A method for the translation and reversal of shield machines in operating stations with limited space

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for the translation and reversal of a shield machine in an operating station with limited space. The specific steps of the reversal method in the present invention are: before the shield machine reaches the receiving tunnel door of the end well, the bottom of the end well is leveled and covered with steel plates, and the shield machine receiving bracket is installed. When the shield machine is completely received on the bracket, the pipeline connection between the shield machine and the carriage is removed, the shield machine is fixed to the bracket, the bracket is lifted and lowered onto the steel plate by a jacking device, and translated to the secondary starting position by a jack; then the trolley is dragged along the tunnel that has been completed by the shield to the starting shaft of the tunnel for reversing, and then dragged to the station by a battery car, and the trolley translation bracket is translated to the secondary starting end and spliced ​​with the shield machine for secondary shield starting. The present invention realizes the overall translation of the shield body and the translation and reversal of the trolley even in the absence of hoisting conditions, reducing the risk of disassembly and assembly of the shield machine and the workload of the operation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of shield machine construction, and in particular to a method for translational turning of a shield machine in an operating station with limited space. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the current society and the continuous updating of the science and technology era, the volume pressure of the city has increased suddenly. Therefore, the means of large-scale underground space exploitation will be adopted to alleviate it and increase the city's capacity. The shield machine is the preferred equipment in the current subway construction field. It is a special engineering machinery for tunnel excavation. The equipment has the functions of excavating and cutting soil, conveying soil ballast, assembling tunnel lining, measuring and guiding deviation correction, etc. It can meet the entire excavation and support process, and has the advantages of safety and speed.

[0003] During the tunnel shield construction process, according to the construction deployment, one shield machine is often used to complete the excavation tasks of two lines in a shield section. When the shield machine completes the excavation of one tunnel, it needs to turn around to start the excavation of the second adjacent tunnel. The usual practice is to dismantle the shield body and trolley of the shield machine at the end well of the first tunnel, hoist and transport them to the starting station of the second adjacent tunnel, and then assemble them. Due to the large weight and volume of the shield body and trolley of the shield machine, large lifting equipment and space for lifting and rotation are required when lifting and turning. The installation of large lifting equipment has high requirements for the construction environment and takes a long time. The whole tool also has the disadvantages of complex process and long construction period. Moreover, when the end well of the shield machine is on the negative second floor of the station that has been in operation, since the upper station has been completed, the bearing capacity of the station is poor during operation, and there is no installation and lifting environment for large lifting equipment. In addition, the space in the station is limited and cannot be rotated and hoisted, so the turning of the shield machine and trolley cannot be carried out.

[0004] Publication No. CN101435332A discloses a construction method for turning a shield machine in situ, which is to divide the shield machine into two sections, rotate and translate 180° in the side shaft and the working shaft, and then splice and restore. This method requires sufficient rotation space, and the shield machine and the trolley cannot be rotated if the receiving shaft space is narrow. In addition, this construction method also requires the shield machine to be disassembled, and the disassembly and assembly of the shield machine increases the process difficulty and construction period. A large number of jacks are required during its advancement and rotation, and the process is complicated and the construction cost is high.

[0005] The shield machine top-pushing turning method in the shield method construction of subway tunnels with authorization announcement number CN102400690B is to directly lay a crushed stone cushion layer and a coarse sand cushion layer on the bottom plate cushion layer, and then lay a steel plate, use the steel plate as the shield machine carrier, and then use the top-pushing hydraulic cylinder and the reaction base to translate the shield machine to the middle of the end well, and then use the hoisting tool to hoist and rotate 180 degrees to turn around. In this method, it is necessary to use a cushion layer to raise the bottom height of the shield receiving well to the design height of the receiving frame, so that the shield machine can move directly on the steel plate. If the height difference between the bottom of the receiving well and the design height of the receiving frame is too large, a large amount of crushed stone and coarse sand will be needed for paving, which is relatively wasteful of construction materials and increases the construction intensity; and the turning around of the trolley still requires hoisting and rotation. The turning around of the trolley cannot be carried out in construction areas where there are no hoisting and rotation conditions such as limited space height, narrow space, and insufficient bearing capacity of the hoisting structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for the translation and turning of a shield machine in an operating station with limited space. The method can solve the translation and turning of a shield machine and a trolley in an environment without hoisting conditions and with a small space, thereby improving construction efficiency while reducing construction costs.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for translation and reversal of a shield machine in an operating station with limited space, wherein the end shaft of the shield machine is located in a closed operating station, and the method is characterized by the following specific steps:

[0008] (1) Before the shield machine reaches the receiving tunnel of the end shaft, the bottom of the end shaft is leveled and covered with steel plates. The shield machine receiving bracket is installed on the steel plate at the receiving tunnel of the end shaft along the excavation direction of the shield machine. The shield machine receiving bracket is padded to the receiving height of the shield machine with pads, and the tunnel sealing device is installed to prepare for the shield machine to receive;

[0009] (2) After the shield machine completes the excavation and is successfully received, the entire shield body is completely located on the receiving bracket, the pipeline connection between the shield machine and the platform workshop is removed, and the shield machine is fixedly connected to the receiving bracket, and then at least two sets of jacking bases and support bases are welded on both sides of the shield body, and the jacking base and support base are both set at the positions on both sides of the bracket, and each support base is placed near the jacking base;

[0010] (3) After step (2) is completed, the shield machine is lifted. A lifting mechanism is installed under each lifting base, and the height of each lifting mechanism after being fully retracted is less than the distance between the bottom surface of the lifting base and the bottom surface of the bracket. Multiple lifting mechanisms are externally connected to a hydraulic station, and the hydraulic station controls them to lift the shield machine and the bracket at the same time. After the bracket is separated from the cushion block, a support member is installed at the bottom of each support base, and the height of the support member is greater than the distance between the bottom surface of the support member and the bottom surface of the cushion block. After the support member is installed, the bracket is supported by the lifting mechanism and the support member. After ensuring safety, the cushion block under the bracket is cleaned. At this time, the lifting mechanism maintains a pressure-maintaining state;

[0011] (4) After the pads under the bracket are cleaned, the lifting mechanism continues to lift the bracket upward to separate it from the supporting member, and then remove the supporting member. The lifting mechanism is then retracted to drive the bracket and the shield body to descend as a whole until the bottom of the bracket contacts the steel plate at the bottom of the end well, and the lifting mechanism is further retracted to separate it from the bracket, and then the lifting mechanism is closed and removed;

[0012] (5) After the jacking work in step (4) is completed, the translation and reversing route of the shield machine is designed according to the size of the end shaft and the shield machine, and the translation process is simulated by computer to determine the translation route of the shield machine and the installation position of the reaction base. Then, the reaction frame is installed according to the design requirements, and the jacking mechanism in step (3) is used as a propulsion mechanism to push the shield machine to translate and reversing in the end shaft according to the designed route to the starting tunnel entrance of the adjacent tunnel;

