Polar navigation ship material low temperature environment friction and collision performance test device

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-temperature environment performance test device for a polar navigation ship hull, which comprises a hull low-temperature environment friction and collision control system, a low-temperature collision test module, a low-temperature friction loading module, a low-temperature ice-making module, a low-temperature refrigeration system, and a polar low-temperature environment box. The invention can simulate the polar environment in the laboratory, make different types of polar sea ice, and use different modules on the same device to carry out the friction and wear performance of polar navigation ship materials and ice surfaces at low temperatures, the low-temperature loading service performance of materials, and the icebreaking performance of polar navigation ship models. It provides a platform for the friction and wear performance detection between the hull of polar navigation ships and the polar ice layer, and the low-temperature performance test of polar operating equipment. It also carries out test research on the icebreaking navigation resistance test of ship models in low-temperature ice tanks, the friction and wear performance between ship steel plates and ice layers, the collision test between ship models and icebergs, the ice load on ship models during navigation, and the impact force of the collision process between ship models and icebergs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of low-temperature environment performance testing of polar extremely cold environment materials, and in particular to a low-temperature environment performance testing device for a polar navigating ship hull. Background Art

[0002] As the global greenhouse effect intensifies, the sea ice area in the polar region is rapidly decreasing, and the polar environment is increasingly conducive to the development of shipping and energy development. It is becoming more and more urgent to develop polar navigation and operation ships with good operating performance. The hulls and ship materials of polar navigation ships will be affected by the polar low temperature climate, the friction and collision of the polar ice layer during navigation and icebreaking. The selection of different materials and the design of different hull lines of polar navigation ships will have a great impact on the service performance of polar navigation ships and polar operation equipment.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to conduct low-temperature performance tests on materials used in polar environments, low-temperature sea ice friction and wear performance tests on polar sailing ship materials, and icebreaking performance tests on hull lines before carrying out detailed design and manufacturing. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-temperature environment performance test device for polar navigation ship hulls, which can construct a polar low-temperature environment in a laboratory environment, produce polar sea ice with different properties, and use different modules on the same device to carry out research on the friction and wear performance of polar navigation ship materials and ice surfaces in low-temperature environments, research on the low-temperature loading service performance of materials, and research on icebreaking performance of polar navigation ship models. Providing a polar environment service performance test platform for performance testing of polar operation equipment materials is of great significance for the development of polar navigation ships and the development of polar environment application materials.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a device for testing the low temperature environment performance of a polar navigation ship hull, the device comprising:

[0006] Polar low temperature environment chamber, to carry out hull friction and collision performance tests in polar environment, and to achieve insulation and temperature control in polar low temperature environment;

[0007] A low-temperature collision test module is arranged in the polar low-temperature environment box, and the working environment temperature is controlled by the polar low-temperature environment box; the low-temperature collision test module tests the navigation performance of different hull lines at different speeds in a low-temperature environment, the friction resistance between the hull and the ice layer, and the collision impact load between the hull and icebergs and glaciers at different speeds and temperatures in a polar environment;

[0008] Low-temperature friction loading module applies a set load to the workpiece to be tested, controls the workpiece to be tested to move back and forth on the ice surface at a set speed, and tests the friction and wear performance between the material and the ice surface in a low-temperature environment;

[0009] Low-temperature ice-making module, which prepares experimental seawater according to different seawater component ratios and produces sea ice of different sea areas, thicknesses and hardness according to the set procedures and cooling speeds;

[0010] A low-temperature refrigeration system, connected to the polar low-temperature environment box and the low-temperature ice-making module, adopts cold air circulation and refrigerant flow to achieve a polar low-temperature environment;

[0011] A control system for controlling the low-temperature environment friction and collision performance test of polar voyage ship materials is connected to the low-temperature collision test module, the low-temperature ice-making module and the polar low-temperature environment box; the control system provides an interface to select different measurement programs and modes, monitors parameters such as temperature, load, moving speed, friction force in the polar low-temperature environment and controls them according to the set parameters, records the operating parameters of the equipment and generates corresponding test results.

[0012] Preferably, the polar low temperature environment box is a closed space, and the box body of the low temperature environment box is a foamed polyurethane board splicing structure with heat insulation function, the box body is provided with a double-door with heat insulation function, the upper part of the box body is provided with an upper maintenance and hoisting cover plate, and the box body is provided with a plurality of observation windows with anti-frost function around it;

[0013] The polar low temperature environment box is provided with an illumination device and a camera device, the camera device is connected to the control system, and the control system stores the images taken by the camera device in real time.

[0014] Preferably, the temperature of the low temperature environment box is between 80°C and -80°C, and / or the cooling rate is between 1°C / min and 5°C / min.

[0015] Preferably, the low temperature collision test module comprises:

[0016] A dragging bracket cooperates with the bracket cross arm to fix the low-temperature collision test module;

[0017] A support base, with a heat insulation layer on the outside and a heater installed on the inside; the heater is connected to the control system;

[0018] A winding drum, arranged on the supporting seat;

[0019] A dragging stepper motor is connected to the control system; the dragging stepper motor is connected to the winding drum through a dragging gearbox and a contact plate;

[0020] The towing rope is connected to the test hull by passing through the guide roller; the towing stepper motor drives the towing rope to rotate, and the winding drum winds the towing rope onto the surface of the winding drum;

[0021] A screw rod is arranged on the support seat; the screw rod is connected to the drag stepping motor through a drag gearbox and a contact plate; a slider is arranged on the screw rod;

[0022] A guide rod is arranged on the support seat; the slider reciprocates on the guide rod;

[0023] Two limit switches are arranged on the support seat and are connected to the control system; the two limit switches limit the limit plates on the slider;

[0024] A drag sensor is connected to the drag rope that passes around the guide roller; and the drag sensor is connected to the control system.

