A vehicle detection device and detection method for externally excited vibration audio response

Abstract

The present invention discloses an externally excited vibration audio response vehicle detection device and a detection method thereof, comprising a detection area composed of a plurality of segmented rails, gaps of varying widths are left between the rails, an elastic roadbed is laid under the rails, an audio vibration sensor is installed between each section of the rail and the elastic roadbed, the audio vibration sensor is electrically connected to a data preprocessor, and the data preprocessor is electrically connected to a computer. When the wheels naturally sink through the narrow gaps of a series of rails, a vibration impulse excitation is generated on the vehicle structure, and a wave response is generated under this excitation and transmitted to important parts such as the vehicle body, bogie and coupler, the response signal is received by the sensor and the characteristic spectrum of the response is analyzed by the computer, and in the case of comparison with the standard characteristic spectrum, the degree and nature of defects in the structure and materials of important parts such as the vehicle body, bogie and coupler can be quickly diagnosed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of urban rail transit vehicle fault diagnosis and repair and maintenance, and in particular relates to an externally excited vibration audio frequency response vehicle detection device and a detection method thereof. Background Art

[0002] At present, the inspection and maintenance of urban rail transit vehicles in my country are basically graded according to the vehicle mileage or continuous running time determined in the industry standards. For vehicle groups with large size and complex structure, the daily inspection and maintenance of vehicles is basically completed manually. The degree of automation of inspection and fault diagnosis is low, the labor intensity of operators is high, the vehicle inspection cycle is long, and the inspection quality is greatly affected by the professional skills level and on-site experience of the inspection personnel. The inspection quality cannot be guaranteed. There are currently three solutions: one is to invest in the number of inspection and maintenance employees and increase the professional training and skills training of vehicle maintenance and inspection employees, but this method is costly and slow to take effect, and does not conform to the cost-effectiveness principle of subway vehicle operation and maintenance. The second is to introduce automated maintenance equipment and methods. Currently, the most commonly used technology is wheel and axle scanning flaw detection technology. This method has improved work efficiency to a certain extent in detecting and diagnosing defects in important and critical parts of the vehicle, and ensured the quality of maintenance. However, important structures such as the body bogie and coupler cannot be inspected. Even if flaw detection is achieved, it is impossible to diagnose the deviation of their structural dynamic characteristics. The third is to introduce automated maintenance robots, using intelligent robots with different special maintenance and diagnostic functions to diagnose and maintain complex vehicle systems. Although this method represents the development direction of current advanced maintenance technology, based on the current technical level, there is still a lack of detection methods for material structural defects and dynamic parameter deviations of multiple bogie and coupler components of the entire vehicle. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an externally excited vibration audio response vehicle detection device and a detection method thereof in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] An externally excited vibration audio response vehicle detection device, which includes: a detection area composed of a plurality of segmented rails, gaps of varying widths are left between the rails, an elastic roadbed is laid under the rails, an audio vibration sensor is installed between each section of the rail and the elastic roadbed, the audio vibration sensor is electrically connected to a data preprocessor, and the data preprocessor is electrically connected to a computer.

[0006] To optimize the above technical solutions, the specific measures taken also include:

[0007] The above-mentioned detection area is surrounded by partition walls, which include inner partition walls and outer partition walls. The inner partition wall surrounds the detection area, and the inner partition wall has train entrances and exits along the track direction. The outer partition wall surrounds the train entrances and exits opened by the inner partition wall. The partition walls are made of heat-insulating and sound-insulating materials.

[0008] The upper sides of the two ends of the above-mentioned rails are arc-shaped, the length of the rails between adjacent gaps is not less than the center distance of the train bogie, and the number of the gaps is not less than three quarters of the maximum standard marshaling vehicle number.

[0009] The above-mentioned audio frequency vibration sensor is installed near the gap between the rails.

[0010] The above-mentioned audio vibration sensor is connected to the data preprocessor via a shielded cable.

