A medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin simulating a ship oil fire

Abstract

The present invention discloses a medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin for simulating a ship oil fire, comprising a simulated closed cabin, a fire source vibration and swing system, a fire source generation system, a medium atomization system, an air temperature control system, an air concentration control system and a pressure control system. The experimental system disclosed by the present invention can study the performance of different fire extinguishing media on oil pool fire in the case of an oil fire in a ship cabin during navigation, obtain the test results of temperature characteristics and smoke characteristics by simulating and adjusting the characteristics of the cabin temperature, air concentration, pressure, vibration, etc., and then obtain the optimal ship fire extinguishing scheme.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a simulation technology of ship fire, and in particular to a medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin for simulating ship oil fire. Background Art

[0002] Ship fires seriously threaten the safety of ship navigation and are internationally recognized as one of the three major factors threatening ship safety. At present, the main form of research on ship fires is based on the occurrence of oil fires in confined spaces of general land buildings under standard conditions, but ships at sea have the following characteristics:

[0003] 1. The ship's power compartment contains a large number of high-pressure vessels;

[0004] 2. Different functional cabins have different ambient temperatures;

[0005] 3. Poorly ventilated cabins have different initial oxygen concentrations;

[0006] 4. A ship in sailing has the characteristics of vibration and swaying.

[0007] The above-mentioned characteristics will affect the evolution characteristics of the fire. Among them, different cabin pressures, different initial temperatures, and different initial oxygen concentrations can change the air-fuel ratio, combustion efficiency, and combustion state of the fire source, while the vibration and swaying state of the ship will affect the periodic oscillation frequency, flame length, and other aspects of the flame.

[0008] High-pressure water mist fire extinguishing and cabin sealing are the main fire extinguishing measures for ships. Among them, high-pressure water mist has a good suppressive effect on general solid and gas fires, but when the fire source is oil, it has a certain strengthening effect on the flame. Cabin sealing changes the cabin from a complex ventilation state to a closed state. As the oxygen concentration in the space decreases, the fire can be effectively controlled. However, cabin sealing will cause the high-temperature smoke generated in the fire to always gather in the cabin and cannot be discharged in time, affecting the timeliness of human intervention in the cabin fire and avoiding the occurrence of flame freedom and backdraft. Therefore, it is of great significance to the fire control of ship fires to find the optimal strategy for atomized media to suppress oil fires and reduce smoke concentrations in confined spaces through experimental system simulation. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the deficiencies in the prior art and to provide a medium atomization experimental system and method in a closed cabin for simulating a ship oil fire, which fully considers the influence of different environmental pressures, temperatures, air concentrations and the swaying and vibration of the ship in the cabin where the fire occurs during the navigation of the ship, and comprehensively monitors the occurrence of fire on the ship under navigation conditions.

[0010] The technical solution of the present invention is: a medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin simulating a ship oil fire, comprising a simulated closed cabin, a fire source vibration and swing system, a fire source generation system, a medium atomization system, an air temperature control system, an air concentration control system and a pressure control system;

[0011] The fire source vibration and swing system includes a six-degree-of-freedom swing platform arranged at the bottom of the simulated closed cabin, and the fire source generation system is arranged on the bottom surface of the simulated closed cabin, specifically including an oil pan and an electronic ignition device, and the oil pan is filled with fuel, and the fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel;

[0012] The medium atomization system comprises a high-pressure gas generator, a medium storage tank and an atomization nozzle array arranged at the middle position of the top of the simulated closed cabin, which are connected in sequence. A flow regulating valve 4 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the medium storage tank and the atomization nozzle array;

[0013] The air temperature control system comprises an air compressor, a heat exchanger and a heater connected in sequence, the outlet pipeline of the heater leads to the simulated closed cabin, a flow regulating valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the heater and the simulated closed cabin, a chilled water inlet pipe and a chilled water outlet pipe are arranged on the heat exchanger, and a chilled water flow regulating valve is arranged on the chilled water inlet pipe;

[0014] The air concentration control system comprises a nitrogen bottle and a flow regulating valve 2 arranged on the nitrogen bottle outlet pipe, and the outlet pipe end of the nitrogen bottle is connected to the pipe connecting the air compressor to the heat exchanger;

[0015] The pressure control system includes a cabin air outlet pipe provided on the simulated closed cabin and a flow regulating valve 3 provided on the cabin air outlet pipe;

[0016] A temperature sensor 1, a temperature sensor 2, a temperature sensor 3 and a flue gas analyzer are arranged in the simulated closed cabin and around the oil pan.

