An intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads and its process flow

Abstract

An intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads and its process flow overcome the problem that the prior art cannot adapt to the ever-changing product transformation production. The invention is characterized in that a blank workpiece model identification mechanism is installed at the starting end of a machining center unit, a marking machine, an inspection mechanism and an SPC measuring station are installed at the terminal of the machining center unit, a cleaning machine, a measuring machine, a press-fitting machine and an auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism are installed on a PZR material channel, and the process flow includes blank workpiece feeding and blank workpiece model identification, blank workpiece machining into semi-finished workpieces, semi-finished workpiece cleaning, semi-finished workpiece measurement, semi-finished workpiece press-fitting and appearance inspection steps. The beneficial effect is that the mixed-line production of cylinder heads of multiple models is realized by model switching through a quick-change mechanism, and a repeat positioning accuracy of 0.003mm can be achieved. After replacing the sub-plate, the production state can be normally entered without parameter adjustment and compensation, which adapts to the needs of the ever-changing product transformation production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of automated production lines, and in particular relates to an intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads and a process flow thereof. Background Art

[0002] The engine is the heart of the car, and the cylinder head is one of the key parts in the heart. The quality of the cylinder head determines the performance of the engine. In the prior art, most automobile engine cylinder heads are processed by machining center machine tools or special machine tools. In this case, manual loading and unloading is generally adopted. When the cylinder head completes a process in the machining center or special machine tool, it is manually transported to another machine tool or machining center for processing. The transportation efficiency is low, the production cycle is slow, the labor cost is high, and it is easy to cause scratches on the surface of the cylinder head, affecting the surface quality of the cylinder head. Due to the large batch and high precision requirements of the cylinder head, the method of automatic line processing is an option. The automatic line is different from the assembly line. The cylinder head workpiece to be processed does not need to be manually transported to complete the processing of each process. Instead, the control system is used to connect the actions of the machine tools and auxiliary devices of each process, and work automatically according to the prescribed procedures. In recent years, the most widely used for processing cylinder heads is the combined machine tool automatic line, and its conveying forms include ratchet conveying, swing arm conveying and lifting step conveying. These processing automatic lines are all rigid automatic lines, and their main machines are specially designed according to a certain process of the workpiece to be processed. As automobile products are changing and updating quickly, and many varieties of automobiles are springing up, the weakness of rigid automatic lines has become apparent. Their specialization can no longer keep up with the pace of automobile changes. The special machine tools in the automatic lines are gradually replaced by machining center machine tools, and then the flexible processing automatic lines composed of machining center machine tools show higher superiority. The flexibility of automatic lines to adapt to the ever-changing product transformation production has become a popular trend in manufacturing production lines. For example, with truss manipulators for aerial transportation, the grade and level have been further improved. In developed industrial countries such as Europe, the United States, and Japan, agile and flexible production systems composed of high-speed machining centers and truss manipulators have become mainstream products. Truss manipulators transport parts in the air and directly transport the processed parts from one machine tool to another. The manipulators have both inter-process transportation and automatic loading and unloading functions.

[0003] The utility model with application number CN201220585294.5 (announcement number CN202952122U) discloses a "multi-variety flexible aerial robot automatic handling production line for engine cylinder blocks and cylinder heads". The utility model adopts an aerial robot automatic handling production line. After the cylinder blocks and cylinder heads are processed in one process, they need to be transferred to another processing equipment for the next process. Between different processing equipment, a truss and a feeding roller are provided. A truss robot is installed on the truss. The processing equipment is located within the travel of the truss robot, and the end of the feeding roller is located within the travel of the truss robot. The truss robot moves on the truss, and the truss robot operates between different processing equipment to realize automatic handling of the cylinder blocks and cylinder heads. However, the utility model only solves the problem that the cylinder blocks and cylinder heads need to be transferred to the next process after processing one process. The cylinder block and cylinder head are processed in processing equipment, and the truss robot is used to operate between different processing equipment to realize the automatic transportation of the cylinder block and the cylinder head. Specifically, only three truss robots of the same type are used to automatically transport between 1 to 3 vertical machining centers, 2 horizontal machining centers, 2 double-turret combination machine tools, 1 positioning and cleaning mechanism and 5 sampling inspection mechanisms during operation. The process flow is simple, and the sampling inspection mechanisms are all located after the vertical machining center, the horizontal machining center or the double-turret combination machine tool is processed. On the production line, there is a lack of judgment on whether the workpiece models of the blank workpiece, the semi-finished workpiece and the product workpiece meet the system target requirements, and it cannot adapt to the needs of the ever-changing product transformation production. In addition, since the truss robot is used to operate between different processing equipment, the equipment height occupies a large space, the investment cost is high, and it is not convenient for installation and maintenance.

[0004] Generally speaking, the conventional production process of automobile engine cylinder heads is: blank loading → detection → top surface and hole system processing including process positioning hole processing → bottom surface and hole system processing including assembly positioning hole processing → front and rear end surface and hole system processing → intake and exhaust surface and hole system processing → tappet hole, guide valve seat bottom hole processing → intermediate cleaning → valve guide and valve seat press fitting → numbering → appearance inspection and offline.

[0005] The invention with application number CN201510258917.6 (publication number CN106141691B) discloses "a flexible automated production line system for engine cylinder heads". The invention patent includes a rough turning outer circle module, an inner hole boring module, a correction turning module, a fine boring inner hole module, a semi-finishing module, a rough honing module, a fine turning waterway module and a spiral bevel honing module, wherein the rough turning outer circle module, the correction turning module, the semi-finishing module and the fine turning waterway module are located in the same row, the inner hole boring module, the fine boring inner hole module, the rough honing module and the spiral bevel honing module are located in the same row, a transfer area is arranged between the two rows of equipment, an articulated walking robot is arranged next to each processing module, a number of component temporary storage areas are arranged in the transfer area, and a conveying device is arranged between the component temporary storage areas. Firstly, the production line system described in the invention does not conform to the conventional production process of automobile engine cylinder heads. Secondly, after a careful analysis of the description of the invention, it can be seen that the invention is actually just a simple automated production line. One row of equipment in the production line performs four processes of rough turning of the outer circle, correction turning, semi-finishing and fine turning of the waterway, while the other row of equipment performs inner hole boring, fine inner hole boring, rough honing and spiral bevel honing. A transfer area is set between the two rows of equipment, and an articulated walking robot is set next to each processing module. There are several temporary storage areas for parts in the transfer area, and conveying devices are set between the temporary storage areas for parts. The processed parts are transported by the articulated walking robots in the same The processing modules of the series and the processing modules and the component temporary storage area are transferred, and the processed parts are transferred between different component temporary storage areas through the conveying device, so the flexibility of the production line system is obviously insufficient, and its main machine is specially designed according to a certain process of the processed workpiece. In fact, it is still a relatively rigid automatic line. In addition, when the processed parts need to be temporarily reworked, they need to be transferred across the component temporary storage area. The transmission bypass is used for transmission, and the transmission bypass is only set between the fine boring inner hole module and the fine turning waterway module with a high repetition rate. There is no transmission bypass between other processes, and the transmission can only be carried out by relying on the component transfer area, which affects the production rhythm and has low production efficiency. Further analysis of the invention specification shows that the invention's automated production line system lacks the inspection, cleaning and quality analysis in the conventional production process of automobile engine cylinder heads, and lacks the judgment on whether the incoming workpiece models of blank workpieces or semi-finished workpieces and product workpieces meet the system's target requirements, and cannot adapt to the ever-changing product transformation production and product quality assurance. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide an intelligent production line and process flow for automobile engine cylinder heads that conforms to the conventional production process for automobile engine cylinder heads, can adapt to the ever-changing product transformation production and intensive processing, and has intelligent production and quality management.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line of the present invention includes a PZR material channel, a feeding motorized roller channel, a six-axis joint handling robot, a ground rail, a machining center unit, a cache mechanism and a quick change mechanism. The automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line contains 4 machining center units, a blank model recognition mechanism is installed at the starting end of the machining center unit, a marking machine, an inspection mechanism and an SPC measuring station are installed at the terminal of the machining center unit, a cleaning machine, a measuring machine, a press machine and an auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism are installed on the PZR material channel, a six-axis joint waterproof robot is installed in the cleaning machine, a burr grinding mechanism is installed at the feeding end of the cleaning machine, a high-precision six-axis joint robot is installed in the press machine, a cylinder head accessories feeding mechanism is installed on the side of the press machine, and an MES control system is also installed in the automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line;

