A centering support mechanism, a coupler buffer device using the mechanism, and a centering method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a centering support mechanism, a coupler buffer device and a centering method using the mechanism, and belongs to the technical field of traveling vehicles. The mechanism includes a centering plate forming the swing center of the coupler and a pressure device located on both sides of the extending direction of the coupler, wherein the pressure device forms a cam pair through a roller and a centering recess of the centering plate; the centering recess is adjacent to the small diameter section of the centering plate, and is connected to the large diameter section of the centering plate through a diameter increasing curve; the pressure direction of the pressure device deviates from the swing center of the centering plate toward the large diameter section through the center of the roller falling into the centering recess. The present invention cleverly solves the problems of automatic coupling of vehicles on curved tracks and dislocation of rollers under force by combining a simple and reasonable centering plate profile design with a pressure bias.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a centering support mechanism and a coupler buffer device using the mechanism, and also relates to a corresponding centering method, belonging to the technical field of traveling vehicles. Background Art

[0002] The coupler buffer device is a key component in rail vehicles, which connects vehicles and mitigates impacts. The centering support mechanism fixes the coupler on the longitudinal axis of the vehicle in the horizontal direction through rubber, springs or other elastic elements, and makes the overall vertical height of the coupler consistent in the vertical direction, so that the coupler does not "look up or down" and other phenomena occur, which facilitates the connection of the coupler. The centering support mechanism can also realize the automatic centering function within a certain angle.

[0003] The existing centering support mechanism closest to this application is as follows Figure 1 As shown (see Figure 6 ), comprising a centering plate 3 which is fixedly connected to a mounting seat through a centering mounting plate during installation, and a centering bracket which is hinged between the centering mounting plate and the centering plate 3, one side of which is provided with left and right baffles for restraining the swing of the coupler, and a radial pressure device 1 (pneumatic or mechanical pressure) located on both sides of the extending direction of the coupler, the radial pressure device 1 forms a cam pair through a roller 2 and a centering arc recessed part of the centering plate.

[0004] During operation, when the hook is forced to swing in the horizontal direction, the traction belt centering bracket swings, causing the roller to shift relative to the depression, and the pressure device generates a tendency to return to the bottom of the depression, thereby achieving automatic centering reset. The disadvantage of this existing technology is that it cannot meet the needs of hooking the hook on a curved track section - because at this time, the hook swing angle exceeds the conventional automatic hooking range due to the small bending radius of the track, resulting in the use of a transition hook or manual hooking, which is not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also difficult to operate and has certain risks.

[0005] According to the search, the Chinese patent document with application number 201710871656.4 discloses an automatic coupler centering device and a rail vehicle rescue method, wherein the automatic coupler centering device comprises a cam plate fixedly connected to the coupler buffer housing, the outer peripheral surface of the cam plate is provided with a first notch, a second notch and a third notch, and a cylinder is provided on the outer side of each notch, and the three cylinders are connected to the train air duct through corresponding air supply ducts, and each air supply duct is equipped with a valve, and each valve is controlled by a three-position control switch, so that only one of the three cylinders remains in a ventilated state, thereby solving the technical problem of automatic coupling of the coupler on a small radius curve. However, its structure is relatively complex and inconvenient to control. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to address the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and to provide a device with simple structure and convenient operation, which can properly solve the problem of automatic coupling of vehicles on small-radius curved tracks.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the basic technical scheme of the centering support mechanism of the present invention is: it includes a centering plate forming the swing center of the coupler and a pressure device located on both sides of the extension direction of the coupler, and the pressure device forms a cam pair through a roller and a centering recess of the centering plate; the improvement lies in that the centering recess is adjacent to the small diameter section of the centering plate, and is connected to the large diameter section of the centering plate through a diameter increasing curve; the pressure direction of the pressure device deviates from the swing center of the centering plate toward the large diameter section through the center of the roller falling into the centering recess.