[0017] Furthermore, the simulated closed cabin is made of a 6 mm thick steel plate and is 1.5 m long, 1.5 m wide and 1 m high.

[0018] Furthermore, all electrical components within the system are controlled by a control cabinet.

[0019] Furthermore, the atomizing nozzle array includes two longitudinal connecting plates and several transverse nozzle brackets arranged at the bottom thereof, and a movable track extending along the width direction of the simulated closed cabin is respectively provided at corresponding positions on the opposite sides of the two longitudinal connecting plates, and the two ends of the transverse nozzle bracket are movably connected to the movable track on the corresponding side, and the transverse nozzle bracket can be horizontally moved along its width direction in the simulated closed cabin, so as to adjust the spacing between different transverse nozzle brackets, and several nozzle mounting holes are provided on the transverse nozzle bracket at equal distances along its length direction, which longitudinally penetrate the upper and lower surfaces thereof, and a connecting bolt that can be adapted to penetrate the nozzle mounting hole is provided at the connecting end of the atomizing nozzle, and the connecting bolt passes through the nozzle mounting hole from bottom to top and is fixed with a nut, the inner diameter of the nut is larger than the aperture of the nozzle mounting hole, and the spray height of the atomizing nozzle can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the connecting bolt extending out of the top of the nozzle mounting hole, and the atomizing nozzle is connected to the outlet pipeline of the medium storage tank.

[0020] Furthermore, the high-pressure gas generator is an air compressor or a high-pressure gas cylinder.

[0021] Furthermore, the medium storage tank stores non-toxic and heat-insulating medium, specifically including nano magnesium oxide powder, sodium chloride aqueous solution, potassium chloride aqueous solution and calcium chloride aqueous solution.

[0022] The specific operation method of the system is as follows:

[0023] (1) After the air is compressed by the air compressor, it is mixed with the nitrogen output from the nitrogen bottle to form a mixed gas. The concentration of the mixed gas can be adjusted and controlled by flow control valve 1 and flow control valve 2. Then, the heat exchanger or heater is opened and closed according to the temperature of the mixed gas required by the experiment; when the temperature of the mixed gas meets the standard, the heat exchanger and the heater do not work; when the temperature of the mixed gas is too high, only the heat exchanger works, and the chilled water flow control valve is used to control the chilled water intake to control the temperature of the mixed gas being cooled; when the temperature of the mixed gas is too low, only the heater works, so that the mixed gas enters the heater for heating; after the temperature meets the standard, the mixed gas finally enters the simulated closed cabin, and after the mixed gas enters the simulated closed cabin, the pressure of the gas in the cabin is adjusted by flow control valve 3;

[0024] (2) The high-pressure gas generator passes the high-pressure gas into the medium storage tank. Under the action of the high-pressure gas, the medium in the medium storage tank is sprayed into the cabin through the flow control valve 4 and the atomizing nozzle;

[0025] (3) The fire source generation system is placed on the bottom of the simulated closed cabin, and the six-degree-of-freedom swing platform can achieve different vibration frequencies and different angles of swing and deflection;

[0026] (4) The atomizing nozzle array adjusts the spraying height and spraying range by moving the transverse nozzle bracket on the longitudinal connecting plate and adjusting the height of the atomizing nozzle;

[0027] (5) When the designed operating conditions are achieved, the fire source generation system is ignited, and the smoke characteristics of the oil ignition in the closed cabin under the action of the medium are obtained through the data fed back by the temperature sensor around the oil pan and the smoke analyzer.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] The experimental system disclosed in the present invention can be used to study the performance of different fire extinguishing media on oil pool fires in the cabin of a ship under voyage. By simulating and adjusting the temperature, air concentration, pressure, vibration and other characteristics in the cabin, the test results of temperature characteristics and smoke characteristics are obtained, thereby obtaining the optimal ship fire extinguishing plan. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin simulating a ship oil fire disclosed in the present invention;

