Orthopedic drilling positioning device
The orthopedic drilling positioning device addresses the complexity of Bristow-Latarjet surgery by enabling precise drill rod alignment, enhancing surgical accuracy and reducing learning costs, thus promoting its wider use.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN201911314230.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2019-12-19
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-17
- Estimated Expiration
- 2039-12-19
AI Technical Summary
The existing fully arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet surgery for treating anterior and inferior glenoid labrum damage in the shoulder joint is highly difficult and requires extensive learning, limiting its popularity due to the high technical demands on surgeons.
A positioning device with a positioning rod, guide rails, and guide seats that facilitate precise alignment of a drill rod by allowing it to be accurately positioned and locked in place, using a guide wire and movable seats to ensure alignment with the bone defect, enhancing surgical accuracy and reducing complexity.
The device simplifies and improves the accuracy of orthopedic drilling, reducing surgical difficulty and learning costs, thereby promoting the wider adoption of therapeutic surgeries.
Smart Images
Figure CN110840518B_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to medical instruments, in particular to a positioning device for assisting drilling in orthopedic surgery. Background Art
[0002] When a patient's bones are damaged and need surgical treatment, in addition to the positioning and fixation of the bones, drilling operations are often required. For example, the shoulder joint of the human body is the joint with the greatest range of motion in the human body, and its dislocation accounts for more than 40% of the joint dislocations in the whole body; and as the frequency of anterior shoulder dislocation increases, damage to the anterior and inferior glenoid labrum of the shoulder is often accompanied by varying degrees of bone defects. The existing fully arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet surgery is a major treatment method, and its main operating procedures include: exposing the coracoid process, coracoid process preparation, drilling and osteotomy of the coracoid process, coracoid process displacement, and coracoid process bone block fixation. During the fixation of the coracoid process bone block, a preset drilling hole is required in the scapula. However, the drilling difficulty of this type of surgery is extremely high, and the surgeon's personal technical level is strictly required. The surgeon needs to go through long-term learning to effectively master it, resulting in the low popularity of this type of surgery, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of medical care. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a positioning device that can effectively assist orthopedic surgical drilling operations to improve point accuracy, reduce surgical difficulty, and improve surgical treatment effects.
[0004] The orthopedic drilling positioning device described in the present invention comprises a positioning rod arranged along a straight line, one end of the positioning rod extends into the patient's body and is hingedly installed with a positioning head, the other end of the positioning rod is installed with a driving block that can move along the axial direction of the positioning rod, a guide wire is arranged inside the positioning rod, the driving block is connected through the guide wire and drives the positioning head to rotate; a fixed seat and a movable seat are also installed on the positioning rod, and the movable seat is arranged between the fixed seat and the positioning head and can move along the positioning rod, and an arc-shaped fixed guide rail and a movable guide rail are respectively arranged on the fixed seat and the movable seat, the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail are located in the same plane and the center direction of the circle is toward one end of the positioning head, and a guide seat that moves and can rotate along the arc direction thereof is also respectively installed on the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail, and the rotation axis of the guide seat is perpendicular to the plane where the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail are located, and directional holes are respectively opened on the two guide seats and the positioning head for the drill rod used for drilling to pass through.
[0005] The orthopedic drilling positioning device described in the present invention, before using the drill rod to drill a patient, first, one end of the positioning rod with a positioning head is extended through the patient's skin and soft tissue to the bone defect position; then the driving block at the other end of the positioning rod is driven to drive the positioning head to rotate through the guide wire until the positioning head is stuck in the defect position; then, the guide seats on the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail are respectively moved along an arc and rotated around their own axes, so that the two guide seats and the directional holes on the positioning head are roughly in the same straight line; then, the drill rod is passed through the directional holes on the two guide seats; then, the movable seat is driven to move along the positioning rod and make the drill rod face the directional hole on the positioning head. In this process, the movable seat drives the movable guide rail to move, and also causes the guide seat on the movable guide rail to rotate; until the drill rod coincides with the axis of the directional hole on the positioning head, and then the drill rod is passed through the positioning head and is close to the bone defect position; thereby completing the positioning work, and thereafter, the drilling, threading, fixing and other surgical processes are performed according to conventional operations, which will not be repeated here. In the above process, the fixed guide rail is always concentric with the directional hole on the positioning head, so that the guide seat always slides around the center of the hole of the positioning head; a scale can be set on the fixed guide rail, and the scale accurately records the sliding position of the guide seat; the drill rod (Kirschner wire) passes through the two guide seats at the same time, so that the two guide seats form a linkage structure; the movable guide rail can translate along the positioning rod, and the guide seat on it slides and rotates until the sharp teeth at the end of the guide seat are against the human body part or bone, and then the various locking parts and buckles are locked to complete the positioning. The structure of the orthopedic drilling positioning device is extremely simple, but it can accurately position the drill rod, and its operation is simple and convenient, which can effectively reduce the difficulty and learning cost of the operation, and improve the positioning accuracy and surgical treatment effect, and is also conducive to the promotion and popularization of therapeutic surgery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0006] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of an orthopedic drilling positioning device.