[0025] Preferably, the low temperature friction loading module comprises:

[0026] A guide rail seat cooperates with two fixed transverse plates to connect the low-temperature friction loading module; a plurality of guide rail support feet are arranged below the guide rail seat, and a rack is arranged above the guide rail seat;

[0027] A transmission gear, matched with the rack;

[0028] A reciprocating friction loading unit moves at a set speed through the rotation of the transmission gear; a distance measuring and positioning plate is provided on the side of the reciprocating friction loading unit;

[0029] An infrared rangefinder, cooperating with the rangefinder positioning plate to position the reciprocating friction loading unit;

[0030] Anti-collision buffer pads for protecting the low-temperature friction loading module from damage are arranged on both sides along the direction in which the reciprocating friction loading unit moves.

[0031] Preferably, the reciprocating friction loading unit comprises:

[0032] Test piece fixing flange, used for mounting the workpiece to be tested;

[0033] Loading stepper motor to control the loading force of the test workpiece;

[0034] A loading installation base plate is fixed with a loading screw, a loading guide rod, a reciprocating stepping motor, a reciprocating gearbox, and a reciprocating displacement sensor; wherein the loading stepping motor drives the loading synchronous belt and the loading screw to rotate through the loading synchronous belt pulley; the reciprocating displacement sensor monitors the position of the reciprocating friction loading unit; the transmission gear is connected to the reciprocating stepping motor through the reciprocating gear shaft and the reciprocating gearbox, driving the reciprocating friction loading unit to reciprocate;

[0035] A loading crossbeam connected to the loading screw rod, wherein the rotation of the loading screw rod drives the loading crossbeam to move up and down along the loading guide rod;

[0036] A loading fixing plate connected to the loading screw rod;

[0037] A loading displacement sensor connected to the loading beam;

[0038] A loading pressure sensor connected to the loading beam;

[0039] The loading box insulation layer is coated on the outside of the reciprocating friction loading unit to isolate the box of the reciprocating friction loading unit from the low temperature of the polar low temperature environment box; a heating device is installed in the loading box to ensure that the electrical components in the box work normally in a low temperature environment.

[0040] Preferably, the low temperature refrigeration module comprises:

[0041] A low-temperature water tank for storing seawater and serving as an ice-making space is arranged in the polar low-temperature environment box; a refrigerant exchanger and an aeration device are installed inside the low-temperature water tank; wherein the aeration device aerates the seawater in the low-temperature water tank, stirs and mixes the seawater, and controls the temperature of the seawater in the low-temperature water tank;

[0042] The low-temperature refrigeration compression module unit is connected to the refrigerant exchanger through a number of valves, and uses the refrigerant flow in the refrigerant exchanger to cool the seawater in the low-temperature water tank. By controlling the temperature of the refrigerant, the cooling speed of the seawater is controlled; the low-temperature refrigeration compressor unit is connected to the liquid nitrogen inlet through a number of valves to cool and control the temperature in the polar low-temperature environment box;

[0043] The spray device arranged in the polar low temperature environment box is arranged on the upper part of the low temperature water tank, and sprays evenly in the low temperature water tank under the low temperature environment, and makes ice evenly in the low temperature water tank through the low temperature in the polar low temperature environment box;

[0044] A seawater mixing device is connected to the low-temperature water tank; the seawater mixing device is connected to the drain outlet through a valve;

[0045] A circulating water pump connected to the seawater mixing device;

[0046] A filtering device, connected to the circulating water pump and the natural seawater inlet / fresh water inlet respectively;

[0047] A dosing device connected to the seawater mixing device via a valve;

[0048] A cold air circulation system is arranged in the polar low temperature environment box to circulate and control the atmosphere in the polar low temperature environment box; the cold air circulation system is connected to the low temperature refrigeration compression module unit;

[0049] A cold air atmosphere exchanger is arranged in the polar low temperature environment box; the cold air atmosphere exchanger is connected to the low temperature refrigeration compression module unit.

[0050] Preferably, when the low-temperature refrigeration system starts to cool down, the following process is included:

[0051] S1. Start the power supply, control system, low-temperature refrigeration module, and polar low-temperature environment box;

[0052] S2. Select the polar environment low temperature refrigeration module control program in the control software interface of the control system, and set the temperature and speed of the low temperature refrigeration;

[0053] S3, turn on the low-temperature refrigeration compression module unit and preheat it. If liquid nitrogen is needed for auxiliary cooling, connect the liquid nitrogen inlet to an external liquid nitrogen cooling source for rapid cooling;

[0054] S4. Set the water inlet speed and salinity requirements of seawater and fresh water in the control system, open the natural seawater inlet and the fresh water inlet, and let the mixed water enter the seawater mixing device after passing through the filtering device and the circulating water pump. Set the agent to be added to the seawater and the set dosage in the dosing device, mix the agent into the seawater mixing device, inject the configured seawater into the low-temperature water tank, and use the refrigerant exchanger in the low-temperature water tank to cool the seawater;

[0055] S5, turning on the aeration device to stir and mix the seawater, and turning on the spray device to spray;

[0056] S6. Cooling the air in the polar low temperature environment box using a cold air atmosphere exchanger and a cold air circulation system;

[0057] S7. When the seawater or sea ice in the low-temperature water tank reaches the test requirements, stop the spray device and aeration device.

[0058] Preferably, when performing a low temperature collision test, the following process is included:

[0059] T1. Select the polar navigation ship material low temperature collision test module control program in the control software interface of the control system to ensure that the seawater or sea ice in the low temperature water tank meets the test requirements;

[0060] T2. Install the workpiece or test hull to the towing sensor. When testing in an ultra-low temperature environment, the heater needs to be turned on to ensure the normal operation of the electrical components in the insulation layer.

