A system for producing designer fish food based on metabolomic reactions to high temperature stress

Abstract

A system for the production of designer fish food based on metabolomic reactions to high-temperature stress, comprising: a tissue extraction unit (102) configured to isolate liver and muscle tissue from heat-adapted Channa Striatus samples obtained from hot spring outflow areas; an amino acid analysis module (104) equipped to analyze and quantify specific amino acid profiles in the extracted tissues, wherein the module is configured to detect and measure the histidine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine and lysine levels; a device (106) for generating a fatty acid profile, configured to determine the fatty acid composition in the extracted tissues, including detection mechanisms for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); a unit for analyzing the thermal reaction (108) configured to measure and correlate fatty acid modifications at elevated temperatures; a metabolome scoring system (110) configured to analyze metabolic adaptations in amino acid and fatty acid profiles under heat stress conditions; a feed formulation unit (112) for incorporating the identified amino acids and fatty acids in specific proportions based on the results of the metabolomic analysis; and a feed production arrangement (114) configured to produce fish feed containing the formulated amino acid and fatty acid compositions.

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system for producing fish feed based on the metabolomic response to high temperature stress. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system that studies the altered amino acid profile in the liver and muscle tissue of Channa. Water is collected from the hot spring effluent, and a special fish feed is prepared based on this. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0002] Increasing thermal stress for aquaculture species has become a critical problem as it significantly affects the growth, reproduction, disease resistance and overall health of fish, thus threatening the sustainability of aquaculture production systems.

[0003] Atmospheric temperatures have already risen by 0.8°C in recent decades, and forecasts predict further increases of over 1.2°C. Such temperature fluctuations have profound effects on cold-blooded organisms such as fish, whose physiological functions are directly influenced by ambient temperature.

[0004] Current approaches to combating heat stress in aquaculture rely primarily on medicated feeds developed through time-consuming trial-and-error methods. This traditional approach lacks scientific rigor and fails to consider the specific metabolic needs of fish under heat-stress conditions. The lack of a systematic, science-based approach to feed development has hampered the sector's ability to effectively address the challenges posed by rising temperatures.

[0005] Existing feed formulation techniques do not adequately consider the complex metabolic responses of fish to heat stress, particularly the changes in amino acid and fatty acid profiles that occur under high-temperature conditions. This gap in the understanding of metabolomic adaptations has limited the development of effective feed-based solutions to mitigate heat stress. Furthermore, current approaches do not exploit the natural adaptations observed in heat-tolerant fish species, thus missing valuable insights that could be incorporated into feed formulation strategies.

[0006] Conventional feed development methods also lack the precision needed to incorporate specific nutrients in proportions that effectively counteract the metabolic changes induced by heat stress. This limitation has led to suboptimal feed formulations that do not adequately support fish suffering from temperature stress, ultimately impacting aquaculture productivity and sustainability.

[0007] The lack of a systematic approach to investigating and utilizing metabolomics responses for feed development has created an urgent need for innovation in this field. While metabolomics has proven to be a powerful tool for understanding organisms' responses to stress, its application in the development of targeted feed solutions for aquaculture remains largely unexplored.

[0008] To address the above-mentioned challenges, the present invention provides a system for analyzing metabolomic responses in heat-adapted fish species and using these findings for the development of specialized feeds. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[0009] The present disclosure relates to a system for producing fish feed based on the metabolomic response to high temperature stress. The present invention provides an innovative system for developing specialized aquaculture feed based on the metabolomic analysis of heat-adapted fish. The system analyzes metabolic adaptations in hot-spring Channa striatus to develop designer feeds that help aquaculture species cope with heat stress. The invention comprises integrated units for tissue analysis, metabolomic profiling, and feed formulation. It investigates changes in specific amino acids (histidine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, and lysine) and fatty acids (MUFA, PUFA, and 18:1 trans fatty acid) in muscle and liver tissue under high-temperature conditions. These identified metabolic adaptations are then used to formulate specialized feeds with precise nutrient composition.Unlike traditional trial-and-error techniques, this system offers a scientific approach to feed development that shortens development time while ensuring more effective results. Although the system is primarily focused on heat stress, it can be adapted to address other environmental stressors in aquaculture. This invention represents a significant advance in aquaculture feed development and directly addresses the challenges posed by rising global temperatures in fish farming.