[0008] The machining center unit contains 5 machining centers, namely, a machining center for the top surface and hole system including process positioning holes, a machining center for the bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes, a machining center for the front and rear end surfaces and hole system, a machining center for the intake surface and hole system and the exhaust surface and hole system, and a machining center for the tappet hole and the guide valve seat bottom hole;

[0009] In the machining center unit, a cache mechanism is installed between every two adjacent machining centers, a common ground rail and two common six-axis joint handling robots are installed between every two machining center units, a common loading motorized roller and blank model recognition mechanism are installed at the starting end of every two machining center units, and a marking machine, a testing mechanism and an SPC measuring station for semi-finished workpiece size detection are installed at the terminal of every two machining center units;

[0010] The PZR channel is composed of a transverse channel consisting of a first transverse channel, a second transverse channel, a third transverse channel and a fourth transverse channel, and a longitudinal channel consisting of a first longitudinal channel, a second longitudinal channel, a third longitudinal channel and a fourth longitudinal channel;

[0011] A first turntable is installed between the feeding motorized roller and the blank model identification mechanism, a second turntable is installed between the inspection mechanism and the SPC measuring station, a third turntable is installed between the first transverse material channel and the first longitudinal material channel and between the first transverse material channel and the second longitudinal material channel, a fourth turntable is installed between the third transverse material channel and the third longitudinal material channel, a fifth turntable is installed between the fourth transverse material channel and the third longitudinal material channel, a sixth turntable is installed between the third transverse material channel and the fourth longitudinal material channel, and a seventh turntable is installed between the fourth transverse material channel and the fourth longitudinal material channel.

[0012] A cleaning machine is installed between the first transverse material channel and the second transverse material channel, a measuring machine is installed between the second transverse material channel and the third longitudinal material channel, press machines are installed on the tracks of the third transverse material channel and the fourth transverse material channel, high-precision six-axis articulated robots are installed in the two press machines, cylinder head accessory feeding mechanisms are installed on the sides of the two press machines, and an auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism is installed at the end of the fourth longitudinal material channel.

[0013] The process flow of the automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line includes the following steps:

[0014] Step 1, cylinder head blank workpiece loading and blank workpiece model identification: In this step, each machining center unit processes the same model of cylinder head, and four machining center units process the same model of cylinder head at the same time. By model switching, every two machining center units can process the same model of cylinder head, and then four machining center units can process two different models of cylinder heads at the same time. By model switching, four machining center units can respectively process four different models of cylinder heads for mixed line production; In this step, the cylinder head blank workpiece is first loaded through the loading motor roller, and the blank workpiece is transported to the blank model identification mechanism to distinguish different models of blank workpieces. By determining whether the blank workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system, the blank workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system is allowed to enter the blank workpiece waiting for processing station, and the blank workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system enters the blank workpiece picking station, thereby ensuring that the model of the blank workpiece entering the blank workpiece waiting for processing station meets the target requirements of the MES system;

[0015] Step 2, the blank workpiece is machined into a semi-finished workpiece. In this step, when the cylinder head blank workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system enters the machining center, each machining center unit completes the machining of the same model of cylinder head blank workpiece in five processes, thereby machining the blank workpiece into a semi-finished workpiece; after the blank workpiece is machined into a semi-finished workpiece, each semi-finished workpiece is marked with a QR code by a marking machine, and then the semi-finished workpieces produced continuously are sampled and fed at a fixed frequency by the inspection mechanism. The system sets 20 pieces as a batch. The 1st to 19th semi-finished workpieces are transported to the burr grinding mechanism for semi-finished workpiece burr grinding to remove the burrs on the edge of the semi-finished workpiece after processing. The 20th semi-finished workpiece is sent to the SPC measuring station for dimensional inspection. If the dimensional inspection fails, the production will be stopped to investigate the cause and handle it. If the dimensional inspection passes, the semi-finished workpiece will be transported to the cleaning and loading station after the workpiece burr is ground;

[0016] In this step, the ground rail enables the six-axis joint handling robot to perform horizontal linear motion, so that the six-axis joint handling robot can grasp the workpiece and transfer it between different processes;

[0017] In this step, a buffer mechanism is installed between every two adjacent machining centers to buffer the workpieces processed by the machining centers;

[0018] Step 3, cleaning of semi-finished workpieces. In this step, firstly, it is determined whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system. If it does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, the system will alarm and remove the semi-finished workpieces that do not meet the target requirements of the MES system, and the semi-finished workpieces that meet the target requirements of the MES system will enter the cleaning machine for cleaning. The cleaning machine automatically executes the CNC program corresponding to the workpiece model according to the determination of whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system to complete the cleaning of semi-finished workpieces of different models;

[0019] Step 4, semi-finished workpiece measurement. In this step, first determine whether the model of the second semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system. If it does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, the system will alarm and remove the semi-finished workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system. The semi-finished workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system enters the measuring machine for semi-finished workpiece measurement. The measuring machine automatically executes the NC program of the corresponding workpiece model according to the determination of whether the model of the second semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system to complete the measurement of semi-finished workpieces of different models and ensure that the key dimensions are 100% qualified. If an unqualified semi-finished workpiece appears, the system will alarm and it is necessary to stop production to investigate the cause and handle it;

