Laser inner hole cladding head

Abstract

The invention provides a laser inner hole cladding head, comprising an optical fiber plug, an optical fiber interface, an optical fiber water cooling module, a collimating lens module, a connecting flange, a light guide, a terminal structure, and a reflector module which are detachably connected in sequence; the optical fiber plug and the optical fiber interface are used for switching and fixing the optical fiber for transmitting laser from a laser generator, and the laser is collimated into parallel light after passing through a collimating lens group installed in the collimating lens module and is transmitted to the terminal structure; a focusing lens group is installed in the terminal structure, and after the parallel light is shaped and focused by the focusing lens group, it can be reflected by a reflector in the reflector module to a light exit hole of the terminal structure, and irradiated to a workpiece surface through the light exit hole; a powder feeding nozzle module is also provided on one side of the light exit hole, and the powder feeding nozzle module is detachably connected to one side of the terminal structure, and the powder feeding nozzle thereon can feed powder toward the surface of the workpiece in the direction of emitting laser from the light exit hole. The invention can realize long-term uninterrupted continuous operation, and has stable and reliable performance and low cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to laser processing equipment, in particular to a laser inner hole cladding head. Background Art

[0002] Laser cladding, also known as laser cladding or laser melting, is a new surface modification technology. It is a method of adding cladding materials to the surface of the substrate and using a high-energy-density laser beam to melt it together with a thin layer on the surface of the substrate, thereby forming a filler cladding layer that is metallurgically bonded to the substrate surface. This can significantly improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical properties of the substrate surface, thereby achieving the purpose of surface modification or repair, which not only meets the requirements for specific surface properties of the material, but also saves a large amount of precious elements. Compared with surfacing, spraying, electroplating and vapor deposition, laser cladding has the characteristics of low dilution, dense organization, good bonding between coating and substrate, many suitable cladding materials, and large changes in particle size and content. Therefore, the application prospect of laser cladding technology is very broad.

[0003] However, during the cladding of inner holes, the environment inside the hole is relatively harsh. Its environmental characteristics are generally high temperature, high dust, high oil pollution, etc., and the space is relatively small. During laser cladding, large amounts of powder splash, which can easily damage the cladding head and greatly shorten its service life. This seriously affects the efficiency of cladding, limits the repair of many high-value-added shaft inner holes, and limits the development of laser cladding, an advanced manufacturing technology, in the petroleum, petrochemical, steel and other industries. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above problems, according to the process characteristics of laser internal hole cladding and combined with the working conditions of laser internal hole cladding, the present invention proposes a laser internal hole cladding head, which can be suitable for internal hole laser cladding with a minimum aperture of 90mm and a maximum depth of 2000mm, and realizes high-power (maximum 3kW) laser cladding, so that it can be used for long-term uninterrupted continuous operation in relatively harsh environments, improve the cladding efficiency, and has stable and reliable performance and low cost.

[0005] The present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A laser inner hole cladding head comprises an optical fiber plug, an optical fiber interface, an optical fiber water cooling module, a collimating lens module, a connecting flange, a light guide, a terminal structure, and a reflector module which are detachably connected in sequence; the optical fiber plug and the optical fiber interface are used for switching and fixing the optical fiber for transmitting laser from a laser generator, and the laser is collimated into parallel light after passing through a collimating lens group installed in the collimating lens module and transmitted to the terminal structure; a focusing lens group is installed in the terminal structure, and after the parallel light is shaped and focused by the focusing lens group, it can be reflected by a reflector in the reflector module to a light exit hole of the terminal structure, and irradiated to a workpiece surface through the light exit hole; a powder delivery nozzle module is also provided on one side of the light exit hole, and the powder delivery nozzle module is detachably connected to one side of the terminal structure, and the powder delivery nozzle thereon can deliver powder to the workpiece surface in the direction of laser emission from the light exit hole.

[0007] Furthermore, the light output hole is a conical hole detachably connected to the terminal structure, and a protective mirror is also provided on one side of the large end face of the conical hole. The outer circumference of the protective mirror is installed in the terminal structure through a protective mirror buckle sleeve, and the laser reflected by the reflector of the reflector module can be irradiated from the light output hole to the surface of the workpiece through the protective mirror.

