Engine data processor, internal combustion engine and computer-implemented method for setting a load shift reserve

Abstract

Engine data processor (1) for setting a load switching reserve (2) for an internal combustion engine, comprising a controller (3) for maintaining at least one torque-limiting operating limit (26), wherein the controller has at least one control target (27), and a load switching reserve module (5) for determining the load switching reserve (2) for at least one torque-limiting operating limit (26), wherein the load switching reserve module (5) is configured to receive a torque setpoint (12), a load switching reserve setpoint (15), at least one operating limit (26) and at least one operating variable (4), and to generate an output signal (10) from the received values ​​(12, 15, 26, 4) and to output the output signal (10) to the controller (3), wherein the controller (3) is configured to adjust the control target (27) taking into account the output signal (10) so that the load switching reserve (2) corresponds to the load switching reserve setpoint (15).and to determine and output at least one control variable (11) for the internal combustion engine.

Description

The present invention relates to an engine data processor for adjusting a powershift margin according to independent claim 1. further relates to a computer implemented method for adjusting powershift margin according to independent claim 7.Internal combustion engines are often equipped with controls. The controllers serve to receive sensor data, evaluate them, process them by means of algorithms and determine and output manipulated variables therefrom. The manipulated variables which are output by a controller usually have the purpose of operating various actuators of the internal combustion engine within safe limit value ranges. The limit value ranges can define, for example, an admissible temperature range or an admissible pressure range.Internal combustion engines are used in vehicles as drive systems or in buildings in combination with a generator as an electric power unit. In an internal combustion engine, a supplied fuel is burned and thereby provides a mechanical power. This power can be used to drive a vehicle or a generator.In many applications, the requirements for internal combustion engines include, in addition to satisfying emission specifications and optimum operation at costs, the ability to provide increased mechanical powers in reaction times that are as short as possible. The power reserve required for this purpose is called load switching reserve.In known internal combustion engines of the type mentioned at the beginning, load shift reserves are not specified directly, but rather, for example, via a combined formulation of a target torque, a target consumption, a target air mass flow and a maximum permissible exhaust emission limit value.A disadvantage of the known internal combustion engines is consequently that the load shift reserve is indicated indirectly via a plurality of variables, which is complicated, associated with high costs and can lead to irreversible damage to the internal combustion engine if the technical knowledge required for this is missing.The object of the invention is to make possible a cost-effective, reliable and flexible configuration of internal combustion engines.The object is achieved with an engine data processor according to independent claim 1.An engine data processor according to the invention is used to set a load shift margin for an internal combustion engine. The load shift reserve describes the ability to perform an instantaneous power increase from a first motor power to a second motor power within a time period that is as short as possible. Instantaneous power increases are often required to different extents in an application-specific manner. From the beginning to the end of the changeover, instantaneous power increases require no longer than 0.1 to 0.3 seconds.The engine data processor includes a controller for maintaining at least one torque limiting operating limit, the controller having at least one control target. Controllers are characterized by at least one target variable which is adjusted with the aid of at least one manipulated variable. The input or selection of a new control target can preferably bring about an adaptation of manipulated variables in the controller.The engine data processor further includes a power shift margin module for determining the power shift margin for at least one torque limiting operating limit. The load shift reserve module can be assigned to the regulator. A torque-limiting operating limit value is a limit value on which the level of the torque which can be provided by an engine or internal combustion engine during operation depends. A torque-limiting operating limit value may be, for example, a maximum exhaust emission value of an internal combustion engine. A load shift reserve can be determined for a plurality of torque-limiting operating limit values. This means that the load shift reserve determined can be provided while maintaining the considered operating limit values.The powershift reserve module is configured to receive a torque setpoint, a powershift reserve setpoint, at least one torque-limiting operating limit value, and at least one operating variable.The torque setpoint value is a current setpoint value for a torque to be provided by an internal combustion engine, for example according to a torque request sent by an engine application system.The duty cycle reserve setpoint