[0061] T3, reverse the drag stepper motor, drive the drag gearbox and winding drum to reverse, and move the drag rope along the guide roller to the set position;

[0062] T4. Set the acceleration and number of rotations of the towing stepper motor in the control system, start the towing stepper motor to drive the towing rope, towing sensor and test hull to move. When the test hull reaches the set acceleration, the towing sensor is automatically separated from the towing hull, and the test hull rubs and collides with the ice layer, glacier or set obstacles under the action of inertia.

[0063] Preferably, when conducting a low temperature friction loading test, the following process is included:

[0064] P1. Select the low-temperature friction loading module control program for polar navigation ship materials in the control software interface of the control system to ensure that the seawater or sea ice in the low-temperature water tank meets the test requirements;

[0065] P2. Install the workpiece to be tested onto the test piece fixing flange on the reciprocating friction loading unit. Turn on the heating device during ultra-low temperature testing to ensure the normal operation of the electrical components in the thermal insulation layer.

[0066] P3, setting the reciprocating stroke, moving speed and axial loading force of the reciprocating friction loading unit in the control system;

[0067] P4, the loading stepper motor starts, driving the loading screw, loading synchronous belt, loading synchronous pulley, and loading beam to move;

[0068] P5, the loading pressure sensor feeds back the measured loading pressure to the control system until the loading force reaches the set requirement;

[0069] P6. The control system monitors the measurement value of the reciprocating displacement sensor, obtains the position of the reciprocating friction loading unit, controls the speed and forward and reverse rotation of the reciprocating stepper motor, and the reciprocating stepper motor drives the reciprocating gearbox, the reciprocating gear shaft, and the transmission gear to reciprocate along the rack, thereby driving the workpiece to be tested to reciprocate on the sea ice surface under the action of the loading pressure;

[0070] P7. The control system monitors the time, load and speed of the reciprocating friction between the workpiece to be tested and the sea ice. When the test parameters reach the set requirements, the movement is stopped and all test parameters are recorded and stored.

[0071] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention can simulate the polar environment in the laboratory through the experimental platform, produce different types of ice layers, and measure the ice load on the ship model during navigation and the impact force between the ship model and the iceberg during the installation process by controlling the moving speed of the proportionally reduced ship model, so as to simulate the navigation environment of the polar icebreaker ship to the greatest extent; the present invention provides a professional test platform for the hull line design of polar navigation ships and the performance test and selection of low-temperature resistant materials for polar operating equipment; and can conveniently construct a low-temperature environment in the laboratory to test the low-temperature navigation performance of polar navigation ships, which is of great significance to the development of polar navigation ships. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0072] Figure 1 The overall schematic diagram of the low-temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 2 A schematic structural diagram of a low-temperature collision test module of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the low temperature friction loading module of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the reciprocating friction loading unit of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a low temperature refrigeration module of the present invention;

[0077] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the control system functional modules of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] The present invention provides a device for testing the friction and collision performance of polar navigation ship materials in a low-temperature environment. In order to make the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention will be described in more detail below based on the preferred implementation and with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings, the same figure marks identify the same or similar elements. The accompanying drawings are schematic diagrams of various embodiments of the present invention. The elements shown in the accompanying drawings are not necessarily shown in true proportion. On the contrary, the various elements shown in the accompanying drawings are reproduced in a manner that is clear and understandable to those skilled in the art in terms of their functions and purposes. The present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementations.

[0079] like Figure 1 and Figure 6 As shown in combination, the low-temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials of the present invention includes: a low-temperature collision testing module 1, a low-temperature friction loading module 2, a low-temperature ice making module 3, a low-temperature refrigeration system 4, a polar low-temperature environment box 5 and a control system 6.

[0080] The low-temperature collision test module 1 is used to test the navigation performance of different hull lines at different speeds and the friction resistance between the hull and the ice layer in a low-temperature environment; and to test the collision impact load between the hull and icebergs and glaciers at different speeds and temperatures in a polar environment.

[0081] The low-temperature friction loading module 2 is used to apply a set load on the workpiece to be tested, control the workpiece to be tested to move back and forth on the ice surface at a set speed, and test the friction and wear performance between the material and the ice surface in a low-temperature environment.

[0082] The low-temperature ice-making module 3 is used to prepare experimental seawater according to different seawater component ratios, and to produce sea ice of different sea areas, different thicknesses and different hardnesses according to the set program and cooling speed.

[0083] The low-temperature refrigeration system 4 is connected to the polar low-temperature environment box 5 and the low-temperature ice-making module 3, and adopts cold air circulation and refrigerant flow to achieve a polar low-temperature environment.

[0084] The polar low temperature environment box 5 is used to carry out the ship hull friction and collision performance test in the polar environment, and realize the insulation and temperature control of the polar low temperature environment. The low temperature collision test module 1 is installed in the polar low temperature environment box 5, and its working environment temperature is controlled by the polar low temperature environment box 5.

[0085] The polar low temperature environment box 5 is a closed space and is the main place for testing the low temperature environment friction and collision performance of polar navigation ship materials; the box body of the low temperature environment box 5 is a spliced ​​structure of foamed polyurethane boards with thermal insulation functions; the box body is provided with a double-door with thermal insulation function, the upper part of the box body is provided with an upper maintenance and lifting cover plate, and the box body is provided with a number of observation windows with anti-frost function around the box body. The thickness of the foamed polyurethane board includes but is not limited to 100mm~200mm.

[0086] The control system 6 is a control system for testing the low-temperature friction and collision performance of polar navigation ship materials, and is connected to the low-temperature collision test module 1, the low-temperature ice making module 3 and the polar low-temperature environment box 5. Figure 6 As shown, the control system 6 can be used to control the low temperature environment control system of polar ship materials, the low temperature collision test module of polar ship, the low temperature friction loading module of polar ship, the system parameter setting module, and the data recording and output system. The control system 6 is used to provide an interface to select different measurement programs and modes, monitor the temperature, load, moving speed, friction and other parameters in the polar low temperature environment and control them according to the set parameters, record the operating parameters of the equipment and generate corresponding test results.