[0008] Furthermore, a protective air pipe is connected to the terminal structure between the protective mirror and the light exit hole.

[0009] Furthermore, two groups of water cooling pipes are provided on both sides of the protective air pipe, the terminal structure is provided with two groups of through holes which can respectively penetrate the two groups of water cooling pipes, and the reflector module is also provided with a connecting hole which can connect the two groups of through holes.

[0010] Preferably, a water-cooling sealing ring for sealing the connecting hole and the through hole is provided between the terminal structure and the reflector module; and a dust sealing ring is provided between the outside of the laser channel port of the terminal structure and the reflector module.

[0011] Preferably, the reflector module is made of copper, and its light-facing surface is provided with a gold-plated layer after being ground and polished.

[0012] Preferably, the outer periphery of the focusing lens group is installed in the laser channel of the terminal structure through a focusing lens locking ring.

[0013] Preferably, the light guide tube is made of TC4 titanium tube, and a light guide locking ring is threadedly connected to the outside of the light guide tube. The light guide locking ring abuts against one end of the light guide tube and can lock a connecting flange connected to the outside of the light guide tube.

[0014] Preferably, an annular water-cooling chamber is provided inside the optical fiber water-cooling module and the collimating lens module.

[0015] Preferably, the optical fiber plug, optical fiber interface, and optical fiber water cooling module are connected in sequence by threads, the optical fiber water cooling module, collimating lens module, and connecting flange are connected by bolts, the connecting flange is threadedly connected to the outside of the light guide tube, the light guide tube is threadedly connected in the laser channel of the terminal structure, and the terminal structure is connected to the reflector module by screws, and the connecting parts among the optical fiber plug, optical fiber interface, optical fiber water cooling module, collimating lens module, connecting flange, light guide tube, terminal structure, and reflector module are also provided with sealing rings that can be used to isolate the outside world from the laser channel.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0017] (1) Since the optical fiber plug, optical fiber interface, optical fiber water cooling module, collimating lens module, connecting flange, light guide tube, terminal structure, and reflector module are modular and detachable, the subsequent maintenance and replacement can greatly reduce the maintenance cost and be debugged;

[0018] (2) Since the optical fiber water cooling module and the collimating lens module can be uniformly designed as standard modules based on various optical fiber types, different optical fiber plugs can be adapted by changing the type of optical fiber interface, so that the inner hole cladding head is suitable for lasers with different optical fiber plug modes, such as: QBH, LLK-D, LLK-B, etc.;

[0019] (3) After the optical fiber plug, optical fiber interface, optical fiber water cooling module, collimating lens module, connecting flange, light guide, terminal structure, and reflector module are assembled and debugged in sequence, the laser can be transmitted from the optical fiber plug into the collimating lens module to achieve laser optical shaping, and then form parallel light, which is shaped again by the light guide through the focusing lens group in the terminal structure to form a focused light spot, which is reflected by the reflector module and emitted from the light outlet to the workpiece to be processed; it can be seen that the laser shaping function is completed from the optical fiber plug to the light outlet, and water cooling is completed during the shaping process, ensuring that the cladding head device meets the needs of various high-temperature working conditions; this device can be used for laser cladding of inner walls with an inner wall space diameter of ≥90mm, and the performance is relatively stable and reliable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present invention, they are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention. In the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of part B;

[0023] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the explosion;

[0024] Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A cross-sectional view of

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of

[0026] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of part D in the middle;

[0027] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure in which the terminal structure parts are connected;

[0028] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 Explosion diagram of

[0029] Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 A top view of

[0030] Fig.10 is along Fig. 9 A cross-sectional view along the line AA in FIG.

[0031] Fig.11 is along Fig. 9 A cross-sectional view taken along line CC in FIG.