value is preferably a duty cycle reserve value which is required during the operation of an internal combustion engine on account of the application-specific requirements. The duty cycle reserve setpoint value can have different amounts in different applications of an internal combustion engine.The at least one operating variable is a physical variable whose value helps to determine whether an internal combustion engine is in a safe operating state. The operating variable can be measured, for example, and is preferably present as a received value or measured value.Furthermore, the powershift reserve module is configured to generate an output signal from the torque setpoint value, the powershift reserve setpoint value, the at least one operating limit value and the at least one operating variable and to output the output signal to the regulator, wherein the regulator is configured to adapt the regulation target, taking into account the output signal, such that the powershift reserve corresponds to the powershift reserve setpoint value, and to ascertain and output at least one manipulated variable for the internal combustion engine.By adapting the control objective, the controller can advantageously not only set the load shift reserve, but also monitor compliance with it.The application-specific configuration of machines is simplified by the adjustability of the load shift reserve setpoint value of the engine data processor according to the invention. The simplified setting of load shift reserves increases the flexibility with regard to the possible applications for internal combustion engines which are operatively connected to the engine data processor according to the invention. By setting the powershift reserve taking into account at least one torque-limiting operating limit value, the technical knowledge necessary for this about the assemblies of the internal combustion engine to be set is advantageously reduced, which likewise reduces the outlay and the costs.The solution according to the invention can be further improved by various embodiments which are each advantageous per se and can be combined with one another as desired. This embodiment and the advantages associated with it are discussed below. The advantages described with respect to the engine data processor and the internal combustion engine also apply to the computer-implemented method according to the invention and vice versa.According to a first possible embodiment, the at least one torque-limiting operating limit value comprises a minimum air mass flow value, a minimum combustion air ratio value, a maximum pressure value, a maximum fuel mass flow value, a maximum exhaust emission value, a maximum exhaust gas temperature and / or a maximum engine speed value. These variables play an important role in the determination of a torque which can be provided by an internal combustion engine and make it possible to determine a particularly robust powershift reserve. This increases the number of applications for which the internal combustion engine is suitable.According to an advantageous embodiment, the output signal comprises a penalty term which can be recorded as the control target of the controller in such a way that the load shift margin corresponds to the load shift margin setpoint value. This simplifies the integration of the load shift reserve into the control target of the controller and increases the accuracy of the load shift reserve set by the controller, which further increases the robustness and the operational reliability of the internal combustion engines operatively connected to the engine data processor.In a further advantageous embodiment, the powershift reserve is designed as a torqueshift reserve. This allows adjustment of a torque increase from a first torque to a second torque, which may be required in specific applications.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the engine data processor comprises a setpoint value data interface for receiving the powershift reserve setpoint value and the at least one torque-limiting operating limit value, an operating variable data interface for receiving the at least one operating variable, and a data memory for reading out the torque setpoint value. This construction simplifies the design of the engine data processor as a stand-alone and cost-effective unit with which existing internal combustion engines can be equipped.The object can furthermore be achieved with an internal combustion engine, wherein the internal combustion engine comprises an engine data processor according to one of the above configurations, wherein the load shift margin can be provided by means of the at least one manipulated variable output by the engine data processor.The internal combustion engine according to the invention benefits from the advantages of the engine data processor already described by increased flexibility with regard to the applications with high requirements for the load shift reserve to be provided by the internal combustion engine. The simplified adjustability of the load shift reserve reduces the operating and configuration costs of the internal combustion engine and simplifies the conversion thereof to other applications. The load shift reserve can advantageously be set completely internally in the engine data processor and thus in the internal combustion engine. The connection of the internal combustion engine to an external computing unit is possible, but not absolutely necessary.The object underlying the initially can be further