A precision horizontal machining center

Abstract

The present invention relates to a precision horizontal machining center, including an X-axis base, a W-axis base, a column, a spindle, and a workpiece platform. A saddle is arranged in the column, and a ram that slides forward and backward is slidably mounted in the saddle. The spindle is mounted in the ram, and the outer periphery of the saddle is slidably mounted on a guide rail. An anti-fall protection mechanism that prevents the saddle from falling is arranged between the column and the saddle, and the workpiece platform is assembled above the W-axis base; a connection adjustment mechanism that adjusts the parallelism and alignment between the X-axis base and the W-axis base when the two are assembled is arranged between the X-axis base and the W-axis base. The setting of the connection adjustment mechanism eliminates the need for on-site hole matching, which is conducive to saving structural space and assembly time of on-site assembly personnel. The setting of the anti-fall protection mechanism can ensure that the saddle does not continue to fall downward when the machine is shut down or fails or the saddle moves to a specified position. The anti-fall protection mechanism reduces the force-bearing links and directly performs anti-fall protection on the protection unit, which is simple and efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of machining equipment, and in particular to a precision horizontal machining center. Background Art

[0002] At present, most of the bed connection adjustments are made by adjusting the horizontal direction of the bed by adjusting the foot and the left and right direction by the top pull mechanism, and the horizontal and left and right direction accuracy between the two beds is positioned by using positioning pins. If the above adjustment and positioning methods are used, although the horizontal and left and right direction accuracy between the two beds can be adjusted, it cannot be used as a positioning mechanism. Pin holes must be provided to achieve the purpose of restoring the accuracy after the bed is split. Moreover, once the pin holes are provided, if the accuracy does not meet the requirements in the later stage, the pin holes must be re-provided. If the space is insufficient or narrow, it is not easy to provide pin holes. Moreover, most of the current horizontal machining centers do not have anti-fall safety protection functions, which can easily cause component damage. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a precision horizontal machining center which can ensure the installation accuracy of the bed and has an anti-fall safety protection function.

[0004] The technical solution for implementing the present invention is as follows

[0005] A precision horizontal machining center comprises an X-axis base, a W-axis base, a column, a spindle, and a workpiece platform. A support slide rail is fixedly arranged in the left and right directions of the X-axis base. The lower end of the column is slidably mounted on the support slide rail. A column driving mechanism for driving the column to slide left and right on the slide rail is arranged on the X-axis base. The column is a door-shaped frame. A guide slide rail is fixedly arranged on the column in the vertical direction. A slide saddle is arranged in the column. The slide saddle has an installation space. A slide ram that slides forward and backward is slidably mounted in the installation space. The spindle is mounted on the slide rail. The saddle is slidably mounted on the guide rail, and a lifting drive mechanism is arranged above the column to drive the saddle to slide in the up and down directions along the guide rail. An anti-fall protection mechanism is arranged between the column and the saddle to prevent the saddle from falling. The workpiece platform is arranged above the W-axis base and on one side of the spindle. A connection adjustment mechanism is arranged between the X-axis base and the W-axis base to adjust the parallelism and alignment between the two when the X-axis base and the W-axis base are assembled.

[0006] With the above technical solution, when the machine tool is installed, the horizontal and alignment between the W-axis base and the X-axis base are ensured by connecting the adjustment mechanism, the assembly accuracy of the two is ensured, and the machining accuracy of the machining center is ensured; when transporting, the X-axis and W-axis bases need to be removed, and no adjustment is required when they are reassembled, and the adjustment pad can be used directly to restore the machine tool accuracy; if the accuracy is unqualified due to reasons other than the machine tool itself, the accuracy requirements can be met through adjustment. This adjustment mechanism can simultaneously realize the horizontal and left-right adjustment between the two bed frames, and realize the function of restoring accuracy after disassembly. This design has a compact structure and does not require on-site hole matching, which is conducive to saving structural space and assembly time for on-site assembly personnel. Through the setting of the anti-fall protection mechanism, it can ensure that the saddle does not continue to fall downward when the machine is shut down or the machine fails or the saddle moves to the specified position. This anti-fall protection mechanism reduces the force link and directly performs anti-fall protection on the protection unit, which is simple and efficient.

[0007] Furthermore, an X-axis centering device is installed on one side of the main shaft on the X-axis base, which includes a bracket and a positioning shaft. The bracket includes a bottom bracket fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis base through a connecting piece, the bottom bracket is arranged in a horizontal direction, and an outer inclined bracket fixedly arranged on the bottom bracket and inclined outward, the upper end of the outer inclined bracket has a horizontal assembly platform, the positioning shaft is vertically assembled on the assembly platform, and the side of the positioning shaft is the positioning coordinate test point of the machining center.

[0008] Furthermore, the saddle includes an upper saddle and a lower saddle, which are positioned and connected by pins and bolts to form a whole, and the above-mentioned installation space is formed at the lower part of the upper saddle and the upper part of the upper saddle; hollow holes are distributed on the upper saddle and the lower saddle; the ram is an integral casting, and reinforcing ribs are arranged on the inner wall of the ram.

