Generator, fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system including the generator, and automobile

Abstract

The present invention provides a generator, including an outer shell, and also including a pipeline passing through the outer shell; in the pipeline, an impeller is provided, and a rotating shaft is provided in the axial direction of the impeller; the rotating shaft axially passes through the pipeline and is rotatably fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell; on the shaft of the rotating shaft, a permanent magnet rotor is fixedly installed symmetrically to the pipeline; on the inner wall of the outer shell, a stator core matching its shell profile is attached, and the stator core is embedded with a winding coil. Correspondingly, a fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system and a car including the generator are also provided. When the generator is installed in the hydrogen pipeline, the rotation of the impeller can relieve the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen, thereby eliminating a pressure relief component. It saves economic and maintenance costs. On the other hand, the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen can also be recovered and converted into electrical energy for use, thereby improving the efficiency of the fuel cell system and reducing energy loss.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a pneumatic permanent magnet generator, a fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system comprising the generator, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As environmental issues are increasingly valued, the country has vigorously developed clean energy, the hydrogen fuel cell industry has developed rapidly, and fuel cell vehicles have gradually entered large-scale demonstration operation. Existing fuel cell vehicles usually use high-pressure carbon fiber hydrogen cylinder groups as hydrogen supply systems. Before hydrogen is filled, it needs to be pressurized, and a large amount of electricity is consumed during the pressurization process. After filling with high-pressure hydrogen, before the hydrogen is used, it needs to go through two stages of decompression to reduce the high-pressure hydrogen to a suitable pressure range before it can enter the battery stack for electrochemical reaction. During the decompression process of ordinary pressure reducing valves, a large amount of pressure energy contained in the high-pressure hydrogen is released, and it is not effectively recycled, resulting in energy waste. Summary of the invention

[0003] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a generator. When the generator is installed in a hydrogen pipeline, the rotation of the impeller can relieve the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen, thereby eliminating a pressure relief component. The number of components in the pipeline is reduced, saving economic and maintenance costs. On the other hand, the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen can also be recovered and converted into electrical energy for use, thereby improving the efficiency of the fuel cell system and reducing energy loss.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the generator includes an outer shell, and also includes a pipeline penetrating the outer shell;

[0005] An impeller is provided in the pipeline, and a rotating shaft is provided in the axial direction of the impeller;

[0006] The rotating shaft axially penetrates the pipeline and is rotatably fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell;

[0007] A permanent magnet rotor is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft symmetrically to the pipeline;

[0008] A stator core matching the shell contour is attached to the inner wall of the outer shell, and a winding coil is embedded in the stator core.

[0009] Wherein, high-pressure quick connectors are respectively connected to the two ports of the pipeline;

[0010] The high-pressure quick connector includes a male connector and / or a female connector.

[0011] As described above, when in use, the pneumatic permanent magnet generator is connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline through the high-pressure quick connector, thereby realizing the quick connection between the pneumatic permanent magnet generator and the hydrogen supply pipeline. Compared with welding or flange connection, the use of high-pressure quick connectors can greatly speed up the installation efficiency of the pneumatic permanent magnet generator.

[0012] Wherein, a fixing bracket is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell, and a circular through hole is provided in the middle of the fixing bracket;

[0013] The two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively connected to a rotating ball bearing, and the rotating ball bearing is embedded in the circular through hole.

[0014] From the above, the use of ball bearings can fix the bearings on the one hand, and minimize the friction when the shaft rotates at high speed, reduce the generation and accumulation of heat, and do not generate any electric sparks.

[0015] Wherein, the surface of the winding coil is covered with a layer of insulating plastic.

[0016] From the above, the insulating plastic can prevent the current of the wound coil from leaking out.

[0017] Wherein, the output end of the winding coil is connected to a rectifier.

[0018] From the above, since the electricity generated by the pneumatic permanent magnet generator is alternating current, it cannot be directly used by electrical equipment such as air compressors, nor can it be directly used to charge lithium batteries. It needs to be rectified by a rectifier first, and the rectifier will rectify and convert the generated alternating current.

[0019] The invention also includes a fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system, including the above-mentioned generator;

[0020] The system includes a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem and a power supply subsystem;

[0021] The hydrogen supply subsystem at least includes the following connected in sequence: a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder group, a pneumatic permanent magnet generator, a pressure reducing valve, and finally connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0022] The air supply subsystem includes at least the following connected in sequence: an air filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, a humidifier, and finally connected to the air inlet of the fuel cell stack;

[0023] The power supply subsystem is derived from the power supply end of the pneumatic permanent magnet generator and includes a rectifier, a lithium battery, and a drive motor which are connected in sequence.