[0007] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning rod and its upper scale line and one-way teeth.
[0008] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the positioning head, the guide wire and the drive block.
[0009] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a moving seat and a guide seat thereon.
[0010] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the positioning rod and the positioning head.
[0011] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the fixed guide rail and its upper guide seat.
[0012] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure between the positioning rod and the driving block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0013] An orthopedic drilling positioning device comprises a positioning rod 1 arranged along a straight line, one end of the positioning rod extends into the patient's body and is hingedly installed with a positioning head 2, the other end of the positioning rod is installed with a driving block 3 that can move along the axial direction of the positioning rod, a guide wire 4 is arranged inside the positioning rod, and the driving block is connected through the guide wire and drives the positioning head to rotate; a fixed seat 5 and a movable seat 6 are also installed on the positioning rod, and the movable seat is arranged between the fixed seat and the positioning head and can move along the positioning rod, and an arc-shaped fixed guide rail 7 and a movable guide rail 8 are respectively arranged on the fixed seat and the movable seat, and the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail are located in the same plane and the center direction is toward one end of the positioning head, and a guide seat 9 that can move and rotate along the arc direction is also installed on the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail, and the rotation axis of the guide seat is perpendicular to the plane where the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail are located, and a directional hole 10 for the drill rod used for drilling is respectively opened on the two guide seats and the positioning head.
[0014] In the orthopedic drilling positioning device, scale lines 19 are respectively provided on one side of the positioning rod 1 along its straight line direction, on one side of the fixed guide rail 7 and the movable guide rail 8 along its arc direction, and on the side where the positioning head 2 contacts the patient's bone defect. The positioning position can be accurately controlled by these scale lines, thereby improving the positioning accuracy and the convenience of operation. The other side of the positioning rod 1 along its straight line direction, and on the other side of the fixed guide rail 7 and the movable guide rail 8 along its arc direction are respectively provided with bar teeth 18, and the bar teeth on the positioning rod 1 are one-way teeth perpendicular to the straight line where the positioning rod is located on one side facing the positioning head 2, and the movable seat 6 and the two guide seats 9 are respectively provided with tooth surfaces matching the bar teeth, so that they can move relative to each other through step-by-step teeth, thereby improving the accuracy of movement, facilitating control during surgery, and effectively improving the convenience of surgery. In addition, a locking switch 14 is installed on the movable seat 6 to lock it on the positioning rod 1, and the locking switch 14 is engaged and fixed with the vertical surface of the one-way tooth on the positioning rod 1 without external force; when it is necessary to move the movable seat, the movable seat can be directly pushed toward the positioning head, and the locking switch can also be moved along the one-way tooth at this time until the movable seat and the parts thereon are tightly against the patient's part, and the movable seat is fixed by the two-way limit of the patient, the locking switch and the one-way tooth, until it is necessary to move the movable seat in the reverse direction, the locking switch is driven to contact and lock with the one-way tooth, and the movable seat can be moved away from the positioning head; through the setting of the locking switch and the one-way tooth, it can be conveniently moved and automatically fixed, and its locking effect is excellent and the operation is very convenient. In addition, an arc-shaped rail-shifting groove 81 is provided on the movable guide rail 8, and a rotating shaft (not shown) passing through the arc-shaped rail-shifting groove is provided on the guide seat 9, and there is also a rail-shifting locking block 82 for locking the guide seat to the movable guide rail. This can ensure that the guide seat can move accurately along the arc direction while being conveniently rotated and locked, thereby improving the convenience of operation; in addition, a guide tube 91 is provided on the guide seat 9 on the movable guide rail 8 on the side facing the positioning head 2, and a guide hole 92 is provided on the guide tube that coincides with the axis of the directional hole 10. After the drill rod passes through the directional holes on the two guide seats in turn, it passes through the guide hole on the guide tube, and then passes through the directional hole on the positioning head to contact the patient's bone part. The guide tube can not only improve the guiding accuracy, but also form a support for the slender drill rod to facilitate the implementation of the drilling operation and ensure its working stability.