[0020] Step 5, press-fitting of semi-finished workpieces. After ensuring that the key dimensions of the semi-finished workpieces are 100% qualified, the semi-finished workpieces are transported to two press-fitting loading stations respectively, and before entering the two press-fitting machines, a third determination is made as to whether the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system. The two press-fitting machines automatically execute the CNC program of the corresponding workpiece model to complete the press-fitting of semi-finished workpieces of different models based on the third determination as to whether the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system. If not, the semi-finished workpiece model is automatically determined to meet the target requirements of the MES system. If the target requirements of the MES system are met, the system will give an alarm and remove the semi-finished workpieces that do not meet the target requirements of the MES system, while the semi-finished workpieces that meet the target requirements of the MES system will enter two press machines respectively. At the same time, the cylinder head assembly parts will also enter the two press machines. After this step, the semi-finished workpieces are pressed into finished workpieces, and then the pressing force and displacement are monitored and judged to see if they meet the preset range requirements. If the pressing force and displacement do not meet the preset range requirements, the material will be shaved and the cause will be checked. If the pressing force and displacement meet the preset range requirements, the next process will be entered;

[0021] In this step, the cylinder head accessory parts are loaded by cylinder head accessory loading mechanisms installed on the sides of the two press machines;

[0022] In this step, the semi-finished workpieces that meet the target requirements of the MES system enter the two press machines respectively through high-precision six-axis articulated robots installed in the two press machines;

[0023] Step 6: Appearance inspection and packaging. In this step, the appearance inspection is completed by manual and auxiliary appearance inspection agencies. The qualified finished workpieces are packaged off the line, and the unqualified workpieces are shaved and the reasons are investigated;

[0024] In this step, the diverting transportation of qualified products off the production line is realized by the sixth turntable installed between the third transverse material channel and the fourth longitudinal material channel and the seventh turntable installed between the fourth transverse material channel and the fourth longitudinal material channel;

[0025] In steps 1 to 6, the production automation management, equipment failure statistical analysis, equipment maintenance plan customization, real-time processing data collection, product quality data statistical analysis, and workpiece processing information and quality information storage and traceability of the automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line are all controlled and realized by the MES control system.

[0026] The machining of the five processes in step 2 are respectively: processing the top surface and hole system including process positioning holes through a top surface and hole system including process positioning holes machining center, processing the bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes through a bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes machining center, processing the front and rear end surfaces and hole system through a front and rear end surface and hole system machining center, processing the intake surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system through a intake surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system machining center, and processing the tappet hole and the guide valve seat bottom hole through a tappet hole and guide valve seat bottom hole machining center; in step 1 and step 2, the model switching is achieved by a quick-change mechanism used in the machining center.

[0027] The quick-change mechanism includes a first L-plate and a second L-plate, a motherboard is fixedly connected to the first L-plate and the second L-plate, quick-change fixture mounting holes are processed at the four corners of the motherboard, and a sub-plate is connected to the motherboard through the quick-change fixture mounting holes processed at the four corners by four quick-change fixtures, and a first locating pin, a second locating pin, a first clamping mechanism, a second clamping mechanism, a third clamping mechanism, a side pushing mechanism, a first side limiting mechanism, a second side limiting mechanism and a lifting pallet required for the same model of cylinder head processing are installed on the sub-plate. When in use, the quick-change mechanism is installed on a machining center of the machining center unit through the first L-plate and the second L-plate, wherein the motherboard is then fixed on the workbench of the machining center, and the sub-plate is used for precise positioning. Different models of workpieces use different sub-plates. When the cylinder head workpiece needs to be changed, the four quick-change fixtures are removed, and the machining center unit can be quickly changed by quickly replacing the sub-plates.

[0028] The quick-change clamp comprises a tension sleeve, a first stepped hole is processed at the center of the tension sleeve, a transitional conical surface is processed between the small hole and the large hole of the first stepped hole, three uniformly distributed steel balls are installed in the first stepped hole, a cylindrical connecting pin with a T-shaped cross section is installed in the first stepped hole, a second stepped hole is processed at the center of the connecting pin, the upper section of the second stepped hole is processed as a threaded hole, a transparent ball groove is radially processed at the position of the steel ball at the lower end of the connecting pin, a vertical tensioning seam is processed on the connecting pin, and a spiral groove for oil-containing lubrication is processed on the outer surface of the connecting pin.

[0029] The steel ball is stuck in the ball groove, and the inner surface of the conical surface of the tensioning sleeve is pressed on the surface of the steel ball. A tensioning screw is installed in the threaded hole of the connecting pin, and the bottom end of the tensioning screw is inserted in the middle of the three steel balls. A hexagonal blind hole is processed on the top of the tensioning screw. When in use, the sub-board and the motherboard on the quick-change mechanism are installed or removed by a hexagonal wrench. By quickly replacing the sub-board, the model switching of the machining center unit can be realized quickly.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) The automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line of the present invention contains 4 machining center units, each of which can process the same type of cylinder head. The 4 machining units can process the same type of cylinder head at the same time. The model can also be switched through a quick-change mechanism to achieve that every 2 machining center units process the same type of cylinder head. The 4 machining units can process 2 different types of cylinder heads at the same time. The model can also be switched through a quick-change mechanism to achieve that the 4 machining units process 4 different types of cylinder heads respectively. Therefore, the intelligent production line of the present invention can realize mixed-line production of multiple types of cylinder heads through model switching of a quick-change mechanism, which meets the needs of ever-changing product transformation production;

[0032] (2) The present invention installs a blank model identification mechanism at the starting end of the machining center unit. The blank model identification mechanism contacts the outer surface of the workpiece through its probe. According to the different strokes of the probe contacting the outer surface of the workpiece, the proximity switch generates different signals to distinguish different types of blank workpieces. By determining whether the blank workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system (manufacturing execution management system), only the blank workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system is allowed to enter the blank workpiece waiting processing station, and the blank workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system enters the blank workpiece picking station, thereby ensuring that the blank workpiece model entering the blank workpiece waiting processing station fully meets the target requirements of the MES system;

[0033] (3) The machining center of the present invention has 4 machining center units and can perform mixed material processing, but is only equipped with 1 cleaning machine, 1 measuring machine and 2 press machines. In order to ensure that the cleaning machine, the measuring machine and the press machine automatically execute the numerical control program corresponding to the workpiece model to complete the processing of different models, the present invention performs a first judgment on whether the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system before the semi-finished workpiece enters the cleaning machine, a second judgment on whether the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system before the semi-finished workpiece enters the measuring machine, and a third judgment on whether the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system before the semi-finished workpiece enters the press machine. This enables the cleaning machine, the measuring machine and the press machine to automatically execute the numerical control program corresponding to the workpiece model to complete the processing of different models according to the identification of the workpiece model.