[0009] Furthermore, assembly slots are respectively provided on both sides of the X-axis base, and a connection adjustment mechanism is respectively arranged in each assembly slot, wherein the connection adjustment mechanism comprises an adjustment block, and left and right adjustment bolts and a horizontal adjustment bolt which are threadedly matched with the adjustment block. The adjustment block is placed in the assembly slot, and the adjustment block is locked to the end of the W-axis base by a locking screw. The left and right adjustment bolts pass through the adjustment block in the horizontal direction, and the front ends of the left and right adjustment bolts are pressed against an inner wall on one side of the assembly slot. The horizontal adjustment bolt passes through the adjustment block in the vertical direction, and the nut end of the horizontal adjustment bolt is pressed against the top wall in the assembly slot.

[0010] Furthermore, a tool magazine system is arranged above the W-axis base, and the tool magazine system includes a tool magazine bracket whose lower end is fixed on the W-axis base, a chain tool magazine is arranged above the tool magazine bracket, and a tool detection device for detecting tools in the chain tool magazine is arranged at the upper end of the tool magazine bracket, and the tool detection device includes a detection bracket, a bearing plate, a servo motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a linear guide rail, a clamping block, a bearing bracket, a spring sheet, and a proximity switch; the detection bracket is horizontally mounted above the tool magazine bracket, the bearing plate is fixedly mounted on one side of the detection bracket, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are respectively mounted on one side of the bearing plate through a rotating shaft The servo motor is mounted on one side of the carrier plate, and the servo motor is mounted on the other side of the carrier plate. The output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the driving wheel through a transmission connection. The driving wheel and the driven wheel are connected through a transmission belt. The linear guide is fixedly mounted on one side of the carrier plate, and the arrangement direction of the linear guide is consistent with the transmission direction of the transmission belt. The carrier bracket is slidably mounted on the linear guide, one end of the clamping block clamps the transmission belt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the carrier bracket. The proximity switch is mounted on the carrier bracket, and one end of the spring sheet is mounted on the carrier bracket through a spacer, and the other end of the spring sheet is suspended and is on the trigger end side of the proximity switch.

[0011] Furthermore, the anti-fall protection mechanism includes an anti-fall device, a guide rod, a pressure cover, a flange, a connecting shaft, and a fixed block. The fixed block is fixedly connected to the saddle. The lower end of the connecting shaft is a stopper. The fixed block has a limiting space for inserting the stopper at the lower end of the connecting shaft. The stopper is inserted into the limiting space from the side of the fixed block. After the stopper is inserted into the limiting space, the limiting space limits the movement of the stopper in the up and down directions. The upper end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end of the guide rod. The connecting shaft and the guide rod are coaxial. The guide rod is arranged in a vertical direction. The flange is fixedly assembled on the top of the column. The anti-fall device is fixedly arranged in the flange. The pressure cover is connected to the flange. The upper end of the guide rod passes through the anti-fall device and is in a pressure Above the cover, the anti-fall device includes an annular body, a retaining plate is fixedly arranged above the annular body, the upper inner part of the annular body is a conical cavity, the lower inner part of the annular body is a make way channel for the guide rod to pass through, a guide hole for the make way guide rod is opened on the retaining plate, a wedge-shaped clamp is arranged in the conical cavity, a spring is arranged between the upper end of the wedge-shaped clamp and the retaining plate, a piston shaft is arranged below the wedge-shaped clamp, and a medium cavity is arranged below the piston shaft. The medium is introduced into the medium cavity to lift the piston shaft upward and compress the spring upward with the wedge-shaped clamp to move, and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamp is separated from the outer wall of the guide rod. After the medium pressure in the medium cavity is withdrawn, the spring pushes the wedge-shaped clamp to move downward, and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamp contacts with the outer wall of the guide rod to form a clamping force.

[0012] Furthermore, the lifting drive mechanism includes a lifting cylinder assembled on the column, the driving end of the lifting cylinder extends into the column and is connected to the sliding saddle, and a pneumatic balancing system for providing balanced air pressure for the lifting cylinder, the pneumatic balancing system includes a two-position five-way valve, a pressure reducing valve, a boosting valve, a pressure switch, a one-way valve, a ball valve, a muffler, and a pressure vessel; the pressure vessel is horizontally arranged above the column through a pressure vessel bracket, the exhaust pipe of the pressure vessel is connected to the air inlet end of the lifting cylinder, the return pipe of the pressure vessel is connected to the air outlet end of the lifting cylinder, and a pressure pipe for injecting pressurized gas into the pressure vessel, the two-position five-way valve, the pressure reducing valve, the boosting valve, and the one-way valve are connected in sequence to form a connection between the pressure pipe and the return pipe of the pressure vessel, the pressure switch is connected in parallel between the one-way valve and the boosting valve, and the ball valve is connected to the muffler and then connected between the one-way valve and the return pipe of the pressure vessel; the pressure vessel is also connected with a pressure gauge and a safety valve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the left view structure;

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the X-axis base and the column in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anti-falling mechanism of the present invention being assembled on a column;

[0018] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure cut along the anti-fall mechanism;

[0019] Figure 7 for Figure 6 A is an enlarged schematic diagram;

[0020] Figure 8 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the anti-falling mechanism in the present invention;

[0021] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed block in a fall prevention mechanism;

[0022] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the anti-fall device in the anti-fall mechanism;

[0023] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the assembly between the X-axis base and the W-axis base in the present invention;