[0087] The polar low temperature environment box 5 is provided with a lighting device and a camera device; the camera device is connected to the control system 6, and the control system 6 stores the images taken by the camera device in real time.

[0088] The present invention can test the collision, friction, ice breaking and navigation performance between materials and sea ice and seawater in the range of -80°C to 80°C. Specifically, under the control of the control system 6, the low temperature refrigeration module 3 can change the temperature of the polar low temperature environment box 5 between 80°C and -80°C and the cooling rate between 1°C / min and 5°C / min.

[0089] The polar navigation ship materials include hull and equipment materials for polar navigation ships, a scaled hull model according to the polar navigation ship design hull, a partial hull structure made according to the polar navigation ship hull design surface, and materials intended for polar operation equipment. The present invention can carry out collision, friction, and icebreaking performance tests between polar navigation ship materials and polar sea ice under different parameters on the same platform.

[0090] like Figure 2 As shown, the low-temperature collision test module 1 includes: a towing bracket 105, a bracket cross arm 110, a towing stepper motor 115, a towing gearbox 120, a contact plate 125, a support seat 130, a towing rope 135, a winding drum 140, a guide rod 155, a screw rod 165, a first limit switch 175, a second limit switch 180, a guide roller 185, a towing sensor 190 and a test hull 195.

[0091] The dragging bracket 105 and the bracket cross arm 110 are used to fix the low-temperature collision test module 1 .

[0092] The dragging stepper motor 115 is used to drive the dragging rope 135 to rotate, and the dragging stepper motor 115 is connected to the winding drum 140 and the lead screw 165 through the dragging gearbox 120 and the contact plate 125. The speed of the dragging stepper motor 115 does not exceed 3000 rpm, the power includes but is not limited to 0.5 ~ 15KW, and the speed ratio of the dragging gearbox 120 includes but is not limited to 1:5 ~ 1:80.

[0093] The winding drum 140 is installed on the support seat 130, and the towing rope 135 can be orderly wound on the surface of the winding drum 140. The towing rope 135 passes around the guide roller 185 and is connected to the towing sensor 190 and the test hull 195.

[0094] The lead screw 165 is provided with a slider 150, which can simultaneously reciprocate on the guide rod 155. The slider 150 is provided with a limit plate 170, and the position of the limit plate 170 is limited by a first limit switch 175 and a second limit switch 180. The lead screw 165, the guide rod 155, the first limit switch 175 and the second limit switch 180 are all provided on the support seat 130.

[0095] The support base 130 is provided with a heat insulating layer 145 on the outside and a heater 160 on the inside.

[0096] The dragging stepping motor 115 , the heater 160 , the first limit switch 175 , the second limit switch 180 , and the dragging sensor 190 are connected to and controlled by the control system 6 .

[0097] like Figure 3 As shown, the low-temperature friction loading module 2 includes: an infrared rangefinder 202 , a reciprocating friction loading unit 208 , a transmission gear 206 , a first fixed horizontal plate 201 , a second fixed horizontal plate 210 , a guide rail seat 203 and an anti-collision buffer pad 209 .

[0098] Among them, the first fixed transverse plate 201, the second fixed transverse plate 210 and the guide rail seat 203 are used to connect the low-temperature friction loading module 2. A plurality of guide rail support feet 205 are installed below the guide rail seat 203, and a rack 204 is installed on it. The rack 204 cooperates with the transmission gear 206, and the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 can be driven to move at a set speed (also called a mobile loading unit) through the rotation of the transmission gear 206. In order to measure the displacement of the mobile loading unit, a ranging positioning plate 207 is installed on the side of the mobile loading unit, which can be combined with the infrared rangefinder 202 to realize the positioning of the mobile loading unit. The anti-collision buffer pad 209 is arranged on both sides along the direction of movement of the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 to protect the low-temperature friction loading module 2 from damage.

[0099] like Figure 4 As shown, the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 includes: a loading guide rod 220, a loading displacement sensor 221, a loading screw 223, a loading beam 224, a synchronous belt tensioner 225, a loading synchronous belt 226, a loading synchronous belt pulley 227, a loading fixed plate 228, a reciprocating stepper motor 229, a loading stepper motor 230, a loading pressure sensor 231, a reciprocating displacement sensor 232, a reciprocating gearbox 233, a reciprocating gear shaft 234 and a loading mounting base plate 235.

[0100] The loading stepper motor 230 is used to control the loading force of the test workpiece, and the loading stepper motor 230 drives the loading synchronous belt 226 and the loading screw 223 to rotate through the loading synchronous belt pulley 227. The synchronous belt tensioning wheel 225 is used to ensure that the loading synchronous belt 226 is tensioned to work normally.

[0101] For example, the power of the loading stepper motor 230 includes but is not limited to 0.5 ~ 10KW.

[0102] The test piece fixing flange 236 on the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 is used to mount the workpiece to be tested.

[0103] The loading screw rod 223 is connected to the loading beam 224 and the loading fixing plate 228 respectively. The rotation of the loading screw rod 223 drives the loading beam 224 to move up and down along the loading guide rod 220 .

[0104] The loading beam 224 is connected to the loading displacement sensor 221 and the loading pressure sensor 231 respectively, and can detect the up and down movement position and loading pressure of the reciprocating friction loading unit and the test piece fixing flange 236 and feed back to the control system 6.

[0105] The transmission gear 206 is connected to the reciprocating stepping motor 229 through the reciprocating gear shaft 234 and the reciprocating gearbox 233, driving the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 to reciprocate. The position of the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 is monitored by the reciprocating displacement sensor 232 and transmitted to the control system 6.