[0015] In the orthopedic drilling positioning device, the rotation plane of the positioning head 2 coincides with the plane where the fixed guide rail 7 and the movable guide rail 8 are located; an inwardly recessed concave platform is provided at the end of the positioning rod 1, and the positioning head 2 can be rotatably mounted on the positioning rod concave platform, and the outer wall of the positioning head is flush with the outer wall of the positioning rod, and the middle part of the positioning head 2 is hinged on the positioning rod 1, and the end thereof facing the bone defect site of the patient is in the shape of a blunt round head; at the same time, a locking structure 11 can be provided between the positioning head 2 and the positioning rod 1. Through the structure of this positioning rod and the positioning head, the smoothness of the positioning device extending into the patient can be improved, and improper collision, clamping or jamming with human tissue during the extension process can be avoided, which may cause injury to the patient. In addition, the fixed guide rail 7 is provided with an inwardly recessed arc-shaped concave platform 71 along its arc-shaped direction, and an arc-shaped rail-fixing groove 72 is provided at the bottom of the arc-shaped concave platform, and the centers of the arc-shaped concave platform and the arc-shaped rail-fixing groove coincide with the center of the directional hole 10 when the positioning head 2 is rotated to the extreme position; the guide seat 9 on the fixed guide rail is provided with a guide block 93 that is stuck in the arc-shaped concave platform, and a rail-fixing locking block 73 that locks the guide seat to the fixed guide rail, and the positioning head can be rotated to coincide with the axis of the positioning rod or to form an angle of a certain angle, which is the extreme limit position. The positioning head contacts the patient's bone part at the extreme position to reduce the error probability of the positioning head, and correspondingly, the fixed guide rail and the arc-shaped concave platform and the arc-shaped rail-fixing groove thereon take the center of the directional hole at the extreme position of the positioning head as the center, so that the guide seat is always opposite to the directional hole on the positioning head when moving, thereby ensuring the matching accuracy.
[0016] A plurality of guide holes 10 can be provided on the positioning head 2. Accordingly, the fixed seat can be provided as a detachable structure, on which fixed guide rails with different curvatures can be provided to match the different guide holes on the positioning head and meet the needs of people of different physiques. At the same time, the movable seat and the movable guide rail can be detachably installed on the positioning rod to facilitate the installation or replacement of parts.
[0017] The orthopedic drilling positioning device described herein has a concave groove at the end of the positioning rod 1 along its straight direction, a driving block 3 is movably arranged in the groove, a long through hole connecting the two ends is arranged in the positioning rod, a guide wire 4 is arranged in the long through hole and connected to the driving block in the groove; a reset spring 12 is also connected between the positioning rod groove and the driving block to drive the driving block to reset, and a locking knob 13 is installed at the end of the positioning rod to lock the driving block. The driving block is statically placed in the groove of the positioning rod driven by the reset spring, and the positioning head is also sleeved on the concave platform at the other end of the positioning rod; the surgeon can pull the driving block and drive the positioning head to rotate through the guide wire until it rotates to fit closely with the bone defect, and then lock it through the locking knob, which is conducive to improving the convenience of operation, thereby ensuring the smooth progress of the surgical operation.
