High-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of novel aviation aluminum alloy materials, and the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-65 parts of first aluminum powder, 25-30 parts of second aluminum powder and 10-20 parts of silicon powder; wherein the D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder and the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder meet the following relation: 1.2 < = C1 / C3-C2 / C3 < = 2.0. Compared with an existing aluminum-silicon alloy, under the condition that no other doped metal is introduced, the aluminum powder and the silicon powder meeting the specific particle size range serve as raw materials, the hot isostatic pressing-subzero treatment-magnetic field sintering combined technology is adopted, the tensile strength and the high temperature resistance of the aluminum-silicon alloy material are remarkably improved, and the service life of the aluminum-silicon alloy material is prolonged. And the use requirements of aviation aluminum alloy materials can be met, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

A high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of novel aerospace aluminum alloy materials, and more particularly to a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of the aviation industry, the requirements for material performance in aerospace components are becoming increasingly stringent. Among these, tensile strength and high-temperature resistance are key indicators for evaluating the quality of aerospace aluminum alloy materials. In particular, tensile strength directly relates to the structural integrity and safety of aerospace components under tremendous external forces. For example, critical structural components such as aircraft wings and fuselages must withstand aerodynamic loads, their own weight, and potential sudden external impacts during flight. If the tensile strength of the materials is insufficient, it can easily lead to structural deformation or even fracture, causing serious flight accidents.

[0003] Currently, although aluminum-silicon alloys have been used to some extent in the aerospace field due to their advantages such as low density, high specific strength, and corrosion resistance, existing aluminum-silicon alloy materials still have many limitations in terms of tensile strength and high-temperature resistance, making it difficult to fully meet the ever-increasing performance requirements of aerospace devices. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the above problems, this invention provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0006] 50-65 parts of first aluminum powder, 25-30 parts of second aluminum powder and 10-20 parts of silicon powder;

[0007] The D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder, and the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder satisfy the following relationship: 1.2≤C1 / C3-C2 / C3≤2.0.

[0008] Furthermore, the D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder is 80μm~100μm;

[0009] And / or, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder is 40μm~60μm;

[0010] And / or, the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder is 20μm~30μm.

[0011] Furthermore, the D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder is 95 μm;

[0012] And / or, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder is 50 μm;

[0013] And / or, the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder is 25 μm.

[0014] Furthermore, by weight, it includes the following raw materials:

[0015] The mixture consists of 58 parts of first aluminum powder, 27 parts of second aluminum powder, and 15 parts of silicon powder.

[0016] Secondly, based on the same inventive concept, this invention provides a method for preparing the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material obtained in the first aspect, comprising the following steps:

[0017] The first aluminum powder, the second aluminum powder, and the silicon powder are stirred and mixed to obtain a dry mixture;

[0018] The dry mixture is subjected to hot isostatic pressing to obtain a green body;

[0019] The blank is subjected to cryogenic treatment and then sintered under a magnetic field atmosphere to obtain the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0020] Furthermore, the working conditions for the hot isostatic pressing treatment include: an inert gas atmosphere, a temperature of 450~520℃, a pressure of 170~195 MPa, and a time of 60~90 min.

[0021] Furthermore, the working conditions for the cryogenic treatment include: a temperature of -200℃ to -195℃ and a time of 20 to 30 minutes.

[0022] Furthermore, the step of sintering under a magnetic field atmosphere includes the following processes:

[0023] The cryogenically treated billet is placed in a magnetic field sintering furnace under an inert gas atmosphere. The magnetic flux coil current is set to 8~12A, and the temperature is raised from room temperature to 500~550℃ at a rate of 4~7℃ / min and held for 60~90min. The billet is then cooled with the furnace.

[0024] Furthermore, the sintering temperature is 520~530℃.

[0025] The technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least the following advantages compared with the prior art:

[0026] This invention provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method. Compared with existing aluminum-silicon alloys, without introducing other doping metals, this invention significantly improves the tensile strength and high-temperature resistance of the aluminum-silicon alloy material by using aluminum powder and silicon powder with specific particle size ranges as raw materials and employing a combined process of hot isostatic pressing, cryogenic treatment, and magnetic field sintering. This meets the requirements for aerospace aluminum alloy materials and has broad application prospects. Specifically:

[0027] 1) Gradient particle size matching strategy

[0028] This invention employs a particle size gradient design of dual-mode aluminum powder (first aluminum powder D50=C1, second aluminum powder D50=C2) and silicon powder (D50=C3). By controlling the particle size ratio of 1.2≤C1 / C3-C2 / C3≤2.0, it is beneficial to achieve close packing of the powders. This design follows the principle of "large particles constructing the framework and small particles filling the voids," which can significantly reduce porosity.