[0013] (6) After step (5) is completed, the shield machine and the bracket are lifted to the shield starting height by the lifting mechanism and the supporting member in the manner of step (3), and a pad is installed under the bracket. The connecting steel plate between the shield machine and the bracket is cut to separate them, in preparation for the second start;

[0014] (7) After the shield machine has turned around, the subsequent trolleys will start turning around. First, the multiple trolleys are disassembled from each other, and each trolley is dragged to the starting shaft of the tunnel along the tunnel that has been traversed by the shield machine using a battery car. The trolleys are then hoisted to the ground by a hoisting device, rotated 180°, and turned around. The trolleys are then lowered to the starting shaft of the tunnel that has been traversed, and transported to the terminal shaft along the tunnel that has been traversed. The order of turning around and lowering into the shaft is carried out in the order of the shield machine assembly. After all the trolleys have turned around, they are lowered into the shaft and transported to the terminal shaft in turn.

[0015] (8) When all the trolleys are turned around and transported to the receiving hole of the terminal shaft in step (7), a battery car track is laid in the terminal shaft along the excavation direction of the shield machine to the station adjacent to the terminal shaft, and at the same time, a trolley starting track is laid in the terminal shaft along the starting direction of the shield machine, and one end of the trolley starting track extends horizontally to the station of the terminal shaft; when the trolley is transported to the station along the battery car track in the terminal shaft, a trolley translation steel plate is laid between the battery car track and the trolley starting track in the station to form a trolley translation area, and the trolley is transferred to the trolley translation bracket, and then the translation bracket and the trolley are driven by the translation device to translate along the trolley translation steel plate to the trolley starting track; the trolley translation bracket is provided with two, which are placed in parallel under the front wheel and the rear wheel of the trolley, and the laying direction thereof is perpendicular to the tunnel axis direction;

[0016] (9) When the trolley is transferred to the trolley departure track, the trolley is moved along the trolley departure track to the trolley assembly area in the station by a winch or battery locomotive;

[0017] (10) Repeat steps (8) to (9) to transfer multiple sections to the trolley assembly area in the station in the order of shield machine assembly, then assemble the trolley in sequence and connect it to the shield machine, restore the pipeline, and wait for the second shield machine to start.

[0018] A more preferred technical solution of the present invention: in the step (1), yellow sand is used for leveling, and the thickness of the laid steel plate is 2 to 3 cm.

[0019] The preferred technical solution of the present invention is as follows: in the step (2), the shield body and the receiving bracket are fixed by connecting steel plates, and 3 to 5 metal steel plates are welded on each side; the jacking base and the supporting base are both composed of a load-bearing bottom plate and a plurality of circular arc support plates, and the plurality of circular arc support plates are welded on the load-bearing bottom plate in parallel and equidistantly, and the arc surfaces are oriented in the same direction, the arc diameter of each circular arc support plate is equal to the outer diameter of the shield body, and is welded to the shield body of the shield machine through its arc surface, and the load-bearing surface of the jacking base is 20 to 30 cm higher than the load-bearing surface of the supporting base.

[0020] A further technical solution of the present invention: the jacking mechanism of step (3) is composed of a base and a jack fixed on the base, the jack is fixed at the center of the base, and a plurality of reinforcing rib plates are arranged around the jack. The jack is placed under the jacking base during the jacking process, and its jacking end contacts the bottom surface of the jacking base to control the overall lifting and lowering of the shield body and the bracket of the shield machine, and the height of the jack after it is fully retracted is less than the distance between the bottom surface of the jacking base and the bottom surface of the bracket; the supporting structure is composed of a supporting bottom plate, a jacking plate and a plurality of supporting plates fixed between the supporting bottom plate and the jacking plate, and the plurality of supporting plates are connected to each other.

[0021] A more preferred technical solution of the present invention: during the translation of the shield body of the shield machine in step (5), the reaction base and the jacking mechanism are repeatedly disassembled and assembled according to the designed route for advancement, and the reaction frame can be directly welded on the metal steel plate to ensure that the shield body does not collide with the load-bearing columns and other construction structures of the receiving shaft during the advancement process.

[0022] A further technical solution of the present invention is as follows: in the step (7), when the trolley is dragged along the tunnel that has passed through to the starting shaft of the tunnel, the front of the battery trolley is first separated from the trailer, and the front of the battery trolley is connected to the trolley, and then the trolley tracks on both sides of the battery trolley trailer are raised to form a slope, and the trolley is directly dragged along the slope to the battery trolley trailer by the front of the battery trolley, and then the front of the battery trolley is separated from the trolley, and the trailer with the trolley is connected to transport the trolley. By using existing machinery and a simple slope-changing design, the trolley loading process is realized, the construction period is shortened, the workload of the jacking is saved, and the safety risk is reduced.

[0023] A further technical solution of the present invention: in the step (8), the trolley is transferred from the battery car track to the trolley translation bracket. Specifically, a lifting mechanism is installed on the top plate of the station to vertically lift the trolley to separate it from the battery car, then the battery car is moved away, and then the battery car track in the area directly below the trolley is removed, and a steel plate is laid in the area so that it is seamlessly connected with the steel plate in the translation area, and two trolley translation brackets are placed parallel to the steel plate directly below the trolley, and the two trolley translation brackets correspond to the front wheel and rear wheel positions of the trolley respectively, and finally the trolley is vertically lowered onto the translation bracket by the lifting mechanism.

[0024] A further technical solution of the present invention: the trolley translation device in the step (8) includes two winches and two sets of fixed pulleys, the two sets of fixed pulleys are fixedly installed on the station side wall in the trolley translation direction, each winch is fixed on both sides of the shield machine trolley translation line, and the two winches are respectively connected to the two translation brackets under the trolley through steel wire ropes, one end of each steel wire rope is fixed to the front end of the translation bracket, and the other end is connected to the winch after being wound around the fixed pulley, the winch provides the shield machine trolley translation force, and the fixed pulley provides the reaction force, driving the shield machine trolley to translate to the side of the trolley starting track; then, a slope is set between the translation bracket and the trolley starting track using steel plates, and the steel wire rope connected to the translation bracket is disassembled and directly connected to the trolley, and the trolley is directly dragged along the set slope to the trolley starting track.