[0010] The present disclosure is intended to provide a system for producing fish feed based on the metabolomic response to high temperature stress. The system comprises: a tissue extraction unit configured to isolate liver and muscle tissues from heat-adapted Channa striatus samples obtained from hot spring effluent water; an amino acid analysis module equipped to analyze and quantify specific amino acid profiles in the extracted tissues, the module configured to detect and measure histidine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, and lysine levels; a fatty acid profiling device for determining the fatty acid composition in the extracted tissues, including detection mechanisms for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); a thermal response analysis unit for measuring and correlating fatty acid modifications at elevated temperatures;a metabolomic assessment system for analyzing metabolic adaptations in amino acid and fatty acid profiles under heat stress conditions; a feed formulation unit for incorporating the identified amino acids and fatty acids in specific proportions based on the results of the metabolomic analysis; and a feed production unit for producing fish feed incorporating the formulated amino acid and fatty acid compositions.

[0011] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a system for producing specialized fish feed based on the metabolomic response to high temperature stress.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to provide a system for developing specific aquaculture feeds based on the metabolomic analysis of naturally heat-adapted fish species.

[0013] Another aim of the present invention is the analysis of specific amino acid and fatty acid profiles in heat-treated fish tissue for feed formulation.

[0014] Another object of the present invention is to provide a precise feed formulation system that incorporates identified metabolic adaptations to help aquaculture species cope with thermal stress.

[0015] Another aim of the present invention is to offer an alternative to the traditional trial-and-error method in the development of aquaculture feeds through systematic metabolomic analysis.

[0016] Another object of the present invention is to provide a versatile system suitable for the development of specialty feeds that address various environmental stressors in aquaculture beyond heat stress.

[0017] To further clarify the advantages and features of the present disclosure, a more detailed description of the invention will be given with reference to specific embodiments thereof illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that these drawings represent only typical embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting its scope. The invention will be described and explained in additional detail and in greater detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE CHARACTERS

[0018] These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood when the following detailed description is read with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which like characters represent like parts throughout. Fig.1 shows a block diagram of a system for producing fish feed based on the metabolomic response to high temperature stress according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. And Fig. 2A and Fig. 2B shows a graphical representation of the changes in the amino acid profile of Channa in liver and striatal muscle collected from hot spring effluent water according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will appreciate that elements in the drawings are shown for convenience and may not necessarily be drawn to scale. For example, the flowcharts illustrate the method by key steps to enhance understanding of aspects of the present disclosure. Moreover, with respect to device construction, one or more components of the device may have been represented in the drawings by conventional symbols, and the drawings may show only those specific details relevant to understanding embodiments of the present disclosure in order not to clutter the drawings with details that would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art who would benefit from the description herein. DETAILED DESCRIPTION:

[0020] To facilitate an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and described in specific language. It is to be understood, however, that this is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as such changes and further modifications to the illustrated system and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention pertains.

[0021] It will be understood by one skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.

[0022] References in this specification to "one aspect," "another aspect," or similar language mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Therefore, occurrences of the phrase "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," and similar language throughout this specification may or may not all refer to the same embodiment.

[0023] The terms "comprises," "comprising," or other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method comprising a list of steps not only includes those steps, but may also include other steps not expressly listed or inherent in such process or method. Likewise, one or more devices or subsystems or elements or structures or components preceded by "comprises...a" does not preclude, without further limitation, the existence of other devices or other subsystems or other elements or other structures or other components or additional devices or additional subsystems or additional elements or additional structures or additional components.

[0024] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The system, methods, and examples provided herein are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered limiting.

[0025] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of a system (100) for producing special fish feed based on the metabolomic response to high temperature stress according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] In relation to Fig.1, the system (100) comprises: a tissue extraction unit (102) configured to isolate liver and muscle tissue from heat-adapted Channa striatus samples obtained from hot spring drainage areas; an amino acid analysis module (104) equipped to analyze and quantify specific amino acid profiles in the extracted tissues, the module being configured to detect and measure histidine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, and lysine levels; a fatty acid profiling device (106) configured to determine the fatty acid composition in the extracted tissues, including detection mechanisms for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); a thermal response analysis unit (108) configured to measure and correlate fatty acid modifications at elevated temperatures;a metabolomic assessment system (110) configured to analyze metabolic adaptations in amino acid and fatty acid profiles under heat stress conditions; a feed formulation unit (112) for incorporating the identified amino acids and fatty acids in specific proportions based on the results of the metabolomic analysis; and a feed production unit (114) configured to produce fish feed incorporating the formulated amino acid and fatty acid compositions.

[0028] In one embodiment, the tissue extraction unit (102) comprises special tools for maintaining tissue integrity during the isolation of samples from hot spring water.

[0029] In one embodiment, the amino acid analysis module (104) comprises calibrated sensors (104a) for accurately quantifying the individual amino acid concentrations in the tissue samples.

[0030] In one embodiment, the fatty acid profiling device (106) comprises specific recognition mechanisms (106a) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs), palmitic acid and stearic acid.

