A fused deposition modeling 3D printing device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printing device, which includes a gantry motion platform device, an extruding device and a feeding device, and also includes a control system, wherein the control system controls the operation of the gantry motion platform device, the extruding device and the feeding device respectively, wherein the feeding device includes at least three storage barrels connected in series, wherein the storage barrel at the front end is connected to the extruding barrel of the extruding device, wherein each storage barrel is provided with a heating device, wherein the heating device is controlled by the control system, and wherein an electromagnetic valve is provided on the discharge port of each storage barrel, wherein the electromagnetic valve is controlled by the control system. The present invention greatly improves the working efficiency, printing accuracy and safety of the three-dimensional printing device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a three-dimensional printing device, in particular to a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printing device. Background Art

[0002] 3D printing is a type of rapid prototyping technology. It is a technology that uses digital model files as the basis, uses powdered metal or plastic and other bondable materials to construct objects by printing layer by layer. At present, the FDM (fused deposition modeling) process is the most commonly used technology in 3D printing using plastic as raw material.

[0003] Existing fused deposition modeling printing equipment, such as a gantry-type 3D additive and subtractive integrated device disclosed in publication number: CN 209289760, generally includes a gantry-type motion platform device, an extruder device and a feeding device. The extruder device is arranged on the gantry-type motion platform device, and can realize three-axis motion by being driven by the gantry-type motion platform device. The feeding device can feed the extruder device, so that the extruder device can extrude the material onto the workbench of the gantry-type motion platform device, thereby realizing printing.

[0004] The existing fused deposition modeling printing equipment has the following problems:

[0005] (1) The gantry motion platform device, extrusion device and feeding device require workers to operate them independently, resulting in low work efficiency;

[0006] (2) The feeding device generally includes a storage barrel, on which a heating device is provided. The storage barrel is heated first, and then the material is conveyed to the extrusion device after the heating is completed. However, due to the large volume of the storage barrel, it generally takes more than 8 hours to heat, and the working efficiency is also very low;

[0007] (3) Due to the large size of the gantry motion platform device, a gear rack transmission structure is generally used to increase the torque. However, mechanical error backlash often occurs in the gear rack transmission structure, which can easily cause deviations in the moving speed of the three axes, thereby affecting the printing accuracy.

[0008] (4) The workbench of the gantry motion platform device is generally a steel rectangular plate. When the extruder extrude the material onto the workbench, it is difficult for the material to be fixed to the rectangular plate as a whole. The existing method is to set an electric heating device under or inside the workbench to heat the workbench to increase the temperature of the material, thereby facilitating the material to be fixed to the rectangular plate as a whole. However, the use of an electric heating device is costly and prone to leakage, which is unsafe.

[0009] (5) When the extruder is extruding materials, the workbench needs to be kept level. However, in the prior art, it is difficult to keep the workbench perfectly level, and large errors often occur, thus affecting the printing accuracy. Summary of the invention

[0010] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a fused deposition modeling three-dimensional printing device.

[0011] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0012] A fused deposition modeling 3D printing device, the fused deposition modeling 3D printing device comprises a gantry motion platform device, an extruding device and a feeding device, the gantry motion platform device comprises an X-axis guide rail, a crossbeam, a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis slide, a Z-axis guide rail, a Z-axis slide and a workbench, the extruding device is arranged on the Z-axis slide, the feeding device is arranged on the crossbeam and feeds the extruding device, the fused deposition modeling 3D printing device also comprises a control system, the control system controls the gantry motion platform device, the extruding device and the feeding device to work respectively, the feeding device comprises at least three storage barrels connected in series in sequence, the storage barrel at the front end is connected to the extruding barrel of the extruding device, a heating device is arranged in each storage barrel, the heating device is controlled by the control system, an electromagnetic valve is arranged on the discharge port of each storage barrel, and the electromagnetic valve is controlled by the control system.

[0013] Through, the control system controls the gantry motion platform device, the extruding device and the feeding device respectively, which can save labor and improve work efficiency.

[0014] In addition, by using multiple storage barrels connected in series, connecting the storage barrel at the front end to the feeding device, and providing a heating device in each storage barrel, the stored materials can be heated simultaneously using multiple storage barrels to improve work efficiency and increase the storage capacity.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control system is a BWO numerical control system.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the X-axis guide, Y-axis guide and Z-axis guide all adopt a gear rack transmission structure, and are respectively driven by a first servo motor, a second servo motor and a third servo motor connected in series in sequence. The gantry motion platform device also includes a speed compensation system, which is respectively connected to the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor.

[0017] The speed compensation system is used to connect the driving devices of the X-axis guide, Y-axis guide and Z-axis guide respectively, so as to compensate the transmission speed on the X-axis guide, Y-axis guide and Z-axis guide, ensure the accuracy of the moving speed of the three axes, and thus improve the printing accuracy.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the speed compensation system includes a first speed sensor, a second speed sensor, a third speed sensor, a first driver, a second driver, a third driver and a differential negative feedback controller, the first speed sensor is arranged on the gear on the X-axis guide rail, the second speed sensor is arranged on the gear of the Y-axis guide rail, the third speed sensor is arranged on the gear of the Z-axis guide rail, the first driver is connected to the first servo motor, the second driver is connected to the second servo motor, and the third driver is connected to the third servo motor, the control system is respectively connected to the first speed sensor, the second speed sensor, the third speed sensor, the differential negative feedback controller, the first driver, the second driver and the third driver, and the differential negative feedback controller is respectively connected to the first driver, the second driver and the third driver.

