A distributed bionic anti-collision protection structure suitable for bridge piers

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of distributed bionic anti-collision protection structures suitable for bridge pier, belong to bridge structure protection technical field, including main beam and pier, main beam is set on pier by support, the middle and lower part of pier is provided with distributed fish scale bionic anti-collision structure, for effectively protecting pier from being destroyed when encountering impact.The application can be prefabricated in factory, installed at construction site, and connected between pier and pier and main beam is simple, easy to construct, and can realize rapid installation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of bridge structure protection technology, specifically relating to a distributed biomimetic anti-collision protection structure suitable for bridge piers. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of transportation and infrastructure construction, the risk of bridge piers encountering collisions or external impacts during the operation of ships and vehicles is increasing. Collisions can cause serious casualties, property damage, and environmental harm. Therefore, developing efficient, economical, and practical protective devices has multiple benefits, including improving safety, reducing economic losses, protecting the environment, and promoting technological innovation. It not only protects lives and property but also contributes to social progress and sustainable development, ultimately bringing significant social and economic benefits to various industries.

[0003] Current rigid protection solutions mainly consist of steel caissons and concrete crash barriers. While they possess high impact stiffness, their energy absorption efficiency is low, and impact loads are easily transferred directly to the pier body, leading to pier cracking and damage to the pier base. Furthermore, these devices are heavy, have long installation cycles, and require complete replacement for later maintenance, resulting in high economic costs. Although flexible protection technology can absorb some energy through material deformation, it suffers from insufficient impact strength and poor durability. Existing spring core layer structures are prone to corrosion and fatigue failure after long-term use. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention provides a distributed biomimetic anti-collision structure suitable for bridge piers. The distributed fish-scale biomimetic anti-collision structure can effectively solve the problem of bridge pier collision protection. Through reasonable structural design, it improves collision protection performance and reduces personal injury and property damage caused by collisions.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a distributed biomimetic anti-collision protective structure suitable for bridge piers, including a main beam and a pier. The main beam is mounted on the pier through supports, and a distributed fish-scale biomimetic anti-collision structure is provided in the middle and lower part of the pier to effectively protect the pier from damage when it is hit.

[0006] Furthermore, the distributed fish-scale biomimetic anti-collision structure includes wing plate units, a compressible energy-dissipating layer, and a connecting layer; The wing plate unit is connected to the connecting layer via a connector. The side of the connecting layer away from the wing plate unit is connected to the compressible energy dissipation layer via epoxy resin. The side of the compressible energy dissipation layer away from the connecting layer is connected to the lower middle outer side of the pier via bolts.

[0007] Furthermore, the wing unit is composed of multiple wing plates stacked together, and each wing plate is tilted and fixed on the connecting layer to form a spatial configuration that is not orthogonal to the expected impact direction.

[0008] Furthermore, the wing plate is in the shape of fish scales or the edge of a shell.

[0009] Furthermore, the wing unit is made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material.

[0010] Furthermore, the connecting layer is made of a metal matrix composite material, which is used to convert the impact force dispersed by the wing unit into a surface force and transmit it to the compressible energy dissipation layer.

[0011] Furthermore, the compressible energy-dissipating layer is made of a compressible flexible material and is used to passively dissipate impact kinetic energy during a collision.