[0024] Fig.12for Fig.11 The enlarged schematic diagram of point B in the middle;

[0025] Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the saddle and the ram;

[0026] Fig.14 It is a structural schematic diagram of the upper sliding saddle;

[0027] Fig.15 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ram;

[0028] Fig.16 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the tool detection device in the present invention;

[0029] Fig.17 for Fig.16 A schematic diagram of a top view structure;

[0030] Fig.18 for Fig.16 AA section view in the figure;

[0031] Fig.19 is a schematic diagram of the pneumatic balancing system of the present invention;

[0032] In the accompanying drawings, 1 is an X-axis base, 2 is a W-axis base, 3 is a column, 4 is a main shaft, 5 is a workpiece platform, 6 is a support slide rail, 7 is a support slider, 8 is a connecting block, 9 is a cushion block, 10 is a column drive mechanism, 11 is a guide slide rail, 12 is a slide saddle, 13 is a slide ram, 14 is a guide rail, 15 is a guide block, 16 is a lifting drive mechanism, 17 is an anti-fall protection mechanism, 18 is an anti-fall device, 19 is a guide rod, 20 is a pressure cover, 21 is a flange, 22 is a connecting shaft, 2 3 is a fixed block, 24 is a shifting part, 25 is a limiting space, 26 is a cushion block, 27 is a fixed plate, 28 is an insertion blind hole, 29 is a bending limiting part, 30 is an annular body, 31 is a retaining plate, 32 is a tapered cavity, 33 is a clearance channel, 34 is a guide hole, 35 is a wedge-shaped clamping claw, 36 is a spring, 37 is a piston shaft, 38 is a medium cavity, 39 is an inlet and outlet medium port, 40 is a three-position two-way valve, 41 is a one-way valve, 42 is an assembly notch, 43 is an adjustment block, 44 is a left and right Adjusting bolt, 45 is a horizontal adjusting bolt, 46 is an adjusting pad, 47 is a bracket, 48 is a positioning shaft, 49 is an assembly platform, 50 is an upper sliding saddle, 51 is a lower sliding saddle, 52 is a hollow hole, 53 is a reinforcing rib, 54 is a reinforcing rib, 55 is a rib reinforcement section, 56 is an adjusting gasket, 57 is a tool magazine bracket, 58 is a chain tool magazine, 59 is a tool detection device, 60 is a detection bracket, 61 is a bearing plate, 62 is a servo motor, 63 is a driving wheel, 64 is a driven wheel, 65 is a rotating wheel, 66 is a rotating wheel, 67 is a rotating wheel, 68 is a rotating wheel, 69 is a rotating wheel, 70 is a rotating wheel, 71 is a rotating wheel, 72 is a rotating wheel, 73 is a rotating wheel, 74 is a rotating wheel, 75 is a rotating wheel, 76 is a rotating wheel, 77 is a rotating wheel, 78 is a rotating wheel, 79 is a rotating wheel, 80 is a rotating wheel, 81 is a rotating wheel, 82 is a rotating wheel, 83 is a rotating wheel, 84 is a rotating wheel, 85 is a rotating wheel, 86 is a rotating wheel, 87 is a rotating wheel, 88 is a rotating wheel, 89 is a rotating wheel, 90 is a rotating wheel, 91 is a rotating wheel, 92 is a rotating wheel, 93 is a rotating wheel, 94 is a rotating wheel, 95 is a rotating wheel, 96 is a rotating wheel, 97 is a rotating wheel, 98 is a rotating wheel, 99 is a rotating wheel, 100 is a rotating wheel, 101 is a rotating wheel, 102 is a rotating wheel, 103 is a rotating wheel, 104 is a rotating wheel, 1 5 is a linear guide, 66 is a clamping block, 67 is a bearing bracket, 68 is a spring sheet, 69 is a proximity switch, 70 is a transmission belt, 71 is a spacer, 72 is a driven wheel adjustment plate, 73 is a deep groove ball bearing, 74 is an elastic retaining ring, 75 is a driven shaft, 76 is a lifting cylinder, 77 is a two-position five-way valve 77, a pressure reducing valve 78, a boosting valve 79, a pressure switch 80, a one-way valve 81, a ball valve 82, a muffler 83, a pressure vessel 84, 85 is a pressure gauge, and 86 is a safety valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the embodiment of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the described embodiment of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1-19A precision horizontal machining center comprises an X-axis base 1, a W-axis base 2, a column 3, a spindle 4, and a workpiece platform 5. The X-axis base and the W-axis base are placed horizontally; two mutually parallel supporting slide rails 6 are fixedly arranged in the left and right directions of the X-axis base, and the two supporting guide rails are placed horizontally. A supporting slider 7 is fixedly assembled at the lower end of the column, and the supporting slider is clamped on the supporting slide rail to slide left and right. Two supporting sliders are equipped on one supporting slide rail, and L-shaped connecting blocks 8 are respectively fixed at the four corners below the column, and the connecting blocks are arranged downward. Pads 9 are provided above the supporting slider and below the connecting blocks. The thickness of the pads is adjusted to ensure that the column as a whole is in a horizontal state.