[0025] A further technical solution of the present invention: in the step (8), each trolley translation bracket has symmetrically provided trolley wheel clamps on its upper surface, and the center distance between the two wheel clamps is equal to the spacing between the left and right wheels of the trolley; and two wheel clamping grooves are provided on the wheel clamps, and the widths of the two wheel clamping grooves are both opposite to the widths of the convex edges on both sides of the trolley wheels, and the spacing between the two wheel clamping grooves is equal to the width of the concave part in the middle of the shield machine trolley wheel. After the trolley is placed on the trolley translation bracket, the two wheels on the front side of the trolley are placed on the two wheel clamps of the front trolley translation bracket, and the two wheels on the rear side are placed on the two wheel clamps of the rear trolley translation bracket, and the convex edges on both sides of each wheel are correspondingly clamped in the wheel clamping grooves, so that the trolley is clamped to prevent the trolley from detaching from the trolley translation bracket during translation.

[0026] A further technical solution of the present invention: the trolley translation bracket in the step (8) includes a translation base plate and a translation pull plate with a lifting hole arranged in front of the translation base plate, and two sliding bases are arranged at the bottom of the translation base plate, each sliding base includes a square outer frame, a square inner frame and a ball embedded between the square outer frame and the square inner frame, and a ball fixing groove with an eight-shaped cross-section is formed between the square outer frame and the square inner frame, and the small opening diameter of the eight-shaped ball fixing groove is smaller than the diameter of the ball, and the large opening diameter is greater than or equal to the diameter of the ball, the ball is embedded in the ball fixing groove from its larger diameter opening, and is welded to the bottom surface of the translation base through the larger diameter opening surface, and after welding, the lower part of the ball protrudes out of the lower bottom surface of the square outer frame and the square inner frame and directly contacts the steel plate in the moving area.

[0027] The translation and turning of the shield machine in the present invention follows the principle of "fixed-point rotation and short-scale advancement". According to the simulated numerical values ​​of the computer in the three-dimensional confined space, the two-dimensional coordinates of the bracket on the bottom steel plate of the receiving shaft are found out by using the relative coordinate system, and the reaction base point and angle are continuously changed to avoid or reduce the influence of the original structure of the station during the translation and turning process, so that the shield body and the bracket as a whole can realize a 180° rotation in the receiving shaft and a whole translation process of the horizontal distance between the axis of the first tunnel that has been penetrated and the axis of the second tunnel to be started.

[0028] The method of the present invention is to divide the shield body and the trolley of the shield machine into two stages for turning, and jointly realize the double speed of separation and synchronization. The turning of the shield body adopts a jacking mechanism for vertical lifting, so that it can be smoothly lowered to the bottom of the shield receiving shaft, and a steel plate is laid in the shield receiving shaft area to facilitate the overall movement of the shield machine and the bracket. The jack of the shield vertical lifting mechanism is used as the translational power source of the shield machine during the movement of the shield machine, which reasonably utilizes the existing shield construction tools and reduces the construction cost. After the shield machine moves into place, the jack is used as the power source for lifting the shield machine to lift it to the starting height of the shield machine, so as to prepare for the start of the secondary shield machine.

[0029] The trolley turning method in the present invention is to use the tunnel that has been penetrated to transport the trolley to the starting shaft of the penetrated tunnel by an electric car, and then lift it to the ground in the starting shaft by a gantry crane for turning before going down the shaft, and use its own electric car to provide power to drag the trolley to the station on the side of the shield receiving shaft, and translate it in the station; the present invention uses mechanical equipment to realize the trolley turning in other hoisting shafts, which reduces the construction difficulty in the process of trolley translation and U-turn, and the trolley is transferred to the electric car tray by the slope design of the trolley track, which reduces the lifting and lowering work when the subsequent matching trolley is loaded, and the trolley bracket uses a translation tool processed by rolling steel balls during the translation process to change the friction type, thereby improving the translation speed, reducing the ability of the side wall lifting ears to bear the reaction force, and increasing the stability and flexibility of the translation.

[0030] The method of the present invention can be flexibly adjusted according to the construction environment. It can be applied to both construction areas with a wide space and narrow construction environments without hoisting conditions. It solves the problem that the existing shield machine turning method is affected by the construction environment, and realizes the overall translation of the shield body and the turning and translation of the trolley in a closed station without hoisting conditions and with limited space, reducing the disassembly and assembly risks and workload of the shield machine, as well as the problem of turning the trolley in an environment with limited space. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figures 1 to 3 It is a schematic diagram of the shield machine receiving and the cushion layer cleaning process under the bracket of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the shield machine jacking device in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the shield machine in the jacking state of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the shield machine in the present invention being lowered and placed on a steel plate;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the jacking mechanism in the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the supporting member in the present invention;

[0037] Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of the jacking base and the supporting base in the present invention;

[0038] Fig.10 It is the turning trajectory of the shield machine in the implementation of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 10-1 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the reaction force base in the present invention;

[0040] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the trolley returning to its starting shaft along the through tunnel in the embodiment;

[0041] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the embodiment in which the trolley turns around and moves into the station;

[0042] Fig.13 is a schematic diagram of the platform in the embodiment in a translation state within a station;

[0043] Fig.14 is a schematic diagram of the trolley in the embodiment being towed to the assembly area after arriving at the trolley starting track;

[0044] Figure 14-1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the trolley in the embodiment after all the trolleys are translated;

[0045] Fig.15 It is a top view of the trolley when it is translated;

[0046] Fig.16 yes Fig.15 Middle AA section view;

[0047] Fig.17 yes Fig.15 Middle BB section view;

[0048] Fig.18 It is a front structural schematic diagram of the trolley bracket in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 18-1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting lug in the present invention;

[0050] Fig.19 It is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the trolley bracket in the present invention;

[0051] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the trolley bracket in the present invention;

[0052] Fig.21 It is a structural schematic diagram of the sliding base in the present invention;

[0053] Fig. 22 It is a partial enlarged schematic diagram of the sliding base in the present invention.