[0011] A vehicle detection method for externally excited vibration audio response comprises the following steps:

[0012] Step 1: Open the entrance and exit of the partition wall, and the train enters the inspection area through the partition wall at a speed not exceeding 5 km / h, while the train passes through the segmented rails at a constant speed;

[0013] Step 2: When the wheel passes through the first gap, due to the combined force of gravity and forward movement, the wheel impacts the side of the rail downward, and the rail generates a reaction force on the wheel in the radial direction of 45° along the arc edge of the rail;

[0014] Step 3: When the vehicle passes through a series of gaps in the detection area, multiple continuous vibration impulses will be applied to important parts of the vehicle such as the body, bogie and coupler;

[0015] Step 4: The audio vibration sensor receives the vibration signal and the audio signal in the series response, and transmits the signal to the data preprocessor through the shielded cable;

[0016] Step 5: The data preprocessor performs digital-to-analog conversion and hardware shaping and filtering, and then transmits the corresponding signal to the computer;

[0017] Step 6: The computer performs waveform transformation and spectrum analysis on the response signal, and compares and analyzes it with the standard spectrum, thereby analyzing the nature and location of defects in important components such as the vehicle body, bogie and coupler.

[0018] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0019] The vibration impulse excitation of the vehicle structure is generated when the wheels naturally sink through the narrow gaps of the series of rails. Under this excitation, a wave response is generated and transmitted to important parts such as the vehicle body, bogie and coupler. The response signal is received by the sensor and the characteristic spectrum of the response is analyzed by the computer. By comparing with the standard characteristic spectrum, the degree and nature of defects in the structures and materials of important parts such as the vehicle body, bogie and coupler can be quickly diagnosed. In order to keep the system in a good working condition, all equipment and components of the system are installed in the detection area with sound insulation and heat insulation functions. The system has sufficient theoretical basis, reasonable design, accurate diagnostic test results, and can quickly perform defect analysis and fault diagnosis on the entire train, thereby improving the automation level of rail transit vehicle maintenance operations, and greatly improving the efficiency and quality of vehicle maintenance operations. The system is suitable for application in urban rail transit vehicle maintenance operations, and can effectively solve the problem of fast and efficient fault diagnosis in vehicle operation and maintenance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic elevation of the invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the narrow gap between rails and wheels of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the excitation effect of a wheel passing through a narrow gap in a rail;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the characteristic spectrum of the coupler tongue defect;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the characteristic spectrum of bogie defects;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the characteristic spectrum of defects in the vehicle body load-bearing structure.

[0026] The reference numerals in the drawings are: rail 1, elastic roadbed 2, audio vibration sensor 3, data preprocessor 4, computer 5, partition wall 6, inner partition wall 6-1, outer partition wall 6-2, shielded cable 7. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention is an externally excited vibration audio response vehicle detection device, wherein: it includes a detection area composed of a plurality of segmented rails 1, gaps of varying widths are left between the rails 1, elastic roadbed 2 is laid below the rails 1, and an audio vibration sensor 3 is installed between each section of the rail 1 and the elastic roadbed 2, the audio vibration sensor 3 is electrically connected to a data preprocessor 4, and the data preprocessor 4 is electrically connected to a computer 5. The width of the gap formed between each two sections of the rails 1 is set according to 5% of the average diameter of the wheel, so that the impact acceleration of the local sinking of the wheel can be guaranteed not to exceed six times the acceleration of gravity, and the gap spacing between the rails 1 should not be less than the center distance of the vehicle bogie (the center distance of the bogie of a general urban rail transit vehicle is about 12.6 meters). Considering that the distance between the bogies of the two vehicles is reduced, the gap distribution between the rails 1 is not uniform and the number thereof should not be less than three-quarters of the maximum number of train formations, and the number in this example is seven.