[0008] In particular, the centering depression is a circular arc depression, the pressure-applying device is a pneumatic pressure-applying device, and the diameter-increasing curve may be a diameter-increasing tangent line tangent to the circular arc depression.

[0009] The coupler buffer device using the centering support mechanism of the present invention is as follows: the centering plate is hoisted and fixed under a mounting seat fixedly connected to the vehicle body through a centering mounting plate; a centering bracket that can swing around the swing center of the centering plate is hingedly installed between the centering plate and the centering mounting plate, and pneumatic pressure devices are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the extending direction of the coupler on the centering bracket; the outer end of the pneumatic pressure device is connected to an air pressure source through a hose, and the inner end piston forms a cam pair through a roller and the arc depression of the centering plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the inner sides of the two pneumatic pressure devices of the centering bracket are respectively fixedly connected to the left and right baffles, and the two baffles are respectively fixed on the centering bracket. The lower end of the centering bracket is fixedly connected to the lower support plate of the elastic support through the length adjustment bolt, and the upper end of the elastic support is fixedly connected to the concave sliding block constrained between the two baffles, and the traction rod is clamped in the sliding block.

[0011] Furthermore, the traction rod is mainly composed of a traction shaft at the front end, an elastic body fixed on the traction shaft, and a swing shaft fitted on and axially and radially constrained by the elastic body.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic body is composed of elastic parts clamped at both ends of the swing shaft and lined in the inner hole of the swing shaft.

[0013] Furthermore, the outer side of the swing shaft is constrained in the concave shape of the slider.

[0014] Furthermore, the rear end of the traction rod extends into the hole in the middle of the mounting seat.

[0015] During operation, although the roller is pressed in a direction that deviates from the swing center of the centering plate, the circular arc depression is located in the small diameter section and the torques generated by the two rollers on the swing center of the centering plate are balanced with each other, so there is still a tendency to return to the bottom of the circular arc depression to ensure automatic centering and resetting.

[0016] When the coupler is subjected to horizontal force and the centering bracket drives the pressure device to swing clockwise or counterclockwise (even if the swing angle is large and the roller threshing arc is concave), the centering support mechanism (or centering bracket assembly) will be simultaneously subjected to the force applied by the centering plate to the right roller and the force applied by the centering plate and the centering mounting plate to the centering bracket. Since the centering bracket is nested in the centering plate and the centering mounting plate and can swing, and the pressure applied by the pressure devices on both sides is the same, the roller transferred to the diameter-increasing curve has an increased force arm due to the increased diameter, which will inevitably generate a torque relative to the swing center that is greater than the other roller. As a result, the centering device has a tendency to return to the bottom of the arc depression to ensure automatic centering and resetting.

[0017] When the radius of the curved track is small and the swing angle of the coupler exceeds the conventional automatic coupling range, as long as the pressure devices on both sides are controlled to produce an appropriate pressure difference, the torque generated by the two rollers pressing on the centering plate will lose balance, causing the centering bracket to pull the coupler to deflect as needed until it reaches a certain position so that the clockwise and counterclockwise torques are equal and balanced with each other, and it temporarily stops at this position, thereby meeting the coupling requirements of the curved track section.

[0018] It can be seen that the centering method of the coupler buffer device of the present invention includes:

[0019] When the coupler is in the automatic coupling range, the centering function is enabled and the swing angle adjustment is disabled - the air pressure of the pressure devices on both sides is ensured to be the same, and the two rollers have a tendency to return to the bottom of the arc depression;

[0020] When the coupler is beyond the automatic coupling range, the centering function is disabled and the swing angle adjustment is enabled - the air pressure difference of the pressure devices on both sides is controlled as needed to ensure that the two rollers are respectively paused at the required swing angle positions.

[0021] In summary, the present invention cleverly solves the problems of automatic coupling of vehicles on curved tracks and dislocation of rollers due to force by combining a simple and reasonable centering disc profile design with a biased pressure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments given in the accompanying drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the existing centering support mechanism that is closest to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the centering disc profile curve of an embodiment.