[0029] 2) Combined process of hot isostatic pressing-deep cryogenic treatment-magnetic field sintering

[0030] The particle size matching of dual-mode aluminum powder and silicon powder provides an ideal initial structure for hot isostatic pressing. Under high pressure, small particles fill the gaps between large particles, and near-full densification is achieved by combining diffusion creep. Subsequently, deep cryogenic treatment such as liquid nitrogen after hot isostatic pressing fixes the subcrystalline structure through rapid cooling, suppresses dislocation dynamic recovery, and refines the second-phase particles, forming a dual effect of dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening. Combined with sintering in a magnetic field atmosphere, the magnetic field controls the grain orientation, avoids local segregation, and promotes texture strengthening, thereby improving the comprehensive properties of aluminum-silicon alloy materials such as tensile strength and high-temperature resistance, and obtaining high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy materials that meet the requirements of aerospace aluminum alloy fields. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials, reagents, instruments, and equipment used in this invention can be purchased commercially or prepared using existing methods. Furthermore, unless otherwise specified or detailed, the steps and parameters involved in this invention can be performed according to existing preparation processes or directly using existing equipment; these will not be elaborated upon further in this document.

[0033] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Experimental methods in the following embodiments, unless otherwise specified, are generally performed according to national standards. If no corresponding national standard exists, then generally accepted international standards, conventional conditions, or conditions recommended by the manufacturer are followed.

[0034] Example 1

[0035] This example provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0036] 58 parts of first aluminum powder, 27 parts of second aluminum powder, and 15 parts of silicon powder;

[0037] Wherein, the D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder is 95μm, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder is 50μm, and the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder is 25μm; C1 / C3-C2 / C3=1.8.

[0038] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material includes the following steps:

[0039] Step (1): Mix the first aluminum powder, the second aluminum powder, and the silicon powder to obtain a dry mixture;

[0040] Step (2): The dry mixture described in step (1) is subjected to hot isostatic pressing in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 490°C, a pressure of 185 MPa, and a time of 75 min to obtain a green body.

[0041] Step (3): The blank obtained in step (2) is subjected to cryogenic treatment at a temperature of -196℃ for 25 minutes; then the cryogenically treated blank is placed in a magnetic field sintering furnace under an inert gas atmosphere, the magnetic flux coil current is set to 10A, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 530℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 80 minutes, and then cooled with the furnace to obtain the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0042] Example 2

[0043] This example provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0044] 50 parts of first aluminum powder, 30 parts of second aluminum powder, and 20 parts of silicon powder;

[0045] Wherein, the D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder is 80μm, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder is 40μm, and the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder is 30μm; C1 / C3-C2 / C3=1.3.

[0046] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material includes the following steps:

[0047] Step (1): Mix the first aluminum powder, the second aluminum powder, and the silicon powder to obtain a dry mixture;

[0048] Step (2): The dry mixture described in step (1) is subjected to hot isostatic pressing in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 450°C, a pressure of 195 MPa, and a time of 90 min to obtain a green body.

[0049] Step (3): The blank obtained in step (2) is subjected to cryogenic treatment at a temperature of -196℃ for 25 minutes; then the cryogenically treated blank is placed in a magnetic field sintering furnace under an inert gas atmosphere, the magnetic flux coil current is set to 10A, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 500℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 90 minutes, and then cooled with the furnace to obtain the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0050] Example 3

[0051] This example provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0052] 65 parts of first aluminum powder, 25 parts of second aluminum powder, and 10 parts of silicon powder;

[0053] Wherein, the D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder is 100μm, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder is 60μm, and the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder is 20μm; C1 / C3-C2 / C3=2.0.

[0054] The preparation method of the above-mentioned high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material includes the following steps:

[0055] Step (1): Mix the first aluminum powder, the second aluminum powder, and the silicon powder to obtain a dry mixture;

[0056] Step (2): The dry mixture described in step (1) is subjected to hot isostatic pressing in an inert gas atmosphere at a temperature of 520°C, a pressure of 175 MPa, and a time of 60 min to obtain a green body.

[0057] Step (3): The blank obtained in step (2) is subjected to cryogenic treatment at a temperature of -196℃ for 25 minutes; then the cryogenically treated blank is placed in a magnetic field sintering furnace under an inert gas atmosphere, the magnetic flux coil current is set to 10A, the temperature is raised from room temperature to 550℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 60 minutes, and then cooled with the furnace to obtain the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] This example provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0060] (1) The D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder is adjusted to 50 μm (i.e., aluminum powder with a single particle size is used).

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] This example provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0063] (1) The hot isostatic pressing treatment in step (2) is changed to cold isostatic pressing treatment (the specific parameters are pressure of 185 MPa and time of 75 min).