[0032] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure after the terminal structure and the reflector module are disassembled;

[0033] Fig.13 a cross-sectional view of the reflector module along an inclined plane;

[0034] Markings in the figure: 1 is the optical fiber plug, 2 is the optical fiber interface, 3 is the optical fiber water cooling module, 4 is the collimating lens module, 5 is the connecting flange, 6 is the light guide locking ring, 7 is the light guide, 8 is the powder delivery pipe, 9 is the water cooling pipe, 10 is the protective air pipe, 11 is the terminal structure, 12 is the reflector module, 13 is the dust sealing ring, 14 is the water cooling sealing ring, 15 is the protective mirror, 16 is the protective mirror buckle sleeve, 17 is the light outlet hole, 18 is the powder delivery nozzle module, 19 is the focusing lens group, 20 is the focusing lens locking ring, 21 is the powder delivery nozzle, and 23 is the connecting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Combine 1 to Fig.13A laser inner hole cladding head shown in the embodiment includes an optical fiber plug 1, an optical fiber interface 2, an optical fiber water cooling module 3, a collimating lens module 4, a connecting flange 5, a light guide 7, an end structure 11, and a reflector module 12, which are sequentially detachably connected; the optical fiber plug 1 and the optical fiber interface 2 are used for optical fiber switching and fixing of the laser generator for transmitting laser light, and the laser light is collimated into parallel light after passing through the collimating lens group installed in the collimating lens module 4 and is transmitted to the end structure 11, and in the present embodiment, the collimating lens group uses a double-lens collimation method to collimate the divergent laser output by the optical fiber into parallel light, and the diameter of the parallel light is less than 25mm, ensuring that there is no divergence of the parallel light within a range of 3m; a focusing lens group 19 is installed in the end structure, and after the parallel light is shaped and focused by the focusing lens group 19, it can be reflected by the 45° reflector in the reflector module 12 to the light exit hole of the end structure 11, and irradiated to the surface of the workpiece through the light exit hole; the focusing focal length of the focusing mirror in the focusing lens group in the present embodiment is 150mm, and can be replaced with other focusing focal lengths according to process requirements. The reflector module is made of gold-plated copper material, which has good thermal conductivity. Its light-facing surface is gold-plated after grinding and polishing, which can ensure that it is not easily damaged when irradiated with high-energy lasers, and has high reflectivity. A powder feeding nozzle module 18 is also provided on one side of the light outlet, and the powder feeding nozzle module 18 is installed on one side of the terminal structure 11, and the powder feeding nozzle 21 thereon can feed powder to the surface of the workpiece in the direction of the laser emitting from the light outlet 17. In this process, the laser cladding powder is conveyed to the powder feeding module 18 by the powder conveying equipment through the powder feeding pipe 8, and the powder feeding nozzle 21 is used to feed powder to the workpiece surface in the direction of the laser emitting from the light outlet 17. The powder delivery nozzle 21 of the module 18 comes out, and the powder is delivered to the laser beam to be melted to realize the cladding function; the powder delivery nozzle module 18 is tightly fixed to the terminal structure 11, and the heat on the powder delivery nozzle 21 can be quickly transferred to the water cooling component, so as to cool the powder delivery nozzle and reduce the probability of damage thereof; in this embodiment, the fixing screws between the powder delivery nozzle module 18 and the terminal structure 11 are loosened and tightened, and the powder delivery nozzle module 18 can be moved up and down and swung left and right to adjust the angle between the powder delivery direction and the laser beam to reach the best position and obtain the best cladding effect;

[0036] The light exit hole is a conical hole detachably connected to the terminal structure 11. A protective mirror 15 is also provided on one side of the large end face of the conical hole. The outer circumference of the protective mirror 15 is installed in the terminal structure 11 through a protective mirror buckle sleeve 16. The laser reflected by the reflector of the reflector module 12 can be irradiated from the light exit hole to the surface of the workpiece through the protective mirror 15. The conical hole light exit hole is small, which can reduce the residue and reflection splashed to the protective mirror 15 inside it, thereby increasing the service life of the protective mirror and reducing the replacement frequency. The light exit hole can also be made of copper material, so it has good thermal conductivity, and the cooling water of the terminal structure 11 can also be cooled to the light exit hole 17, preventing the light exit hole from being damaged by overheating due to reflection during laser cladding and cladding splash residue. The protective mirror 15 can be sealed with a protective mirror buckle sleeve 16, which has the function of preventing splashes, oil stains, dust and reflections from entering the terminal structure (11) and directly contacting the reflector mirror surface and the focusing mirror surface, thereby increasing its service life.