[0026] Figure 4 Is adopted Figure 2A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a coupler buffer device of an embodiment.

[0027] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional decomposition structure.

[0028] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of force analysis of the centering disc in a torsional state according to an embodiment.

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the centering disc profile curve of the second embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] The basic structure of the centering support mechanism of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown (see Figure 3 , Figure 4 ), the central hinged hole of the centering plate 3 forms the swing center O of the coupler, and the pneumatic pressure devices 1 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the coupler extension direction (the horizontal direction through the swing center in the figure), and the piston of the pneumatic pressure device 1 forms a cam pair through the roller 2 and the arc depression of the centering plate 3.

[0032] like Figure 3 As shown, the outer contour of the centering disk 3 has a large diameter section with a radius of Rb corresponding to the space between the two pneumatic pressure devices 1, and a small diameter section with a radius of Ra corresponding to the space outside the two pneumatic pressure devices 1. The arc depression with a radius of R20 is adjacent to the small diameter section of the centering disk 3 (the distance between its center and the center of rotation of the centering disk is L), and is connected to the large diameter section of the centering disk 3 through a tangent line Q of increasing diameter tangent to the arc depression. For reliable centering, the radius R20 of the arc depression can be equal to or less than (preferably slightly less than) the radius Rc of the roller 2. The distance from the bottom of the arc depression to the center of rotation O is slightly less than the radius Ra of the small diameter section, and the connection between the arc depression and the small diameter section, and the connection between the tangent line of increasing diameter and the large diameter section are all formed with a rounded corner r.

[0033] The coupler buffer device using the centering support mechanism of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 4 , Figure 5 As described above, the main assembly relationship is as follows: the centering plate 3 is hoisted and fixed on the centering mounting plate 5, and the centering mounting plate 5 is hoisted and fixed under the mounting seat 6 fixedly connected to the vehicle body. A centering bracket 7 is hingedly mounted between the centering plate 3 and the centering mounting plate 5, which can swing around the swing center O of the centering plate 3. The centering bracket 7 is symmetrically provided with pneumatic pressure devices 1 on both sides of the extension direction of the hook (the horizontal direction through the swing center in the figure). The outer end of the pneumatic pressure device 1 is connected to the air pressure source through a hose, and the piston at the inner end forms a cam pair through the roller 2 and the circular arc depression of the centering plate 3.

[0034] The inner sides of the two pneumatic pressure devices 1 of the centering bracket 7 are respectively connected to the left and right baffles 11, and the two baffles 11 are respectively fixed to the centering bracket 7 by bolts. The lower end of the centering bracket 7 is connected to the lower support plate 13-1 of the elastic support (rubber material) 13 by lengthening bolts, and the upper end of the elastic support 13 is connected to the concave slider 12 constrained between the two baffles 11. The traction rod 8 is clamped in the slider 12. The traction rod 8 is mainly composed of a traction shaft 8-1 at the front end, an elastic body 8-2 fixed on the traction shaft 8-1, and a swing shaft 8-3 that is fitted and axially and radially constrained by the elastic body 8-2. Specifically, the elastic body 8-2 is composed of elastic parts clamped at both ends of the swing shaft 8-3 and lined in the inner hole of the swing shaft 8-3, which can have axial and radial buffering and circumferential damping effects. The locking nut 8-4 plays an axial locking role. The outer side of the swing shaft 3 is constrained in the concave of the slider 12. The rear end of the traction rod 8 extends into the hole in the middle of the mounting seat 6, limiting its movement within a certain range.

[0035] During installation, the coupler part is connected to the traction shaft 8-1 of the traction rod 8 through a retaining ring; at this time, the traction rod can be adjusted vertically by the lengthening bolt at the bottom of the elastic support 13 to adapt to the height of the coupler; in the horizontal direction, the traction rod 8 is swung as appropriate by the centering bracket 7 that can be rotated relative to the mounting seat 6, the centering mounting plate 5, and the centering plate 3 through the baffle 11 to meet the needs of hanging with the coupler.