[0054] In the figure: 1—lifting mechanism, 1-1—base, 1-2—jack, 1-3—reinforcement plate, 2—support member, 2-1—support bottom plate, 2-2—lifting plate, 2-3—support plate, 3—lifting base, 3-1—load-bearing bottom plate, 3-2—arc support plate, 4—support base, 5—shield machine bracket, 6—shield machine, 7—pad, 8—connecting steel plate, 9—trolley, 9-1—trolley wheel, 10—trolley translation bracket, 10-1 —Translation base, 10-2—Pull plate, 10-3—Wheel clamping plate, 10-4—Sliding base, 10-41—Square outer frame, 10-42—Square inner frame, 10-43—Ball, 10-44—Ball fixing groove, 10-5—Wheel clamping groove, 10-6—Lifting ear, 11—Wire rope, 12—Fixed pulley, 13—Wind, 14—C station, 15—Electric car track, 16—Trolley starting track, 17—Trolley translation steel plate, 18—End well, 19—Well bottom steel plate, 20—Shield tunnel that has been penetrated, 21—Tunnel starting well that has been penetrated, 22—Load-bearing column, 23—Reaction base, 24—Tractor mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Figures 1 to 20 The drawings are all of embodiments, which are drawn in a simplified manner and are only used for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the embodiments of the present invention. The technical solutions shown in the following drawings are specific solutions of the embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0056] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "left", "right", etc. indicate directions or positional relationships based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, or are directions or positional relationships in which the product of the invention is usually placed when in use, or are directions or positional relationships commonly understood by those skilled in the art. These directions or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it is also necessary to explain that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms such as "setting" and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0058] The present invention divides the shield machine and the subsequent trolley into two steps for translation and turning. During the turning process of the shield machine, a shield machine jacking device is used for the shield machine turning. The device is mainly used for fixing the shield machine 6 and the shield machine bracket 5 with the connecting steel plate 8 after the shield machine completes the shield excavation construction task and receives and arrives at the terminal shaft 18, and then the shield machine 6 and the shield machine bracket 5 are lifted and lowered as a whole through the jacking device to place them stably on the steel plate at the bottom of the terminal shaft 18 for translation. When the shield machine connecting bracket translates and turns in the terminal shaft 18 to the starting entrance of the adjacent tunnel, it is jacked to the starting height by the device to prepare for the second start. The present invention uses the existing battery car, trolley translation bracket and trolley translation device during the shield construction period to perform translation and U-turn during the trolley translation and U-turn process. Mainly, after the trolley returns to its starting shaft along the penetrated tunnel 20, it is lifted to the ground by a gantry crane for U-turn, and then transported to the station along the penetrated tunnel 20. Subsequently, the trolley translation bracket and the trolley translation device are used to translate it to the starting line of the adjacent tunnel, and assembled with the shield machine 6 that has already turned for a second start.

[0059] In the embodiment, the shield machine turning head jacking device used when the shield machine turns head, such as Figures 4 to 6As shown, it includes two groups of lifting components and two groups of supporting components symmetrically arranged on both sides of the shield machine bracket 5. The two groups of lifting components are distributed at the front and rear parts of the shield body. The distance between the welding points is distributed according to the physical geometric center of gravity to ensure smooth lifting. Each group of supporting components is arranged at a position adjacent to the lifting components. Each group of lifting components is composed of a lifting mechanism 1 and a lifting base 3 welded on the shield body 1 of the shield machine, and each group of supporting components is composed of a supporting member 2 and a supporting base 4 welded on the shield body 1 of the shield machine. The height of the bottom surface of the supporting base 4 from the ground is lower than the height of the bottom surface of the lifting base 3 from the ground. Generally, the height difference is about 20 cm, which can meet the principle of jacking. When the oil cylinder has a slight decompression and causes the jack to retract, its supporting structure can share part of the gravity, the oil cylinder pressure is reduced, and the retraction value can be reduced or even zero. Moreover, the height of the support base 4 from the ground is low, and the height of its support member 2 will be reduced accordingly, thereby reducing the operation risk, and also reducing the processing stiffness strength and stability requirements of the support member 2. In addition, the irregularity of the structure of the outer side of the shield body and the irregular distribution of the internal structure lead to errors in the theoretical value of the calculation of the physical center of the shield body. The distribution mode of the two bases with height difference expands the effective area, and also avoids the problem of force concentration and the limitation of the grouting pipe protrusion structure at the tail position of the equipment shield. The height of the support base 4 is greater than or equal to the distance between the bottom surface of the support member 2 and the bottom surface of the pad 7. After the jacking mechanism 1 jacks the shield body together with the bracket, the bracket can be raised through the support base 4. After ensuring safety, the pad 7 at the bottom of the bracket can be cleaned. The jacks of the four groups of jacking mechanisms 1 are all hydraulic jacks, and are equipped with a separate hydraulic pump station. The four 200T jacks are controlled simultaneously by the hydraulic pump station.

[0060] In the embodiment, the shield machine turning head jacking device used when the shield machine turns head, such as Figure 7 As shown, the lifting mechanism 1 is composed of a base 1-1 and a jack 1-2 fixed on the base 1-1. The jack 1-2 is fixed at the center of the base 1-1, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs 1-3 are arranged around the jack 1-2. Figure 5 As shown, the jack 1-2 is placed under the jacking base 3 during the jacking process, and its jacking end contacts the bottom surface of the jacking base 3 to control the overall lifting of the shield body 6 and the shield bracket 5 of the shield machine. The height of the jack 1-2 after it is fully retracted (i.e., the height of the jack cylinder) is less than the distance between the bottom surface of the jacking base 3 and the bottom surface of the bracket 5, ensuring that after the jack 1-2 is retracted, the bottom surface of the bracket 5 can contact the steel plate at the bottom surface of the starting receiving shaft, and the jacking mechanism 1 can be taken out. Figure 8 As shown, the support structure 2 is composed of a support bottom plate 2-1, a lifting plate 2-2, and a plurality of support plates 2-3 fixed between the support bottom plate 2-1 and the lifting plate 2-2, and the plurality of support plates 2-3 are connected to each other. Fig. 9As shown, the lifting base 3 and the supporting base 4 are both composed of a load-bearing bottom plate 3-1 and three arc support plates 3-2. Multiple arc support plates 3-2 are welded on the load-bearing bottom plate 3-1 in parallel and equidistantly, and the arc surfaces are oriented in the same direction. The arc diameter of each arc support plate 3-2 is equal to the outer diameter of the shield body, and is welded to the shield body 6 of the shield machine through its arc surface. The lifting base 3, the supporting base 4, the base 1-1 of the lifting mechanism 1 and the reinforcing rib plate 1-3 are all made of steel plates with a thickness of 2 to 3 cm, the arc support plates 3-2 are made of 50*50 cm square steel plates, and the load-bearing bottom plate 3-1 is made of 70*70 cm square steel plates. The base 1-1 of the lifting mechanism 1 is made of a 100*100cm square steel plate, and the reinforcing rib plate 1-3 is a 50*60cm triangular plate; the lifting plate and the bottom plate of the supporting base 4 are both made of a 50*50cm square steel plate, and the height of the supporting plate is 60cm.