[0037] A protective gas pipe 10 is also connected to the terminal structure 11 between the protective mirror 15 and the light outlet hole. Therefore, the gas supply pipe fills the cladding process protective gas into the light outlet hole 17 through the terminal structure 11, which can form a positive pressure in the light outlet hole 17, reduce the splashing of laser cladding into the light outlet hole 17 and contaminate the protective mirror 16, thereby extending the service life of the protective mirror. At the same time, according to the needs of the cladding process, the protective gas can be selected from various inert gases to protect the laser cladding molten pool and achieve better cladding effect;

[0038] Two groups of water cooling pipes 9 are also provided on both sides of the protective air pipe, the terminal structure 11 is provided with two groups of through holes which can be respectively connected with the two groups of water cooling pipes 9, and the reflector module 12 is also provided with a connecting hole 23 which can connect the two groups of through holes, and the terminal structure and the reflector module are both made of copper material, so the water cooling method of this series channel only needs one inlet and one outlet cooling water pipe, which reduces the number of cooling water pipes, ensures the water cooling effect, and can make the inner hole cladding head more resistant to high temperature during the inner wall cladding;

[0039] A water-cooled sealing ring 14 for sealing the connecting hole and the through hole is also provided between the terminal structure 11 and the reflector module 12; a dust sealing ring 13 is also provided between the laser channel port of the terminal structure 11 and the reflector module 12;

[0040] The periphery of the focusing lens group is installed in the laser channel of the terminal structure 11 through the focusing lens locking ring 20;

[0041] The light guide tube adopts TC4 titanium tube, and in this embodiment, the diameter of the light guide tube is less than 40mm, and the inner wall thickness is less than 3mm. At the same time, the titanium tube adopted is light in weight, high in strength, excellent in mechanical properties, and not easy to deform, thereby avoiding the deformation of the light guide tube caused by high temperature heat accumulation in the narrow space of the inner hole and the heavy end device of the inner hole cladding head during the inner hole cladding process. If the light guide tube is deformed, the laser will not be able to correctly reach the predetermined workpiece. In addition, the light guide tube 7 is also threadedly connected to a light guide locking ring 6, which abuts against one end of the light guide tube 7 and can lock the connecting flange 5 connected to the outside of the light guide tube 7;

[0042] The optical fiber water cooling module 3 and the collimating lens module 4 are both provided with an annular water cooling chamber, thereby ensuring the cooling effect of the optical fiber and the lens, and preventing the optical fiber and the lens from being damaged by overheating;

[0043] The optical fiber plug 1, the optical fiber interface 2, and the optical fiber water cooling module 3 are connected in sequence through threads, the optical fiber water cooling module 3, the collimating lens module 4, and the connecting flange 5 are connected through bolts, the connecting flange 5 is threadedly connected to the outside of the light guide 7, the light guide 7 is threadedly connected to the laser channel of the terminal structure 11, and the terminal structure 11 is connected to the reflector module 12 through screws, and the connecting parts among the optical fiber plug 1, the optical fiber interface 2, the optical fiber water cooling module 3, the collimating lens module 4, the connecting flange 5, the light guide 7, the terminal structure 11, and the reflector module 12 are also provided with sealing rings that can be used to isolate the outside world and the laser channel. Therefore, this sealing measure can prevent dust and oil from entering the inner wall to pollute the lens surface and the optical fiber end face, and can also better adapt to the environment of high temperature, large dust, and much oil in the inner hole cladding, thereby greatly improving its service life.