achieved by a computer-implemented method according to claim 7.A computer-implemented method according to the invention for setting a load shift margin for an internal combustion engine comprises the following steps:receiving at least one torque-limiting operating limit value, a load shift reserve setpoint value, at least one operating variable and a torque setpoint value,determining a load switching reserve for at least one operating limit value,generating and outputting a penalty term for correcting deviations from the load shift reserve setpoint value, andgenerating and outputting one or more manipulated variables for an internal combustion engine taking into account the output penalty term.All method steps can be executed by the engine data processor according to the invention, whereby the method can be implemented cost-effectively.Furthermore, the method simplifies the setting of load shift reserves by representing a possibility of directly inputting a load shift reserve setpoint value to directly input an application-related load shift reserve for an internal combustion engine.Alternatively or additionally, the method steps can be executed at least partially by the above-mentioned external computing unit or by an external general-purpose computer.The invention is explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the drawings.The combination of features illustrated by way of example in the embodiments shown can be supplemented by further features according to the above explanations according to the properties of the engine data processor according to the invention and / or of the internal combustion engine according to the invention that are necessary for a specific application.According to the above explanations, individual features can also be omitted if the effect of this feature is not important in a specific application.In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used for elements of the same function and / or the same structure.The following are shown: FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an engine data processor according to an example embodiment; FIG. 2 : shows a schematic illustration of an internal combustion engine according to an exemplary embodiment; FIG. 3 : shows the profile of a load shift reserve setpoint value and a load shift reserve as a function of time; and FIG. 4 : shows the schematic illustration of a computer-implemented method for setting a load shift reserve for an internal combustion engine.An engine data processor 1 for setting a load shift margin 2 according to the invention is described below with reference to FIG. 1. Furthermore, an internal combustion engine 20 according to the invention is described with reference to FIG. 2, a curve profile of the powershift reserve 2 over time t with reference to FIG. 3 and a method 100 according to the invention with reference to FIG. 4.Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a simplified schematic diagram of the engine data processor 1. The motor data processor 1 can have a stand-alone processor board 16 and / or be integrated on a board of the internal combustion engine 20 (not shown). The units, blocks, and modules of the engine data processor 1 described below may be implemented in each of hardware, software, or a combination of both.The engine data processor 1 is provided for setting a load shift reserve 2 for an internal combustion engine and comprises a controller 3 for maintaining at least one torque-limiting operating limit value 26.The controller 3 has at least one control target 27. The control target 27 can advantageously be designed as a fuel consumption function for adjusting an internal combustion engine operation while maintaining torque-limiting operating limit values 26 and low fuel consumption values.The torque limiting limit value 26 and the control target 27 can be received, for example, via a setpoint data interface 18.Furthermore, the engine data processor 1 comprises a duty cycle reserve module 5 for determining the duty cycle reserve 2 for at least one torque-limiting operating limit value 26.A torque-limiting operating limit value 26 may be, for example, a maximum exhaust emission value 28 of an internal combustion engine, which is received by the engine data processor 1 at the setpoint data interface 18. The powershift reserve 2 can be determined for a plurality of torque-limiting operating limit values 26. This means that the load shift reserve 2 determined is provided while maintaining the considered operating limit values 26.The powershift reserve module 5 is configured to receive a torque setpoint value 12, a powershift reserve setpoint value 15, at least one torque-limiting operating limit value 26 and at least one operating variable 4.The torque setpoint value 12 is a current setpoint value for a torque to be provided by an internal combustion engine, for example according to a torque request (not shown) sent by an engine application system.The duty cycle reserve setpoint value 15 is preferably a duty cycle reserve value which is required during the operation of an internal combustion engine on account of the application-specific requirements. The duty cycle reserve setpoint value can have different amounts in different applications of an internal combustion engine.The at least one operating variable 4 is a physical variable or a parameter whose value helps to determine whether an internal combustion engine is in a safe operating state. The operating variable 4 can be measured, for example, and is preferably