[0012] Beneficial effects: 1. This invention effectively reduces the impact force transmitted to bridge piers when vehicles or ships collide with them, allowing the piers to maintain their original performance and thus protecting the stability of the upper part of the pier. Upon impact, the impact force first acts on the wing plate unit. Due to the inclined arrangement of the wing plates, the impact force is decomposed into normal and tangential components. The tangential component causes the impacting body to slide along the surface of the wing plate unit, effectively weakening the direct impact force. Subsequently, the wing plate unit undergoes controllable relative slippage and local deformation. Relative slippage dissipates a large amount of impact energy through friction, while local deformation absorbs some impact energy. Furthermore, the vibration between the various wing plate units effectively disperses the impact force, making the subsequent impact force transmitted to the structure less concentrated. The wing plate unit is made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material. Featuring lightweight, high strength, corrosion resistance, and excellent chemical resistance, it can perform its function while remaining largely undamaged. Connectors link each wing plate unit to the connecting layer, ensuring the structural integrity of each wing plate unit and preventing excessive slippage between them, thus improving overall structural stability and collaboratively resisting deformation. Since each wing plate unit is installed individually, it can be disassembled and replaced after an impact to restore it to a working state, facilitating installation, maintenance, and replacement. The impact force reaches the connecting layer after passing through the wing plate units. The connecting layer converts the dispersed impact force from the wing plate units into surface force, which is then transferred to the compressible energy dissipation layer. Upon reaching the compressible energy dissipation layer, it undergoes significant deformation under pressure, dissipating a large amount of impact kinetic energy. This process reduces the impact force transmitted to the piers, effectively protecting the structural stability of the piers and thus the overall bridge structure.

[0013] 2. This invention can be prefabricated in the factory and installed on the construction site. It is simple to connect to the piers and the main beams, making it easy to construct and enabling rapid installation. This meets the major demand for "rapid construction" in urban bridge construction. In addition, this invention is easy to monitor and replace. It can be quickly replaced after an earthquake at a low cost, ensuring rapid repair of bridges after an earthquake. This can greatly reduce the total cost of post-earthquake repair and improve the overall seismic resilience of the transportation network. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is the overall front view of the invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the distributed fish-scale biomimetic anti-collision structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the wing plate unit of the present invention; Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Main beam; 2. Pier; 3. Support; 4. Distributed fish-scale bionic anti-collision structure; 5. Wing plate unit; 6. Connection layer; 7. Compressible energy dissipation layer; 8. Bolt; 9. Connector. Detailed Implementation

[0015] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the orientation descriptions, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention.

[0017] In the description of this invention, "several" means one or more, "more than" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," and "exceeding" are understood to exclude the stated number, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the stated number. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is merely for distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0018] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, terms such as "set up," "install," and "connect" should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention in conjunction with the specific content of the technical solution.

[0019] Example 1

[0020] refer to Figure 1 - Figure 3 A distributed biomimetic anti-collision structure suitable for bridge piers includes a main beam 1 and a pier 2. The main beam 1 is mounted on the pier 2 via supports 3. The lower middle part of the pier 2 is provided with a distributed fish-scale biomimetic anti-collision structure 4, which is used to effectively protect the pier from damage when it is hit.

[0021] Preferably, the distributed fish-scale biomimetic anti-collision structure 4 includes a wing plate unit 5, a compressible energy-dissipating layer 7, and a connecting layer 6; The wing plate unit 5 is connected to the connecting layer 6 via the connector 9. The side of the connecting layer 6 away from the wing plate unit 5 is connected to the compressible energy dissipation layer 7 via epoxy resin. The side of the compressible energy dissipation layer 7 away from the connecting layer 6 is connected to the lower middle outer side of the pier 2 via bolts 8.

[0022] Preferably, the wing unit 5 is composed of multiple wing plates stacked together, and each wing plate is tilted and fixed on the connecting layer 6 to form a spatial configuration that is not orthogonal to the expected impact direction.

[0023] Preferably, the wing plates are fish-scale shaped or shell-edge shaped.

[0024] Preferably, the wing unit 5 is made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material.

[0025] Preferably, the connecting layer 6 is made of a metal matrix composite material and is used to convert the impact force dispersed by the wing unit 5 into a surface force and transfer it to the compressible energy dissipation layer 7.

[0026] Preferably, the compressible energy dissipation layer 7 is made of a compressible flexible material and is used to dissipate impact kinetic energy through passive compression during a collision.