[0019] A differential negative feedback controller is set to compensate for the position error bias current signal of the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor, so as to ensure that the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor connected in series form an outer, middle and inner three-loop closed loop in the current loop, the speed loop and the position loop, thereby eliminating the mechanical error gap of the gear and effectively ensuring the printing accuracy.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the speed compensation system also includes a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor and a third displacement sensor, the first displacement sensor is arranged at any end of the X-axis guide rail, the second displacement sensor is arranged at any end of the Y-axis guide rail, and the third displacement sensor is arranged at any end of the Z-axis guide rail, and the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor and the third displacement sensor are respectively connected to the control system.

[0021] Since the components on the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail will be affected by many external uncertain factors when moving through the transmission structure, such as different wind forces in different wind directions, although the rotation speed of each gear is controlled by the differential negative feedback controller, the movement stroke of the components on the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail will still be affected by external uncertain factors, thereby affecting the printing accuracy. By setting the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor and the third displacement sensor, the movement stroke of the components on the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail can be detected in real time and combined with the measured gear rotation speed on the X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail for judgment or comparison, which can further improve the printing accuracy.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the workbench includes a base plate and an upper wooden board, wherein the upper wooden board is detachably arranged above the base plate, and a printing layer is provided on the upper surface of the upper wooden board, wherein the printing layer is composed of a plurality of fine particles and a glue coating, and the fine particles are the same as the base material of the printing material.

[0023] When the printing material flows onto the printing layer, the printing material will melt the glue coating, and the melted glue coating will bond the printing material and the fine particles together, thereby greatly improving the firmness between the printing material and the workbench, and also facilitating the disassembly and assembly of the upper wooden board.

[0024] In addition, there is no need to set an electric heating device on the bottom plate, which reduces costs and improves safety.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an adjustment structure is provided on the bottom plate, and the upper wooden board is detachably arranged on the adjustment structure. The adjustment structure can drive the upper wooden board to be lifted and lowered and adjust the horizontal angle of the upper wooden board. The bottom plate includes a plate body, and a plurality of support columns are provided on the lower surface of the plate body. A plurality of groups of through holes are provided on the plate body, and each group of through holes consists of a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole located on the same horizontal line. The first through hole is located on the left side of the plate body, the second through hole is located in the middle of the plate body, and the third through hole is located on the right side of the plate body. The adjustment structure is arranged on the lower side of the plate body, and the adjustment structure includes a plurality of first lifting cylinders, a plurality of second lifting cylinders and A plurality of third lifting cylinders, the telescopic end of each first lifting cylinder passes through a first through hole, the telescopic end of each second lifting cylinder passes through a second through hole, and the telescopic end of each third lifting cylinder passes through a third through hole. A rectangular connecting block is respectively provided at the top of the telescopic end of each first lifting cylinder and the top of the telescopic end of each third lifting cylinder, and a threaded connecting groove is provided on the upper surface of the rectangular connecting block. A hemispherical connecting block is provided at the top of the telescopic end of each second lifting cylinder, and the arc surface of the hemispherical connecting block contacts the upper wooden board. A plurality of connecting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the upper wooden board, and each connecting hole corresponds to and cooperates with a first through hole or a third through hole.

[0026] Since the upper wooden board and the bottom board are detachable structures, the levelness of the upper wooden board will be very poor after installation, which will affect the printing accuracy. However, by adjusting the structure to drive the upper wooden board to rise and fall and adjust the horizontal angle of the upper wooden board, the levelness of the upper wooden board after installation can be ensured.

[0027] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adjustment structure is connected to a control system, and an infrared distance sensor is provided at the bottom of the extrusion device. The infrared distance sensor is connected to the control system, and the infrared distance sensor can sense the horizontal distance between the extrusion device and the upper wooden board, and send the sensed distance information to the control system.

[0028] Before the printing equipment works, the extruder can be moved, and then the distance between the extruder and the upper wooden board can be measured in real time through the infrared distance sensor. When an error is detected, the control system can control the adjustment structure to level the upper wooden board, thereby ensuring the horizontality of the upper wooden board.

[0029] In addition, when the printing equipment is working and the extruder is moving, the infrared distance sensor can also measure the distance between the extruder and the upper wooden board in real time. When an error is detected, the control system can control the adjustment structure to work, thereby fine-tuning the upper wooden board.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor and a material level sensor are provided in each storage barrel, and the temperature sensor and the material level sensor are respectively connected to a control system.

[0031] The temperature inside each storage barrel can be detected in real time through the temperature sensor. When the temperature reaches the heating value, the control system can turn off the heating device to achieve energy saving effect.