[0036] The support arm extending downward from the mounting seat 6 of this embodiment is equipped with a horizontal adjustment screw 6-1, and the side of the centering plate 3 facing the support arm is a supporting plane against the adjustment screw 6-1, so the horizontal deviation of the centering plate 3 can be avoided by adjusting the screw 6-1.

[0037] Usually, if Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, when the force-bearing centering bracket of the coupler in the horizontal direction drives the pressure device to swing, the two rollers located near the small-diameter section of the centering plate are under the action of their respective pneumatic pressure devices 1. Even if torque is generated due to the directions of the pressures F1 and F2 not passing through the center of the centering plate's swing, the centering bracket 7 together with the traction rod 8 will maintain an automatic centering and resetting trend because the two reverse torques are balanced with each other.

[0038] Once the coupler is subjected to excessive force in the horizontal direction, causing the roller to slip out of the arc depression and deviate from the center position, one side of the roller will be relatively displaced to the increased diameter tangent segment, such as Figure 6In that case, since the air pressures of the two pressure-applying devices are equal, the torque generated by the force Fright' and the corresponding force arm Lright (deviating from the original action direction by an angle y) of the centering plate on the right roller is greater than the torque generated by the force Fleft' and the corresponding force arm Lleft (deviating from the original action direction by an angle x) on the left roller. Therefore, the centering bracket 7 together with the traction rod 8 still has the tendency for the roller to automatically return to the recess, i.e., the centering function is maintained.

[0039] When the swing angle of the coupler exceeds the conventional automatic coupling range due to the small radius of the curved track, the two disturbed rollers generate torques on the swing center of the centering plate respectively under the action of the pressures F1 and F2 of their respective pneumatic pressure devices 1. At this time, as long as the pressure devices on both sides are controlled to produce an appropriate pressure difference, the torques in the two directions can be unbalanced, causing the centering bracket to pull the coupler to deflect as required until it reaches a certain position, making the clockwise torque Fright'xLright equal to the counterclockwise torque Fleft'xLleft, that is, by applying different air pressures on both sides, the torques of the two rollers are balanced at the required position and temporarily stop at this position, thereby meeting the needs of coupling the curved track section.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] The technical solution of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, except that the outer contour curve of the middle plate 3 is optimized.

[0042] The outer contour of the centering plate 3 of the centering support mechanism is as follows: Figure 7 As shown, like the first embodiment, there is a large diameter section with a radius of Rb between the two pneumatic pressure devices 1 and a small diameter section with a radius of Ra outside the two pneumatic pressure devices 1, as well as an arc depression with a radius of R20. The optimization is that the tangent line Q of the arc depression and the large diameter section of the centering plate 3 is an arc Q' with a radius of RQ (2000mm in this embodiment), and its center is on the force direction line of the pressure device passing through the center of the roller at the centering position. This makes it easier to sense the change in the "diameter increase" of the roller, and then adjust the air pressure to control the centering bracket to pull the car hook as needed, and the processing technology is good.

[0043] In addition, a depression R20' is designed for the lower limit position of the roller located at the small diameter section. The lower limit position corresponds to the upper limit position of the roller on the opposite side, and the upper limit position of the roller can be determined by the intersection of the large diameter section and the arc Q' of the increased diameter. This ensures that the centering process is safe and reliable. The depression can be a V-shaped depression or an arc depression with a radius equal to or slightly smaller than the roller radius.

[0044] In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementations. For example, the diameter increasing curve may also be an involute, an Archimedean spiral, or other quadratic curves such as a hyperbola, an ellipse, a parabola, etc. Any technical solution formed by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A centering support mechanism, comprising a centering plate forming a swing center of a coupler and a pressure device located on both sides of the extending direction of the coupler, wherein the pressure device forms a cam pair through a roller and a centering recess of the centering plate; characterized in that : The centering depression is adjacent to the small diameter section of the centering disk and is connected to the large diameter section of the centering disk through a diameter increasing curve; the pressure direction of the pressure device deviates from the swing center of the centering disk through the center of the roller that falls into the centering depression toward the large diameter section.