[0061] The trolley translation bracket 10 used in the trolley translation process in the embodiment is as follows: Figures 18 to 20 As shown, it includes a translation base 10-1 and a translation pull plate 10-2 welded to the front end of the translation base 10-1. The translation base 10-1 is made of a steel plate strip with a thickness of 2 cm. The translation pull plate 10-2 is welded to one side of the translation base 10-1. The translation pull plate 10-2 is made of a steel plate with a thickness of 2 cm. The pull plate has a diameter of 25 cm and a pull hole is opened on the pull plate. A trolley wheel clamp plate 10-3 is symmetrically provided on the upper surface of the translation base 10-1, and a wheel clamping groove 10-5 is provided on the wheel clamp plate 10-3, and the center distance between the two wheel clamp plates 10-3 is equal to the spacing between the left and right trolley wheels 9-1 of the trolley 9 of the shield machine. There are two wheel clamping grooves 10-5 on the wheel clamp plate 10-3, and the width of the two wheel clamping grooves 10-5 is opposite to the width of the convex edges on both sides of the trolley wheel 9-1, and the spacing between the two wheel clamping grooves 10-5 is equal to the width of the concave area in the middle of the trolley wheel 9-1. Fig.16 Fig.17 As shown, when the shield machine trolley 9 is placed on the translation base 1, the wheels on the left and right sides are respectively placed on the wheel clamping plate 3. Since the wheels of the shield machine trolley 4 are a structure with a concave middle and convex sides, the convex edges on both sides of the wheels will be correspondingly inserted into the wheel clamping groove 5 to fix it and prevent the shield machine trolley from moving on the translation base 10-1. Two sliding bases 10-4 are provided at the bottom of the translation base 10-1. Each sliding base 10-4 is welded at the position corresponding to the wheel clamping plate 10-3, and its area is less than or equal to the area of ​​the wheel clamping plate 10-3. The center point of the pulling hole of the translation pull plate 10-2, the center point of the wheel clamping plate 10-3 and the center point of the sliding base 10-4 are all set on the center line of the translation base 1.

[0062] like Fig.18As shown, four lifting ears 10-6 are distributed on the upper surface of the translation base 1. The specific structure of the lifting ears 10-6 is as follows: Figure 18-1 As shown, it is welded by a cylindrical support platform, a circular support plate and a semicircular steel plate with hanging holes. The diameter of the circular support plate is larger than that of the cylindrical support platform. The total height is 20 cm. The distribution positions of the four hanging ears 10-6 are as follows Fig.18 As shown, two of them are distributed near the trolley wheel clamp 10-3, and the other two are distributed on the edge of the translation base 1. The lifting ear 10-6 has two functions. One is to serve as the lifting ear 10-6 when transferring the translation base, and to suspend the upper lifting ear 10-6 during the transfer. The second is to serve as the action point when the trolley needs to turn or the wire rope 11 needs to replace the auxiliary lifting point, acting on the lower cylinder. The top pancake body prevents the wire rope 11 from slipping, and at the same time to ensure that the upper lifting ear is firmly welded.

[0063] The sliding base 10-4 in the embodiment is as follows Fig.21 As shown, it includes a square outer frame 10-41, a square inner frame 10-42 and a ball 10-43 embedded between the square outer frame 10-41 and the square inner frame 10-42. Fig. 22 As shown, a ball fixing groove 10-44 with an eight-shaped cross section is formed between the square outer frame 10-41 and the square inner frame 10-42, and the small diameter of the eight-shaped ball fixing groove 10-44 is smaller than the diameter of the ball 10-43, and the large diameter is greater than or equal to the diameter of the ball 10-43. The ball 10-43 is embedded in the ball fixing groove 10-44 from its larger diameter opening, and is welded to the bottom surface of the translation base 10-1 through the larger diameter opening surface, ensuring that the ball 10-44 will not fall off, and can rotate 360 ​​degrees between the square outer frame 10-41 and the square inner frame 10-42, and the installation method of the ball 10-43 can also be similar to the installation method of the rolling bearing. After welding, the lower part of the ball 10-43 protrudes from the lower bottom surface of the square outer frame 10-41 and the square inner frame 10-42 and directly contacts the ground in the moving area. The square outer frame 10-41 and the square inner frame 10-42 are both made of square steel plates. The heights of the square outer frame 10-41 and the square inner frame 10-42 are equal, and their widths are smaller than the width of the translation base 10-1.

[0064] The specific construction method of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with an embodiment. The embodiment is specifically a subway project constructed by the applicant. The entire project includes two stations and two sections. The shield section is a single-line double-circle structure, which are Station A to Station B and Station B to Station C. Station C is a subway operating station that has been opened. The station is a double-layer structure. There is only one exposed staircase from the ground to the underground first floor of the station. The rest of the ground roads, buildings and greenery have been restored to their original state. Since Station B has become closed, there is no hoisting condition in the end well, and hoisting and turning cannot be performed. Moreover, the bottom surface of the end well is much lower than the shield tunnel. In order to enable the shield machine to receive normally, it is necessary to set a pad on the receiving bracket to raise it; Station B is equipped with multiple load-bearing columns 15, and the spacing between the load-bearing columns is small. The trolley cannot be directly translated and turned in the station. The upper level of the station is an operating station with poor load-bearing capacity and cannot be installed with large hoisting equipment. The height of the station on the negative second floor is only 30-50cm higher than the trolley, and hoisting and turning cannot be performed. In order to enable the shield body and the trolley of the shield machine to turn in the station, the construction project adopts the method of the present invention to turn, and its turning is divided into two parts: the shield machine and the trolley. The specific construction steps are as follows:

[0065] (1) Before the shield machine 6 reaches the receiving portal of the end well 18 on the side of the B station 14, the bottom of the end well 18 is first leveled with yellow sand, and then a 2-3 cm thick steel plate is laid. The shield machine receiving bracket is installed on the steel plate at the receiving portal of the end well 18 along the shield machine excavation direction. The shield machine receiving bracket is installed according to the measurement technology briefing. The height is adjusted by adding a pad 7 under the bracket, with an average height of about 50 cm, so that it meets the shield machine receiving height, and the portal sealing device is installed to prepare for the shield machine receiving;

[0066] (2) After the shield machine 6 is completely received on the shield machine bracket 5, Figure 1 As shown, the pipeline connection between the shield machine 6 and the trolley 9 is removed, and the shield machine 6 and the shield machine bracket 5 are fixedly connected by connecting steel plates 8, four connecting steel plates are welded on each side, and then two sets of jacking bases 3 and supporting bases 4 are welded on both sides of the shield body, and the jacking bases 3 and supporting bases 4 are both arranged at the positions on both sides of the bracket, and each supporting base 4 is placed at a position adjacent to the jacking base 3;

