The invention discloses an abrasive belt grinding machining center with a contact wheel depot. The abrasive belt grinding machining center comprises a base, a stand column, a five-degree-of-freedom workbench, a power device, an abrasive belt supporting tensioning device, a grinding head device, the contact wheel depot and an automatic wheel replacing device. The five-degree-of-freedom workbench is composed of an X-direction saddle, a Y-direction saddle, a Z-direction saddle, a rotating table, a centre and a servo motor, and grinding machining of planes, revolution bodies and free curve faces can be achieved; an abrasive belt and a tensioning device are arranged on an abrasive belt supporting plate, and the abrasive belt is in the tensioning state all the time under the constant pressure effect of a tensioning air cylinder; the grinding head device can move in the X direction and the Z direction, so that the movement requirements in the grinding machining process and the wheel replacing process are met; contact wheels with different diameters, hardness degrees and surface tooth shapes are distributed on a rotary disc of the contact wheel depot in a circumferential manner; and an automatic wheel replacing mechanical arm is provided with four mechanical arm claws, and every two paired mechanical arm claws are used for clamping a contact wheel component to achieve the wheel replacing function. The abrasive belt grinding machining device is suitable for grinding machining of the planes, the revolution bodies and the free curve faces, and grinding machining with different surface quality requirements and different process requirements. The machining accuracy and the stability of parts are remarkably improved, the production period is shortened, and economic benefits are improved.