[0031] In one embodiment, the thermal response analysis unit (108) comprises temperature-controlled chambers (108a) for simulating various thermal stress conditions, wherein the thermal response analysis revealed that the trans fatty acid content of 18:1 was higher when the fish was exposed to 36°C.

[0032] In one embodiment, the feed formulation unit (112) comprises precision dosing mechanisms (112a) for the precise incorporation of specific amino acids and fatty acids.

[0033] In one embodiment, the feed production unit (114) comprises quality control sensors (114a) to verify the incorporation of formulated compositions into the final feed product.

[0034] The present invention relates to a system for producing fish feed based on the metabolomic response to high temperature stress. The proposed system investigates the altered amino acid profile in the liver and muscle tissue of Channa striatus collected from the hot spring effluent. The fish species are sourced from the Atri hot spring in Odisha, India. The present invention describes how the metabolomic responses of Murrel Channa striatus could be used to produce designer feed to alleviate heat stress. The results of the present invention are useful for understanding the metabolomic adaptations that occur at high temperatures and could be usefully used to develop feed-based strategies to alleviate temperature stress in aquaculture animals.

[0035] The Atri hot spring in the Indian state of Odisha has proven to be an ideal location for studying heat stress resistance mechanisms. The main source of the spring is a circular tank where the water temperature ranges between 57 and 58°C. To prevent water stagnation, the hot water is channeled through cemented outlets into tanks used for bathing. The 38°C hot water flows into a nearby stream that flows into the Rana River nadi. The temperature at the confluence and in the surrounding area remains stable at around 36 to 38°C. Fish species such as Channastriatus, Puntius sophora, and various smaller carp are found in this hot environment. These fish have adapted to the heat and are therefore valuable models for studying the effects of elevated temperatures.

[0036] Fig. 2A and Fig.2B shows a graphical representation of the changes in the amino acid profile of Channa in liver and striatal muscle collected from hot spring effluent water according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] In relation to Fig. 2A and Fig. Figure 2B shows the changes in essential and nonessential amino acids in the liver and muscle tissue of Channa striatus. The present invention investigates the altered amino acid profile in the liver and muscle tissue of Channa striatus collected from the hot spring effluent water. The study showed significant changes in EAA, histidine, and glycine levels, and a significant decrease in arginine, isoleucine, and lysine in the fish living in the hot spring effluent water.

[0038] Referring to Tables 1 and 2 below, the present invention investigates the altered amino acid profile in the liver and muscle tissue of Channa Striatus collected from the hot spring effluent. Table 1: Comparative amino acid profile of the liver of Channa Striatus collected from the effluent of the Atri thermal spring amino acid Control (area percentage) Hot spring (% area) p-value ARG 13.38 11.32 0.0312 CYS 1.33 1.22 0.009 BE 5.63 22.54 0.001 ILE 18.21 8.58 0.0011 LEU 10.84 4.8 0.1576 LYS 5.72 3.46 0.001 MET 4.1 4.5 0.1973 PHE 6.27 6.1 0.1575 PER 1.3 0.78 0.079 THR 2.96 2.58 0.1867 TYR 2.73 1.66 0.20 VAL 3.53 4.16 0.1265 GLU 4.63 4.5 0.35 GLY 11.28 18.55 0.0127 ALA 2.81 2.81 0.484 ASP 2.16 1.4 0.057 SER 2.96 2.17 0.11 Table 2: Comparative amino acid profile of muscle Channa Striatus collected from the effluent of the Atri thermal spring. amino acid Control (area percentage) Hot spring (% area) p-value ARG 5.44 4.92 0.09 BE 5.81 8.37 0.01 ILE 10.41 9.88 0.01 LEU 18.5 18.41 0.42 LYS 4.46 2.33 0.03 MET 3.46 2.89 0.04 PHE 9.68 9.47 0.15 PER 1.65 1.61 0.15 THR 4.48 4.45 0.06 TYR 2.17 1.84 0.10 VAL 8.49 8.29 0.06 GLU 3.03 4.1 0.04 GLY 5.86 5.81 0.12 ALA 7.86 8 0.22 ASP 2.44 3.44 0.06 SER 5.86 5.78 0.11

[0039] Arginine is classified as an essential or conditionally essential amino acid depending on the individual's developmental stage, function, and health status. In terrestrial mammals, it plays a diverse role, acting as a precursor to several important compounds, including proteins, nitric oxide, urea, polyamines, and creatine. Arginine also helps prevent heat-related deaths and plays a role in the treatment of diseases requiring vasodilation. In heat-stressed mice, the addition of L-arginine to the diet significantly reduced the expression of the protein hsp70 in the liver. In the present study, arginine levels in liver tissue decreased by 1.18-fold during heat exposure from the hot spring.

