Method for charging an electrical energy storage device

Abstract

The present invention relates to a charging method (100) for an electric energy storage device (22) of a motor vehicle (20), the charging method comprising the following steps: • detecting (110) the current charge state of the electric energy storage device (22); • detecting (120) the planned range of use of the motor vehicle (20); • determining (130) the ambient temperature prevailing during the planned use; • determining (140) a target charge state of the electric energy storage device as a function of the maximum possible charge state and the detected ambient temperature; • generating (150) a signal as a function of the determined target charge state; and • sending the generated signal to a charging current controller (28, 48) and / or an output device (17).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for charging an electrical energy storage device for a motor vehicle, a charging system designed to carry out the charging method, and a system comprising a motor vehicle, a charging station and the charging system, according to the type of the independent claims. Background Art

[0002] Nowadays, the batteries of electric vehicles are mostly charged at night. These batteries are mostly only partially or only rarely completely discharged. In most cases, the batteries of electric vehicles are charged as soon as the vehicle is stationary and there is a possibility of charging. This is also referred to as the so-called "always charging" (AC) model.

[0003] Another possibility for charging the battery pack of an electric vehicle can be based on the current energy price. In this case, the "threshold-based rule" (TBR) model is used. For this purpose, the electric vehicle must always be connected to a charging station. Information about the charge state of the battery pack and the energy costs is provided centrally (cloud-based solution). Summary of the invention

[0004] The charging method according to the invention comprising the steps listed below has the advantage that aging of the electrical energy storage device is reduced.

[0005] In one method step, the current state of charge of an electrical energy storage device, in particular a battery, is detected. Electrical energy storage devices store electrical energy on an electrochemical basis.

[0006] In one method step, a planned use of the motor vehicle is detected.

[0007] In one method step, an ambient temperature is determined which prevails during the planned use, in particular at the planned location of use and / or at the planned time of use.

[0008] In one method step, a target state of charge of the electrical energy storage device is determined as a function of the maximum possible state of charge and the detected ambient temperature. The target state of charge decreases in particular as the ambient temperature increases.

[0009] In one method step, a signal is generated as a function of the determined target state of charge, and the generated signal is sent to a charging current controller and / or an output device. The charging current controller is in particular part of a motor vehicle or a charging station.

[0010] It is advantageous if the energy store is charged independently of whether a charging current is provided to it as a function of factors influencing aging, such as the ambient temperature, use of the motor vehicle, the charging and / or discharging current and the state of charge.

[0011] Advantageous embodiments and improvements of the method specified in the independent claim result from the measures listed in the dependent claims.

[0012] A possible extension is to determine the surroundings at the planned use location during the planned use time. Unwanted aging of the energy storage device can be prevented as much as possible. Preferably, by this approach, possible problems when changing the use location with different temperatures can also be fully taken into account.

[0013] An advantageous embodiment is to determine the ambient temperature with the aid of a forecast service. Accordingly, the ambient temperature of the planned location of use and the planned time of use are queried, for example, via an Internet connection.

[0014] One embodiment is that the ambient temperature includes not only a temperature value but a number of temperature values ​​corresponding to the number of locations of use and / or the course of use over time. The ambient temperature values ​​are thus in particular designed as an array which influences the calculation of the target state of charge.

[0015] One possible embodiment is characterized in that the signal is a charging control signal. The charging control signal is supplied to a charging current controller. The charging current controller is in particular part of the motor vehicle and / or part of a charging station. The charging current controller regulates the magnitude of the charging current used to charge the electrical energy storage device.

[0016] An advantageous embodiment of the method comprises the following optional method claim.

[0017] In one method step, the electrical energy storage device is charged until a target state of charge is reached. In particular, the charging is performed by means of a charging current of a charging station or a charging current controller. The charging current controller adjusts the charging current supplied to the energy storage device as a function of the target state of charge and the current state of charge.

[0018] In one method step, starting from a target state of charge, a duration is determined for charging the electrical energy storage device to a maximum possible state of charge.