[0032] In addition, the material level sensor can detect the material amount in each storage barrel in real time. The control system can ensure that the material amount in each storage barrel is the same by controlling the electromagnetic valve according to the material amount information sent by each material level sensor, which can further improve the heating efficiency.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a torque sensor is provided on the extrusion screw of the extrusion device, and the torque sensor is connected to the control system.

[0034] The torque sensor can detect the torque of the extrusion screw in real time and send the sensed torque information to the control system. When there is an error in the level of the workbench or the size of the printed workpiece changes, the torque of the extrusion screw will also change. In this way, the workbench can be fine-tuned through the control system to further improve printing accuracy.

[0035] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0036] (1) Only one control system is needed to control the entire equipment, thus improving work efficiency;

[0037] (2) The heating efficiency of the feeding device is improved;

[0038] (2) Improved the accuracy of the three-axis moving speed;

[0039] (4) Reduce the horizontal error of the workbench;

[0040] (5) There is no need to install an electric heating device, which reduces costs and improves safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0042] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the extrusion device and the feeding device;

[0044] Figure 3 A structural schematic diagram of a speed compensation system;

[0045] Figure 4 It is another structural schematic diagram of the speed compensation system;

[0046] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the optimized structure of the workbench;

[0047] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified image of area A;

[0048] Figure 7 It is a control schematic diagram of the control system and the feeding device;

[0049] Figure 8 It is the control schematic diagram of the control system and the workbench.

[0050] Reference numerals: extrusion device 200; extrusion barrel 210; extrusion chamber 220; drive motor 230; compaction device 240; feeding device 300; storage barrel 310; heating device 320; electromagnetic valve 330; temperature sensor 340; material level sensor 350; control system 400; X-axis guide rail 110; crossbeam 120; connecting column 121; crossbeam section 122; Y-axis guide rail 130; Y-axis slide 140; Z-axis guide rail 150; Z-axis slide 160; workbench 170; bottom plate 171; plate body 171a; support Support column 171b; upper wooden board 172; printing layer 173; first speed sensor 181; second speed sensor 182; third speed sensor 183; first driver 184; second driver 185; third driver 186; differential negative feedback controller 187; first displacement sensor 191; second displacement sensor 192; third displacement sensor 193; first lifting cylinder 510; second lifting cylinder 520; third lifting cylinder 530; rectangular connecting block 540; hemispherical connecting block 550; screw 560. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] In order to make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects achieved by the present invention easy to understand, the present invention is further described below.

[0052] See also Figure 1 The fused deposition modeling 3D printing device provided by the present invention includes a gantry motion platform device, an extruding device 200, a feeding device 300 and a control system 400. The control system 400 is respectively connected to the power driving devices of the gantry motion platform device, the extruding device 200 and the feeding device 300, and can control the operation of the gantry motion platform device, the extruding device 200 and the feeding device 300 respectively. In this way, only one control system 400 is needed to control the operation of the printing device, thereby improving the working efficiency.

[0053] The gantry motion platform device is used to drive the extrusion device 200 to move in three axes, and includes an X-axis guide rail 110, a crossbeam 120, a Y-axis guide rail 130, a Y-axis slide 140, a Z-axis guide rail 150, a Z-axis slide 160 and a workbench 170.

[0054] The transmission structure on the X-axis guide rail 110, the Y-axis guide rail 130 and the Z-axis guide rail 150 in the present application adopts a gear rack transmission structure, which is respectively driven by a first servo motor, a second servo motor and a third servo motor connected in series in sequence, so that the torque can be increased, making the present embodiment suitable for large-volume printing needs.

[0055] The gear rack transmission structure and the use of the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor connected in series are both existing technologies, so their specific structures are not described in detail here.

[0056] In addition, the above-mentioned X-axis guide rail 110, beam 120, Y-axis guide rail 130, Y-axis slide 140, Z-axis guide rail 150 and Z-axis slide 160 are also prior arts, so their specific structures are not described in detail here.

[0057] The speed compensation system is respectively connected to the first servo motor, the second servo motor, the third servo motor and the control system 400, and is used to compensate the transmission speed of the X-axis guide rail 110, the Y-axis guide rail 130 and the Z-axis guide rail 150 respectively to ensure the accuracy of the moving speed of the three axes, thereby improving the printing accuracy.

[0058] See also Figure 3 The speed compensation system specifically includes a first speed sensor 181 , a second speed sensor 182 , a third speed sensor 183 , a first driver 184 , a second driver 185 , a third driver 186 and a differential negative feedback controller 187 .

[0059] The first speed sensor 181 is correspondingly arranged on the gear on the X-axis guide rail 110 and connected to the control system 400. The first speed sensor 181 is used to sense the rotation speed of the gear on the X-axis guide rail 110 in real time and send the sensed rotation speed information to the control system 400 in real time.

[0060] The second speed sensor 182 is correspondingly arranged on the gear on the Y-axis guide rail 130 and connected to the control system 400. The second speed sensor 182 is used to sense the rotation speed of the gear on the Y-axis guide rail 130 in real time and send the sensed rotation speed information to the control system 400 in real time.

[0061] The third speed sensor 183 is correspondingly arranged on the gear on the Z-axis guide rail 150 and connected to the control system 400. The third speed sensor 183 is used to sense the rotation speed of the gear on the Z-axis guide rail 150 in real time, and send the sensed rotation speed information to the control system 400 in real time.