[0034] (4) The present invention installs an MES control system in the production line, which realizes the automated management of production planning, equipment failure statistical analysis, equipment maintenance plan customization, processing real-time data collection, product quality data statistical analysis and workpiece processing information and quality information storage of the production line. In particular, after the blank workpiece is machined into a semi-finished workpiece, a marking machine is used to mark each semi-finished workpiece with a two-dimensional code, so that each workpiece has a unique two-dimensional code. In this way, during the entire process of cylinder head production, all the real-time processing data and dimensional detection data of the production line can be bound one-to-one with the unique two-dimensional code on the workpiece using the MES system, which is convenient for product traceability and production process management and quality analysis and control;

[0035] (5) The present invention comprises four transverse material channels and four longitudinal material channels to form a PZR material channel with an anti-scratch function, and a loading motor roller and a blank model identification mechanism shared by the two processing units are installed at the starting end of every two processing center units. A first turntable is installed between each loading motor roller and the blank model identification mechanism, a second turntable is installed between the inspection mechanism and the SPC measuring station, a third turntable is installed between the first transverse material channel and the first longitudinal material channel and between the first transverse material channel and the second longitudinal material channel, a fourth turntable is installed between the third transverse material channel and the third longitudinal material channel, a fifth turntable is installed between the fourth transverse material channel and the third longitudinal material channel, a sixth turntable is installed between the third transverse material channel and the fourth longitudinal material channel, and a seventh turntable is installed between the fourth transverse material channel and the fourth longitudinal material channel. That is, the present invention realizes the steering and transportation of workpieces through four transverse and four longitudinal material channels and at least seven turntables, thereby making the production line structure layout simpler and more compact and the workpiece transfer more rapid and convenient;

[0036] (6) The present invention adopts three different types of robots, among which a common ground rail and two common six-axis joint handling robots are installed between every two machining center units. The ground rail enables the six-axis joint handling robot to perform horizontal linear motion, thereby realizing the turnover of the six-axis joint handling robot to grab the workpiece between different processes. A cache mechanism is installed between every two adjacent machining centers to cache the workpieces processed by the machining center, so as to facilitate the logical operation of the turnover sequence of the six-axis joint handling robot between each process, thereby saving the workpiece turnover time and improving the efficiency of equipment utilization; a six-axis joint waterproof robot is installed in the cleaning machine, and a high-precision six-axis joint robot is installed in the press machine. Through the work of three different types of robots, the loading, auxiliary processing, unloading and steering of the workpieces in each process are realized, thereby improving the processing efficiency.

[0037] (7) The present invention adopts a quick-change mechanism to quickly switch the cylinder head workpiece model. The quick-change fixture of the quick-change mechanism can quickly replace the sub-plate, realizing the rapid model change production of the machining center unit. The quick-change mechanism can achieve a repeat positioning accuracy of 0.003mm, and after replacing the sub-plate, there is no need to adjust or compensate parameters to enter the production state normally, which provides technical support for adapting to the ever-changing product transformation production and ensuring product quality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the production line layout of the present invention,

[0039] Figure 2 is a process flow chart of the present invention,

[0040] Figure 3 is a three-dimensional diagram of the quick-change mechanism of the present invention,

[0041] Figure 4 2 is a front view of the quick-change mechanism of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A top view of

[0043] Figure 6 is a front view of the quick-change fixture of the present invention,

[0044] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 AA section view,

[0045] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 BB cross-sectional view.

[0046] In the figure:

[0047] 1. Loading motorized roller conveyor,

[0048] 2. Blank model identification mechanism,

[0049] 3. Six-axis joint handling robot,

[0050] 4. Ground rail,

[0051] 5. Machining center unit,

[0052] 5-1. Top surface and hole system including process positioning hole processing center,

[0053] 5-2. Bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning hole processing center,

[0054] 5-3. Front and rear end face and hole processing center,

[0055] 5-4. Inlet surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system processing center,

[0056] 5-5. Processing center for tappet hole and guide valve seat bottom hole,

[0057] 6. Cache mechanism,

[0058] 7. Marking machine,

[0059] 8. Inspection agency,

[0060] 9. SPC measuring station,

[0061] 10-1. First transverse material channel, 10-2. Second transverse material channel,

[0062] 10-3. The third transverse material channel, 10-4. The fourth transverse material channel,

[0063] 10-5. First longitudinal material channel, 10-6. Second longitudinal material channel,

[0064] 10-7. The third longitudinal material channel, 10-8. The fourth longitudinal material channel,

[0065] 11. Burr grinding mechanism, 12. Six-axis joint waterproof robot,

[0066] 13. Cleaning machine,

[0067] 14. Measuring machine,

[0068] 15. Pressing machine,

[0069] 16. High-precision six-axis joint robot,

[0070] 17. Cylinder head parts feeding mechanism,

[0071] 18. Auxiliary appearance inspection agency,

[0072] 19. MES control system

[0073] 20-1. The first rotating table, 20-2. The second rotating table,

[0074] 20-3. The third turntable, 20-4. The fourth turntable,

[0075] 20-5. The fifth turntable, 20-6. The sixth turntable, 20-7. The seventh turntable,

[0076] 21-1. First L plate, 21-2. Second L plate,

[0077] 22. Motherboard,

[0078] 23. Sub-board,

[0079] 24. Quick-change fixture,

[0080] 24-1. Connecting pin,

[0081] 24-1-1.Tightening joint, 24-1-2.Ball groove,

[0082] 24-1-3. Second step hole, 24-1-4. Threaded hole,

[0083] 24-1-5.Spiral groove,

[0084] 24-2. Tension screw, 24-2-1. Hexagon socket blind hole,

[0085] 24-3.Tension sleeve,

[0086] 24-3-1. First step hole, 24-3-2. Conical surface,

[0087] 24-4. Steel ball,

[0088] 25. The first positioning pin,

[0089] 26. Second positioning pin,

[0090] 27-1. The first clamping mechanism, 27-2. The second clamping mechanism,

[0091] 27-3. The third clamping mechanism,

[0092] 28. Side push mechanism,

[0093] 29-1. The first side limiting mechanism, 29-2. The second side limiting mechanism,