[0024] As mentioned above, the power supply system uses the pneumatic permanent magnet generator to convert the kinetic energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. The rectifier rectifies and converts the AC power generated by the pneumatic permanent magnet generator. The converted DC power is stored in the lithium battery, which can fill the energy demand of the drive motor when the fuel cell system is insufficient.

[0025] Wherein, the lithium battery in the power supply subsystem is also electrically connected to the air compressor in the air supply subsystem;

[0026] The power supply subsystem further includes a heater electrically connected to the lithium battery.

[0027] As mentioned above, the power supply subsystem uses the pneumatic permanent magnet generator to convert the kinetic energy of hydrogen into electrical energy, which can also supply the power demand of the air compressor in the air supply subsystem. In addition, in cold weather, it can power the fuel cell heater to assist the fuel cell to start quickly.

[0028] A hydrogen recovery pipeline is connected between the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack, and a gas-water separator and a hydrogen circulation pump are arranged in sequence in the hydrogen recovery pipeline based on the flow direction of hydrogen.

[0029] As described above, the unreacted hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell stack passes through the gas-water separator to remove excess water, and then is pressurized by the hydrogen circulation pump and returned to the hydrogen inlet, thereby improving the utilization rate of the hydrogen.

[0030] Among them, between the pressure reducing valve and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack in the hydrogen supply subsystem, a filter, a first solenoid valve and a proportional solenoid valve are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the hydrogen.

[0031] From the above, the first solenoid valve is opened, the hydrogen is reduced to a fixed pressure through the pressure reducing valve, the dust and debris in the gas are removed by the filter, and the pressure and flow are adjusted to the appropriate range through the proportional solenoid valve, and finally enters the fuel cell stack in the state most suitable for the reaction.

[0032] Correspondingly, it also includes a car, including the above-mentioned fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system.

[0033] As mentioned above, the car uses the pneumatic permanent magnet generator to convert the kinetic energy of hydrogen into electrical energy. The rectifier rectifies and converts the AC power generated by the pneumatic permanent magnet generator. The converted DC power is stored in the lithium battery, which can fill the energy demand of the fuel cell system when the car is accelerating or climbing a slope, and can also supply the power demand of the air compressor in the air supply subsystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the principle of the fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system;

[0035] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a pneumatic permanent magnet generator;

[0036] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure between the rotating shaft, bearing and fixed bracket. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] See below Figure 1 to Figure 3 The generator, the fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system including the generator and the automobile of the present invention are described in detail.

[0038] like Figure 1 Shown is an overall schematic diagram of the system. The entire system includes a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem and a power supply subsystem, which are represented by a single solid line, a double solid line and a dotted line in the figure respectively. The generator described in this application is a pneumatic permanent magnet generator.

[0039] The working principle of the whole system is as follows: when the fuel cell system is started, the bottle mouth valve of the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group 101 in the hydrogen supply subsystem is automatically opened, and the high-pressure hydrogen released from the high-pressure hydrogen bottle group 101 is driven by the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 to generate AC power for the power supply subsystem. The hydrogen passing through the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 is then processed in a series of ways before reaching the fuel cell stack 107, in which the hydrogen undergoes an electrochemical reaction with the oxygen arriving through the air supply subsystem. In the above process, the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 converts the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen into electrical energy, thereby charging the lithium battery in the power supply subsystem.

[0040] The following combination Figure 2 , 3 Specific instructions: Figure 2 The cross-sectional view of the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 is shown, including an outer shell 1021, and a pipeline 1020 running through the outer shell 1021. High-pressure quick connectors (male and female) are respectively connected to the two ports of the pipeline 1020. When in use, the high-pressure quick connectors are respectively connected to the hydrogen supply pipeline 100, so as to realize the quick connection between the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 and the hydrogen supply pipeline 100. Compared with connection methods such as welding or flanges, the use of high-pressure quick connectors can greatly improve the installation efficiency of the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102. Specifically, in the hydrogen supply pipeline 100, the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 is connected to the main pipeline of the hydrogen outlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder group 101.

[0041] An impeller 1025 is provided in the pipeline 1020 , and a rotating shaft 1022 is provided in the axial direction of the impeller 1025 to penetrate the impeller 1025 . Correspondingly, through holes (not shown) are respectively opened at corresponding positions of the pipeline 1020 , so that the bearing 1022 penetrates the pipeline 1020 .