[0019] In a subsequent method step, a control signal is generated such that the energy store has substantially reached a target state of charge shortly before or at the time of the planned use.

[0020] The advantage results in that the range below the maximum possible state of charge which is disadvantageous for aging only exists for a short time, in particular shortly before use of the motor vehicle.

[0021] An advantageous further development is that the scope of use includes in particular one or more expected driving behaviors and / or one or more expected altitudes and / or the presence or absence of a user and / or one or more route trajectories. This allows the target state of charge to be calculated even better and more precisely.

[0022] One possible embodiment is that a minimum state of charge is determined as a function of the planned use and the determined ambient temperature. The determined minimum permissible state of charge is also included in the determination of the target state of charge.

[0023] One further development is to detect the self-discharge rate. The target state of charge is determined based on the self-discharge rate. The self-discharge rate is the rate at which the energy storage device discharges itself.

[0024] The invention also relates to an input system. The input system is designed to implement a charging method according to one of the above method claims. Preferably, the input system is designed as an important method step for implementing the charging method. For this purpose, the input system advantageously has a communication device for communicating with the motor vehicle and / or the charging station and / or a third device, such as a forecast service. The input system also has an input device for detecting a range of use.

[0025] The input device can be designed in particular as a button, a switch, a keyboard, a touch element and / or by means of a voice input system.

[0026] The input system has a processing unit which is designed to carry out some of the method steps, in particular all of the method steps. The input system has an output device which is designed to output the generated signal. The output device is also designed so that the output device can send the generated signal, in particular, to a charging current controller, a motor vehicle and / or a charging station.

[0027] One possible embodiment is that the input system is part of the motor vehicle, in particular is fixedly installed in the motor vehicle. The input system is in particular part of a navigation system or the input system is formed by the navigation system.

[0028] According to another particularly advantageous embodiment, the input system can be used in a mobile manner. The input system is designed so that the input system can implement all steps of the method. Preferably, the input system is implemented as a smart phone, a tablet computer, a computer or a smart watch.

[0029] One embodiment is that the computer program is implemented in such a way that it can implement all steps of the method. The computer program is implemented in particular on an input system, such as a smartphone, tablet, computer or smartwatch, navigation system, multimedia system.

[0030] One possible embodiment is that the machine-readable storage medium is designed in such a way that the computer program is stored thereon.

[0031] The invention also relates to a system comprising a motor vehicle, a charging station and an input system. The system is designed to carry out a method according to one of the method claims. The charging station is designed to supply the motor vehicle with a current for charging the electrical energy storage device. The charging current is regulated in particular by a charging current controller. The charging current controller is part of the motor vehicle or the charging station.

[0032] Advantageously, a detection device is provided which is designed to detect losses when charging the energy storage device. Such losses may occur in particular due to cooling and the cooling devices of the motor vehicle associated therewith. Depending on the losses detected by the detection device, the charging current controller adapts the charging current in such a way that the electrical energy storage device is charged to a target charge state at the desired time of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features of the present invention are apparent from the accompanying drawings and are further described in the following description.

[0034] Figure 1 shows a flow chart of a method according to the present invention; and

[0035] Figure 2 A system according to the invention is shown with an input system according to the invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] exist Figure 1 A flow chart of a method 100 according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The method 100 comprises a plurality of method steps, the order of which may be relative to Figure 1 The arrangement in is transposed. Figure 2 2 shows a system 1 according to the invention having an input system 10 according to the invention.

[0037] In method step 110, the current charge state of the electrical energy storage device 22, in particular in the form of a battery, is detected. In this case, the detection 110 can be performed directly by means of a sensor. Alternatively or additionally, the sensor can detect a value and provide it by means of an energy storage device management system and / or a communication connection. The charge state can be queried, in particular detected, by means of a query of the sensor or the management system via a communication connection.

[0038] The method 100 is at least partially carried out on the processing unit 13 of the input system 10. The processing unit 13 has a communication device 26 which can send a corresponding query and receive a charging status as a response.

[0039] The electrical energy storage device 22 is designed in particular as a secondary battery, preferably as a rechargeable battery. The electrical energy storage device 22 is an electrochemically based, rechargeable storage device for electrical energy. The electrical energy storage device contains lithium in particular.