[0106] The loading screw rod 223 , the loading guide rod 220 , the reciprocating stepping motor 229 , the reciprocating gearbox 233 , and the reciprocating displacement sensor 232 are all fixed on the loading mounting base plate 235 .

[0107] For example, the reciprocating stepper motor 229 includes but is not limited to 0.5 ~ 20KW.

[0108] The reciprocating friction loading unit 208 is coated with a loading box insulation layer 222 to isolate the box of the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 from the low temperature of the polar low temperature environment box 5; a heating device is also installed inside the loading box to ensure that the electrical components in the box can work normally in a low temperature environment.

[0109] like Figure 5 As shown, the low-temperature refrigeration module 3 of the polar navigation ship material low-temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device of the present invention includes: a low-temperature water tank 301, a seawater mixing device 305, a dosing device 306, a circulating water pump 307, a filtering device 308, a cold air circulation system 309, a cold air atmosphere exchanger 310 and a low-temperature refrigeration compression module unit 311.

[0110] The low-temperature water tank 301 is used to store seawater and serves as the main space for ice making, and a refrigerant exchanger 302 and an aeration device 304 are installed inside the low-temperature water tank.

[0111] The aeration device 304 can aerate the seawater in the low-temperature water tank 301, stir and mix the seawater, and evenly control the temperature of the seawater in the low-temperature water tank 301. The refrigerant exchanger 302 is connected to the low-temperature refrigeration compression module unit 311 through valves 328, 326, and 325. The refrigerant in the refrigerant exchanger 302 flows to cool the seawater in the low-temperature water tank 301. By controlling the temperature of the refrigerant, the cooling speed of the seawater can be controlled.

[0112] A spray device 303 is installed on the top of the low temperature water tank 301, which can be equipped with sea ice suitable for different low temperature friction and wear experiments. The spray device 303 can spray evenly in the low temperature water tank under low temperature environment, and evenly make ice in the low temperature water tank 301 through the low temperature in the polar low temperature environment box 5.

[0113] Among them, the low-temperature water tank 301 , the refrigerant exchanger 302 , the spray device 303 , the aeration device 304 , the cold air circulation system 309 and the cold air atmosphere exchanger 310 are all installed in the polar low-temperature environment box 5 .

[0114] The low-temperature water tank 301 is connected to the seawater mixing device 305 , the circulating water pump 307 , the filtering device 308 , and the natural seawater inlet 313 / the fresh water inlet 314 in sequence.

[0115] The seawater mixing device 305 is connected to the drain port 312 through a valve 321, and is also connected to the dosing device 306 through a valve 330. The filter device 308 is connected to the fresh water port 314 through a valve 323, and is also connected to the natural seawater port 313 through a valve 322.

[0116] The dosing device 306 can realize the addition of reagents such as ethylene glycol, sea salt, and defoaming agent, and the natural seawater inlet 313 and the fresh water inlet 314 can realize the addition and preparation of seawater in the low-temperature water tank 301.

[0117] The circulating water pump 307 can realize the requirements of adding, supplementing, circulating, and discharging seawater in the low-temperature water tank 301.

[0118] The filter device 308 can be used to filter the seawater entering the low-temperature water tank 301 . The filtering accuracy of the filter device 308 is greater than 10 μm.

[0119] The low-temperature water tank 301 is connected to one end of the control valve 329 , and the other end of the control valve 329 is connected to the circulating water pump 307 and the filtering device 308 . The control valve 329 can work with the circulating water pump 307 and the control valve 321 to drain the seawater in the low-temperature water tank 301 .

[0120] The cold air circulation system 309 is composed of a plurality of circulation fans, which can work normally in the polar low temperature environment box 5 to realize the circulation and control of the atmosphere in the polar low temperature environment box 5 .

[0121] Valves (321, 322, 323, 329, 330, 331) are provided between the modules of the seawater configuration system of the present invention to control the flow and stop of the fluid.

[0122] For example, support legs are installed around the low-temperature water tank 301, and the support legs are connected to the bottom plate of the low-temperature environment box 5 by bolts. The low-temperature water tank is an open water tank 301, and the side wall of the water tank has an inclination of 5° to 15°. The length of the low-temperature water tank 301 includes but is not limited to 1m to 100m, the width includes but is not limited to 0.5m to 50m, the depth includes but is not limited to 0.5m to 5m, and the thickness of the produced sea ice includes but is not limited to 0 to 2.5m.

[0123] The cold air circulation system 309 and the cold air atmosphere exchanger 310 are both connected to the low temperature refrigeration compressor unit 311, and the low temperature refrigeration compressor unit 311 is also connected to the liquid nitrogen inlet 315 through valves 325 and 324, so as to realize cooling and control of the temperature in the polar low temperature environment box 5. The liquid nitrogen inlet 315 can be connected to an external liquid nitrogen inlet to realize cooling and control of the temperature in the low temperature water tank 301 and the polar low temperature environment box 5.

[0124] In addition, the aeration device 304, the spray device 303, the seawater mixing device 305, the dosing device 306, the circulating water pump 307, the filtering device 308, the cold air circulation system 309, the cold air atmosphere exchanger 310, and the low-temperature refrigeration compressor unit 311 are connected to the polar navigation ship material low-temperature environment friction and collision performance test control system 6, which can realize the measurement and control of each module.

[0125] The present invention also provides a working mode of a low temperature environment performance test device for a polar navigation ship hull, which is as follows:

[0126] (I) When the low temperature refrigeration system 4 starts to cool down, the specific operations are as follows:

[0127] S1. First, start the power supply of the test device, the control system 6 and the low-temperature refrigeration module 3 and the polar low-temperature environment box 5.