[0035] A column driving mechanism 10 is provided on the X-axis base to drive the column to slide left and right on the slide rail. The column driving mechanism is driven by a motor in conjunction with a screw, that is, a driving block with a driven thread is fixed under the column, and the screw and the driving block are threadedly matched. The forward and reverse rotation of the motor can drive the driving block and the column through the transmission of the screw, and reciprocate within the left and right guide stroke of the supporting slide rail.

[0036] The overall structure of the column is a door-type frame, so that there is enough assembly space and lifting space in the column. Guide slide rails 11 are fixedly connected in the vertical direction on both sides of the door frame of the column. The column is an assembly space. A saddle 12 is arranged in the column. The saddle is an installation space. A slide 13 with a forward and backward sliding movement is slidably assembled in the installation space. Two guide rails 14 are installed above and below the slide ram. The four guide rails are arranged horizontally. Guide blocks 15 are installed at the four corners of the saddle. The guide blocks are clamped on the guide rails through slots. The guide blocks move back and forth within the travel of the guide rails, so that the slide ram can move back and forth in the slide saddle. The drive of the slide ram can be driven by the cooperation of a motor and a screw rod, or by a commonly used driving mechanism such as an electric cylinder.

[0037] The spindle 4 is assembled in the ram, and the spindle motor assembled on the ram drives the spindle to rotate around itself. The outer periphery of the saddle is slidably assembled on the guide rail, that is, a slider is assembled on the saddle, and the slider is stuck on the guide rail and can only form an internal movement up and down on the guide rail; a lifting drive mechanism 16 is arranged above the column to drive the saddle to slide up and down along the guide rail, and the driving end of the lifting drive mechanism is connected to the saddle, and the lifting drive mechanism drives the saddle and the ram and spindle installed inside it to move up and down.

[0038] Reference Figure 5-10In order to ensure that the saddle does not continue to fall downward when the machine stops or fails or the saddle moves to the specified position, an anti-fall protection mechanism 17 is provided between the column and the saddle to prevent the saddle from falling. The anti-fall protection mechanism includes an anti-fall device 18, a guide rod 19, a pressure cover 20, a flange 21, a connecting shaft 22, and a fixed block 23. The fixed block is fixedly connected to the saddle. The lower end of the connecting shaft is a stopper 24. The fixed block has a limiting space 25 for inserting the stopper at the lower end of the connecting shaft. The stopper is installed in the limiting space from the side of the fixed block. After the stopper is inserted into the limiting space, the limiting space is on the upper and lower sides of the stopper. In order to facilitate the installation of the fixed block and prevent the lower end of the connecting shaft from contacting the sliding saddle and causing wear, a connecting pad 26 is fixed on the sliding saddle. The fixed block is installed on the sliding saddle together with the pad by screws. The shape and size of the limiting space are adapted to the lower end stopper of the connecting shaft. After the stopper is inserted into the limiting space, the stopper cannot move in the up and down directions at least. A fixing plate 27 is fixedly connected with screws above the fixed block. The fixing plate has a U-shaped opening groove. The U-shaped notch of the fixing plate is opposite to the notch on the side of the fixed block for the insertion of the limiter, so that the connecting shaft can be more firmly confined in the limiting space. In the illustration of the present application, the limiting space is in an inverted T shape, the limiter is in a T shape, and one side of the limiting space is an open end for the insertion of the limiter to facilitate assembly.

[0039] The upper end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end of the guide rod. The upper end surface of the connecting shaft has an insertion blind hole 28 for inserting the lower end of the guide rod. The upper edge of the insertion blind hole forms a bending limit portion 29 inward. The bending limit portion is tightly clamped on the outer wall of the lower end of the guide rod. In order to ensure the firmness of the connection, a retaining groove for inserting the bending limit portion can be provided at the lower end of the guide rod, and a screw can also be inserted horizontally from the outside to lock the upper end of the connecting shaft and the lower end of the guide rod.