[0062] The first driver 184 , the second driver 185 and the third driver 186 are respectively connected to the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor, and are used to respectively control the operation of the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor.

[0063] The control system 400 is connected to the first speed sensor 181 , the second speed sensor 182 , the third speed sensor 183 , the first driver 184 , the second driver 185 and the third driver 186 , respectively.

[0064] The control system 400 controls the operation of the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor through the first driver 184, the second driver 185 and the third driver 186 respectively, thereby controlling the transmission speed and switch of the transmission structure on the X-axis guide rail 110, the Y-axis guide rail 130 and the Z-axis guide rail 150 respectively. In this way, only one control system 400 is needed to control the transmission speed and switch of the transmission structure of the three axes respectively, which greatly improves work efficiency and saves labor.

[0065] The control system 400 can receive the speed information sent by the first speed sensor 181, the second speed sensor 182, and the third speed sensor 183 respectively, and compare the received speed information with the speed value set by the transmission structure of the three axes in advance. If the comparison results are the same, it proves that the transmission speed of the three axes is not affected by the mechanical error tooth gap. If the comparison results are different, the transmission speed of the three axes needs to be adjusted.

[0066] The differential negative feedback controller 187 is respectively connected to the control system 400, the first driver 184, the second driver 185 and the third driver 186. The control system 400 can adjust the first driver 184, the second driver 185 and the third driver 186 accordingly through the differential negative feedback controller 187 according to the comparison result, thereby adjusting the transmission speed of each shaft.

[0067] The differential negative feedback controller 187 specifically adjusts the transmission speed of the three axes by adjusting the current on the first driver 184, the second driver 185 and the third driver 186. This method is a prior art and will not be elaborated here.

[0068] The above-mentioned adjustment method is to improve the accuracy of the three-axis transmission speed by adjusting the rotation speed of the gears on the three axes and eliminating the mechanical error clearance of the gears. However, since the components on the X-axis guide rail 110, the Y-axis guide rail 130 and the Z-axis guide rail 150 will be affected by many external uncertain factors when moving through the transmission structure, such as different wind forces in different wind directions, although the rotation speed of each gear can be controlled by the differential negative feedback controller 187, the movement stroke of the components on the X-axis guide rail 110, the Y-axis guide rail 130 and the Z-axis guide rail 150 will still be affected by external uncertain factors, which will also affect the printing accuracy.

[0069] Therefore, the speed compensation system may further include a first displacement sensor 191 , a second displacement sensor 192 and a third displacement sensor 193 .

[0070] The first displacement sensor 191 is disposed at either end of the X-axis guide rail 110 and connected to the control system 400 . The first displacement sensor 191 can measure the distance between the moving parts on the X-axis guide rail 110 in real time and send the sensed distance information to the control system 400 .

[0071] The second displacement sensor 192 is disposed at either end of the Y-axis guide rail 130 and connected to the control system 400 . It can measure the distance between the moving part on the Y-axis guide rail 130 in real time and send the sensed distance information to the control system 400 .

[0072] The third displacement sensor 193 is disposed at either end of the Z-axis guide rail 150 and connected to the control system 400 . It can measure the distance between the moving parts on the Z-axis guide rail 150 in real time and send the sensed distance information to the control system 400 .

[0073] The control system 400 can receive the distance information sent by the first displacement sensor 191, the second displacement sensor 192 and the third displacement sensor 193, and according to the constantly changing distance information sent, obtain the moving stroke of the moving parts on the X-axis guide rail 110, the Y-axis guide rail 130 and the Z-axis guide rail 150. The control system 400 can compare the moving stroke of the moving parts on each axis guide rail with the rotation speed of the gears on each axis received in real time. If the comparison result matches, the status quo is maintained. If the comparison result does not match, the rotation speed of the gear can be fine-tuned until the moving stroke of the moving parts on each axis matches the rotation speed of the gears on each axis.

[0074] The structure of the speed compensation system is to adjust the transmission speed of the three axes separately through the control system 400 to ensure the accuracy of the transmission speed of each axis. It can be suitable for printing devices with various requirements and has a very wide range of applications.

[0075] The present application also provides another structure of a speed compensation system, which is used to achieve synchronization of the transmission speeds of the X-axis guide 110 and the Y-axis guide 130. This adjustment method is suitable for a printing device in which the Z-axis is fixed or there is no requirement for the Z-axis transmission speed, but the transmission speeds of the X-axis guide 110 and the Y-axis guide 130 need to be synchronized. The use of this speed compensation system can reduce the cost of use.

[0076] See also Figure 4 The speed compensation system in the above-mentioned adjustment method is not connected to the control system 400 and only includes a first speed sensor 181 , a second speed sensor 182 , a first driver 184 , a second driver 185 and a differential negative feedback controller 187 .