present as a received value or measured value. The operating variable 4 advantageously comprises a current air mass flow value, a current pressure value, a fuel mass flow value and / or an engine speed value.Furthermore, the powershift reserve module 5 is designed to generate an output signal 10 from the torque setpoint value 12, the powershift reserve setpoint value 15, the at least one operating limit value 26 and the at least one operating variable 4 and to output the output signal 10 to the controller 3, wherein the controller 3 is designed to adapt the control target 27 in such a way that the powershift reserve 2 corresponds to the powershift reserve setpoint value 15 taking into account the output signal 10, and to determine and output at least one manipulated variable 11 for an internal combustion engine.By adapting the control target 27, the controller 3 can advantageously not only set the load shift reserve 2 but also monitor its compliance.According to a first possible embodiment, the at least one torque-limiting operating limit value 26 comprises a minimum air mass flow value, a minimum combustion air ratio value, a maximum pressure value, a maximum fuel mass flow value, a maximum exhaust emission value, a maximum exhaust gas temperature and / or a maximum engine speed value. The pressure value can advantageously be the pressure of a charge air which is pumped into the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine before the combustion. Alternatively, the pressure value may correspond to the pressure at which a fuel combustion process takes place in the internal combustion engine. The torque-limiting operating limit values 26 play an important role in the determination of a torque that can be provided by an internal combustion engine and make it possible to determine a particularly robust powershift reserve 2.According to an advantageous embodiment, the output signal 10 comprises a penalty term 13 which can be recorded in the control target 27 of the controller 3 such that the load shift margin 2 corresponds to the load shift margin setpoint value 15. This simplifies the integration of the load shift reserve 2 into the control target 27 of the controller and increases the accuracy of the load shift reserve 2 set by the controller 3, which further increases the robustness and the operational reliability of the internal combustion engines operatively connected to the engine data processor 1.In a further advantageous embodiment, the powershift reserve 2 is designed as a torqueshift reserve 14. This allows adjustment of a torque increase from a first torque to a second torque, which may be required in specific applications.According to a further advantageous embodiment, the engine data processor 1 comprises, in addition to the setpoint value data interface 18 for receiving the powershift reserve setpoint value 15 and the at least one torque-limiting operating limit value 26, an operating variable data interface 19 for receiving the at least one operating variable 4, and a data memory 17 for reading out the torque setpoint value 12.The engine data processor 1 preferably has an output data interface 23, which is designed to output one or more manipulated variables 11.The data memory 17 has, for example, a torque model designed as a look-up table 24. The torque setpoint value 12 can be determined by means of the look-up table 24, for example as a function of one or more operating variables 4, and can be called up by the powershift reserve module 5. In an advantageous embodiment, the data memory 17 can have at least one preset powershift reserve setpoint 15.FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of the internal combustion engine 20 according to the invention. the internal combustion engine 20 comprises an engine data processor 1 according to one of the above configurations, wherein the load shift margin 2 can be provided by means of the at least one manipulated variable 11 output by the engine data processor 1.In internal combustion engine 20, a fuel 22 supplied to an engine 25 is burned and thereby provides a mechanical power 21. The mechanical power 21 is characterized by a torque and a rotational speed which serves for driving a consumer system (not shown). The consumer system can advantageously be a machine, a vehicle or a generator.The internal combustion engine 20 according to the invention benefits from the advantages of the engine data processor 1 already described, which advantages offer increased flexibility with regard to the applications with corresponding requirements on the load shift reserve 2 to be provided by the internal combustion engine 20.FIG. 3 shows a curve profile of the powershift reserve 2 (see FIG. 3, top) set by the engine data processor 1 and provided by the internal combustion engine 20 as a function of a powershift reserve setpoint value 15 (see FIG. 3, bottom).The lower curve profile (FIG. 3, bottom) shows the profile of the duty cycle reserve setpoint value 15 as a function of the time t. At a point in time p, for example, an initial value of the duty cycle reserve setpoint value 15, n 1 is increased to a new duty cycle reserve setpoint value 15, n 2 by inputting a new duty cycle reserve setpoint value 15. The new duty margin set value 15,n2 is input to the engine data processor 1 by, for example, a user (not shown).The upper curve profile (FIG. 3, top) shows how the current powershift reserve 2 amounts up to the time p and the powershift reserve setpoint value is 15.n1and begins to increase at