[0040] The connecting shaft is coaxial with the guide rod to ensure the consistency of force transmission up and down. The guide rod is arranged in a vertical direction. The flange 21 is fixedly assembled on the top of the column by screws. The anti-fall device 18 is fixedly arranged in the flange. A pressure cover 20 is connected to the flange. The anti-fall device is installed in the flange as a whole. There is a stop step on the upper edge of the flange. The upper end edge of the anti-fall device has a corresponding step to install the anti-fall device in a suspended manner in the flange. The anti-fall device is pressed by the inner ring of the lower surface of the pressure cover 21, and the outer ring of the pressure cover is fixedly connected to the flange, so that the anti-fall device is fixedly installed in the flange; the upper end of the guide rod passes through the anti-fall device and is located above the pressure cover. The anti-fall device includes an annular body 30, and a retaining plate 31 is fixedly arranged on the top of the annular body by screws. The upper part of the annular body is a conical cavity 32, and the lower part of the annular body is a makeshift channel 33 for the guide rod to pass through. A guide hole 34 for the makeshift guide rod is provided on the retaining plate. The center of the guide hole and the center of the makeshift channel Located on the axis of the guide rod, the outer wall of the guide rod and the inner wall of the guide hole and the inner wall of the clearance channel only retain a movable gap for the guide rod to move up and down. The gap is not easy to be too large to prevent external debris from entering the anti-fall device from the gap. Two or more wedge-shaped clamps 35 are arranged in the conical cavity. The wedge-shaped clamps are evenly distributed around the guide rod. A spring 36 is arranged between the upper end of the wedge-shaped clamp and the retaining plate, and the spring is compressed by the upper end of the clamp and the lower end surface of the retaining plate; a piston shaft 37 is arranged below each wedge-shaped clamp, and a medium cavity 38 is arranged below the piston shaft. The piston end of the piston shaft is in the medium cavity, and the shaft end of the piston shaft extends upward to the lower end of the wedge-shaped clamp and is fixedly connected thereto; the medium is introduced into the medium cavity to push the piston shaft upward and compress the spring upward with the wedge-shaped clamp to move, and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamp is separated from the outer wall of the guide rod. After the medium pressure in the medium cavity is withdrawn, the spring pushes the wedge-shaped clamp to move downward, and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamp contacts the outer wall of the guide rod to form a clamping force. In the specific implementation, in order to ensure the synchronization of the wedge-shaped clamps, the medium cavity is an annular cavity with only one medium inlet and outlet port 39, and the medium inlet and outlet ports are connected to a three-position two-way valve 40 and a one-way valve 41, so as to ensure that the pressure entering is stable and unchanged. The medium entering therefrom simultaneously pushes the piston shaft upward or withdraws the pressure on the piston shaft simultaneously, thereby ensuring the synchronization of the actions between the wedge-shaped clamps, and thus ensuring the timeliness and effectiveness of the anti-fall device clamping or releasing the guide rod. If the commonly used servo motor brake functional structure is used to replace the anti-fall protection mechanism in this application, firstly, the specifications of the motor and the lead screw must meet the weight of the protection unit (saddle, ram unit), and the design will increase the cost; secondly, if the motor brake is used, the motor shaft is first locked, and then the lead screw is locked through the coupling, so that the saddle ram unit is fixed, and the force-bearing mode is too long, which is prone to safety hazards and the problem of reduced lead screw accuracy. However, the anti-fall protection mechanism reduces the force-bearing links and directly performs anti-fall protection on the protection unit, which is simple and efficient.

[0041] Reference Fig.11 , 12 The workpiece platform is used to assemble the workpiece to be processed. The workpiece platform 5 is assembled above the W-axis base and is on one side of the spindle. The bottom of the workpiece platform is assembled with the W-axis base using a slide rail. The workpiece platform can be moved as needed. During use, after the workpiece platform is moved into place, it can be locked using a commonly used slide rail locking structure. Separating the X-axis base from the W-axis base can reduce the inconvenience during transportation. In the later assembly process, in order to ensure the assembly accuracy between the two, a connection adjustment mechanism is provided between the X-axis base and the W-axis base to adjust the parallelism and alignment between the two when the X-axis base and the W-axis base are assembled. Specifically, assembly slots 42 are respectively provided on both sides of the X-axis base, and a connection adjustment mechanism is respectively arranged in each assembly slot, the connection adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment block 43, and left and right adjustment bolts 44 and a horizontal adjustment bolt 45 which are threadedly matched with the adjustment block. The adjustment block is placed in the assembly slot, and the adjustment block is locked to the end of the W-axis base by a locking screw. The left and right adjustment bolts pass through the adjustment block in the horizontal direction, and the front ends of the left and right adjustment bolts are against the inner wall of one side of the assembly slot. The horizontal adjustment bolt passes through the adjustment block in the vertical direction, and the nut end of the horizontal adjustment bolt is against the top wall in the assembly slot. .When assembling, first adjust the horizontal accuracy of the X-axis base; pre-install the horizontal adjustment bolt into the adjustment block; then dock the W-axis base with the X-axis base; install the adjustment block into the W-axis base and fix it with a locking screw; install the left and right adjustment bolts into the adjustment block; adjust the horizontal direction of the W-axis base and the X-axis base by adjusting the horizontal adjustment bolt to achieve the design accuracy; adjust the left and right directions of the W-axis base and the X-axis base by adjusting the left and right adjustment bolts to achieve the design accuracy; then grind the adjustment pad 46 (one on each side in the horizontal direction; one on the left side in the left and right directions) according to the margin between the adjustment block and the bed after adjustment, insert it and fix it with screws; when the machine tool is transported, the X-axis and W-axis bases need to be removed. When splicing again, there is no need to adjust according to the above steps, and the adjustment pad can be used directly to restore the machine tool accuracy; if the accuracy is unqualified due to reasons other than the machine tool itself, the adjustment pad can be re-grinded or replaced to meet the accuracy requirements. This adjustment mechanism can simultaneously realize the horizontal and left and right direction adjustment between the two bed bodies, and realize the function of restoring accuracy after disassembly by grinding the adjustment pad. This design has a compact structure and does not require on-site hole matching, which is beneficial to saving structural space and assembly time for on-site assemblers.

[0042] Reference Figure 4At present, most machine tool factories use drills and steel rulers to measure the axial origin, and some manufacturers use the method of measuring positioning holes to locate the coordinate origin. The measurement is inaccurate, and it is impossible to ensure consistency when finding the origin again. For this reason, the present application assembles an X-axis centering device on the X-axis base on one side of the main shaft, which includes a bracket 47 and a positioning shaft 48. The bracket includes a bottom bracket fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis base by a screw connector, and the bottom bracket is arranged in a horizontal direction, and an outer inclined bracket fixedly arranged on the bottom bracket and inclined outwardly, and the upper end of the outer inclined bracket has a horizontal assembly platform 49, and the positioning shaft is vertically assembled on the assembly platform. The side of the positioning shaft is the positioning coordinate test point of the machining center. During the test, the workpiece probe is installed in the main shaft, and the side of the positioning axis in the X direction is measured respectively to obtain the coordinate origin.