[0094] 30. Lifting tray. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0095] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention includes 4 rows, 5 machines in each row, a total of 20 machining centers, each row of 5 machining centers constitutes a machining center unit 5, each machining center unit 5 contains a top surface and hole system including process positioning holes machining center 5-1, a bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes machining center 5-2, front and rear end surface and hole system machining center 5-3, intake surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system machining center 5-4 and tappet hole and guide valve seat bottom hole machining center 5-5, in each machining center unit 5, a cache mechanism 6 is installed between every two adjacent machining centers, a common ground rail 4 and two common six-axis joint handling robots 3 are installed between every two machining center units 5, a loading motor roller 1 and a blank model identification mechanism 2 shared by the two machining units are installed at the starting ends of each two machining center units 5, a first turntable 20-1 is installed between each loading motor roller 1 and the blank model identification mechanism 2, and a buffer mechanism 6 is installed between every two adjacent machining centers. The terminal of each machining center unit 5 is equipped with a marking machine 7, an inspection mechanism 8 and an SPC measuring station 9 for detecting the size of semi-finished workpieces. A second turntable 20-2 is installed between the inspection mechanism 8 and the SPC measuring station 9. The terminals of the four machining center units 5 are equipped with a transverse material channel consisting of a first transverse material channel 10-1, a second transverse material channel 10-2, a third transverse material channel 10-3 and a fourth transverse material channel 10-4, and a longitudinal material channel consisting of a first longitudinal material channel 10-5, a second longitudinal material channel 10-6, a third longitudinal material channel 10-7 and a fourth longitudinal material channel 10-8. The four transverse material channels and the four longitudinal material channels together form a PZR material channel with an anti-scratch function. The PZR material channel is driven by a motor, and every two adjacent rollers are connected by a chain to ensure that all rollers on the PZR material channel rotate synchronously, so that there is no relative sliding between the workpiece and the roller, thereby avoiding scratches on the surface of the processed workpiece;A third turntable 20-3 is installed between the first transverse material channel 10-1 and the first longitudinal material channel 10-5 and between the first transverse material channel 10-1 and the second longitudinal material channel 10-6, a fourth turntable 20-4 is installed between the third transverse material channel 10-3 and the third longitudinal material channel 10-7, a fifth turntable 20-5 is installed between the fourth transverse material channel 10-4 and the third longitudinal material channel 10-7, a sixth turntable 20-6 is installed between the third transverse material channel 10-3 and the fourth longitudinal material channel 10-8, a seventh turntable 20-7 is installed between the first transverse material channel 10-1 and the second transverse material channel 10-1. A cleaning machine 13 is installed between 0-2, a six-axis joint waterproof robot 12 is installed in the cleaning machine 13, a burr grinding mechanism 11 is installed at the feeding end of the cleaning machine, a measuring machine 14 is installed between the second transverse material channel 10-2 and the third longitudinal material channel 10-7, a press machine 15 is installed on the tracks of the third transverse material channel 10-3 and the fourth transverse material channel 10-4, a high-precision six-axis joint robot 16 is installed in the two press machines 15, a cylinder head accessory feeding mechanism 17 is installed on the side of the two press machines 15, an auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism 18 is installed at the end of the fourth longitudinal material channel 10-8, and an MES control system 19 is also installed in the system. ;

[0096] like Figure 2 As shown, the process flow of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0097] Step 1, cylinder head blank workpiece loading and blank workpiece model identification: In this step 1, the cylinder head blank workpiece is first loaded through the loading motor roller 1, and the blank workpiece is conveyed to the blank model identification mechanism 2. The steering transportation of the blank workpiece is realized by the first turntable 20-1 between the loading motor roller 1 and the blank model identification mechanism 2. After the blank workpiece is conveyed to the blank model identification mechanism 2, the blank model identification mechanism 2 contacts the outer surface of the workpiece through its probe. According to the different strokes of the probe contacting the outer surface of the workpiece, the proximity switch generates different signals to distinguish different types of blank workpieces. Whether the model of the blank workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system (manufacturing execution management system) is determined, the blank workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system is allowed to enter the blank workpiece waiting for processing station, and the blank workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system enters the blank workpiece picking station, thereby ensuring that the model of the blank workpiece entering the blank workpiece waiting for processing station meets the target requirements of the MES system;

[0098] In step 1, the loading is realized by a six-axis joint handling robot 3, which is a general transport robot, and cooperates with a special gripper to grasp the rough workpiece and complete the loading of the rough workpiece;

[0099] Step 2, the blank workpiece is machined into a semi-finished workpiece. In this step, when the cylinder head blank workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system enters the machining center, each machining center unit 5 completes five machining processes of the same type of cylinder head blank workpiece, that is, the top surface and hole system including process positioning holes are machined by the top surface and hole system including process positioning holes machining center 5-1, the bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes are machined by the bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes machining center 5-2, the front and rear end surfaces and hole system are machined by the front and rear end surfaces and hole system machining center 5-3, and the intake surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system are machined by the intake surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system machining center 5-4. The tappet hole and the guide valve seat bottom hole are processed by the tappet hole and the guide valve seat bottom hole processing center 5-5, so that the rough workpiece is machined into a semi-finished workpiece; in this step, a processing center unit 5 composed of 5 processing centers in each row can process the same type of cylinder head, and the four processing units can process the same type of cylinder head at the same time, and the model switching can also be used to realize that every 2 processing center units 5 process the same type of cylinder head, then the four processing units can process 2 different types of cylinder heads at the same time, and the model switching can also be used to realize that the four processing units respectively process 4 different types of cylinder heads. Therefore, the intelligent production line of the present invention can realize a mixed line production line of multiple types of cylinder heads;

[0100] After the blank workpiece is machined into a semi-finished workpiece, each semi-finished workpiece is marked with a QR code by a marking machine 7, and the ordinary numbering is replaced by QR code marking, so that each semi-finished workpiece has a unique QR code. In this way, during the entire process of cylinder head production, all real-time processing data and dimensional detection data of the production line can be bound one-to-one with the unique QR code on the workpiece using the MES system, which is convenient for product traceability and production process management and quality analysis and control; then the semi-finished workpieces produced continuously are sampled and fed at a fixed frequency through the inspection mechanism 8. The system sets a batch of 20 pieces. The 1st to 19th semi-finished workpieces are transported to the burr grinding mechanism 11 through the first horizontal material channel 10-1 to grind the burrs of the semi-finished workpieces to remove the burrs on the edge of the semi-finished workpiece after processing. At this time, the semi-finished workpieces are The redirected transportation of the finished workpiece is realized by the third turntable 20-3 between the first transverse material channel 10-1 and the first longitudinal material channel 10-5 and between the first transverse material channel 10-1 and the second longitudinal material channel 10-6 respectively; the 20th semi-finished workpiece is sampled and sent to the SPC measuring station 9 for size inspection. At this time, the redirected transportation of the semi-finished workpiece is realized by the second turntable 20-2 between the inspection mechanism 8 and the SPC measuring station 9. After the semi-finished workpiece enters the SPC measuring station 9 for size inspection, if the size inspection fails, that is, it is found that the size of the semi-finished workpiece deviates or the production line is abnormal, the production will be stopped to investigate the cause and deal with it in order to control the product quality of the production line; if the size inspection is qualified, the semi-finished workpiece will be polished after the burrs are polished, and then the semi-finished workpiece will continue to be transported to the cleaning and loading station by the first transverse material channel 10-1;

[0101] In step 2, the ground rail 4 enables the six-axis joint handling robot 3 to perform horizontal linear motion, thereby realizing the turnover of the six-axis joint handling robot 3 to grasp the workpiece between different processes;