[0064] Comparative Example 3

[0065] This example provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0066] (1) No cryogenic treatment was performed in step (3). The specific steps were adjusted as follows: the billet described in step (2) was placed in a magnetic field sintering furnace under an inert gas atmosphere, the magnetic flux coil current was set to 10A, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 530℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 80min, and then cooled with the furnace to obtain the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] This example provides a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method, which differs from Example 1 only in that:

[0069] (1) Step (3) is adjusted to conventional freezing treatment + conventional sintering furnace treatment. The specific steps are adjusted as follows: the billet described in step (2) is frozen at -50℃ for 25 minutes; then the frozen billet is placed in a sintering furnace under an inert gas atmosphere, and the temperature is set to rise from room temperature to 530℃ at a rate of 5℃ / min and held for 80 minutes. The billet is then cooled with the furnace to obtain the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material.

[0070] Test case

[0071] In this example, the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy materials obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were subjected to room temperature tensile tests on a universal testing machine to obtain the tensile strength (MPa) of the aluminum-silicon alloy materials. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0072] Table 1

[0073]

[0074] As shown in Table 1, compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 4, the aluminum-silicon alloy material provided in the embodiments of the present invention has better tensile strength, which is maintained above 450 MPa. This indicates that the present invention uses aluminum powder and silicon powder with specific particle size range as raw materials and adopts a combined process of hot isostatic pressing, cryogenic treatment and magnetic field sintering.

[0075] Based on the above, this example further tests the high-temperature strength of the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy materials obtained in Examples 1-3 at 350°C and compares them with existing conventional aluminum-silicon alloys (Si content of 12wt%). The test results are shown in Table 2.

[0076] Table 2

[0077]

[0078] As shown in Table 2, compared with existing conventional aluminum-silicon alloys, the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material provided by the present invention has excellent high-temperature resistance, and its high-temperature (350℃) strength is maintained above 200 MPa.

[0079] In summary, the embodiments of the present invention provide a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material and its preparation method. Compared with existing aluminum-silicon alloys, without introducing other doping metals, the present invention significantly improves the tensile strength and high-temperature resistance of the aluminum-silicon alloy material by using aluminum powder and silicon powder with specific particle size ranges as raw materials and adopting a combined process of hot isostatic pressing, cryogenic treatment and magnetic field sintering. This material can meet the requirements of aerospace aluminum alloy materials and has broad application prospects.

[0080] Various embodiments of the present invention may exist in the form of a range; it should be understood that the description in the form of a range is merely for convenience and brevity and should not be construed as a hard limitation on the scope of the invention; therefore, it should be considered that the range description has specifically disclosed all possible subranges and single numerical values ​​within that range. For example, it should be considered that the range description from 1 to 6 has specifically disclosed subranges such as from 1 to 3, from 1 to 4, from 1 to 5, from 2 to 4, from 2 to 6, from 3 to 6, etc., and single numbers within the range, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, regardless of the range. Furthermore, whenever a numerical range is referred to herein, it means including any referenced number (fraction or integer) within the range referred to.

[0081] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material, characterized in that, by weight parts, it comprises the following raw materials: 50-65 parts of first aluminum powder, 25-30 parts of second aluminum powder, and 10-20 parts of silicon powder; wherein the D50 particle size C1 of the first aluminum powder, the D50 particle size C2 of the second aluminum powder, and the D50 particle size C3 of the silicon powder satisfy the following relationship: 1.2≤C1 / C3-C2 / C3≤2.

0.

2. The high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first aluminum powder has a D50 particle size C1 of 80μm to 100μm; and / or, the second aluminum powder has a D50 particle size C2 of 40μm to 60μm; and / or, the silicon powder has a D50 particle size C3 of 20μm to 30μm.

3. The high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first aluminum powder has a D50 particle size C1 of 95 μm; and / or the second aluminum powder has a D50 particle size C2 of 50 μm; and / or the silicon powder has a D50 particle size C3 of 25 μm.

4. The high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 1, characterized in that, By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 58 parts of first aluminum powder, 27 parts of second aluminum powder, and 15 parts of silicon powder.

5. A method for preparing a high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The first aluminum powder, the second aluminum powder, and the silicon powder are stirred and mixed to obtain a dry mixture; The dry mixture is subjected to hot isostatic pressing to obtain a green body; The blank is subjected to cryogenic treatment and then sintered under a magnetic field atmosphere to obtain the high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material.

6. The method for preparing high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working conditions for the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatment include: an inert gas atmosphere, a temperature of 450~520℃, a pressure of 170~195 MPa, and a time of 60~90 min.

7. The method for preparing high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working conditions for the cryogenic treatment include: a temperature of -200℃ to -195℃ and a time of 20 to 30 minutes.

8. The method for preparing high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The step of sintering under a magnetic field atmosphere includes the following process: placing the cryogenically treated billet in a magnetic field sintering furnace under an inert gas atmosphere, setting the magnetic flux coil current to 8~12A, heating from room temperature to 500~550℃ at a rate of 4~7℃ / min and holding at that temperature for 60~90min, and then cooling with the furnace.

9. The method for preparing high-performance aluminum-silicon alloy material according to claim 5, characterized in that, The sintering temperature is 520~530℃.

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