[0043] Reference Fig.13 , 14 The saddle includes an upper saddle 50 and a lower saddle 51 which are separately arranged. The upper saddle and the lower saddle are positioned and connected to form a whole by pins and bolts (the upper saddle has a positioning pin and the lower saddle has a corresponding positioning hole for the positioning pin to be inserted to form a positioning, and then the upper and lower saddles are fixedly connected to form a whole by bolts). An open square space is formed at the bottom of the upper saddle and at the top of the upper saddle. After the upper and lower saddles are installed together, the square space between the two constitutes the above-mentioned installation space for the installation of the ram and the sliding parts. This structure is conducive to the casting and processing of the saddle casting, especially the processing of the linear guide slider mounting surface on the inner side of the installation space for the movement of the ram; hollow holes 52 are distributed on the upper saddle and the lower saddle to reduce the weight of the saddle; reinforcing ribs 53 integrally cast in the saddle are distributed on both sides and the top wall of the saddle, and the reinforcing ribs are staggered to ensure the overall strength of the saddle after the weight is reduced.

[0044] Reference Fig.15 The ram is an integral casting to ensure its integrity. The ram has a space for installing the main shaft. The inner wall of the ram is arranged with several reinforcing ribs 54 at intervals along the length of the ram. The reinforcing ribs surround the inner periphery of the ram. The lower corners between adjacent reinforcing ribs have raised rib reinforcement sections 55. The height of the rib reinforcement sections does not exceed the reinforcing ribs, thereby ensuring the strength of the ram and reducing the weight of the ram. The ram part is an integral casting structure. Under the condition of meeting the rigidity of normal use of the equipment, the reinforcing ribs are reasonably arranged inside the cavity to achieve the purpose of reducing the weight of the casting and saving costs. The stroke of the ram is 800mm. In order to reduce the slight deformation of the ram caused by gravity, a double guide rail (six sliders) is installed on the lower side of the ram, and a double guide rail (two sliders) is installed on the upper side. Adjustment gaskets 56 are respectively provided on the eight sliders. There are slight deviations in the thickness of the six gaskets on the lower side (two in a group, a total of three groups). The thickness of the two gaskets on the upper side is ground according to the actual situation to ensure that there is no gap.

[0045] Reference Figure 16-18 A tool magazine system is arranged above the W-axis base. The tool magazine system includes a tool magazine bracket 57 whose lower end is fixed on the W-axis base. A chain tool magazine 58 is arranged above the tool magazine bracket. The chain tool magazine has multiple tools, which form a circular transmission for the tools. Its specific structure can be realized by using the existing tool magazine technology. During the use of the machining center, the tools will be damaged or broken, especially the drilling and tapping tools. Once they are broken or damaged, the workpiece will be damaged after continued use. At present, the main methods for detecting tool damage are manual detection and purchasing special detection devices. The manual detection method takes a long time, affects work efficiency, and increases extra workload. In the present application, a tool detection device 59 for detecting the tools in the chain tool magazine is provided at the upper end of the tool magazine support to solve the above problem. The tool detection device includes a detection support 60, a bearing plate 61, a servo motor 62, a driving wheel 63, a driven wheel 64, a linear guide 65, a clamping block 66, a bearing support 67, a spring sheet 68, and a proximity switch 69; the detection support is horizontally mounted above the tool magazine support, the bearing plate is fixedly mounted on one side of the detection support, the driving wheel and the driven wheel are respectively mounted on one side of the bearing plate through a rotating shaft, the servo motor is mounted on the other side of the bearing plate, and the output shaft of the servo motor is connected to the The driving wheel forms a transmission connection, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel form a transmission connection through a transmission belt 70. The linear guide is fixedly assembled on one side of the bearing plate, and the arrangement direction of the linear guide is consistent with the transmission direction of the transmission belt. The bearing bracket is slidably assembled on the linear guide, one end of the clamping block clamps the transmission belt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the bearing bracket. The proximity switch is assembled on the bearing bracket, and one end of the spring sheet is assembled on the bearing bracket through a spacer sleeve 71 (one end of the spacer sleeve is threadedly connected to the bearing bracket, and the other end is inserted into the mounting hole on the spring sheet), and the other end of the spring sheet is suspended in the air and is on the trigger end side of the proximity switch. During the installation process, first install the detection bracket on the tool magazine bracket; then fix the bearing plate to the detection bracket; install the servo motor on the bearing plate, and insert the driving wheel into the motor shaft and tighten it; install the driven wheel adjustment plate 72 (open a waist-shaped hole on the adjustment plate, insert a screw into the waist-shaped hole for locking, so as to adjust the installation position of the adjustment plate), adjust the distance between the driven wheel and the driving wheel so that the transmission belt has a certain tension, and install the driven shaft on the adjustment plate; install the deep groove ball bearing 73 into the driven wheel, and clamp it with a hole elastic retaining ring 74; then install the driven wheel into the driven shaft 75, and fix it with a flat washer and M6 screws; install the linear rail, and install the detection bracket on the linear rail slider; then install the transmission belt on the driving wheel and the driven wheel, and fix it to the detection bracket with a clamping block; install the spacer and spring sheet on the detection bracket; finally, install the proximity switch on the detection bracket. Action process: The servo motor drives the detection bracket to move towards the tool, and the spring sheet is deformed by compression. The proximity switch receives the signal and feeds it back to the control unit. This information is compared with the original tool length data to determine whether the tool is damaged.