[0102] In step 2, a buffer mechanism 6 is installed between every two adjacent machining centers to buffer the workpieces processed by the machining centers, so as to facilitate the logical operation of the turnover sequence of the six-axis joint handling robot 3 between each process, save the workpiece turnover time, and improve the efficiency of equipment utilization;

[0103] In step 1 and step 2, the model switching is achieved by using a quick-change mechanism containing a sub-plate structure in the fixture in the machining center, wherein the sub-plate is used for precise positioning, different models of workpieces use different sub-plates, the motherboard is fixed on the workbench of the machining center, and the sub-plate and the motherboard are connected by a quick-change fixture, thereby achieving rapid model switching, and no parameter adjustment is required after each model change to ensure product quality requirements;

[0104] Step 3, cleaning of semi-finished workpieces. In this step, since the machining center has four machining center units 5 and can perform mixed material processing, and there is only one cleaning machine 13, it is necessary to determine whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system before entering the cleaning machine 13. If it does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, the system will alarm and remove the semi-finished workpieces that do not meet the target requirements of the MES system, and the semi-finished workpieces that meet the target requirements of the MES system will enter the cleaning machine 13 for cleaning of the semi-finished workpieces. The cleaning machine 13 automatically executes the CNC program corresponding to the workpiece model according to the determination of whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system for the first time to complete the cleaning of semi-finished workpieces of different models. At this time, the steering transportation of the semi-finished workpiece is automatically realized by the operation of the six-axis joint waterproof robot 12 installed in the cleaning machine 13;

[0105] Step 4, semi-finished workpiece measurement. In this step, the semi-finished workpiece that has been cleaned is transported to the measuring machine loading station through the second transverse material channel 10-2. Because the machining center has 4 machining center units 5 and can perform mixed material processing, and there is only one measuring machine 14, before entering the measuring machine 14, a second determination is made as to whether the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system. If it does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, the system will alarm and remove the semi-finished workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, and the semi-finished workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system will enter the measuring machine 14 for semi-finished workpiece measurement. The measuring machine 14 automatically executes the CNC program corresponding to the workpiece model according to the second determination of whether the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system to complete the measurement of semi-finished workpieces of different models, and ensures that the key dimensions are 100% qualified. If an unqualified semi-finished workpiece appears, the system will alarm, and it is necessary to stop production to investigate the cause and handle it;

[0106] Step 5, press-fitting of semi-finished workpieces. After ensuring that the key dimensions of the semi-finished workpieces are 100% qualified, the semi-finished workpieces will be transported to two press-fitting loading stations through the third longitudinal material channel 10-7 and the third transverse material channel 10-3 and the third longitudinal material channel 10-7 and the fourth transverse material channel 10-4 respectively. At this time, the steering transportation of the semi-finished workpieces is achieved through the fourth turntable 20-4 between the third transverse material channel 10-3 and the third longitudinal material channel 10-7 and the fifth turntable 20-5 between the fourth transverse material channel 10-4 and the third longitudinal material channel 10-7; similarly, since the machining center has 4 machining center units 5 and can perform mixed material processing, and there are only 2 press-fitting machines 15, before entering the two press-fitting machines 15, a third judgment must be made as to whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system. The two press-fitting machines 15 will be based on the third judgment. The determination of whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system automatically executes the CNC program of the corresponding workpiece model to complete the press-fitting of semi-finished workpieces of different models. The determination of whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system is made for the third time. If it does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, the system will alarm and remove the semi-finished workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, and the semi-finished workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system will enter two press-fitting machines 15 respectively. At the same time, the cylinder head assembly parts also enter the press-fitting machine 15. After step 5, the semi-finished workpiece is press-fitted into a finished workpiece, and then the press-fitting force and displacement are monitored and judged to meet the preset range requirements. If the press-fitting force and displacement do not meet the preset range requirements, the material is shaved and the cause is checked. If the press-fitting force and displacement meet the preset range requirements, the next process is entered.

[0107] In step 5, the cylinder head accessory parts are loaded by cylinder head accessory loading mechanisms 17 installed on the sides of the two press machines 15;

[0108] In step 5, the semi-finished workpieces that meet the target requirements of the MES system enter the two press machines 15 respectively through the high-precision six-axis articulated robots 16 installed in the two press machines 15 respectively;

[0109] Step 6, appearance inspection and packaging. In this step, the appearance inspection is completed by manual and auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism 18. The qualified finished workpieces are packaged, and the unqualified workpieces are shaved and the reasons are investigated.

[0110] In step 6, the diverted transportation of the qualified products off the line is realized by the sixth turntable 20-6 installed between the third transverse material channel 10-3 and the fourth longitudinal material channel 10-8 and the seventh turntable 20-7 installed between the fourth transverse material channel 10-4 and the fourth longitudinal material channel 10-8;

[0111] In steps 1 to 6, the production automation management of the intelligent production line, equipment failure statistical analysis, equipment maintenance plan customization, real-time processing data collection, product quality data statistical analysis, and workpiece processing information and quality information storage and traceability are all controlled and implemented by the MES control system 19.

[0112] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the quick-change mechanism used in the present invention includes a first L-plate 21-1 and a second L-plate 21-2, a mother plate 22 is fixedly connected to the first L-plate 21-1 and the second L-plate 21-2, and quick-change fixture mounting holes are processed at the four corners of the mother plate 22. A sub-plate 23 is connected to the mother plate 22 through the quick-change fixture mounting holes processed at the four corners with four quick-change fixtures 24, and a first positioning pin 25, a second positioning pin 26, a first clamping mechanism 27-1, a second clamping mechanism 27-2, a third clamping mechanism 27-3, a side pushing mechanism 28, a first side limiting mechanism 29-1, a second side limiting mechanism 29-2, and a third side limiting mechanism 29-3 are installed on the sub-plate 23. The surface limiting mechanism 29-2 and the lifting tray 30 are used to install the quick-change mechanism on a machining center of the machining center unit 5 through the first L plate 21-1 and the second L plate 21-2, wherein the mother plate 22 is then fixed on the workbench of the machining center, and the sub-plate 23 is used for precise positioning. Different sub-plates are used for workpieces of different models. When the cylinder head workpiece needs to be changed, the four quick-change fixtures 24 are removed, and the machining center unit can be quickly switched by quickly replacing the sub-plate 23. The quick-change mechanism can achieve a repeat positioning accuracy of 0.003mm, and after each change of model, no parameter adjustment and compensation are required to enter the production state normally.