2. The centering support mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressure applying device is a pneumatic pressure applying device.

3. The centering support mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The centering depression is a circular arc depression.

4. The centering support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter-increasing curve is a diameter-increasing tangent line tangent to the circular arc depression.

5. The centering support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter-increasing curve is a diameter-increasing arc tangent to the circular arc depression.

6. The centering support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The increasing diameter curve is an involute.

7. The centering support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter increasing curve is an Archimedean spiral.

8. The centering support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter increase curve is a hyperbola.

9. The centering support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter-increasing curve is an elliptical curve.

10. The centering support mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The diameter increasing curve is a parabola.

11. The centering support mechanism according to any one of claims 4 to 10, characterized in that: The small diameter section also has a depression at the lower limit position of the roller.

12. The centering support mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that: The pole position depression is a V-shaped depression.

13. The centering support mechanism according to claim 11, characterized in that: The polar position depression is a circular arc depression.

14. The centering support mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that: The lower limit position corresponds to the upper limit position of the roller on the opposite side, and the upper limit position is determined by the intersection of the large diameter section and the increasing diameter curve.

15. The centering support mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The connection between the circular arc depression and the small diameter section and the connection between the diameter increasing tangent line and the large diameter section are both rounded.

16. A coupler buffer device using the centering support mechanism of claim 15, characterized in that: The centering plate is hoisted and fixed under a mounting seat (6) fixedly connected to the vehicle body through a centering mounting plate (5); a centering bracket (7) is hingedly mounted between the centering plate and the centering mounting plate and can swing around the swing center of the centering plate, and pneumatic pressure devices (1) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the centering bracket in the extension direction of the vehicle coupler; the outer end of the pneumatic pressure device is connected to an air pressure source through a hose, and the inner end piston forms a cam pair through a roller (2) and a circular arc depression of the centering plate.

17. The coupler buffer device according to claim 16, characterized in that: The inner sides of the two pneumatic pressure devices (1) of the centering bracket (7) are respectively connected to the left and right baffles (11), and the two baffles are respectively fixed on the centering bracket. The lower end of the centering bracket is connected to the lower support plate (13-1) of the elastic support (13) through a length adjustment bolt, and the upper end of the elastic support is connected to a concave sliding block (12) constrained between the two baffles. The traction rod (8) is clamped in the sliding block.

18. The coupler buffer device according to claim 17, characterized in that: The traction rod (8) is mainly composed of a traction shaft (8-1) at the front end, an elastic body (8-2) fixed on the traction shaft, and a swing shaft (8-3) fitted on and axially and radially constrained by the elastic body.

19. The coupler buffer device according to claim 18, characterized in that: The elastic body (8-2) is composed of elastic parts clamped at both ends of the swing shaft (8-3) and lined in the inner hole of the swing shaft.

20. The coupler buffer device according to claim 19, characterized in that: The outer side of the swing shaft (8-3) is constrained in the concave shape of the slider (12).

21. The coupler buffer device according to claim 20, characterized in that: The rear end of the traction rod (8) extends into a hole in the middle of the mounting seat (6).

22. A method for centering a coupler buffer device according to claim 20, characterized in that: When the coupler is in the automatic coupling range, the centering function is enabled and the swing angle adjustment is disabled - the air pressure of the pressure devices on both sides is ensured to be the same, and the two rollers have a tendency to return to the bottom of the arc depression; When the coupler is beyond the automatic coupling range, the centering function is disabled and the swing angle adjustment is enabled - the air pressure difference of the pressure devices on both sides is controlled as needed to ensure that the two rollers are respectively paused at the required swing angle positions.

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