[0031] Among them, 1. air compressor, 2. heat exchanger, 3. heater, 4. nitrogen bottle, 5. high-pressure gas generator, 6. medium storage tank, 7. atomizing nozzle array, 8. oil tray, 9. six-degree-of-freedom swing table, 10. flow control valve three, 11. control cabinet, 12. chilled water inlet pipe, 13. chilled water outlet pipe, 101. chilled water flow control valve, 102. flow control valve one, 103. flow control valve two, 104. flow control valve four, 105. temperature sensor one, 106. temperature sensor two, 107. temperature sensor three;

[0032] 71-longitudinal connecting plate, 72-transverse nozzle bracket, 73-connecting bolt, 74-nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following examples further illustrate the content of the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Without departing from the essence of the present invention, modifications and substitutions made to the methods, steps or conditions of the present invention all fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0034] A medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin simulating a ship oil fire, comprising a simulated closed cabin, a fire source vibration and swing system, a fire source generation system, a medium atomization system, an air temperature control system, an air concentration control system and a pressure control system;

[0035] The simulated closed cabin is made of 6 mm thick steel plate and is 1.5 m long, 1.5 m wide and 1 m high.

[0036] The fire source vibration and swing system includes a six-degree-of-freedom swing platform 9 arranged at the bottom of the simulated closed cabin. The fire source generation system is arranged in the simulated closed cabin, and specifically includes an oil pan 8 and an electronic ignition device. The size of the oil pan 8 is adjustable and the specific shape is not limited. It can be a circular oil pool, a rectangular oil pool or an oil pool of other shapes. The oil pan 8 is filled with fuel, and the fuel is a hydrocarbon fuel, such as n-heptane fuel, diesel, etc. In actual operation, the oil pan is filled with fuel in advance and then placed in the simulated closed cabin, and the electronic ignition device is used to perform the ignition operation;

[0037] The medium atomization system includes a high-pressure gas generator 5, a medium storage tank 6 and an atomization nozzle array 7 which are connected in sequence and are arranged in the middle position of the top of the simulated closed cabin. A flow regulating valve 104 is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the medium storage tank 6 and the atomization nozzle array 7; the high-pressure gas generator 5 is an air compressor or a high-pressure gas cylinder; the medium stored in the medium storage tank 6 is a non-toxic and heat-insulating medium. Since the system can realize atomization fire extinguishing of solid powder materials and atomization fire extinguishing of liquid materials, the medium stored in the medium storage tank 6 can specifically be solid nano magnesium oxide powder or liquid sodium chloride aqueous solution, potassium chloride aqueous solution or calcium chloride aqueous solution, etc. When using liquid material atomization fire extinguishing, by adding various additives to the liquid medium, the limitations of traditional fine water mist fire extinguishing systems used on ships are broken, and the universality of fine water mist fire extinguishing is improved.

[0038] The atomizing nozzle array 7 includes two longitudinal connecting plates 71 fixedly connected to the top of the simulated closed cabin and several transverse nozzle brackets 72 arranged at the bottom thereof. A movable track extending along the width direction of the simulated closed cabin is respectively provided at corresponding positions on the opposite sides of the two longitudinal connecting plates 71. The two ends of the transverse nozzle bracket 72 are movably connected to the movable track on the corresponding side. The transverse nozzle bracket 72 can move horizontally along its width direction in the simulated closed cabin, and then the spacing between different transverse nozzle brackets 72 can be adjusted, and the spray coverage area after the medium is atomized will change accordingly. Several nozzle mounting holes are equidistantly provided on the transverse nozzle bracket 72 along its length direction and longitudinally penetrate its upper and lower surfaces. A connecting bolt 73 that can be adapted to penetrate the nozzle mounting hole is provided on the atomizing nozzle. The connecting bolt 73 passes through the nozzle mounting hole from bottom to top and is fixed with a nut 74. The inner diameter of the nut 74 is larger than the aperture of the nozzle mounting hole. The spray height of the atomizing nozzle can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the connecting bolt 73 extending out of the top of the nozzle mounting hole. The atomizing nozzle is connected to the outlet pipeline of the medium storage tank 6.