[0113] like Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8As shown, the quick-change clamp 24 of the present invention includes a tension sleeve 24-3, a first stepped hole 24-3-1 is processed at the center of the tension sleeve 24-3, a transitional conical surface 24-3-2 is processed between the small hole and the large hole of the first stepped hole 24-3-1, three uniformly distributed steel balls 24-4 are installed in the first stepped hole 24-3-1, a cylindrical connecting pin 24-1 with a T-shaped cross-section is installed in the first stepped hole 24-3-1, a second stepped hole 24-1-3 is processed at the center of the connecting pin 24-1, the upper section of the second stepped hole 24-1-3 is processed as a threaded hole 24-1-4, a transparent ball groove 24-1-2 is radially processed at the position of the steel ball 24-4 at the lower end of the connecting pin 24-1, and a cylindrical connecting pin 24-1 with a T-shaped cross-section is installed in the first stepped hole 24-3-1. A vertical tensioning seam 24-1-1 is machined on the connecting pin 24-1, and a spiral groove 24-1-5 for oil lubrication is machined on the outer surface of the connecting pin 24-1. The steel ball 24-4 is stuck in the ball groove 24-1-2, and the inner surface of the conical surface 24-3-2 of the tensioning sleeve 24-3 is pressed on the surface of the steel ball 24-4. A tensioning screw 24-2 is installed in the threaded hole 24-1-4 of the connecting pin 24-1, and the bottom end of the tensioning screw 24-2 is inserted between the three steel balls 24-4. A hexagonal blind hole 24-2-1 is machined on the top of the tensioning screw 24-2. When in use, the sub-plate 23 and the mother plate 22 on the quick-change mechanism are locked and disassembled by a hexagonal wrench. By quickly replacing the sub-plate 23, the model switching of the machining center unit can be quickly achieved.

Claims

1. An intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads, comprising a PZR material channel, a feeding motorized roller table (1), a six-axis joint handling robot (3), a ground rail (4), a machining center unit (5), a buffer mechanism (6) and a quick-change mechanism, characterized in that: The automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line comprises four machining center units (5), a blank model identification mechanism (2) is installed at the starting end of the machining center unit (5), a marking machine (7), an inspection mechanism (8) and an SPC measuring station (9) are installed at the terminal of the machining center unit (5), a cleaning machine (13), a measuring machine (14), a press machine (15) and an auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism (18) are installed on the PZR material channel, a six-axis joint waterproof robot (12) is installed in the cleaning machine (13), a burr grinding mechanism (11) is installed at the feeding end of the cleaning machine, and a 3D scanning machine (3D scanning machine) is installed on the PZR material channel. The press machine (15) is equipped with a high-precision six-axis articulated robot (16), a cylinder head parts feeding mechanism (17) is installed beside the press machine (15), and an MES control system (19) is also installed in the automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line. The machining center unit (5) includes five machining centers, namely, a top surface and hole system including process positioning holes machining center (5-1), a bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes machining center (5-2), a front and rear end surface and hole system machining center (5-3), an intake surface and hole system and an exhaust surface and hole system machining center (5-4), and a tappet hole and guide hole machining center. A valve seat bottom hole machining center (5-5); in the machining center unit (5), a buffer mechanism (6) is installed between every two adjacent machining centers; between every two machining center units (5), a common ground rail (4) and two common six-axis joint handling robots (3) are installed; the ground rail (4) enables the six-axis joint handling robot (3) to perform horizontal linear motion, thereby realizing the turnover of the six-axis joint handling robot (3) to grasp the workpiece between different processes; at the starting end of every two machining center units (5), a common loading motorized roller (1) and a blank model identification mechanism are installed (2) A marking machine (7), an inspection mechanism (8) and an SPC measuring station (9) for detecting the size of semi-finished workpieces are installed at the terminals of each of the two machining center units (5); the PZR material channel is composed of a transverse material channel consisting of a first transverse material channel (10-1), a second transverse material channel (10-2), a third transverse material channel (10-3) and a fourth transverse material channel (10-4), and a longitudinal material channel consisting of a first longitudinal material channel (10-5), a second longitudinal material channel (10-6), a third longitudinal material channel (10-7) and a fourth longitudinal material channel (10-8);A first turntable (20-1) is installed between the feeding motorized roller (1) and the blank model identification mechanism (2), a second turntable (20-2) is installed between the inspection mechanism (8) and the SPC measurement station (9), a third turntable (20-3) is installed between the first transverse material channel (10-1) and the first longitudinal material channel (10-5) and between the first transverse material channel (10-1) and the second longitudinal material channel (10-6), and a third turntable (20-3) is installed between the third transverse material channel (10-1). 3) and the third longitudinal material channel (10-7), a fourth turntable (20-4) is installed between the fourth transverse material channel (10-4) and the third longitudinal material channel (10-7), a fifth turntable (20-5) is installed between the fourth transverse material channel (10-4) and the third longitudinal material channel (10-7), a sixth turntable (20-6) is installed between the third transverse material channel (10-3) and the fourth longitudinal material channel (10-8), and a seventh turntable (20-7) is installed between the fourth transverse material channel (10-4) and the fourth longitudinal material channel (10-8). ; 2. The intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A cleaning machine (13) is installed between the first transverse material channel (10-1) and the second transverse material channel (10-2), a measuring machine (14) is installed between the second transverse material channel (10-2) and the third longitudinal material channel (10-7), press machines (15) are installed on the tracks of the third transverse material channel (10-3) and the fourth transverse material channel (10-4), a high-precision six-axis articulated robot (16) is installed in each of the two press machines (15), a cylinder head accessory feeding mechanism (17) is installed on the side of each of the two press machines (15), and an auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism (18) is installed at the end of the fourth longitudinal material channel (10-8).