[0040] In the next method step 120, the planned range of use of the motor vehicle 20 is detected. The range of use includes in particular the expected driving style and / or the expected altitude and / or the presence and absence of a user and / or the route trajectory during driving. The expected range of use also includes in particular how the motor vehicle is to be used, when the motor vehicle is to be used, where the motor vehicle is to be used and / or how long the motor vehicle is to be used.

[0041] The expected driving style includes in particular how the user drives his vehicle, in particular with regard to speed, acceleration and deceleration. If, for example, this is a frugal driver, the target state of charge can be designed to be lower than for an unfrugal driver for the same distance. In addition, an aggressive driving style means a higher energy consumption than a gentle driving style.

[0042] The expected route can be detected in particular by means of a query at the input system.

[0043] The input system 10 can be designed in particular as a mobile device, preferably as a smartphone, a tablet, a laptop, a smartwatch. However, the input system can also be part of a motor vehicle. The input system can be integrated in particular into an HMI system, in particular a navigation system of a motor vehicle. The input system can be formed by the HMI system.

[0044] The expected route has an influence on the energy demand, in particular a motor vehicle 20 that is only traveling downhill requires less energy than a motor vehicle 20 that is traveling uphill. For example, high recuperation energy after the start of the journey will influence the determination of the target state of charge. If the user lives, for example, in the mountains and he first drives to a mountain pass on his route, the recuperation energy generated during the travel in the mountain pass can be used for the subsequent charging of the energy storage device 22. The target state of charge when charging at a charging station can be set correspondingly lower.

[0045] The expected presence and absence of the user is preferably part of the planned scope of use. An absent user does not, for example, need a motor vehicle 10 with a fully charged energy storage device 22. In particular, in this case, a comparison can be made with the user's calendar.

[0046] In the next method step 130, the ambient temperature is determined. Preferably, the ambient temperature at the planned place of use and during the planned period of use is determined. In particular, this determination is carried out with the aid of a temperature sensor and / or a forecast method. Alternatively or additionally, the ambient temperature can be determined with the aid of a forecast service. The forecast service can be, for example, a weather service that provides forecasted weather via the Internet. The determined ambient temperature can be constructed as an array, which includes a plurality of ambient temperature values. These ambient temperature values ​​correspond to the forecasted temperature values ​​at the respective places of use of the motor vehicle.

[0047] In the next method step 140, a target state of charge of the energy storage device 22 is determined as a function of the maximum possible state of charge. The maximum possible state of charge corresponds to a 100% charge of the electrical energy storage device. The maximum possible state of charge corresponds to the current maximum possible state of charge including aging. The maximum energy that can be stored in the energy storage device decreases due to aging. The current maximum state of charge is 100%, which may have decreased relative to the original maximum state of charge, in particular also due to aging.

[0048] Furthermore, the determined ambient temperature is also incorporated into the determination of the target state of charge. This reduces the effects of aging of the electrical energy storage device. If, for example, the ambient temperature rises by more than 30° C. over a period of several days, the target state of charge is limited to, for example, 80% of the maximum possible state of charge.

[0049] In the next method step 150, a signal is generated. The signal is generated as a function of the determined target state of charge. The signal is designed so that it can be sent to the motor vehicle 20 and / or the charging station 40 by means of the communication device 15. The signal is sent to the motor vehicle 20 and / or the charging station. Preferably, the signal is sent to the charging current controller 28 of the motor vehicle 20 and / or the charging current controller 48 of the charging station 20.

[0050] Alternatively or additionally, the signal is generated such that an output is generated on an output device 17 of the input system 10. The signal causes in particular that the output device 17 outputs the determined target charging state as a suggestion, in particular for checking by a user. The output device 17 can in particular be a display device, preferably a display, and / or an audio output device, preferably a loudspeaker.