[0039] The air temperature control system comprises an air compressor 1, a heat exchanger 2 and a heater 3 which are connected in sequence, the outlet pipeline of the heater 3 leads to the simulated closed cabin, a flow regulating valve 102 is provided on the connecting pipeline between the heater 3 and the simulated closed cabin, a chilled water inlet pipe 12 and a chilled water outlet pipe 13 are provided on the heat exchanger 2, and a chilled water flow regulating valve 101 is provided on the chilled water inlet pipe 12;

[0040] The air concentration control system includes a nitrogen bottle 4 and a flow regulating valve 103 provided on the outlet pipe of the nitrogen bottle 4, and the outlet pipe end of the nitrogen bottle 4 is connected to the pipeline of the air compressor 1 connecting the heat exchanger 2;

[0041] The pressure control system includes a cabin air outlet pipe arranged on the simulated closed cabin and a flow regulating valve 10 arranged on the cabin air outlet pipe;

[0042] A temperature sensor 1 105 , a temperature sensor 2 106 , a temperature sensor 3 107 and a flue gas analyzer are arranged in the simulated closed cabin and around the oil pan 8 .

[0043] All electrical components in the system are controlled by the control cabinet 11.

[0044] The specific operation method of the system is as follows:

[0045] (1) After being compressed by the air compressor 1, the air is mixed with the nitrogen output from the nitrogen bottle 4 to form a mixed gas. The concentration of the mixed gas can be adjusted and controlled by the flow regulating valve 1 102 and the flow regulating valve 2 103. Although the mixed gas needs to pass through the heat exchanger 2 and the heater 3 before entering the simulated closed cabin, the heat exchanger 2 and the heater 3 are not necessarily both in working state. The opening and closing of the two are adjusted according to the gas temperature required for the experiment. If the temperature of the mixed gas itself has reached the experimental requirements, the heat exchanger 2 and the heater 3 are both in a non-working state, and the mixed gas directly passes through the two devices and enters the simulated closed cabin; when the temperature of the mixed gas is too high, only the heat exchanger 2 works, and the chilled water flow regulating valve 101 is used to control the chilled water intake to control the temperature of the mixed gas being cooled; when the temperature of the mixed gas is too low, only the heater 3 works, so that the mixed gas is heated after entering the heater 3; the mixed gas after reaching the temperature standard finally enters the simulated closed cabin, and the pressure of the gas in the cabin is adjusted by the flow regulating valve 3 10 after the mixed gas enters the simulated closed cabin;

[0046] (2) The high-pressure gas generator 5 passes the high-pressure gas into the medium storage tank 6. Under the action of the high-pressure gas, the medium in the medium storage tank 6 is sprayed into the cabin through the flow regulating valve 104 and the atomizing nozzle;

[0047] (3) The fire source generation system is placed on the bottom of the simulated closed cabin, and the six-degree-of-freedom swing platform 9 can achieve different vibration frequencies and different angles of swing and deflection;

[0048] (4) The atomizing nozzle array 7 adjusts the spraying height and spraying range by moving the transverse nozzle bracket 72 on the longitudinal connecting plate 71 and adjusting the height of the atomizing nozzle;

[0049] (5) When the designed working condition is achieved, the fire source generation system is ignited, and the smoke characteristics of the oil ignition in the closed cabin under the action of the medium are obtained through the data fed back by the temperature sensor around the oil pan 8 and the smoke analyzer 108.