3. The process flow of the intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The steps include: Step 1, cylinder head blank workpiece loading and blank workpiece model identification: In this step, the cylinder head blank workpiece is first loaded through the loading motorized roller (1), and the blank workpiece is conveyed to the blank model identification mechanism (2) to distinguish different models of blank workpieces. By determining whether the blank workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system, the blank workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system is allowed to enter the blank workpiece waiting processing station, and the blank workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system is allowed to enter the blank workpiece picking station, so as to ensure that the model of the blank workpiece entering the blank workpiece waiting processing station meets the target requirements of the MES system; Step 2, machining the blank workpiece into a semi-finished workpiece. In this step, when the cylinder head blank workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system enters the machining center, each row of machining center units (5) completes five machining processes of the same type of cylinder head blank workpiece, thereby machining the blank workpiece into a semi-finished workpiece; after the blank workpiece is machined into a semi-finished workpiece, a marking machine (7) is used to mark each semi-finished workpiece with a QR code, and then the semi-finished workpieces produced continuously are sampled and fed at a fixed frequency through the inspection mechanism (8). The system sets 20 pieces as a batch, and the 1st to 19th semi-finished workpieces are transported to the burr grinding mechanism (11) for semi-finished workpiece burr grinding to remove the semi-finished workpiece. After processing, the burrs on the edge are removed. The 20th semi-finished workpiece is sent to the SPC measuring station (9) for dimension inspection. If the dimension inspection fails, the production is stopped to investigate the cause and handle it. If the dimension inspection passes, the semi-finished workpiece is sent to the cleaning and loading station after the burrs are polished. In this step, each machining center unit (5) processes the same type of cylinder head. The four machining center units (5) process the same type of cylinder head at the same time. By model switching, every two machining center units (5) process the same type of cylinder head. Then, the four machining center units process two different types of cylinder heads at the same time. By model switching, the four machining center units process four different types of cylinder heads respectively. Mixed line production; In this step, the ground rail (4) enables the six-axis joint handling robot (3) to perform horizontal linear motion, thereby enabling the six-axis joint handling robot (3) to grasp the workpiece and transfer between different processes; In this step, a buffer mechanism (6) is installed between every two adjacent machining centers to buffer the workpieces processed by the machining centers; Step 3, cleaning of semi-finished workpieces. In this step, firstly, it is determined whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system. If it does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, the system will give an alarm and remove the semi-finished workpieces that do not meet the target requirements of the MES system. The semi-finished workpieces that meet the target requirements of the MES system enter the cleaning machine (13) for cleaning. The cleaning machine (13) automatically executes the CNC program corresponding to the workpiece model according to the determination of whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system to complete the cleaning of semi-finished workpieces of different models. Step 4, semi-finished workpiece measurement. In this step, firstly, it is determined whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system. If it does not meet the target requirements of the MES system, the system will alarm and remove the semi-finished workpiece that does not meet the target requirements of the MES system. The semi-finished workpiece that meets the target requirements of the MES system enters the measuring machine (14) for semi-finished workpiece measurement. The measuring machine (14) automatically executes the numerical control program corresponding to the workpiece model according to the determination of whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system to complete the measurement of semi-finished workpieces of different models and ensure that the key dimensions are 100% qualified. If an unqualified semi-finished workpiece appears, the system will alarm and it is necessary to stop production to investigate the cause and take measures. Step 5, press-fitting of semi-finished workpieces. After ensuring that the key dimensions of the semi-finished workpieces are 100% qualified, the semi-finished workpieces are transported to two press-fitting loading stations respectively, and before entering the press-fitting machine (15), a third determination is made as to whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system. The two press-fitting machines (15) automatically execute the CNC program of the corresponding workpiece model to complete the press-fitting of semi-finished workpieces of different models according to the third determination as to whether the model of the semi-finished workpiece meets the target requirements of the MES system. If not, the semi-finished workpiece model meets the target requirements of the MES system. If the target requirements of the MES system are met, the system will give an alarm and remove the semi-finished workpieces that do not meet the target requirements of the MES system, while the semi-finished workpieces that meet the target requirements of the MES system will enter two press machines (15) respectively. At the same time, cylinder head assembly parts will also enter the press machine (15). After this step, the semi-finished workpieces are pressed into finished workpieces, and then the pressing force and displacement are monitored and judged to see whether they meet the preset range requirements. If the pressing force and displacement do not meet the preset range requirements, the material is shaved and the cause is checked. If the pressing force and displacement meet the preset range requirements, the next process is entered; In this step, the cylinder head accessory parts are loaded by cylinder head accessory loading mechanisms (17) respectively installed on the sides of the two press machines (15); In this step, the semi-finished workpieces meeting the target requirements of the MES system enter the two press machines (15) respectively through high-precision six-axis articulated robots (16) respectively installed in the two press machines (15); Step 6, appearance inspection and packaging. In this step, the appearance inspection is completed by manual inspection and auxiliary appearance inspection mechanism (18). The qualified finished workpieces are packaged and the unqualified workpieces are shaved and the reasons are investigated. In this step, the diverting transportation of the qualified products off the production line is realized by a sixth turntable (20-6) installed between the third transverse material channel (10-3) and the fourth longitudinal material channel (10-8) and a seventh turntable (20-7) installed between the fourth transverse material channel (10-4) and the fourth longitudinal material channel (10-8); In step 1 to step 6, the production automation management, equipment failure statistical analysis, equipment maintenance plan customization, processing real-time data collection, product quality data statistical analysis and workpiece processing information and quality information storage and traceability of the automobile engine cylinder head intelligent production line are all controlled and implemented by the MES control system (19).

4. The process flow of the intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The five machining processes in step 2 are respectively machining the top surface and hole system including process positioning holes by a machining center (5-1) for top surface and hole system including process positioning holes, machining the bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes by a machining center (5-2) for bottom surface and hole system including assembly positioning holes, machining the front and rear end surfaces and hole system by a machining center (5-3) for front and rear end surfaces and hole system, machining the intake surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system by a machining center (5-4) for intake surface and hole system and exhaust surface and hole system, and machining the tappet hole and the guide valve seat bottom hole by a machining center (5-5) for tappet hole and guide valve seat bottom hole; in step 1 and step 2, the model switching is achieved by a quick-change mechanism used in the machining center.

5. The process flow of the intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The quick-change mechanism comprises a first L-plate (21-1) and a second L-plate (21-2), a mother plate (22) being fixedly connected to the first L-plate (21-1) and the second L-plate (21-2), quick-change fixture mounting holes being machined at four corners of the mother plate (22), a sub-plate (23) being connected to the mother plate (22) via four quick-change fixture mounting holes machined at the four corners by means of four quick-change fixtures (24), and a first positioning pin (25), a second positioning pin (26), a first clamping mechanism (27-1), a second clamping mechanism (27-2), a third clamping mechanism (27-3), a side pushing mechanism (28), a first side limiting mechanism (29-1), a second side limiting mechanism (29-2) and a lifting tray (30) required for machining a cylinder head of the same model being mounted on the sub-plate (23).

6. The process flow of the intelligent production line for automobile engine cylinder heads according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The quick-change clamp (24) comprises a tension sleeve (24-3), a first stepped hole (24-3-1) is machined at the center of the tension sleeve (24-3), a transitional conical surface (24-3-2) is machined between the small hole and the large hole of the first stepped hole (24-3-1), three evenly distributed steel balls (24-4) are installed in the first stepped hole (24-3-1), a cylindrical connecting pin (24-1) with a T-shaped cross section is installed in the first stepped hole (24-3-1), a second stepped hole (24-1-3) is machined at the center of the connecting pin (24-1), the upper section of the second stepped hole (24-1-3) is machined as a threaded hole (24-1-4), and a threaded hole (24-1-5) is formed on the connecting pin. A transparent ball groove (24-1-2) is radially processed at the lower end of (24-1) corresponding to the position of the steel ball (24-4), a vertical tensioning seam (24-1-1) is processed on the connecting pin (24-1), and a spiral groove (24-1-5) for oil lubrication is also processed on the outer surface of the connecting pin (24-1), the steel ball (24-4) is stuck in the ball groove (24-1-2), the inner surface of the conical surface (24-3-2) of the tensioning sleeve (24-3) is pressed on the surface of the steel ball (24-4), and a tensioning screw (24-2) is installed in the threaded hole (24-1-4) of the connecting pin (24-1), and the bottom end of the tensioning screw (24-2) is inserted between the three steel balls (24-4).

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