[0067] (3) After step (2) is completed, the shield machine 6 is started to be lifted, as shown in FIG. Figure 2As shown, a jacking mechanism 1 is installed under each jacking base 3, and the height of each jacking mechanism 1 after being fully retracted is less than the distance between the bottom surface of the jacking base 3 and the bottom surface of the shield machine bracket 5. The four jacking mechanisms 1 are all externally connected to a hydraulic station, and the hydraulic station controls the shield machine 6 and the shield machine bracket 5 to jack up the shield machine 6 and the shield machine bracket 5 at the same time so that the bracket is separated from the cushion block 7. A support member 2 is installed at the bottom of each support base 4, and the height of the support member 2 is greater than the distance between the bottom surface of the support member and the bottom surface of the cushion block 7. After the support member 2 is installed, the bracket is supported by the jacking mechanism and the support member. After ensuring safety, the cushion block under the bracket is cleaned, and the jacking mechanism maintains a pressure-maintaining state at this time;

[0068] (4) After the pads under the shield machine bracket 5 are cleaned, the lifting mechanism 1 continues to lift the shield machine bracket 5 upward to separate it from the supporting structure 2. Figure 3 As shown, the support member 2 is then removed, and the shield bracket 5 and the shield body are driven to drop as a whole to the bottom of the bracket and contact the steel plate 19 at the bottom of the end well by contracting the jacking mechanism 1, and the jacking mechanism 1 is further contracted to separate it from the shield bracket 5, and then the jacking mechanism 1 is closed and taken out;

[0069] (5) After the jacking work in step (4) is completed, the translation route of the shield machine is designed according to the size of the end well 18 and the shield machine 6, and the translation process is simulated by computer to determine the translation route of the shield machine and the installation position of the reaction base, and then the reaction base is installed according to the design requirements. The installation of the reaction base is as follows: Figure 10-1 As shown, the reaction base includes a reaction thrust plate and multiple support plates. The multiple support plates are used to fix the reaction base and strengthen the force strength of the reaction thrust plate. The reaction thrust plate is welded to the steel plate of the end well. Then, the jacking mechanism 1 in step (3) is used as a propulsion mechanism to push the shield machine to translate and turn around in the end well to the starting tunnel entrance of the adjacent tunnel according to the designed route. The specific propulsion route is as follows: Fig.10 As shown, ①-⑩ in the figure are the execution order, A and B are the station side walls, C is the shield tail, D is the cutter head, EFGH are the four corners of the shield machine bracket 5;

[0070] The specific moving steps are as follows: a. Install the jack at the DE position, and push the shield machine 6 to rotate the cutter disc along the direction of B with point ① as the rotation center, so that the F position contacts the side wall or the tail of the screw machine and the assembly platform contacts the tunnel; b. Install the jack at the CF position, and push the shield machine 6 to translate forward along the direction of ②, so that the F position or the tail of the screw machine and the assembly platform have a certain amount of room for movement; c. Install the jack at the DE position, and push the shield machine 6 to rotate the cutter disc along the direction of B with point ③ as the rotation center, so that the F position contacts the side wall or the tail of the screw machine and the assembly platform contacts the tunnel, and then translate along the direction of ③, so that the cutter disc contacts the load-bearing column, and the F position or the tail of the screw machine and the assembly platform have a certain amount of room for movement; d. Install the jack at the EF position, and push the shield machine 6 to rotate the cutter disc along the direction of B with point ④ as the rotation center, so that the cutter disc and the load-bearing column 22 form a dead angle, and then retreat a certain distance so that the cutter disc can turn over the load-bearing column 22 and continue to rotate to reach 9 0° state; e. The jack is installed at the DE position, and the cutter disc is rotated along the direction of the secondary starting line with point ⑤ as the rotation center, so that the F position contacts the platform or the tail of the screw machine and the assembly platform contacts the platform and the load-bearing column 22; f. The jack is installed at the CG position, and the shield is translated forward along the ⑥ direction, so that there is a certain amount of activity space between the F position or the tail of the screw machine and the assembly platform and the platform and the load-bearing column 22; g. The jack is installed at the CG position, and the cutter disc is rotated along the direction of the secondary starting line with point ⑦ as the rotation center, so that the cutter disc contacts the side wall B; h. The jack is installed at the GH position, and the cutter disc is retreated a certain distance along the direction of ⑦, so that the cutter disc can turn around the side wall B and continue to rotate with point ⑧ as the rotation center; i. The jack is installed at the CG position, and the cutter disc is rotated along the direction of the secondary starting line with point ⑨ as the rotation center, so that the cutter disc contacts the tunnel door circle, and then retreats a certain distance and continues to rotate to reach the 180° state; j. Finally, the jack is installed at EFGH Position, adjust the bracket to be parallel to the tunnel axis. During the translation of the shield machine, the reaction frame and the jacking mechanism 1 are repeatedly disassembled and assembled according to the designed route for advancement. The reaction frame can be directly welded on the metal steel plate to ensure that the shield body does not collide with the load-bearing column and other construction structures of the receiving shaft during the advancement process;

[0071] (6) After step (5) is completed, the shield machine 6 and the shield machine bracket 5 are lifted to the shield starting height by the lifting mechanism 1 and the supporting member 2 in the same manner as in step (3), and a cushion block 7 is installed under the bracket to prepare for the secondary starting;

[0072] (7) After the shield machine 6 is turned around, the subsequent trolley 9 starts to turn around. First, the multiple trolleys 9 are disassembled from each other. Fig.11As shown, the shield machine has five trolleys, which are numbered in the order of ①-⑤ from the side adjacent to the shield machine 6, and the turning work is started from trolley ⑤. Now the trolley 9 is dragged to the starting shaft of the tunnel 20 completed by the shield machine in the order of ⑤-① by a battery car, and is hoisted to the ground by a gantry and rotated 180° for turning, and then lowered into the shaft again in the order of ⑤-①, and transported to the end shaft 14 along the starting shaft 21 of the tunnel that has been penetrated by the battery car; the transportation of the trolley 9 in the tunnel that has been penetrated is powered by the battery car of the existing shield machine, specifically, the front of the battery car is first separated from the drag plate, and the front of the battery car is connected to the trolley, and the battery car track is kept The trolley tracks on both sides of the battery car trailer are raised to form a slope track. The height of the highest end of the slope track meets the requirement that the lower crossbeam of the trolley is higher than a certain height of the battery car trailer, and the beam (the beam is the track) can be passed under. The battery car head drags the trolley to crawl on the designed slope track until the height of the lower crossbeam of the trolley is higher than the battery car trailer, crosses the 43# steel rail to carry the empty space, and binds the trolley with a hand winch. Then separate the battery car head from the trolley, and connect the trailer with the trolley. Use the battery car head to provide power for the trolley to move, so that the trolley can be transported along the battery car track in the tunnel. The battery car can move forward or backward, so the entire transportation process of the trolley is completed by the battery car.