[0027] In this embodiment, the connector 9 is used to fix each wing unit 5 to the connecting layer 6. Upon impact, it allows the wing unit 5 to undergo controllable relative slippage to dissipate energy through friction, while preventing excessive slippage between the wing unit 5 and loss of structural integrity. To achieve this function, the connector 9 can employ various connection methods conventional in the art, such as high-strength bolts, rivets, pins, clips, or a hybrid connection method combining adhesive and mechanical fastening. Considering that the wing unit 5 is made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material and the connecting layer 6 is made of metal matrix composite material, this embodiment preferably uses high-strength bolts as the connector 9. By controlling the preload of the bolts, a set frictional force can be generated between the wing unit 5 and the connecting layer 6. When the tangential force generated by the impact exceeds this frictional force, the wing unit 5 undergoes controllable relative slippage, thereby dissipating impact energy; simultaneously, the limiting effect of the bolts prevents the wing unit 5 from excessively slipping and detaching.

[0028] In other embodiments, the connector 9 may also adopt a pin-and-groove structure: a grooved hole is made in the connecting layer 6, and the pin passes through the wing plate unit 5 and is inserted into the grooved hole, so that the wing plate unit 5 can slide within a certain range in the length direction of the grooved hole, thereby achieving controllable sliding and limiting.

[0029] Working principle: When pier 2 is struck by a vehicle or ship, the impact force first acts on the flange unit 5. Since the flange unit 5 is arranged at an angle, the impact force is decomposed into normal and tangential components. The tangential component causes the impacting body to slide along the surface of the flange unit 5, effectively weakening the direct impact force. Subsequently, the flange unit 5 undergoes controllable relative slippage and local deformation. Relative slippage dissipates a large amount of impact energy through friction, while local deformation absorbs some impact energy. Furthermore, the vibration between each flange unit 5 effectively disperses the impact force, making the subsequent impact force transmitted through the structure less concentrated. Connector 9 connects each flange unit 5 to the connecting layer 6. The connection between the wing plate units 5 ensures the structural integrity of each unit and prevents excessive slippage between them, improving overall structural stability and coordinating resistance to deformation. Since each wing plate unit 5 is installed individually, it can be disassembled and replaced after an impact to restore its operational status, facilitating installation, maintenance, and replacement. The impact force, after passing through the wing plate units 5, reaches the connecting layer 6. The connecting layer 6 converts the dispersed impact force from the wing plate units 5 into surface force, which is then transferred to the compressible energy dissipation layer 7. When the impact force reaches the compressible energy dissipation layer 7, it undergoes significant deformation under pressure, dissipating a large amount of impact kinetic energy. This process reduces the impact force transmitted to the piers, effectively protecting the structural stability of the piers and thus the overall bridge structure.

[0030] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the technical scope of the present invention. Therefore, any minor modifications, equivalent changes and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A distributed biomimetic collision avoidance protective structure suitable for bridge piers, comprising a main beam and piers, wherein the main beam is mounted on the piers via supports, characterized in that, The lower middle part of the bridge pier is equipped with a distributed fish-scale bionic anti-collision structure to effectively protect the bridge pier from damage when it is hit.

2. The distributed biomimetic anti-collision protective structure for bridge piers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distributed fish-scale biomimetic anti-collision structure includes wing plate units, a compressible energy-dissipating layer, and a connecting layer. The wing plate unit is connected to the connecting layer via a connector. The side of the connecting layer away from the wing plate unit is connected to the compressible energy dissipation layer via epoxy resin. The side of the compressible energy dissipation layer away from the connecting layer is connected to the lower middle outer side of the pier via bolts.

3. The distributed biomimetic anti-collision protective structure for bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wing unit is composed of multiple wing plates stacked together, and each wing plate is tilted and fixed on the connecting layer to form a spatial configuration that is not orthogonal to the expected impact direction.

4. A distributed biomimetic anti-collision protective structure for bridge piers according to claim 3, characterized in that, The wing plates are shaped like fish scales or the edges of a seashell.

5. A distributed biomimetic anti-collision protective structure for bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wing unit is made of carbon fiber reinforced polymer material.

6. A distributed biomimetic collision avoidance protective structure for bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The connecting layer is made of a metal-based composite material and is used to convert the impact force dispersed by the wing unit into a surface force and transmit it to the compressible energy-dissipating layer.

7. A distributed biomimetic collision avoidance protective structure for bridge piers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The compressible energy-dissipating layer is made of a compressible flexible material and is used to passively dissipate impact kinetic energy during a collision.

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