[0029] The audio vibration sensor 3 receives and collects the audio vibration signal by the vibration of the metal carbon film, and transmits the audio vibration signal to the data preprocessor 4 through the shielded cable 7, while preventing the signal from being interfered with during the transmission process. The data preprocessor 4 performs hardware filtering on the audio vibration signal. The bandwidth of the filter must be guaranteed to be more than 3 times the highest audio frequency. The filter is of LM type. At the same time, the data preprocessor 4 performs digital-to-analog conversion on the audio vibration signal with a conversion accuracy of 22 bits. After being processed by the data preprocessor 4, the audio signal is sent to the computer 5 to perform spectrum conversion and characteristic frequency calculation and analysis on the audio vibration signal.

[0030] like Figure 2 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the plan layout of the isolation detection area, 102 is the partition wall 6 of the detection area, the partition wall 6 is constructed of non-combustible mineral wool material with heat insulation and sound insulation, and the inner layer is lined with polyurethane foam material, which plays the role of heat insulation and shielding external noise, and can keep the detection components and computer 5 at a constant temperature and humidity, and ensure that a low background noise decibel number is maintained in the detection area. The partition wall includes an inner partition wall 6-1 and an outer partition wall 6-2. The inner partition wall 6-1 surrounds the detection area, and the outer partition wall 6-2 surrounds the entrance and exit of the detection area to prevent the entrance and exit from being directly exposed to the external environment, and also provide space and time for advance preparation for vehicles entering the detection area.

[0031] like Figure 3As shown in the figure, when the train enters the detection area along the rail 1 at a speed not higher than 5km / h, when the wheel passes through the first gap between the rails 1, the wheel will naturally sink due to gravity and keep moving forward at the same time. The amount of sinking is determined by the ratio of the gap width between the rails 1 to the wheel tread diameter. The impact caused by the sinking should not be greater than 6g (g is the acceleration of gravity). At this time, the movement of the car body is a combination of vertical downward movement and horizontal forward movement. A part of the wheel tread impacts and contacts the side of the rail 1. The upper part of the side of the rail 1 is arc-shaped, and the gap will produce a reaction on the wheel. The impulse is applied in the direction of 45° along the upper arc of the narrow rail gap. The duration of the impulse is determined by the vehicle's speed and the gap width, and is generally controlled within 0.4 seconds. The vibration response caused by the impulse is transmitted to the vehicle bogie, body, and coupler in the form of audio waves. When the first wheel leaves the gap, the second wheel of the bogie where the wheel is located will also pass through the narrow gap, and the same impulse will be generated. In order to ensure the periodicity and continuity of the externally applied impulse, the distance between the second gap and the first gap should not be less than The center distance of the vehicle bogie is related to the center distance of the vehicle bogie. When the vehicle passes through a series of gaps in the detection area continuously, multiple continuous vibration impulses will be applied to important parts such as the body, bogie and coupler of each vehicle. Under the action of this series of impulses, the response energy is transmitted in the form of audio vibration waves to important parts such as the vehicle body structure, bogie structure and coupler structure and the space around the detection area. It is continuously absorbed, reflected and refracted during the transmission process. An audio vibration sensor 3 is installed near each gap. The computer 5 performs waveform transformation and characteristic spectrum analysis on the response signal and compares it with the standard characteristic. When the characteristic frequency point is shifted downward, it is judged that the joint surface of the movable parts of the car body, bogie or coupler is blocked, lubrication is poor or deformation is stuck, etc. When the characteristic frequency point is shifted upward, it can be diagnosed as excessive wear of the joint surface of the movable parts of the car body, bogie or coupler or cracks in some part of the structural material. When the characteristic spectrum becomes wider, it can be considered that the vehicle body, bogie or coupler structure is fatigued and aged as a whole, or the overall stiffness is reduced, or the overall mechanical and dynamic properties are deteriorated. The computer automatically gives the diagnosis basis and diagnosis report.

[0032] Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when a vehicle passes through the detection area, the characteristic spectrum of the coupler tongue changes, indicating that there are concentrated defects in the coupler of the vehicle.