[0073] (8) When all the trolleys are transported to the starting tunnel near the end shaft 18, a battery car track 15 is laid in the end shaft 18 along the shield machine excavation direction to the B station 14 near the end shaft 18. At the same time, a trolley starting track 16 is laid in the end shaft 18 along the shield machine starting direction. One end of the trolley starting track 16 extends horizontally to the C station 14 near the end shaft 18. Fig.12 As shown, trolley No. 5 is transported to Station B 14 along the battery car track 15, a trolley translation steel plate 17 is laid between the battery car track 15 and the trolley starting track 16 in the station, and trolley No. 5 is transferred from the battery car track 15 to the trolley translation bracket 10. The transfer process is specifically to install an electric hoist on the top plate of the station to lift trolley No. 5 to detach from the battery car trailer, remove the battery car, and then remove the battery car track 15 in the area below the trolley, and lay a steel plate in this area so that it is seamlessly connected with the steel plate in the translation area (the steel plate can also be laid in advance and then the battery car track), and then the two trolley translation brackets 10 are placed parallel to the steel plate directly below trolley No. 5, and the two trolley translation brackets 10 correspond to the front wheel and rear wheel positions of the trolley respectively, and finally the trolley is lowered onto the translation bracket by the electric hoist; then as shown in FIG. Fig.13As shown, a translation device is installed, and the trolley translation device includes two winches 13 and two sets of fixed pulleys 12. The two sets of fixed pulleys 12 are fixedly installed on the side wall of Station B in the translation direction of the trolley. Each winch 13 is fixed on both sides of the translation line of the shield machine trolley, and the two winches 13 are respectively connected to the two translation brackets 10 under the trolley through steel wire ropes 11. One end of each steel wire rope 11 is fixed to the front end of the translation bracket 10, and the other end is connected to the winch 13 after being wound around the fixed pulley 12. The winch 13 provides the translation force of the shield machine trolley, and the fixed pulley changes the force direction, driving the shield machine trolley to translate to the side of the trolley starting track, and then a slope is set up between the translation bracket and the trolley starting track with a steel plate, and the steel wire rope connected to the translation bracket of the translation device is disassembled and directly connected to the trolley, and the trolley is directly dragged along the set slope to the trolley starting track;

[0074] (9) When the trolley is transferred to the trolley starting track 16, the wire rope between the translation device and the trolley is disassembled, and then Figure 14-1 As shown, the trolley is moved along the trolley starting track to the trolley assembly area in the station by a winch or a battery car head; when it is directly pulled by a winch, a fixed pulley needs to be installed; when it is towed by a battery car, a battery track needs to be laid, and then a fixed pulley is installed, one end of the wire rope is fixed to the trolley, and the other end is wound around the fixed pulley and fixed to the head of the battery car for towing;

[0075] (10) Repeat steps (8) to (9) to transfer multiple trolleys to the trolley assembly area in the station in sequence. Fig.14 As shown, the trolley is assembled in sequence and then connected to the shield machine, waiting for the secondary shield machine to start.

[0076] The above is only one embodiment of the present invention, and its description is relatively specific and detailed, but it should not be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for the translation and reversal of a shield machine in a station with limited space, wherein the end shaft of the shield machine is located in a closed station, and is characterized in that The specific steps are as follows: (1) Before the shield machine reaches the receiving tunnel gate of the end shaft, the bottom of the end shaft is leveled and covered with steel plates. The shield machine receiving bracket is installed on the steel plate at the receiving tunnel gate of the end shaft along the excavation direction of the shield machine. The shield machine receiving bracket is padded to the receiving height of the shield machine with pads, and the tunnel gate sealing device is installed to prepare for the shield machine to receive; (2) After the shield machine completes excavation and is successfully received, the entire shield body is completely located on the receiving bracket, the pipeline connection between the shield machine and the platform workshop is removed, and the shield machine is fixedly connected to the receiving bracket. Then, at least two sets of jacking bases and support bases are welded on both sides of the shield body, and the jacking bases and support bases are both set at the positions on both sides of the bracket, and each support base is placed near the jacking base; (3) After step (2) is completed, the shield machine is lifted. A lifting mechanism is installed under each lifting base, and the height of each lifting mechanism after being fully retracted is less than the distance between the bottom surface of the lifting base and the bottom surface of the bracket. Multiple lifting mechanisms are externally connected to a hydraulic station, and the hydraulic station controls them to lift the shield machine and the bracket at the same time. After the bracket is separated from the cushion block, a support member is installed at the bottom of each support base, and the height of the support member is greater than the distance between the bottom surface of the support member and the bottom surface of the cushion block. After the support member is installed, the bracket is supported by the lifting mechanism and the support member. After ensuring safety, the cushion block under the bracket is cleaned. At this time, the lifting mechanism maintains a pressure-maintaining state; (4) When the pads under the bracket are cleaned, the lifting mechanism continues to lift the bracket upward to separate it from the supporting member, and then remove the supporting member. The lifting mechanism is then retracted to drive the bracket and the shield body to drop as a whole until the bottom of the bracket contacts the steel plate at the bottom of the end well. The lifting mechanism is then retracted to separate it from the bracket, and then the lifting mechanism is closed and removed. (5) After the jacking work in step (4) is completed, the translation and reversing route of the shield machine is designed according to the size of the end shaft and the shield machine, and the translation process is simulated by computer to determine the translation route of the shield machine and the installation position of the reaction base. Then, the reaction frame is installed according to the design requirements, and the jacking mechanism in step (3) is used as the propulsion mechanism to push the shield machine to translate and reversing in the end shaft according to the designed route to the starting tunnel entrance of the adjacent tunnel; (6) After step (5) is completed, the shield machine and the bracket are lifted to the shield starting height by the lifting mechanism and the supporting structure in the same manner as in step (3), and a pad is installed under the bracket. The connecting steel plate between the shield machine and the bracket is cut to separate them, in preparation for the second start; (7) After the shield machine turns around, the subsequent trolleys start to turn around. First, the multiple trolleys are disassembled from each other, and each trolley is dragged to the starting shaft of the tunnel along the tunnel that has been traversed by the shield machine using a battery car. Then, it is lifted to the ground by a hoisting device, rotated 180° for turning around, and then lowered to the starting shaft of the tunnel that has been traversed. It is then transported to the terminal shaft along the tunnel that has been traversed. The turning sequence and the lowering sequence are carried out in accordance with the assembly sequence of the shield machine. After all the trolleys have turned around, they are lowered to the terminal shaft in turn. (8) When all the trolleys are turned around and transported to the receiving hole of the terminal shaft in step (7), a battery car track is laid in the terminal shaft along the excavation direction of the shield machine to the station adjacent to the terminal shaft, and at the same time, a trolley starting track is laid in the terminal shaft along the starting direction of the shield machine, and one end of the trolley starting track extends horizontally to the station of the terminal shaft; when the trolley is transported to the station along the battery car track in the terminal shaft, a trolley translation steel plate is laid between the battery car track and the trolley starting track in the station to form a trolley translation area, and the trolley is transferred to the trolley translation bracket, and then the translation device drives the translation bracket and the trolley to translate along the trolley translation steel plate to the trolley starting track; the trolley translation bracket is provided with two, which are placed parallel to the front and rear wheels of the trolley, and the laying direction thereof is perpendicular to the tunnel axis direction; (9) When the trolley is transferred to the trolley departure track, the trolley is moved along the trolley departure track to the trolley assembly area in the station by a winch or battery locomotive; (10) Repeat steps (8) to (9) to transfer multiple sections to the trolley assembly area in the station in the order of shield machine assembly, then assemble the trolley in sequence and connect it to the shield machine, restore the pipeline, and wait for the second shield machine to start.