[0128] S2. Select the polar environment low temperature refrigeration module control program in the control software interface of the control system 6, and set the temperature and speed of the low temperature refrigeration.

[0129] S3, turn on the low temperature refrigeration compression module unit 311 and start preheating. If liquid nitrogen is needed for auxiliary cooling, connect the liquid nitrogen inlet 315 to an external liquid nitrogen cooling source, and open the control valve 324 for rapid cooling.

[0130] S4. The water inlet speed and salinity requirements of seawater and fresh water are set in the control system 6, the natural seawater inlet 314 and the fresh water inlet 313 are opened, the valves 323 and 322 are opened, and the mixed water passes through the filter device 308 and the circulating water pump 307 and enters the seawater mixing device 305. The agent to be added to the seawater and the set dosage are set in the dosing device 306, the agent is mixed into the seawater mixing device 305, the configured seawater is injected into the low-temperature water tank 301, and the seawater is cooled by the refrigerant exchanger 302 in the low-temperature water tank 301.

[0131] S5. According to the sea ice production requirements, the aeration device 304 is turned on to stir and mix the seawater. At the same time, in order to quickly form ice nuclei, the spray device 303 is turned on to perform a spraying action.

[0132] S6. In order to quickly cool down the temperature in the low-temperature environment box 5, the valve 327 can be opened, and the cold air atmosphere exchanger 310 and the cold air circulation system 309 can be used to quickly cool down the air in the polar low-temperature environment box 5.

[0133] S7. When the thickness and performance of the seawater or sea ice in the low-temperature water tank 301 meet the test requirements, the spray device 303 and the aeration device 304 can be stopped to prepare for subsequent testing work.

[0134] (II) When starting the low temperature collision test, the specific operations are as follows:

[0135] T1. Select the polar navigation ship material low temperature collision test module control program in the control software interface of the control system 6 to ensure that the seawater or sea ice in the low temperature water tank 301 meets the test requirements.

[0136] T2. Install the workpiece to be tested or the test hull 195 onto the drag sensor 190. In order to ensure the normal operation of the drag collision test module 1, the heater 160 needs to be turned on during the ultra-low temperature environment test to ensure the normal operation of each electrical component in the insulation layer 145.

[0137] T3, reverse the dragging stepper motor 115, drive the dragging gearbox 120 and the winding drum 140 to reverse, and move the dragging rope 135 along the guide roller 185 to the set position.

[0138] T4. Set the acceleration and number of rotations of the towing stepper motor 115 in the control system 6, start the towing stepper motor 115 to drive the towing rope 135, the towing sensor 190 and the test hull 195 to move. When the test hull 195 reaches the set acceleration, the towing sensor 190 automatically separates from the towing hull 195, and the test hull 195 produces friction and collision with the ice layer, glacier or set obstacles under the action of inertia.

[0139] T5. Perform analysis and testing on the test hull 195 or the test material after the friction collision test.

[0140] (III) When conducting low temperature friction loading test, the specific operation is as follows:

[0141] P1. Select the polar navigation ship material low temperature friction loading module control program in the control software interface of the control system 6 to ensure that the seawater or sea ice in the low temperature water tank 301 meets the test requirements.

[0142] P2. Install the workpiece to be tested onto the test piece fixing flange 236 on the reciprocating friction loading unit 208. In order to ensure the normal operation of the low-temperature collision test module 1, the heater needs to be turned on during the ultra-low temperature environment test to ensure the normal operation of each electrical component in the insulation layer 222.

[0143] P3. Set the reciprocating stroke, movement speed and axial loading force of the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 in the control system 6 .

[0144] P4. The loading stepping motor 230 in the reciprocating friction loading unit 208 is started, driving the loading screw 223, the loading synchronous belt 226, the loading synchronous pulley 227, and the loading beam 224 to move.

[0145] P5. The loading pressure sensor 231 feeds back the measured loading pressure to the control system 6 until the loading force reaches the set requirement.

[0146] P6, control system 6 monitors the measurement value of the reciprocating displacement sensor 232, obtains the position of the reciprocating friction loading unit 208, controls the speed and forward and reverse rotation of the reciprocating stepper motor 229 according to the speed and displacement required by the test program, and the reciprocating stepper motor 229 drives the reciprocating gearbox 233, the reciprocating gear shaft 234, and the transmission gear 206 to reciprocate along the rack 204, thereby driving the workpiece to be tested to perform reciprocating friction on the sea ice surface under the action of the loading pressure.

[0147] P7, control system 6 monitors the time, load and speed of the reciprocating friction between the workpiece to be tested and the sea ice. When the test parameters reach the set requirements, the movement is stopped and all test parameters are recorded and stored.

[0148] In summary, the low-temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar sailing ship materials provided by the present invention can effectively simulate the service environment characteristics of polar sailing ship materials in the polar environment under different temperatures, sea ice properties, and loads, and carry out research on the friction and wear, collision deformation, icebreaking performance, corrosion and wear and other performances of polar sailing ship materials and ship lines under different loads, moving speeds, and low-temperature environments.