[0042] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the two ends of the rotating shaft 1022 are rotatably connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 1021 through a rotating ball bearing 10221. In addition, a fixing bracket 1028 is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell 1021. A circular through hole is provided in the middle of the fixing bracket 1028, and the rotating ball bearing 10221 is embedded in the through hole. The fixing bracket 1028 is fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell 1021 by screwing screws into the fixing holes around the fixing bracket 1028.

[0043] On the rotating shaft 1022, a permanent magnet rotor 1027 is fixedly mounted symmetrically to the pipeline 1020. When the high-pressure hydrogen passes through the impeller 1025, the impeller 1025 is driven to rotate at high speed, thereby driving the rotating shaft 1022 to rotate, and finally the two permanent magnet rotors 1027 rotate at high speed along with the rotating shaft 1022.

[0044] The inner wall of the outer shell 1021 is fitted with a stator core 1026 that matches the shell profile. In addition, a winding coil 1023 is also included, which is embedded in the core 1026. The two output ends (positive and negative) of the winding coil 1023 pass through the stator core 1026 and are led out from the outer shell 1021 to connect to the rectifier 201. Optionally, a layer of insulating plastic is covered on the surface of the winding coil 1023 to prevent current leakage.

[0045] As mentioned above, the two permanent magnet rotors 1027 keep rotating at a high speed, so that the directions of the magnetic fields of the two permanent magnet rotors 1027 are constantly changing, and the winding coil 1023 generates current by constantly cutting the magnetic lines of force.

[0046] The present application uses a pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 as the first pressure relief component of high-pressure hydrogen. On the one hand, the high-pressure hydrogen released by the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder group 101 is depressurized, thereby eliminating a pressure relief component (pressure relief valve). The components in the pipeline are reduced, saving (economic, maintenance) costs. On the other hand, the pressure energy of the high-pressure hydrogen can also be recovered and converted into electrical energy for use.

[0047] Taking a set of 4 35MPa-140L carbon fiber hydrogen cylinders as an example, the hydrogen pressure required at the outlet of the first-stage pressure reducing valve is about 1MPa. According to the ideal gas isothermal expansion work formula W=nRTlnV2 / V1, n represents the amount of gas substance, R represents the molar gas constant, T represents the absolute temperature, lnV2 / V1 represents the logarithm of the volume of the gas before and after isothermal expansion, and V1 and V2 represent the volume of the gas before and after isothermal expansion, respectively.

[0048] Using this calculation formula, it is calculated that when theoretical high-pressure hydrogen is isothermally decompressed from 35MPa to 1MPa, under ideal conditions (25°C), the maximum work done by the pressure energy expansion can generate 16kWh of electricity. However, there must be energy loss in the process of converting pressure energy into mechanical energy and then into electrical energy. The energy recovery efficiency is expected to be about 40% to 50%.

[0049] Downstream of the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 in the hydrogen supply pipeline 100, a (primary) pressure reducing valve 103, a filter 104, a first solenoid valve 105 and an electromagnetic proportional valve 106 are sequentially arranged, and then connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 107. The (primary) pressure reducing valve 103 is used to reduce the pressure of the hydrogen to a fixed value, and then pass through the filter 104 to remove impurities such as dust and debris in the gas, and then pass through the electromagnetic proportional valve 106 to adjust the pressure and flow to a suitable range, and finally enter the fuel cell stack 107.

[0050] In addition, the air supply subsystem includes an air supply pipeline 300 and various components arranged in the pipeline. The components include: an air filter 301, an air compressor 302, an intercooler (not shown) and a humidifier 303. The air supply pipeline 300 receives external air, which is first filtered by the air filter 301 and then compressed by the air compressor 302. The compressed air temperature rises to about 120°C-150°C, and then heat is exchanged through the intercooler and cooled to 50°C-60°C. Finally, after being humidified by the humidifier 303, it enters the air inlet of the fuel cell stack 107.

[0051] Preferably, a hydrogen recovery pipeline is included between the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack 107. The unreacted hydrogen discharged from the fuel cell stack 107 passes through a gas-water separator 108 to remove excess water, is pressurized by a hydrogen circulation pump 109, and returns to the hydrogen inlet, thereby improving the utilization rate of the hydrogen.