[0040] Histidine, another important amino acid, is involved in tissue growth, repair, and protein interactions, as well as immune functions such as cell adhesion and migration. Histidine concentrations in fish increase significantly before spawning migration, and various environmental and endocrine factors can influence their metabolism. During thermal stress in the present study, histidine was found to play a key role in physiological and immunological processes.

[0041] Isoleucine, a branched-chain amino acid, is essential for muscle growth and development. It has been shown to be beneficial for patients with chronic kidney failure, while leucine has the unique ability to stimulate muscle protein synthesis, especially during stressful conditions such as trauma or burns. Leucine can reduce muscle tissue breakdown by enhancing protein synthesis.

[0042] Glycine, which plays a role in metabolic control, antioxidant activity, and the prevention of tissue damage, was upregulated in heat-tolerant fish exposed to heat stress. Glycine concentrations increased 1.25-fold in the muscle and 1.64-fold in the liver of hot spring fish, indicating its importance in the mechanism of heat tolerance.

[0043] Overall, significant changes in histidine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, and lysine contents were observed in hot spring fish, indicating a clear metabolic adaptation of the amino acid metabolome, likely influenced by natural selection to enhance survival in extreme environments. In previous studies, Channa striatus fish from hot spring waters exhibited higher levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids at elevated temperatures, along with an increase in saturated fatty acids, palmitic acid, and stearic acid in the liver and muscle. These findings suggest that the inclusion of certain amino acids in the diet of aquaculture fish may help mitigate the effects of heat stress.

[0044] The drawings and the foregoing description provide examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will recognize that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be separated into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment. For example, orders of the processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Furthermore, the actions of any flowchart need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all actions necessarily need to be performed. Also, those actions that are not dependent on other actions may be performed in parallel with the other actions. The scope of the embodiments is in no way limited by these specific examples.Numerous variations, whether explicitly stated in the specification or not, such as differences in structure, dimensions, and use of materials, are possible. The scope of the embodiments is at least as broad as indicated in the following claims.

[0045] Advantages, other benefits, and solutions to problems have been described above with reference to specific embodiments. However, the advantages, benefits, solutions to problems, and any components that may cause an advantage or solution to occur or become more apparent are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature or component of any or all of the claims. REFERENCES 100 A system for producing fish feed based on metabolomic responses to high temperature stress. 102 Tissue sampling unit 104 Amino Acid Analysis Module 104a Calibrated sensors 106 Fatty acid profiling device 106a Specific detection mechanisms 108 Thermal Reaction Analysis Unit 108a Temperature-controlled chambers 110 Metabolome Assessment System 112 Feed Formulation Unit 112a Precision dosing mechanisms 114 Feed production assembly 114a Quality control sensors

Claims

[1] A system for producing designer fish feed based on metabolomic responses to high temperature stress, comprising: a tissue extraction unit (102) configured to isolate liver and muscle tissue from heat-adapted Channa striatus samples obtained from hot spring drainage areas; an amino acid analysis module (104) equipped to analyze and quantify specific amino acid profiles in the extracted tissues, the module being configured to detect and measure histidine, isoleucine, leucine, glycine, and lysine levels; a fatty acid profiling device (106) configured to determine the fatty acid composition in the extracted tissues, including detection mechanisms for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA); a thermal response analysis unit (108) configured to measure and correlate fatty acid modifications at elevated temperatures; a metabolome assessment system (110) configured to analyze metabolic adaptations in amino acid and fatty acid profiles under heat stress conditions; a feed formulation unit (112) for incorporating the identified amino acids and fatty acids in specific proportions based on the results of the metabolomic analysis; and a feed production assembly (114) configured to produce fish feed containing the formulated amino acid and fatty acid compositions. [2] The system of claim 1, wherein the tissue sampling unit (102) comprises special tools for maintaining tissue integrity during isolation of samples from hot spring water. [3] The system of claim 1, wherein the amino acid analysis module (104) comprises calibrated sensors (104a) for accurately quantifying the individual amino acid concentrations in the tissue samples. [4] The system of claim 1, wherein the fatty acid profiling device (106) comprises specific recognition mechanisms (106a) for saturated fatty acids (SFAs), palmitic acid, and stearic acid. [5] The system of claim 1, wherein the thermal response analysis unit (108) comprises temperature-controlled chambers (108a) for simulating various thermal stress conditions, wherein the thermal response analysis revealed that the trans fatty acid content of 18:1 was higher when the fish was exposed to 36°C. [6] The system of claim 1, wherein the feed formulation unit (112) comprises precision dosing mechanisms (112a) for accurately incorporating specific amino acids and fatty acids. [7] The system of claim 1, wherein the feed production unit (114) comprises quality control sensors (114a) to verify the incorporation of formulated compositions into the final feed product.

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