[0149] Although the content of the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, it should be appreciated that the above description should not be considered as a limitation of the present invention. After reading the above content, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and substitutions of the present invention will occur. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A test device for the friction and collision performance of polar navigation ship materials in low temperature environments, characterized in that: include: Polar low temperature environment chamber (5), for carrying out hull friction and collision performance tests in polar environments, and achieving heat preservation and temperature control in polar low temperature environments; A low temperature collision test module (1) is arranged in the polar low temperature environment box (5), and the working environment temperature is controlled by the polar low temperature environment box (5); the low temperature collision test module (1) tests the navigation performance of different hull lines at different speeds in a low temperature environment, the friction resistance between the hull and the ice layer, and tests the collision impact load between the hull and the iceberg or glacier at different speeds and at different temperatures in a polar environment. The low temperature collision test module (1) comprises: The dragging bracket (105) cooperates with the bracket cross arm (110) to fix the low-temperature collision test module (1), The support base (130) is provided with a heat insulating layer (145) on the outside and a heater (160) installed on the inside. The heater (160) is connected to the control system (6). The winding drum (140) is arranged on the support seat (130). A dragging stepper motor (115) is connected to the control system (6); the dragging stepper motor (115) is connected to the winding drum (140) via a dragging gearbox (120) and a contact plate (125). The towing rope (135) passes around the guide roller (185) and is connected to the test hull (195); the towing stepping motor (115) drives the towing rope (135) to rotate, and the winding drum (140) winds the towing rope (135) onto the surface of the winding drum (140). A screw rod (165) is arranged on the support seat (130); the screw rod (165) is connected to the drag stepping motor (115) through a drag gearbox (120) and a contact plate (125); a slider (150) is arranged on the screw rod (165). A guide rod (155) is arranged on the support seat (130); the slider (150) reciprocates on the guide rod (155). Two limit switches are arranged on the support seat (130) and are connected to the control system (6); the two limit switches limit the limit plates (170) on the slider (150). A drag sensor (190) connected to the drag rope (135) that passes around the guide roller (185), and the drag sensor (190) is connected to the control system (6); The low-temperature friction loading module (2) applies a set load to the workpiece to be tested, controls the workpiece to be tested to move back and forth on the ice surface at a set speed, and tests the friction and wear performance between the material and the ice surface in a low-temperature environment. The low-temperature friction loading module (2) comprises: The guide rail seat (203) cooperates with the two fixed transverse plates to connect the low-temperature friction loading module (2); a plurality of guide rail support feet (205) are arranged below the guide rail seat (203), and a rack (204) is arranged above the guide rail seat (203). The transmission gear (206) cooperates with the rack (204). A reciprocating friction loading unit (208) is moved at a set speed by the rotation of the transmission gear (206); a distance measuring positioning plate (207) is arranged on the side of the reciprocating friction loading unit (208); the reciprocating friction loading unit (208) comprises: a test piece fixing flange (236) for mounting a workpiece to be tested; a loading stepping motor (230) for controlling the loading force of the test workpiece; a loading mounting base plate (235) on which a loading screw rod (223), a loading guide rod (220), a reciprocating stepping motor (229), a reciprocating gearbox (233), and a reciprocating displacement sensor (232) are fixed; wherein the loading stepping motor (230) drives the loading synchronous belt (226) and the loading screw rod (223) to rotate through the loading synchronous belt pulley (227); the reciprocating displacement sensor (232) monitors the position of the reciprocating friction loading unit (208); the transmission gear (206) is reciprocatingly moved The moving gear shaft (234) and the reciprocating gearbox (233) are connected to the reciprocating stepping motor (229) to drive the reciprocating friction loading unit (208) to move back and forth; the loading beam (224) is connected to the loading screw rod (223), and the rotation of the loading screw rod (223) drives the loading beam (224) to move up and down along the loading guide rod (220); the loading fixing plate (228) is connected to the loading screw rod (223); the loading displacement sensor (221) is connected to the loading beam (224); the loading pressure sensor (231) is connected to the loading beam (224); the loading box insulation layer (222) is coated on the outside of the reciprocating friction loading unit (208) to isolate the box body of the reciprocating friction loading unit (208) from the low temperature of the polar low temperature environment box (5); a heating device is installed in the loading box to ensure that the electrical components in the box body work normally in a low temperature environment; The infrared rangefinder (202) cooperates with the distance measurement positioning plate (207) to position the reciprocating friction loading unit (208). Anti-collision buffer pads (209) for protecting the low-temperature friction loading module (2) from damage, arranged on both sides along the direction in which the reciprocating friction loading unit (208) moves; The low-temperature ice-making module (3) prepares experimental seawater according to different seawater component ratios and produces sea ice of different sea areas, different thicknesses and different hardnesses according to a set program and cooling speed; A low-temperature refrigeration system (4) is connected to the polar low-temperature environment box (5) and the low-temperature ice-making module (3), and uses cold air circulation and refrigerant flow to achieve a polar low-temperature environment; A control system (6) for controlling the low-temperature environment friction and collision performance test of polar navigation ship materials is connected to the low-temperature collision test module (1), the low-temperature ice making module (3) and the polar low-temperature environment box (5); the control system (6) provides an interface for selecting different measurement programs and modes, monitors the temperature, load, moving speed and friction in the polar low-temperature environment and controls them according to the set parameters, records the operating parameters of the equipment and generates corresponding test results.

2. The low temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polar low temperature environment box (5) is a closed space. The box body of the low temperature environment box (5) is a foamed polyurethane board splicing structure with heat insulation function. The box body is provided with a double-leaf door with heat insulation function. The upper part of the box body is provided with an upper maintenance and lifting cover plate. The box body is provided with a plurality of observation windows with anti-frost function around it. The polar low temperature environment box (5) is provided with a lighting device and a camera device inside the box. The camera device is connected to the control system (6). The control system (6) stores the images captured by the camera device in real time.

3. The low temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The temperature of the low temperature environment box (5) is between 80°C and -80°C, and / or the cooling rate is between 1°C / min and 5°C / min.