[0050] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. However, the above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the technical features of the present invention are not limited thereto. Any other implementation methods derived by any technician in the field without departing from the technical solution of the present invention should be included in the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental method for a medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin simulating a ship fuel fire, characterized in that: The experimental system includes a simulated closed cabin, a fire source vibration and swing system, a fire source generation system, a medium atomization system, an air temperature control system, an air concentration control system and a pressure control system; The fire source vibration and swing system comprises a six-degree-of-freedom swing platform (9) arranged at the bottom of the simulated closed cabin, and the fire source generation system is arranged on the bottom surface of the simulated closed cabin, specifically comprising an oil pan (8) and an electronic ignition device, and the oil pan (8) is filled with fuel; The medium atomization system comprises a high-pressure gas generator (5), a medium storage tank (6), and an atomization nozzle array (7) arranged at the middle position of the top of the simulated closed cabin, which are connected in sequence. A flow regulating valve (104) is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the medium storage tank (6) and the atomization nozzle array (7); The air temperature control system comprises an air compressor (1), a heat exchanger (2) and a heater (3) which are connected in sequence, the outlet pipeline of the heater (3) leads to the simulated closed cabin, a flow regulating valve (102) is provided on the connecting pipeline between the heater (3) and the simulated closed cabin, a chilled water inlet pipe (12) and a chilled water outlet pipe (13) are provided on the heat exchanger (2), and a chilled water flow regulating valve (101) is provided on the chilled water inlet pipe (12); The air concentration control system comprises a nitrogen bottle (4) and a second flow regulating valve (103) provided on an outlet pipe of the nitrogen bottle (4), wherein the outlet pipe end of the nitrogen bottle (4) is connected to a pipe connecting the air compressor (1) to the heat exchanger (2); The pressure control system comprises a cabin air outlet pipe arranged on the simulated closed chamber and a flow regulating valve (10) arranged on the cabin air outlet pipe; A temperature sensor 1 (105), a temperature sensor 2 (106), a temperature sensor 3 (107) and a flue gas analyzer are provided in the simulated closed cabin and around the oil pan (8); The atomizing nozzle array (7) comprises two longitudinal connecting plates (71) fixedly connected to the top of the simulated closed cabin and a plurality of transverse nozzle brackets (72) arranged at the bottom thereof. A movable track extending in the width direction of the simulated closed cabin is respectively arranged at corresponding positions on opposite sides of the two longitudinal connecting plates (71). Both ends of the transverse nozzle bracket (72) are movably connected to the movable track on the corresponding side. The transverse nozzle bracket (72) can move horizontally in the width direction of the simulated closed cabin. A plurality of nozzle mounting holes are arranged on the transverse nozzle bracket (72) at equal distances along its length direction and longitudinally penetrate its upper and lower surfaces. The atomizing nozzle is provided with a connecting bolt (73) that can be adapted to penetrate the nozzle mounting hole. The connecting bolt (73) passes through the nozzle mounting hole from bottom to top and is fixed with a nut (74). The inner diameter of the nut (74) is larger than the aperture of the nozzle mounting hole. The spray height of the atomizing nozzle can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the connecting bolt (73) protruding from the top of the nozzle mounting hole. Each atomizing nozzle is connected to the outlet pipeline of the medium storage tank (6). The medium storage tank (6) stores a non-toxic and heat-insulating medium, specifically comprising nano magnesium oxide powder, sodium chloride aqueous solution, potassium chloride aqueous solution and calcium chloride aqueous solution; The experimental process includes the following steps: (1) After the air is compressed by the air compressor, it is mixed with the nitrogen output from the nitrogen bottle to form a mixed gas. The concentration of the mixed gas can be adjusted and controlled by flow control valve 1 and flow control valve 2. Then, the heat exchanger or heater is opened and closed according to the temperature of the mixed gas required by the experiment; when the temperature of the mixed gas meets the standard, the heat exchanger and the heater do not work; when the temperature of the mixed gas is too high, only the heat exchanger works, and the chilled water flow control valve is used to control the chilled water intake to control the temperature of the mixed gas being cooled; when the temperature of the mixed gas is too low, only the heater works, so that the mixed gas enters the heater for heating; after the temperature meets the standard, the mixed gas finally enters the simulated closed cabin, and after the mixed gas enters the simulated closed cabin, the pressure of the gas in the cabin is adjusted by flow control valve 3; (2) The high-pressure gas generator passes the high-pressure gas into the medium storage tank. Under the action of the high-pressure gas, the medium in the medium storage tank is sprayed into the cabin through the flow control valve 4 and the atomizing nozzle; (3) The fire source generation system is placed on the bottom of the simulated closed cabin, and the six-degree-of-freedom swing platform can achieve different vibration frequencies and different angles of swing and deflection; (4) The atomizing nozzle array adjusts the spraying height and spraying range by moving the transverse nozzle bracket on the longitudinal connecting plate and adjusting the height of the atomizing nozzle; (5) When the design working conditions are achieved, the fire source generation system is ignited, and the smoke characteristics of the oil pool fire in the closed cabin under the action of the medium are obtained through the data fed back by the temperature sensor around the oil pan and the smoke analyzer, thereby obtaining the optimal ship fire extinguishing plan.

2. The experimental method of the medium atomization experimental system in the closed cabin simulating the ship oil fire according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The high-pressure gas generator (5) is an air compressor or a high-pressure gas cylinder.

3. The experimental method of the medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin simulating a ship oil fire as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: All electrical components in the system are controlled by the control cabinet (11).

4. The experimental method of the medium atomization experimental system in a closed cabin simulating a ship oil fire as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated closed cabin is made of 6 mm thick steel plate and is 1.5 m long, 1.5 m wide and 1 m high.

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