[0044] The working principle of the present invention is: after the optical fiber plug, the optical fiber interface, the optical fiber water cooling module, the collimating lens module, the connecting flange, the light guide, the terminal structure, and the reflector module are assembled and debugged in sequence, the laser can be transmitted from the optical fiber plug into the collimating lens module to realize laser optical shaping, and then the parallel light is formed and reshaped again by the light guide through the focusing lens group in the terminal structure to form a focused light spot, which is reflected by the reflector module and emitted from the light outlet to the workpiece to be processed; it can be seen that the shaping function of the laser is completed from the optical fiber plug to the light outlet, and water cooling is completed during the shaping process, ensuring that the cladding head device meets the requirements of various high-temperature working conditions; the device can be applied to the laser cladding of the inner wall with an inner wall space diameter of ≥90mm, and the performance is relatively stable and reliable.

[0045] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser inner hole cladding head, characterized in that: The invention comprises an optical fiber plug (1), an optical fiber interface (2), an optical fiber water cooling module (3), a collimating lens module (4), a connecting flange (5), a light guide tube (7), an end structure (11), and a reflector module (12) which are detachably connected in sequence; the optical fiber plug (1) and the optical fiber interface (2) are used for connecting and fixing the optical fiber for transmitting laser light from a laser generator, and the laser light is collimated into parallel light after passing through a collimating lens group installed in the collimating lens module (4) and is transmitted to the end structure (11); a focusing lens group (19) is installed in the end structure, and the parallel light is shaped and focused by the focusing lens group (19), and then reflected by a 45° reflector in the reflector module (12) to a light exit hole of the end structure (11), and irradiated to a workpiece surface through the light exit hole; a powder delivery nozzle module (18) is also provided on one side of the light exit hole, and the powder delivery nozzle module (18) is detachably connected to one side of the end structure (11), and a powder delivery nozzle (21) thereon can deliver powder to the workpiece surface in the direction of laser emission from the light exit hole (17); The light exit hole is a conical hole detachably connected to the terminal structure (11); a protective mirror (15) is further provided on one side of the large end face of the conical hole; the outer circumference of the protective mirror (15) is installed in the terminal structure (11) via a protective mirror buckle sleeve (16); and laser light reflected by the reflector of the reflector module (12) can be irradiated from the light exit hole onto the surface of the workpiece via the protective mirror (15); A protective air pipe (10) is also connected to the terminal structure (11) between the protective mirror (15) and the light exit hole; Two groups of water cooling pipes (9) are also provided on both sides of the protective air pipe, the terminal structure (11) is provided with two groups of through holes that can respectively penetrate the two groups of water cooling pipes (9), and the reflector module (12) is also provided with a connecting hole that can connect the two groups of through holes; The reflector module (12) is made of copper, and its light-facing surface is provided with a gold-plated layer after being ground and polished; The outer periphery of the focusing lens group is installed in the laser channel of the terminal structure (11) via a focusing lens locking ring (20); The light guide tube is made of a TC4 titanium tube, and the light guide tube (7) is also threadedly connected to a light guide tube locking ring (6), the light guide tube locking ring (6) abuts against one end of the light guide tube (7) and can lock a connecting flange (5) connected to the outside of the light guide tube (7), the light guide tube diameter is less than 40 mm, and the inner wall thickness is less than 3 mm; The optical fiber water cooling module (3) and the collimating lens module (4) are both provided with an annular water cooling chamber inside.

2. A laser inner hole cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water-cooling sealing ring (14) for sealing the connecting hole and the through hole is also provided between the terminal structure (11) and the reflector module (12); a dust sealing ring (13) is also provided between the outside of the laser channel port of the terminal structure (11) and the reflector module (12).

3. A laser inner hole cladding head according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical fiber plug (1), the optical fiber interface (2), and the optical fiber water cooling module (3) are connected in sequence by threads, the optical fiber water cooling module (3), the collimating lens module (4), and the connecting flange (5) are connected by bolts, the connecting flange (5) is threadedly connected to the outside of the light guide (7), the light guide (7) is threadedly connected to the laser channel of the terminal structure (11), and the terminal structure (11) and the reflector module (12) are connected by screws, and the connection parts between the optical fiber plug (1), the optical fiber interface (2), the optical fiber water cooling module (3), the collimating lens module (4), the connecting flange (5), the light guide (7), the terminal structure (11), and the reflector module (12) are also provided with sealing rings that can be used to isolate the outside and the laser channel.

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