4. The low temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The low temperature refrigeration module (3) comprises: A low-temperature water tank (301) for storing seawater and serving as an ice-making space is arranged in the polar low-temperature environment box (5); a refrigerant exchanger (302) and an aeration device (304) are installed inside the low-temperature water tank (301); wherein the aeration device (304) aerates the seawater in the low-temperature water tank (301), stirs and mixes the seawater, and controls the temperature of the seawater in the low-temperature water tank (301); The low-temperature refrigeration compression module unit (311) is connected to the refrigerant exchanger (302) through a plurality of valves, and uses the flow of the refrigerant in the refrigerant exchanger (302) to cool the seawater in the low-temperature water tank (301). The cooling rate of the seawater is controlled by controlling the temperature of the refrigerant. The low-temperature refrigeration compressor unit (311) is connected to the liquid nitrogen inlet (315) through a plurality of valves to control the cooling of the temperature in the polar low-temperature environment box (5); A spray device (303) is arranged in the polar low temperature environment box (5), and is arranged on the upper part of the low temperature water tank (301), and sprays uniformly in the low temperature water tank (301) under a low temperature environment, so that ice is uniformly made in the low temperature water tank (301) by the low temperature in the polar low temperature environment box (5); A seawater mixing device (305) is connected to the low-temperature water tank (301); the seawater mixing device (305) is connected to a drain port (312) via a valve; A circulating water pump (307) connected to the seawater mixing device (305); A filtering device (308) is connected to the circulating water pump (307), the natural seawater inlet (313), and the fresh water inlet (314) respectively; A dosing device (306) connected to the seawater mixing device (305) via a valve; A cold air circulation system (309) is arranged in the polar low temperature environment box (5) to circulate and control the atmosphere in the polar low temperature environment box (5); the cold air circulation system (309) is connected to the low temperature refrigeration compression module unit (311); A cold air atmosphere exchanger (310) is arranged in the polar low temperature environment box (5); the cold air atmosphere exchanger (310) is connected to the low temperature refrigeration compression module unit (311).

5. The low temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials according to claim 4, characterized in that: When the low temperature refrigeration system (4) starts to cool down, the following process is involved: S1, starting the power supply, the control system (6), the low temperature refrigeration module (3), and the polar low temperature environment box (5); S2, selecting the polar environment low temperature refrigeration module control program in the control software interface of the control system (6), and setting the temperature and speed of the low temperature refrigeration; S3, turning on the low-temperature refrigeration compression module unit (311) and preheating it. If liquid nitrogen is needed for auxiliary cooling, connecting the liquid nitrogen inlet (315) to an external liquid nitrogen cooling source for rapid cooling; S4, setting the water inlet speed and salinity requirements of seawater and fresh water in the control system (6), opening the natural seawater inlet (314) and the fresh water inlet (313), and allowing the mixed water to pass through the filtering device (308) and the circulating water pump (307) and then enter the seawater mixing device (305), setting the agent to be added to the seawater and the set dosage in the dosing device (306), mixing the agent into the seawater mixing device (305), injecting the prepared seawater into the low-temperature water tank (301), and using the refrigerant exchanger (302) in the low-temperature water tank (301) to cool the seawater; S5, turning on the aeration device (304) to stir and mix the seawater, and turning on the spraying device (303) to spray; S6, using a cold air atmosphere exchanger (310) and a cold air circulation system (309) to cool the air in the polar low temperature environment box (5); S7. When the seawater or sea ice in the low-temperature water tank (301) reaches the test requirements, the spray device (303) and the aeration device (304) are stopped.

6. The low temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: When conducting a low temperature crash test, the following process is involved: T1. Selecting the polar navigation ship material low temperature collision test module control program in the control software interface of the control system (6) to ensure that the seawater or sea ice in the low temperature water tank (301) meets the test requirements; T2. Install the workpiece to be tested or the test hull (195) onto the drag sensor (190). When testing in an ultra-low temperature environment, the heater (160) needs to be turned on to ensure the normal operation of the electrical components in the insulation layer (145); T3, reverse the dragging stepping motor (115), drive the dragging gearbox (120) and the winding drum (140) to reverse, and move the dragging rope (135) along the guide roller (185) to a set position; T4. The acceleration and number of rotations of the towing stepper motor (115) are set in the control system (6), and the towing stepper motor (115) is started to drive the towing rope (135), the towing sensor (190) and the test hull (195) to move. When the test hull (195) reaches the set acceleration, the towing sensor (190) and the towing hull (195) are automatically separated, and the test hull (195) produces friction and collision with ice layers, glaciers or set obstacles under the action of inertia.

7. The low temperature environment friction and collision performance testing device for polar navigation ship materials according to claim 5, characterized in that: When conducting a low temperature friction loading test, the following process is involved: P1. Selecting the low temperature friction loading module control program for polar navigation ship materials in the control software interface of the control system (6) to ensure that the seawater or sea ice in the low temperature water tank (301) meets the test requirements; P2. Mount the workpiece to be tested on the test piece fixing flange (236) on the reciprocating friction loading unit (208), and turn on the heating device during the ultra-low temperature environment test to ensure the normal operation of each electrical component in the thermal insulation layer (222); P3, setting the reciprocating stroke, movement speed and axial loading force of the reciprocating friction loading unit (208) in the control system (6); P4, the loading stepper motor (230) is started, driving the loading screw rod (223), the loading synchronous belt (226), the loading synchronous pulley (227), and the loading beam (224) to move; P5, the loading pressure sensor (231) feeds back the measured loading pressure to the control system (6) until the loading force reaches the set requirement; P6, the control system (6) monitors the measured value of the reciprocating displacement sensor (232), obtains the position of the reciprocating friction loading unit (208), controls the speed and forward and reverse rotation of the reciprocating stepping motor (229), and the reciprocating stepping motor (229) drives the reciprocating gearbox (233), the reciprocating gear shaft (234), and the transmission gear (206) to reciprocate along the rack (204), thereby driving the workpiece to be tested to reciprocate and rub on the sea ice surface under the action of the loading pressure; P7. The control system (6) monitors the time, load and speed of the reciprocating friction between the workpiece to be tested and the sea ice. When the test parameters reach the set requirements, the movement is stopped and all the test parameters are recorded and stored.

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