[0077] The first speed sensor 181 is correspondingly arranged on the gear on the X-axis guide rail 110, and is used to sense the rotation speed of the gear on the X-axis guide rail 110. The second speed sensor 182 is correspondingly arranged on the gear on the Y-axis guide rail 130, and is used to sense the rotation speed of the gear on the Y-axis guide rail 130. The first driver 184 and the second driver 185 are respectively connected to the first servo motor and the second servo motor, and are used to control the operation of the first servo motor and the second servo motor respectively. The differential negative feedback controller 187 is directly connected to the first speed sensor 181, the second speed sensor 182, the first driver 184 and the second driver 185 respectively.

[0078] The first speed sensor 181 and the second speed sensor 182 respectively send the sensed speed signals to the differential negative feedback controller 187, which directly performs negative feedback and transmits the feedback signals to the current command input terminals of the first servo motor and the second servo motor through the first driver 184 and the second driver 185 respectively. By adjusting the current of the first servo motor and the second servo motor, the speed of the first servo motor and the second servo motor can be quickly fine-tuned to achieve speed synchronization of the first servo motor and the second servo motor, thereby achieving transmission speed synchronization of the X-axis guide rail 110 and the Y-axis guide rail 130.

[0079] See also Figure 1 In the existing installation method, the beam 120 is connected to the X-axis guide rails 110 on both sides through the connecting column 121, but the connecting column 121 is fixed. Due to the limited travel on the Z-axis guide rail 150, it can be used in various venues with low printing height requirements. However, when encountering a venue with high printing height requirements, the existing beam 120 cannot be used and needs to be replaced with a higher beam 120, which is very costly.

[0080] In this embodiment, the connecting column 121 adopts a segmented type, and the connecting column 121 is composed of a number of identical connecting blocks that can be spliced ​​together. The splicing here can be spliced ​​together by screws or by welding. In this way, according to the actual height requirements, the corresponding number of connecting blocks can be selected for splicing and assembly without replacing the crossbeam 120, which greatly saves costs.

[0081] In addition, since the connecting column 121 is of segmented type, when the cross beam 120 is large in size, in order to ensure the supporting strength, a plurality of connecting columns 121 may be respectively provided on both sides of the cross beam 120 .

[0082] Furthermore, the crossbeam 120 may also be segmented, where the crossbeam 120 is configured to be composed of a plurality of crossbeam segments 122 that can be connected to each other, so that the present embodiment can meet the requirements of a larger printing volume.

[0083] Since the crossbeam 120 is segmented, in order not to affect the movement of the Y-axis slide 140 on the Y-axis guide rail 130, the Y-axis guide rail 130 is also segmented, consisting of a plurality of Y-axis guide rail segments that can be spliced ​​with each other, and a Y-axis guide rail segment is correspondingly arranged on each crossbeam segment 122, and the end face of the Y-axis guide rail segment is flush with the end face of the crossbeam segment 122, so that when the crossbeam segments 122 are spliced, the Y-axis guide segments can also be spliced.

[0084] See also Figure 1 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 , a workbench 170 is placed horizontally on the ground and is located between the two X-axis guide rails 110, and the printing material flowing out of the printer head can flow into its upper surface.

[0085] The workbench 170 specifically includes a bottom plate 171 and an upper wooden board 172 . The bottom plate 171 is made of the same material as that of an existing workbench, which may be a steel plate, but is relatively thin.

[0086] The upper wooden board 172 can be directly and detachably arranged above the bottom board 171 , and can be specifically arranged by respectively setting corresponding connection holes on both sides of the bottom board 171 and the upper wooden board 172 , and then connecting them by screws.

[0087] A printing layer 173 may be provided on the upper surface of the upper wooden board 172, and the printing material flowing out of the printer head may flow onto the printing layer 173, and the printing layer 173 may be directly and quickly bonded to the printing material without further heating.

[0088] The printing layer 173 is specifically composed of a plurality of fine particles and a glue coating, and the fine particles are the same as the base material of the printing material, so that when the printing material flows onto the printing layer 173, it will first flow into the gaps between the fine particles. Since the temperature of the printing material is relatively high and the thermal insulation performance of the upper wooden board 172 is very good, the printing material will melt the glue layer between the fine particles, and after the glue layer melts, the printing material and the fine particles will be bonded together, so that the printing material and the workbench 170 are directly bonded together, and the firmness is very high.

[0089] In this way, by adopting the workbench 170 of the above structure, the present application does not need to set an electric heating device on the bottom plate 171. The temperature of the printing material flowing onto the bottom plate is increased by heating with the electric heating device, thereby improving the firmness between the printing material and the bottom plate, greatly reducing the cost, and there will be no leakage, thereby improving safety.

[0090] Since the upper wooden board 172 and the bottom board 171 are detachable structures, and the volumes of the upper wooden board 172 and the bottom board 171 are relatively large, the levelness of the upper wooden board 172 will be very poor after installation, and errors will often occur, which will affect the printing accuracy. Therefore, the present application also provides an optimized structure of the workbench 170:

[0091] See also Figure 4 and Figure 5 An adjustment structure is provided on the bottom plate 171, and the upper wooden board 172 is directly and detachably arranged on the adjustment structure. The adjustment structure can drive the upper wooden board 172 to move up and down and adjust the horizontal angle of the upper wooden board 172, so as to ensure the horizontal shape of the upper wooden board 172 after installation.