[0046] The lifting drive mechanism includes a lifting cylinder 76 mounted on the top of the column, and a motor plus a rolling screw driving mechanism that cooperates with the lifting cylinder to drive the saddle up and down. The motor plus the rolling screw adopts a commonly used structure, such as: the motor is installed on the top of the column, the saddle has a driving block and a rolling screw threaded transmission, and the rolling screw is driven to rotate by the motor. The specific details are not described here; among them, the driving end of the lifting cylinder extends into the column and is connected to the saddle, and a pneumatic balancing system that provides a balanced air pressure for the lifting cylinder, such as Fig.19 It is shown that the pneumatic balancing system includes a two-position five-way valve 77, a pressure reducing valve 78, a boosting valve 79, a pressure switch 80, a one-way valve 81, a ball valve 82, a muffler 83, and a pressure vessel 84; the pressure vessel is horizontally arranged above the column through a pressure vessel bracket, the exhaust pipe of the pressure vessel is connected to the air inlet end of the lifting cylinder, the return pipe of the pressure vessel is connected to the air outlet end of the lifting cylinder, and there is a pressure pipe for injecting pressurized gas into the pressure vessel, the two-position five-way valve, the pressure reducing valve, the boosting valve, and the one-way valve are connected in sequence to form a connection between the pressure pipe and the return pipe of the pressure vessel, the pressure switch is connected in parallel between the one-way valve and the boosting valve, and the ball valve is connected to the muffler and then connected between the one-way valve and the return pipe of the pressure vessel; the pressure vessel is also connected to a pressure gauge 85 and a safety valve 86. The functions of each component are as follows: the cylinder balances the gas supply through the pressure vessel to maintain balance; safety valve: when the pressure of the pressure vessel exceeds 10Bar, the safety valve opens and releases gas to protect it; the function of the booster cylinder: when the pressure of the pressure vessel is insufficient, it provides a boosting function; the function of the pressure switch: when the pipeline pressure exceeds a certain value, the booster cylinder stops working; the function of the pressure reducing valve: adjusts the gas line pressure; the function of the ball valve: releases the gas in the pressure vessel during maintenance; the function of the one-way valve: a check valve; the function of the two-position five-way valve: a pipeline on-off function. If only the rolling screw drive is used, the load on the screw and motor will increase, the service life will be reduced, and the machine tool accuracy may be affected; the use of the oil cylinder + balance valve and rolling screw structure may cause instability due to the wide range of system pressure range. The design structure is mainly a motion balancing cylinder and a gas pressure vessel, and combined with a rolling screw to balance the up and down movement of the saddle. The gas volume is small and the pressure change range is small, which makes it easier to make the movement tend to a balanced state; at the same time, the load on the screw and motor is reduced, the service life is increased, and the cost is reduced.

Claims

1. A precision horizontal machining center, comprising an X-axis base, a W-axis base, a column, a spindle, and a workpiece platform, characterized in that: A support slide rail is fixedly arranged on the left and right directions of the X-axis base, the lower end of the column is slidably mounted on the support slide rail, a column driving mechanism for driving the column to slide left and right on the slide rail is arranged on the X-axis base, the column is a door-shaped frame, a guide slide rail is fixedly arranged on the column in the vertical direction, a slide saddle is arranged in the column, the slide saddle is an installation space, a slide ram that slides forward and backward is slidably mounted in the installation space, the spindle is assembled in the slide ram, and a spindle motor assembled on the slide ram drives the spindle to rotate around itself, The outer periphery of the saddle is slidably mounted on the guide rail. A lifting drive mechanism is arranged above the column to drive the saddle to slide up and down along the guide rail. An anti-fall protection mechanism is arranged between the column and the saddle to prevent the saddle from falling. The workpiece platform is mounted above the W-axis base and is located on one side of the spindle; A connection adjustment mechanism is provided between the X-axis base and the W-axis base to adjust the parallelism and alignment between the two when the X-axis base and the W-axis base are assembled; Assembly notches are provided on both sides of the X-axis base, and a connection adjustment mechanism is arranged in each assembly notch, the connection adjustment mechanism comprising an adjustment block, and left and right adjustment bolts and a horizontal adjustment bolt that are threadedly matched with the adjustment block. The adjustment block is placed in the assembly notch, and the adjustment block is locked at the end of the W-axis base by a locking screw. The left and right adjustment bolts pass through the adjustment block in the horizontal direction, and the front ends of the left and right adjustment bolts press against one side inner wall of the assembly notch. The horizontal adjustment bolt passes through the adjustment block in the vertical direction, and the nut end of the horizontal adjustment bolt presses against the top wall in the assembly notch. The anti-fall protection mechanism includes an anti-fall device, a guide rod, a pressure cover, a flange, a connecting shaft, and a fixed block. The fixed block is fixedly connected to the saddle, the lower end of the connecting shaft is a stopper, and the fixed block has a limiting space for the stopper at the lower end of the connecting shaft to be inserted. The stopper is inserted into the limiting space from the side of the fixed block. After the stopper is inserted into the limiting space, the limiting space limits the movement of the stopper in the up and down directions. The upper end of the connecting shaft is fixedly connected to the lower end of the guide rod, the connecting shaft and the guide rod are coaxial, the guide rod is arranged in a vertical direction, the flange is fixedly assembled on the top of the column, the anti-fall device is fixedly arranged in the flange, a pressure cover is connected to the flange, and the upper end of the guide rod passes through the anti-fall device and is above the pressure cover The anti-fall device includes an annular body, a retaining plate is fixedly arranged above the annular body, the upper part of the annular body is a conical cavity, the lower part of the annular body is a yield channel for the guide rod to pass through, a guide hole for the yield guide rod is opened on the retaining plate, a wedge-shaped clamp is arranged in the conical cavity, a spring is arranged between the upper end of the wedge-shaped clamp and the retaining plate, a piston shaft is arranged below the wedge-shaped clamp, and a medium cavity is arranged below the piston shaft. The medium is introduced into the medium cavity to push the piston shaft upward and compress the spring upward with the wedge-shaped clamp to move, and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamp is separated from the outer wall of the guide rod. After the medium pressure in the medium cavity is withdrawn, the spring pushes the wedge-shaped clamp to move downward, and the inner wall of the wedge-shaped clamp contacts the outer wall of the guide rod to form a clamping force.