2. According to claim 1, a method for translation and reversal of a shield machine in an operating station with limited space, characterized in that: In the step (1), yellow sand is used for leveling, and the thickness of the laid steel plate is 2 to 3 cm.

3. The method for translation and reversal of a shield machine in a space-constrained operating station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the shield body and the receiving bracket are fixed by connecting steel plates, and 3 to 5 metal steel plates are welded on each side; the lifting base and the supporting base are both composed of a load-bearing bottom plate and a plurality of arc support plates, and the plurality of arc support plates are welded on the load-bearing bottom plate in parallel and equidistantly, and the arc surfaces are oriented in the same direction, the arc diameter of each arc support plate is equal to the outer diameter of the shield body, and the arc support plates are welded to the shield body of the shield machine through their arc surfaces, and the load-bearing surface of the lifting base is 20 to 30 cm higher than the load-bearing surface of the supporting base.

4. The method for translation and reversal of a shield machine in a space-constrained operating station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting mechanism of step (3) is composed of a base and a jack fixed on the base, the jack is fixed at the center of the base, and a plurality of reinforcing ribs are arranged around the jack. The jack is placed under the lifting base during the lifting process, and its lifting end contacts the bottom surface of the lifting base to control the lifting of the shield body and the bracket as a whole, and the height of the jack after it is fully retracted is less than the distance between the bottom surface of the lifting base and the bottom surface of the bracket; the supporting member is composed of a supporting bottom plate, a lifting plate, and a plurality of supporting plates fixed between the supporting bottom plate and the lifting plate. The plurality of support plates are connected to each other.

5. The method for translation and reversal of a shield machine in an operating station with limited space according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the translation of the shield body of the shield machine in step (5), the reaction base and the lifting mechanism are repeatedly disassembled and assembled according to the designed route for advancement. The reaction base is directly welded to the metal steel plate to ensure that the shield body does not collide with the load-bearing column and other construction structures of the receiving shaft during the advancement process.

6. The method for translation and reversal of a shield machine in a space-constrained operating station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (7), when the trolley is dragged along the tunnel that has passed through to the starting shaft of the tunnel, the front of the battery trolley is first separated from the trailer, and the front of the battery trolley is connected to the trolley. Then, the trolley tracks on both sides of the battery trolley trailer are raised to form a slope. The trolley is directly dragged along the slope to the battery trolley trailer by the front of the battery trolley. Then, the front of the battery trolley is separated from the trolley, and the trailer with the trolley is connected to transport the trolley.

7. The method for translational turning of a shield machine in a space-constrained operating station according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (8), the trolley is transferred from the battery car track to the trolley translation bracket. Specifically, a lifting mechanism is installed on the station roof to lift the trolley vertically to separate it from the battery car, then the battery car is moved away, and then the battery car track in the area directly below the trolley is removed, and a steel plate is laid in this area to make it seamlessly connected with the steel plate in the translation area, and two trolley translation brackets are placed parallel to the steel plate directly below the trolley, and the two trolley translation brackets correspond to the front wheel and rear wheel positions of the trolley respectively, and finally the trolley is vertically lowered to the translation bracket by the lifting mechanism.

8. The method for translation and reversal of a shield machine in a space-constrained operating station according to claim 1, characterized in that: The trolley translation device in step (8) includes two winches and two sets of fixed pulleys. The two sets of fixed pulleys are fixedly installed on the station side wall in the trolley translation direction. Each winch is fixed on both sides of the shield machine trolley translation line. The two winches are respectively connected to the two translation brackets under the trolley through steel wire ropes. One end of each steel wire rope is fixed to the front end of the translation bracket, and the other end is connected to the winch after being wound around the fixed pulley. The winch provides the shield machine trolley with translation force, and the fixed pulley changes the force direction, driving the shield machine trolley to translate to the side of the trolley starting track; then, a slope is set up between the translation bracket and the trolley starting track using steel plates, and the steel wire rope connected to the translation bracket is disassembled and directly connected to the trolley, and the trolley is directly dragged along the set slope to the trolley starting track.

9. A method for translational turning of a shield machine in a space-constrained operating station according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that: In the step (8), each trolley translation bracket has symmetrically provided trolley wheel clamps on its upper surface, and the center distance between the two wheel clamps is equal to the spacing between the left and right wheels of the trolley; and two wheel clamping grooves are provided on the wheel clamps, and the widths of the two wheel clamping grooves are both opposite to the widths of the convex edges on both sides of the trolley wheel, and the spacing between the two wheel clamping grooves is equal to the width of the concave part in the middle of the shield machine trolley wheel. After the trolley is placed on the trolley translation bracket, the two wheels on the front side of the trolley are placed on the two wheel clamps of the front trolley translation bracket, and the two wheels on the rear side are placed on the two wheel clamps of the rear trolley translation bracket, and the convex edges on both sides of each wheel are correspondingly clamped in the wheel clamping grooves, so that the trolley is clamped to prevent the trolley from detaching from the trolley translation bracket during the translation process.

10. A method for translational turning of a shield machine in a space-constrained operating station according to claim 1 or 7, characterized in that: The trolley translation bracket in step (8) comprises a translation base plate and a translation pull plate with a lifting hole arranged in front of the translation base plate, and two sliding bases are arranged at the bottom of the translation base plate, each sliding base comprises a square outer frame, a square inner frame and a ball embedded between the square outer frame and the square inner frame, and a ball fixing groove with an eight-shaped cross-section is formed between the square outer frame and the square inner frame, and the small opening diameter of the eight-shaped ball fixing groove is smaller than the diameter of the ball, and the large opening diameter is greater than or equal to the diameter of the ball. The ball is embedded in the ball fixing groove from its larger diameter opening and is welded to the bottom surface of the translation base through the larger diameter opening surface. After welding, the lower part of the ball protrudes from the lower bottom surface of the square outer frame and the square inner frame and directly contacts the steel plate of the moving area.

Images