[0018] like Figure 1-6As shown, the drill rod 100 is a tool for orthopedic drilling. Before using the drill rod to drill a patient, first extend one end of the positioning rod with a positioning head through the patient's skin and soft tissue to the bone defect position; then drive the driving block at the other end of the positioning rod to drive the positioning head to rotate through the guide wire until the positioning head rotates to the limit position and is stuck in the patient's bone defect; then, adjust the position of the guide seat and the movable seat on the fixed seat, and then pass the drill rod through the two guide seats and the guide tube; then, drive the movable seat to move along the positioning rod and make the drill rod face the directional hole on the positioning head. During this process, the movable seat drives the movable guide rail to move, and also causes the guide seat on the movable guide rail to rotate; until the drill rod coincides with the axis of the directional hole on the positioning head, and then pass the drill rod through the positioning head and close to the bone defect; thereby completing the positioning work, and thereafter, drilling, threading, fixation and other surgical processes are performed according to conventional operations, which will not be repeated here. The structure of the orthopedic drilling positioning device is extremely simple, but it can accurately position the drill rod, and its operation is simple and convenient, which can effectively reduce the difficulty of surgery and learning costs, and improve positioning accuracy and surgical treatment effects, and is also conducive to the promotion and popularization of therapeutic surgery.
Claims
1. An orthopedic drilling positioning device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a positioning rod (1) arranged along a straight line, one end of which extends into the patient's body and is hingedly mounted with a positioning head (2), the other end of which is mounted with a driving block (3) which can move along the axial direction of the positioning rod, a guide wire (4) is arranged inside the positioning rod, and the driving block is connected through the guide wire and drives the positioning head to rotate; a fixed seat (5) and a movable seat (6) are also mounted on the positioning rod, and the movable seat is arranged between the fixed seat and the positioning head and can move along the positioning rod, and an arc-shaped fixed guide rail (7) and a movable guide rail (8) are respectively arranged on the fixed seat and the movable seat, the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail are located in the same plane and the center direction of the circle faces one end of the positioning head, and a guide seat (9) which can move and rotate along the arc direction thereof is also respectively mounted on the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail, and the rotation axis of the guide seat is perpendicular to the plane where the fixed guide rail and the movable guide rail are located, and a directional hole (10) for a drill rod for drilling is respectively opened on the two guide seats and the positioning head; the rotation plane of the positioning head (2) is parallel to the fixed guide rail (7) and the movable guide rail, and the rotation plane of the positioning head (2) is parallel to the fixed guide rail (7) and the movable guide rail. The plane where the guide rail (8) is located coincides; a locking structure (11) is provided between the positioning head (2) and the positioning rod (1); the fixed guide rail (7) is provided with an inwardly recessed arc-shaped concave platform (71) along its arc-shaped direction, and an arc-shaped rail fixing groove (72) is provided at the bottom of the arc-shaped concave platform, and the centers of the arc-shaped concave platform and the arc-shaped rail fixing groove coincide with the center of the directional hole (10) when the positioning head (2) is rotated to the extreme position; the guide seat (9) on the fixed guide rail is provided with a guide block (91) that is clamped in the arc-shaped concave platform 3), and a fixed rail locking block (73) for locking the guide seat to the fixed guide rail; the end of the positioning rod (1) is provided with an inwardly concave groove along its straight direction, the driving block (3) is movably arranged in the groove, a long through hole connecting the two ends is provided in the positioning rod, the guide wire (4) is arranged in the long through hole and connected to the driving block in the groove; a reset spring (12) for driving the driving block to reset is also connected between the positioning rod groove and the driving block, and a locking knob (13) for locking the driving block is installed at the end of the positioning rod.
2. The orthopedic drilling positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Graduation lines (19) are respectively provided on one side of the positioning rod (1) along its straight direction, on one side of the fixed guide rail (7) and the movable guide rail (8) along its arc direction, and on the side where the positioning head contacts the bone defect of the patient.
3. The orthopedic drilling positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One side of the positioning rod (1) is provided with a strip tooth (18) along its straight direction, and one side of the fixed guide rail (7) and the movable guide rail (8) is provided with a strip tooth (18) along its arc direction, and the movable seat (6) and the two guide seats (9) are provided with tooth surfaces matching the strip tooth.
4. The orthopedic drilling positioning device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: A locking switch (14) is installed on the movable seat (6) to lock it on the positioning rod (1).
5. The orthopedic drilling positioning device according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The movable guide rail (8) is provided with an arc-shaped rail-shifting groove (81), the guide seat (9) is provided with a rotating shaft passing through the arc-shaped rail-shifting groove, and a rail-shifting locking block (82) for locking the guide seat on the movable guide rail.
6. The orthopedic drilling positioning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A guide tube (91) is provided on the guide seat (9) on the movable guide rail (8) on the side facing the positioning head (2), and a guide hole (92) is formed on the guide tube and coincides with the axis of the directional hole (10).