[0051] In an optional method step 160, the electrical energy storage device 22 is charged until a target state of charge is reached. Preferably, this optional method step 160 is performed by the charging station 40 itself or by a charging current controller 28, 48 of the motor vehicle. Preferably, this method step 160 is performed by a charging current controller 28, 48. For this purpose, the charging station 40 provides a charging current. The magnitude of the charging current is based on the type of energy storage device 22, the energy provided by the energy grid, the target state of charge and the current state of charge.

[0052] In the next optional method step 170, starting from the target state of charge, the duration of charging the electrical energy storage device 22 to the maximum possible state of charge is determined. The energy storage device 22 of the motor vehicle 20 can be charged to a target state of charge which is optimal for the energy storage device 22 with regard to aging phenomena. However, if the maximum energy storage capacity is required, the remaining charge can be loaded shortly before use by the user. For this purpose, it is necessary to know how long it takes for the electrical energy storage device to be charged to the maximum charge starting from the target state of charge.

[0053] In a subsequent optional method step 180 , a control signal is generated such that the energy store has essentially reached the maximum possible state shortly before or during the planned use.

[0054] In addition, in an optional method step 133, a minimum permissible state of charge is determined as a function of the state of the energy storage device. A target state of charge is determined as a function of the range of use and the ambient temperature and the determined minimum permissible state of charge. For example, if the minimum state of charge is 20% of the maximum charge and the optimal target state of charge is 80%, but a charge of 90% is required, the target state of charge may be increased to 90%. Alternatively, the minimum state of charge may be reduced to 15% and the target state of charge may be increased to 85%.

[0055] In a subsequent optional method step 136 , the self-discharge rate is detected. The target state of charge is determined as a function of the self-discharge rate. The self-discharge rate depends both on the electrochemical system and on the design or embodiment of the energy storage device.

[0056] exist Figure 2 A system 1 is shown in . The system comprises an input system 10 , a motor vehicle 20 and a charging station 40 .

[0057] The input system 10 is designed and configured such that it can implement the method 100. The input system 10 has a communication device 15. The communication device 15 can communicate with the charging station 40 and / or the motor vehicle 20, in particular with the charging current controller 28, 48, in particular by means of wireless or wired communication. In particular, the communication is carried out by means of LTE, UMTS, 3G, 5G, 6G, WLAN, Bluetooth, etc. The motor vehicle 20 has a communication device 26. The charging station 40 has a communication device 46.

[0058] The input system 10 furthermore has an output device 17. The output device 17 can be designed in particular as a display device, preferably as a monitor, and / or as an audio output device, preferably as a loudspeaker.

[0059] The input system 10 also has a processing unit 13, which is designed in particular to carry out at least individual method steps. Optionally, the input system 10 also has a temperature sensor, which can detect the temperature of the surroundings. Alternatively or additionally, the input system 10 can establish a communication connection with an external third device by means of its communication device 15 and query the ambient temperature at one or more specific times and at one or more specific locations from the external third device. In particular, the input system queries the ambient temperature at the time and location where the vehicle is located.

[0060] The input system 10 furthermore has an input device 19. The input device 19 is designed in such a way that a planned usage behavior can be detected by a user.

[0061] Motor vehicle 20 has an electrical energy storage device 22 .

[0062] Energy storage device 22 supplies energy to a drive system of motor vehicle 20 . Preferably, this is a hybrid motor vehicle 20 or an electric motor vehicle 20 .

[0063] The motor vehicle 20 further comprises a processing unit 24 which is designed such that it can process the individual method steps. Preferably, method step 110 is implemented, in particular partially, by the processing unit 24. If a charging controller 28 is also provided in the motor vehicle, it is in particular part of the processing unit.

[0064] The processing unit 24 has sensors which can detect the charge state of the energy storage device 22. A communication device 26 which is also part of the vehicle 20 enables communication with the charging station 40 and / or the input system 10.

[0065] According to one embodiment of the invention, input system 10 is fixedly installed in motor vehicle 20. Preferably, communication between communication device 15 of input system 10 and communication device 26 of processing unit 24 takes place by means of a wired connection, in particular by means of a Can, Lin or Most bus.