[0092] The bottom plate 171 includes a plate body 171a, and a plurality of support columns 171b are provided on the lower surface of the plate body 171a. The plate body 171a can be supported above the ground by the support columns 171b, which facilitates the installation of the adjustment structure.

[0093] Several groups of through holes are provided on the plate body 171a, each group of through holes consists of a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole located on the same horizontal line, the first through hole is located on the left side of the plate body 171a, the second through hole is located in the middle of the plate body 171a, and the third through hole is located on the right side of the plate body 171a.

[0094] The adjustment structure includes a plurality of first lifting cylinders 510, a plurality of second lifting cylinders 520 and a plurality of third lifting cylinders 530. The telescopic end of each first lifting cylinder 510 passes through a corresponding first through hole, the telescopic end of each second lifting cylinder 520 passes through a corresponding second through hole, and the telescopic end of each third lifting cylinder 530 passes through a corresponding third through hole.

[0095] A rectangular connecting block 540 is respectively provided at the top of the telescopic end of each first lifting cylinder 510 and the top of the telescopic end of each third lifting cylinder 530. By controlling the telescopic movement of the first lifting cylinder 510 and the third lifting cylinder 530 respectively, the lifting and lowering of each rectangular connecting block 540 can be realized. When the rectangular connecting block 540 rises, its upper surface can contact the lower surface of the upper wooden board 172, thereby supporting the upper wooden board 172.

[0096] A hemispherical connecting block 550 is provided at the top of the telescopic end of each second lifting cylinder 520. By controlling the operation of the second lifting cylinder 520, the lifting and lowering of the hemispherical connecting block 550 can be realized. When the hemispherical connecting block 550 rises, its arc surface can contact the lower surface of the upper wooden board 172, thereby supporting the upper wooden board 172.

[0097] In this way, by respectively controlling the lifting and lowering of the first lifting cylinder 510, the second lifting cylinder 520 and the third lifting cylinder 530, the upper wooden board 172 can be supported above the board body 171a through the contact of the rectangular connecting blocks 540 on both sides and the hemispherical connecting block 550 in the middle with the lower surface of the upper wooden board 172. Since the hemispherical connecting block 550 in the middle is arc-shaped, the board body 171a can be rotated along the arc surface of the hemispherical connecting block 550 by controlling the lifting and lowering of the first lifting cylinder 510 and the third lifting cylinder 530 on both sides, thereby achieving angle fine-tuning and ensuring the horizontality of the upper wooden board 172.

[0098] A threaded connection groove is provided on the upper surface of each rectangular connection block 540, and the threaded connection groove on each rectangular connection block 540 corresponds to a connection hole originally opened on the upper wooden board 172, so that the upper wooden board 172 and the rectangular connection block 540 can be detachably connected as a whole by screws 560.

[0099] In addition, after printing is completed, the upper wooden board 172 can be supported to a certain height by controlling the first lifting cylinder 510, the second lifting cylinder 520 and the third lifting cylinder 530 to continue to rise, so as to facilitate the disassembly and assembly of the upper wooden board 172.

[0100] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 The extrusion device 200 is arranged on the Z-axis slide 160 and can move in the Z-axis direction along the Z-axis guide rail 150 with the Z-axis slide 160. It is used to extrude the printing material delivered by the feeding device 300 onto the printing layer 173 of the upper wooden board 172.

[0101] The extrusion device 200 is the same as the existing structure, and generally includes an extrusion barrel 210, an extrusion chamber 220, a driving motor 230, a compacting device 240 and other components. The feeding device 300 conveys the material into the extrusion barrel 210, and the extrusion barrel 210 then conveys the material into the extrusion chamber 220, which is first heated by an electric heating sleeve mounted outside the extrusion chamber 220, and then the driving motor 230 drives the extrusion screw in the extrusion chamber 220 to rotate, and extrude the material from the extrusion head at the lower end of the extrusion chamber 220 onto the printing layer 173 of the upper wooden board 172.

[0102] The number of the above-mentioned electric heating sleeves is generally single, so the heating efficiency is low. In the present application, three electric heating sleeves can be sequentially installed outside the extrusion chamber 220 from top to bottom, and these three electric heating sleeves are respectively controlled by the control system 400 and work independently. In this way, the heating power of the three electric heating sleeves can be set to be different through the control system 400, such as from top to bottom, the heating power decreases successively, which can greatly improve the heating efficiency and the energy consumption is not high.

[0103] See also Figure 8In addition, an infrared distance sensor 250 is provided at the bottom of the extrusion device 200. The infrared distance sensor 250 can be specifically installed on the lower surface of the compaction device 240 and connected to the control system 400. The infrared distance sensor 250 is used to sense the distance between the infrared distance sensor 250 and the upper wooden board 172 in real time, and send the sensed distance information to the control system 400. The control system 400 can compare the distance information sent by the infrared distance sensor 250 in real time. When the distance information changes, it proves that there is an error in the horizontality of the upper wooden board 172. At this time, the control system 400 can control the operation of each first lifting cylinder 510 and each third lifting cylinder 530 respectively, so as to fine-tune the workbench 170 and level the upper wooden board 172.

