The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel boring machine engineering machinery, in particular to a round cutter box capable of having a disc cutter replaced bidirectionally. The round cutter box capable of having the disc cutter replaced bidirectionally comprises a ringlike cutter box body and two cutter shaft fastening units, wherein the ringlike cutter box body is fixed on a cutter disc and is in a cylindrical shape, the cutter shaft fastening units are arranged at the inner side of the cutter box body and are in central symmetry, and each cutter shaft fastening unit comprises a load-bearing guide bar, a limiting guide bar, a wedge-shaped pressing block, a tensioning block, a tension bolt and nuts, wherein each load-bearing guide bar is fixed to the inner wall of the cutter box body, each limiting guide bar is fixed to the inner wall of the cutter box body and arranged in a mode that the limiting guide bar corresponds to the corresponding load-bearing guide bar and a certain included angel is formed between the limiting guide bar and the corresponding load-bearing guide bar, and each wedge-shaped pressing block, the corresponding tensioning block, the corresponding tension bolt and the corresponding nuts are arranged between the corresponding load-bearing guide bar and the corresponding limiting guide bar in a matched mode. By means of the round cutter box, the disc cutter can be replaced from either the back side or the front side of the cutter disc, the cutter is replaced from the back side in the construction process of a tunnel boring machine, the cutter is replaced from the front side in the production, assembling and debugging process of the tunnel boring machine, and the cutter box body of the round cutter box is of a round structure, so that the cutter box body on the cutter disc is made to be capable of saving the space and being subjected to even stress.