[0066] Charging station 40 has a charging control device 48 . Charging control device 48 monitors the current supplied to motor vehicle 20 .

[0067] The charge control device 48 also regulates the current provided by the energy operator. The charge control device 48 regulates the current to a charging current so that a target state of charge is achieved in the energy storage device 22. Preferably, the charging current is regulated here so that the target state of charge is achieved at a desired point in time. Thus, the charging current is calibrated so that the target state of charge is achieved shortly before the desired use or at the desired point in time of use.

[0068] A detection device is also provided, which determines the losses during charging, in particular for cooling the energy storage device 22. During charging, the energy storage device 22 must be cooled, for example. Cooling requires energy. This energy can be regarded as a loss. For cooling, part of the charging energy is used. The detection device can be designed in particular in the motor vehicle 20 or in the charging station 40. The charging current of the charging station 40 is adjusted according to the detected losses. Despite the losses, the target charge state is still achieved.

[0069] If the smart grid function is possible, the target state of charge of the battery pack can be adapted when, for example, the ambient conditions, in particular the ambient temperature or the expected use change. In this case, in addition to the function of charging the energy storage device, it is also possible to discharge the energy storage device.

[0070] If a fleet of several electric vehicles is additionally operated, the operation can be adapted such that the energy storage devices of the individual vehicles are equally loaded on average and take into account the use, in particular driving behavior, in which the vehicles are uniformly loaded on average.

[0071] The operating state of the electrical energy storage device can be detected via input system 10 , via which the planned route can be determined.

[0072] According to one embodiment of the invention, the planned scope of use is known from a calendar.

Claims

1. A method (100) for charging an electrical energy storage device (22) for a motor vehicle (20), the method comprising the following steps: Detecting (110) the current state of charge of the electrical energy storage device (22); Detecting (120) a planned range of use of the motor vehicle (20); determining (130) the ambient temperature that will exist during the planned use period; determining (140) a target state of charge for the electrical energy storage device as a function of the maximum possible state of charge and the determined ambient temperature; generating (150) a signal based on the determined target state of charge; and sending the generated signal to a charging current controller (28, 48) and / or an output device (17), The scope of use includes: Expected driving style, expected altitude and terrain, presence or absence of the user and / or route trajectory.

2. The charging method (100) according to claim 1, comprising the following further steps: Charging (160) the electrical energy storage device (22) until the target state of charge is reached; Starting from the target state of charge, determining (170) the duration for charging the electrical energy storage device (22) to a maximum possible state of charge; Generating (180) a control signal which causes the electrical energy storage device (22) to reach the target state of charge before or during a planned use.

3. The charging method (100) according to one of the preceding claims, comprising the following method steps: • Determining (133) a minimum permissible state of charge based on planned usage and the determined ambient temperature.

4. The charging method (100) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: A self-discharge rate (136) is detected, and the target state of charge is determined based on the self-discharge rate.

5. An input system (10), configured to implement a method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the input system comprising: a communication device (15) for communicating with a motor vehicle (20) and / or a charging station (40); an input device (19) for detecting a range of use; a processing unit; and an output device (17).

6. The input system (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that The input system (1) is built fixedly into the motor vehicle (20).

7. The input system (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that The input system (10) can be used in a mobile manner.

8. A system (1) comprising a motor vehicle (20), a charging station (40) and an input system (10) according to one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the system (1) is designed to implement a method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, and wherein the charging station (40) provides a charging current to the motor vehicle (20) for charging an electrical energy storage device (22).

9. The system (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that A detection device is provided, which is designed to detect losses during charging of the electrical energy storage device (22), and wherein the charging station (40) is designed to achieve the target charge state despite the losses by adapting the charging current.

10. A computer program product comprising a computer program which is set up and configured to carry out all steps of the method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a storage system (10) and / or a motor vehicle is set up and configured to carry out the computer program.

11. The computer program product according to claim 10, characterized in that A multimedia or control system of the motor vehicle is designed and configured to execute the computer program.

12. A machine-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is set up and constructed to carry out all steps of the method (100) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the storage medium is part of the motor vehicle and / or the input system.

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