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram showing the shift in the dynamic characteristic spectrum of a vehicle bogie, indicating that the dynamic parameters of the vehicle bogie have changed significantly and the overall mechanical properties are defective.

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram showing the change in the characteristic spectrum of the vehicle body structure, indicating that the vehicle body has defects in material and structural failure.

[0035] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. All technical solutions under the concept of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, some improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of the present invention should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An externally excited vibration audio response vehicle detection device, characterized in that: The detection area comprises a plurality of segmented steel rails (1), gaps of varying widths are left between the steel rails (1), an elastic ballast bed (2) is laid below the steel rails (1), an audio vibration sensor (3) is installed between each segment of the steel rail (1) and the elastic ballast bed (2), the audio vibration sensor (3) is electrically connected to a data preprocessor (4), and the data preprocessor (4) is electrically connected to a computer (5); The detection area is surrounded by partition walls (6), the partition walls (6) comprising an inner partition wall (6-1) and an outer partition wall (6-2), the inner partition wall (6-1) surrounds the detection area, the inner partition wall (6-1) is provided with a train entrance and exit along the track direction, the outer partition wall (6-2) surrounds the train entrance and exit provided by the inner partition wall (6-1), and the partition wall (6) is made of heat-insulating and sound-insulating materials; The upper sides of both ends of the steel rail (1) are arc-shaped, the length of the steel rail between adjacent gaps is not less than the center distance of the train bogie, and the number of the gaps is not less than three quarters of the maximum number of standard marshaling vehicles; When the wheel passes through the first gap, due to the combined force of gravity sinking and forward movement, the wheel impacts the side of the rail (1) downward, and the rail (1) generates a reaction force on the wheel, the force is in the radial direction of 45° to the arc edge of the rail (1); When the vehicle passes through a series of gaps in the detection area, multiple continuous vibration impulses are applied to the vehicle body, bogie and coupler; The audio vibration sensor (3) receives the vibration signal and the audio signal in the series response, and transmits the signal to the data preprocessor (4) through the shielded cable (7); The data preprocessor (4) performs digital-to-analog conversion and hardware shaping and filtering, and then transmits the corresponding signal to the computer (5); The computer (5) performs waveform transformation and spectrum analysis on the response signal, and compares and analyzes it with the standard spectrum, thereby analyzing the nature and location of the defects of the vehicle body, bogie and coupler.

2. The externally excited vibration audio response vehicle detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The audio vibration sensor (3) is installed near the gap between the steel rails (1).

3. The externally excited vibration audio response vehicle detection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The audio vibration sensor (3) is connected to the data preprocessor (4) via a shielded cable (7).

4. A method for detecting a vehicle with externally excited vibration and audio frequency response, using the device for detecting a vehicle with externally excited vibration and audio frequency response as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Open the entrance and exit of the partition wall (6), and the train enters the detection area through the partition wall (6) at a speed not exceeding 5 km / h, while the train passes through the segmented rail (1) at a uniform speed; Step 2: When the wheel passes through the first gap, due to the combined force of gravity and forward movement, the wheel impacts the side of the rail (1) downward, and the rail (1) generates a reaction force on the wheel, which is in the direction of 45° radial to the arc edge of the rail (1); Step 3: When the vehicle passes through a series of gaps in the detection area, multiple continuous vibration impulses will be applied to the vehicle body, bogie and coupler; Step 4: The audio vibration sensor (3) receives the vibration signal and the audio signal in the series response, and transmits the signal to the data preprocessor (4) via the shielded cable (7); Step 5: The data preprocessor (4) performs digital-to-analog conversion and hardware shaping and filtering, and then transmits the corresponding signal to the computer (5); Step 6: The computer (5) performs waveform transformation and spectrum analysis on the response signal, and compares and analyzes it with the standard spectrum, thereby analyzing the nature and location of the defects of the vehicle body, bogie and coupler.

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