[0104] In this way, before printing, the printing device can first move the extrusion device while the feeding device 300 is preheating, and then measure the distance between the extrusion device 200 and the upper wooden board 172 in real time through the infrared distance sensor 250. When an error is detected, the control system can control the adjustment structure to level the upper wooden board 172, thereby ensuring the horizontality of the upper wooden board 172 when the printing device is printing.

[0105] In addition, when the printing device is printing, the infrared distance sensor 250 will measure the distance between the extrusion device 200 and the upper wooden board 172 in real time as the extrusion device 200 moves. During the printing process, the horizontality of the upper wooden board 172 can also be corrected, thereby further improving the printing accuracy.

[0106] A torque sensor 260 may be provided on the extrusion screw in the extrusion chamber 220 . The torque sensor 260 is connected to the control system 400 . The torque sensor 260 is used to detect the torque of the extrusion screw in real time and send the detected torque information to the control system 400 .

[0107] When there is an error in the horizontality of the upper wooden board 172 or the size of the printing device changes, the torque of the extrusion screw of the extrusion device 200 will also change when extruding material. When the control system 400 detects that the torque information sent by the torque sensor 260 has changed, it can control the operation of each first lifting cylinder 510 and each third lifting cylinder 530 respectively, thereby fine-tuning the upper wooden board 172 and leveling the upper wooden board 172.

[0108] In addition, when the printing device is printing, when the distance information sent by the infrared distance sensor 250 to the control system 400 changes, the control system 400 can control the rotation speed of the drive motor 230 accordingly, thereby correspondingly controlling the torque of the extrusion screw. In this way, when printing, there is no need to level the upper wooden board 172, and the printing accuracy can also be guaranteed.

[0109] Furthermore, when the printing device is printing, the control system can also perform comprehensive comparison and analysis based on the distance information sent by the infrared distance sensor 250 and the torque information sent by the torque sensor 260, and perform corresponding control on the drive motor 230 and / or each first lifting cylinder 510 and each third lifting cylinder 530, thereby improving the leveling efficiency and leveling accuracy.

[0110] See also Figure 2 and Figure 7 The feeding device 300 is connected to the extruding device 200 and is used for storing printing materials, preheating the printing materials and conveying the printing materials to the extruding device 200 .

[0111] The feeding device 300 includes at least three storage barrels 310 connected in series. Specifically, three storage barrels 310 can be used. The three storage barrels 310 are horizontally arranged in parallel on the beam 120. The three storage barrels 310 are connected by pipelines and are sucked by an air compressor or a pump to realize the transmission of printing materials between the storage barrels 310.

[0112] The material storage barrel 310 located at the front end (close to one end of the extrusion device 200 ) is connected to the extrusion barrel 210 through a pipeline, and can transport the printing material inside it to the extrusion barrel 210 .

[0113] A heating device 320 is provided in each storage barrel 310. The heating device 320 can be specifically a hot air blower, which has the same structure as the heating device inside the storage barrel in the prior art. The heating device 320 is connected to the control system 400, so that the heating of each storage barrel 310 can be independently controlled by the control system 400.

[0114] An electromagnetic valve 330 is provided at the discharge port of each storage barrel 310, and the electromagnetic valve 330 is connected to the control system 400, so that the control system 400 can independently control the transmission of materials between each storage barrel 310 and the transmission of materials between the storage barrel 310 and the extrusion barrel 210.

[0115] The present application can control the three heating devices 320 to work simultaneously through the control system 400, which greatly improves the heating efficiency and also improves the working efficiency.

[0116] In addition, since the material storage barrels 310 are connected in series, the external printing material is generally added to the material storage barrel 310 located at the end, and then transmitted in sequence, thereby realizing the transmission of material between the material storage barrels 310. In this embodiment, a temperature sensor 340 and a material level sensor 350 are also provided in each material storage barrel 310, and the temperature sensor 340 and the material level sensor 350 are also respectively connected to the control system 400. The temperature sensor 340 and the material level sensor 350 can respectively send the temperature and material amount of the printing material in the material storage barrel 310 to the control system 400.

[0117] In this way, the temperature of the material in each storage barrel 310 can be detected in real time through the temperature sensor 340. When the temperature reaches the heating value, the control system 400 can turn off the heating device 320 to achieve energy saving effect.

[0118] In addition, the material level sensor 350 can detect the material amount in each storage barrel 310 in real time. The control system 400 can control the electromagnetic valve 330 according to the material amount information sent by each material level sensor 350 to ensure that the material amount in each storage barrel 310 is the same. In this way, when the heating device 320 is used for simultaneous heating, the heating efficiency can be further improved.

[0119] The control system 400 is the central controller of the printing device, and all control instructions are issued by it, which is specifically a BWO numerical control system.

[0120] The following is the specific working process of the printing device:

[0121] (1) Select the corresponding printing material according to the application scenario, then add the printing material to the storage barrel 310 at the end, and then control the solenoid valves 330 of each storage barrel 310 through the control system 400 to evenly transport the material into each storage barrel 310, and then preheat it. When it is heated to the set value, stop preheating;

[0122] (2) During the preheating process, the workbench 170 is leveled by moving the extruder 200:

[0123] (3) After preheating, the material is transported to the extrusion barrel 210 of the extrusion device 200, and then the control system 400 turns on the three electric heating sleeves to work simultaneously to increase the temperature of the extrusion head of the extrusion device 200;

[0124] (4) Printing is then performed, and during the printing process, the control system 400 will also perform real-time deviation correction on the workbench 170.