[0052] After a certain reaction time, when the unreacted hydrogen and oxygen have fully reacted in the fuel cell stack 107 , the purge valve 110 is opened to discharge the residual hydrogen through the hydrogen outlet of the fuel cell stack 107 .

[0053] On the other hand, the second solenoid valve 304 is opened to discharge the residual air through the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 107 .

[0054] The aforementioned rectifier 201 rectifies and converts the alternating current generated by the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102. The converted direct current energy is stored in the lithium battery 202, so as to fill the energy demand when the fuel cell system is insufficient when the vehicle is accelerating or climbing. In the circuit connection of the prior art, the fuel cell stack 107 supplies power to the drive motor 203 through the DC-DC converter 204, and the drive motor 203 works to meet the energy demand of the electric vehicle.

[0055] In this embodiment, the lithium battery 202 is also connected to the driving motor 203 to supply power thereto, thereby filling the energy demand when the fuel cell system is underpowered.

[0056] In addition, direct current can also supply the power demand of the air compressor 302 in the air supply subsystem, and can also power the heater 203 of the fuel cell in cold weather to assist in the rapid start-up of the fuel cell.

[0057] Correspondingly, the present application also provides a vehicle, which is a fuel cell vehicle. The fuel cell vehicle includes the aforementioned fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For example, the hydrogen inlet of the high-pressure hydrogen cylinder group 101 is also connected to a filling port 111 and a one-way valve 112 to facilitate the filling of hydrogen.

[0059] In addition, the pneumatic permanent magnet generator 102 described in the present application is not only applicable to the high-pressure hydrogen supply system of the fuel cell, but it is also not difficult to understand that as long as there is a high-pressure gas decompression process, the device can be used to realize the recovery of decompression energy. In short, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A generator, comprising an outer shell (1021), characterized in that: Also included is a pipeline (1020) penetrating the outer shell (1021); An impeller (1025) is provided in the pipeline (1020), and a rotating shaft (1022) is provided in the axial direction of the impeller (1025); The rotating shaft (1022) axially penetrates the pipeline (1020) and is rotatably fixed to the inner wall of the outer shell (1021); A permanent magnet rotor (1027) is fixedly mounted on the shaft (1022) symmetrically to the pipeline (1020); A stator core (1026) matching the shell profile is attached to the inner wall of the outer shell (1021), and the stator core (1026) is embedded with a winding coil (1023); A fixing bracket (1028) is provided on the inner wall of the outer shell (1021), and a circular through hole is provided in the middle of the fixing bracket (1028); The two ends of the rotating shaft (1022) are respectively connected to a rotating ball bearing (10221), and the rotating ball bearing (10221) is embedded in the circular through hole; The surface of the winding coil (1023) is covered with a layer of insulating plastic; The output end of the winding coil (1023) is connected to a rectifier (201).

2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: High-pressure quick connectors are respectively connected to two ports of the pipeline (1020); The high-pressure quick connector includes a male connector and / or a female connector.

3. A fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system, characterized in that: A generator comprising any one of claims 1 to 2; The system includes a hydrogen supply subsystem, an air supply subsystem and a power supply subsystem; The hydrogen supply subsystem at least comprises the following connected in sequence: a high-pressure hydrogen cylinder group (101), a pneumatic permanent magnet generator, a pressure reducing valve (103), and finally connected to the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (107), wherein a filter (104), a first solenoid valve (105), and a proportional solenoid valve (106) are arranged in sequence along the flow direction of hydrogen between the pressure reducing valve (103) and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (107) in the hydrogen supply subsystem, and a hydrogen recovery pipeline is connected between the hydrogen outlet and the hydrogen inlet of the fuel cell stack (107), and in the hydrogen recovery pipeline, a gas-water separator (108) and a hydrogen circulation pump (109) are arranged in sequence based on the flow direction of hydrogen; The air supply subsystem comprises at least the following connected in sequence: an air filter (301), an air compressor (302), an intercooler, a humidifier (303), and finally connected to an air inlet of a fuel cell stack (107); The power supply subsystem is led out from the power supply end of the pneumatic permanent magnet generator, and comprises a rectifier (201), a lithium battery (202), and a drive motor (203) which are electrically connected in sequence, wherein the lithium battery (202) in the power supply subsystem is also electrically connected to the air compressor (302) in the air supply subsystem; The power supply subsystem further comprises a heater (205) electrically connected to the lithium battery (202).

4. A car, characterized in that: Includes the fuel cell hydrogen energy recovery system as described in claim 3.

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