2. A precision horizontal machining center as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An X-axis centering device is installed on one side of the main shaft on the X-axis base, which includes a bracket and a positioning shaft. The bracket includes a bottom bracket fixedly connected to one side of the X-axis base through a connecting piece, the bottom bracket is arranged in a horizontal direction, and an outer inclined bracket fixedly arranged on the bottom bracket and inclined outward, the upper end of the outer inclined bracket has a horizontal assembly platform, the positioning shaft is vertically assembled on the assembly platform, and the side of the positioning shaft is the positioning coordinate test point of the machining center.

3. A precision horizontal machining center as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The saddle includes an upper saddle and a lower saddle, which are positioned and connected by pins and bolts to form a whole, and the above-mentioned installation space is formed at the lower part of the upper saddle and the upper part of the upper saddle; hollow holes are distributed on the upper saddle and the lower saddle; the ram is an integral casting, and reinforcing ribs are arranged on the inner cavity wall of the ram.

4. A precision horizontal machining center as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A tool magazine system is arranged above the W-axis base, and the tool magazine system includes a tool magazine bracket whose lower end is fixed on the W-axis base, a chain tool magazine is arranged above the tool magazine bracket, and a tool detection device for detecting tools in the chain tool magazine is arranged at the upper end of the tool magazine bracket, and the tool detection device includes a detection bracket, a bearing plate, a servo motor, a driving wheel, a driven wheel, a linear guide rail, a clamping block, a bearing bracket, a spring sheet, and a proximity switch; the detection bracket is horizontally mounted above the tool magazine bracket, the bearing plate is fixedly mounted on one side of the detection bracket, and the driving wheel and the driven wheel are respectively mounted on one side of the bearing plate through a rotating shaft, The servo motor is assembled on the other side of the carrier plate, the output shaft of the servo motor forms a transmission connection with the driving wheel, the driving wheel and the driven wheel form a transmission connection through a transmission belt, the linear guide is fixedly assembled on one side of the carrier plate, the arrangement direction of the linear guide is consistent with the transmission direction of the transmission belt, the carrier bracket is slidably assembled on the linear guide, one end of the clamping block clamps the transmission belt, and the other end is fixedly connected to the carrier bracket, the proximity switch is assembled on the carrier bracket, one end of the spring sheet is assembled on the carrier bracket through a spacer, and the other end of the spring sheet is suspended and is on the trigger end side of the proximity switch.

5. A precision horizontal machining center as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting drive mechanism includes a lifting cylinder mounted on the column, the driving end of the lifting cylinder extends into the column and is connected to the sliding saddle, and a pneumatic balancing system that provides balanced air pressure for the lifting cylinder, and the pneumatic balancing system includes a two-position five-way valve, a pressure reducing valve, a pressure boosting valve, a pressure switch, a one-way valve, a ball valve, a muffler, and a pressure vessel; The pressure vessel is horizontally arranged above the column through a pressure vessel bracket, the exhaust pipe of the pressure vessel is connected to the air inlet end of the lifting cylinder, the return pipe of the pressure vessel is connected to the air outlet end of the lifting cylinder, and a pressure pipe for injecting pressurized gas into the pressure vessel, a two-position five-way valve, a pressure reducing valve, a boosting valve, and a one-way valve are connected in sequence to form a connection between the pressure pipe and the return pipe of the pressure vessel, a pressure switch is connected between the one-way valve and the boosting valve, and the ball valve is connected to the muffler and then connected between the one-way valve and the return pipe of the pressure vessel; the pressure vessel is also connected to a pressure gauge and a safety valve.

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