[0125] The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A fused deposition modeling 3D printing device, comprising a gantry motion platform device, an extruder device and a feeder device, wherein the gantry motion platform device comprises an X-axis guide rail, a crossbeam, a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis ram, a Z-axis guide rail, a Z-axis ram and a workbench, wherein the extruder device is arranged on the Z-axis ram, and the feeder device is arranged on the crossbeam and feeds the extruder device, wherein: The fused deposition modeling 3D printing device also includes a control system, which controls the gantry motion platform device, the extruding device and the feeding device to work respectively, the feeding device includes at least three storage barrels connected in series, the storage barrel at the front end is connected to the extruding barrel of the extruding device, each storage barrel is provided with a heating device, the heating device is controlled by the control system, and an electromagnetic valve is provided on the discharge port of each storage barrel, the electromagnetic valve is controlled by the control system; The workbench includes a bottom plate and an upper wooden board, wherein the upper wooden board is detachably arranged above the bottom plate, and a printing layer is arranged on the upper surface of the upper wooden board, wherein the printing layer is composed of a plurality of fine particles and a glue coating, and the fine particles are the same as the base material of the printing material; The bottom plate is provided with an adjustment structure, the upper wooden board is detachably arranged on the adjustment structure, the adjustment structure can drive the upper wooden board to be lifted and lowered and adjust the horizontal angle of the upper wooden board, the bottom plate includes a plate body, a plurality of support columns are arranged on the lower surface of the plate body, a plurality of groups of through holes are arranged on the plate body, each group of through holes is composed of a first through hole, a second through hole and a third through hole located on the same horizontal line, the first through hole is located on the left side of the plate body, the second through hole is located in the middle of the plate body, and the third through hole is located on the right side of the plate body, the adjustment structure is arranged on the lower side of the plate body, the adjustment structure includes a plurality of first lifting cylinders, a plurality of second lifting cylinders and a plurality of third lifting cylinders, and the telescopic end of each first lifting cylinder passes through a corresponding first through hole, The telescopic end of each second lifting cylinder passes through a corresponding second through hole, and the telescopic end of each third lifting cylinder passes through a corresponding third through hole. A rectangular connecting block is respectively provided at the top of the telescopic end of each first lifting cylinder and the top of the telescopic end of each third lifting cylinder, and a threaded connecting groove is provided on the upper surface of the rectangular connecting block. A hemispherical connecting block is provided at the top of the telescopic end of each second lifting cylinder, and the arc surface of the hemispherical connecting block contacts the upper wooden board. A plurality of connecting holes are respectively provided on both sides of the upper wooden board, and each connecting hole is matched with a first through hole or a third through hole. The regulating structure is connected to the control system. An infrared distance sensor is provided at the bottom of the extruding device. The infrared distance sensor is connected to the control system. The infrared distance sensor can sense the horizontal distance between the extruding device and the upper wooden board, and send the sensed distance information to the control system. A temperature sensor and a material level sensor are arranged in each storage barrel, and the temperature sensor and the material level sensor are respectively connected to a control system.

2. A fused deposition modeling 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control system is a BWO numerical control system.

3. The fused deposition modeling 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The X-axis guide rail, the Y-axis guide rail and the Z-axis guide rail all adopt a gear rack transmission structure, and are respectively driven by a first servo motor, a second servo motor and a third servo motor connected in series in sequence. The gantry motion platform device also includes a speed compensation system, which is respectively connected to the first servo motor, the second servo motor and the third servo motor.

4. A fused deposition modeling 3D printing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The speed compensation system includes a first speed sensor, a second speed sensor, a third speed sensor, a first driver, a second driver, a third driver and a differential negative feedback controller. The first speed sensor is arranged on a gear on an X-axis guide rail, the second speed sensor is arranged on a gear on a Y-axis guide rail, and the third speed sensor is arranged on a gear on a Z-axis guide rail. The first driver is connected to a first servo motor, the second driver is connected to a second servo motor, and the third driver is connected to a third servo motor. The control system is respectively connected to the first speed sensor, the second speed sensor, the third speed sensor, the differential negative feedback controller, the first driver, the second driver and the third driver, and the differential negative feedback controller is respectively connected to the first driver, the second driver and the third driver.

5. A fused deposition modeling 3D printing device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The speed compensation system also includes a first displacement sensor, a second displacement sensor and a third displacement sensor, wherein the first displacement sensor is arranged at any end of the X-axis guide rail, the second displacement sensor is arranged at any end of the Y-axis guide rail, and the third displacement sensor is arranged at any end of the Z-axis guide rail, and the first displacement sensor, the second displacement sensor and the third displacement sensor are respectively connected to the control system.

6. The fused deposition modeling 3D printing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A torque sensor is provided on the extrusion screw of the extrusion device, and the torque sensor is connected to the control system.

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