the time p as a function of the new powershift reserve setpoint value 15.n2. With a time delay d, the load shift reserve 2 is adapted to the new value n2 of the load shift reserve setpoint value 15. With a lapse of the time delay d, the duty cycle reserve 2 corresponds to the duty cycle reserve setpoint value 15.The simplified adjustability of the load shift reserve 2 reduces the operating and configuration costs of the internal combustion engine 20 and simplifies the conversion thereof to other applications. The load shift reserve 2 can advantageously be set completely internally in the engine data processor 1 and thus in the internal combustion engine 20. The connection of the internal combustion engine 20 to an external computing unit is possible, but not absolutely necessary.FIG. 4 shows a computer-implemented method 100 for setting a load shift margin 2 for an internal combustion engine. The computer-implemented method 100 comprises the following steps:Step 101: Receiving at least one torque-limiting operating limit value 26, one powershift reserve setpoint value 15, at least one operating variable (4) and one torque setpoint value 12,Step 102: Determining a load shift reserve 2 for at least one torque limiting operating limit value 26,Step 103: generating and outputting a penalty term 13 for correcting deviations of the load shift reserve 2 from the load shift reserve setpoint value 15, andStep 104: Generating and outputting one or more manipulated variables 11 for an internal combustion engine taking into account the output penalty term 13.All method steps can be carried out by the motor data processor 1 according to the invention, as a result of which. The method 100 may thus be implemented cost-effectively and for automatic execution.Furthermore, the method 100 simplifies the setting of powershift reserves 2 by representing a possibility of directly inputting a new, application-related powershift reserve 2 for an internal combustion engine via the direct input of a powershift reserve setpoint value 15.Alternatively or additionally, the method steps can be executed at least partially by the above-mentioned external computing unit or by an external general-purpose computer.

Claims

Engine data processor (1) for setting a load shift reserve (2) for an internal combustion engine, comprising: - a regulator (3) for maintaining at least one torque-limiting operating limit value (26), wherein the regulator has at least one regulating target (27), and - a load shift reserve module (5) for determining the load shift reserve (2) for at least one torque-limiting operating limit value (26), - wherein the load shift reserve module (5) is designed to: - receive a torque setpoint value (12), a load shift reserve setpoint value (15), at least one operating limit value (26) and at least one operating variable (4), and - generate an output signal (10) from the received values (12, 15, 26, 4) and output the output signal (10) to the regulator (3), - wherein the regulator (3) is designed to thus adapt the regulating target (27) taking into account the output signal (10), the load shift reserve (2) corresponding to the load shift reserve setpoint value (15), and to determine and output at least one control variable (11) for the internal combustion engine.Engine data processor (1) according to claim 1, wherein the at least one torque limiting operating limit value (26) comprises a minimum air mass flow value, a minimum combustion air ratio value, a maximum pressure value, a maximum fuel mass flow value, a maximum exhaust emission value, a maximum exhaust temperature and / or a maximum engine speed value.Engine data processor (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein the output signal (10) contains a penalty term (13) which can be recorded in the control target (27) of the controller (3) in such a way that the load shift margin (2) corresponds to the load shift margin setpoint value (15).Engine data processor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the powershift reserve (2) is designed as a torqueshift reserve (14).Engine data processor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - a setpoint value data interface (18) for receiving the load shift reserve setpoint value (15) and the at least one operating limit value (26), - an operating variable data interface (19) for receiving the at least one operating variable (4), and - a data memory (17) for reading out the torque setpoint value (12).Internal combustion engine (20) for providing a mechanical power (21), comprising an engine data processor (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the load shift reserve (2) can be provided by means of the at least one manipulated variable (11) output by the engine data processor (1).Computer-implemented method (100) for setting a load shift reserve (2) for an internal combustion engine, comprising the following steps: step 101: receiving one or more operating limit values (26), a load shift reserve setpoint value (15), an operating variable (4) and a torque setpoint value (12), step 102: determining a load shift reserve (2) for at least one operating limit value (26), step 103: generating and outputting a penalty term (13) for correcting deviations of the load shift reserve (2) from the load shift reserve setpoint value (15), and step 104: generating and outputting one or more manipulated variables (11) for an internal combustion engine taking into account the output penalty term (13).

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