Cooling module for frozen soil roadbed slope

Abstract

The present invention discloses a cooling block for a frozen soil roadbed slope, which is arranged on the roadbed slope and includes a partition plate and a sunshade and heat insulation plate. Both sides of the partition plate are mounted on the roadbed slope, and a reflective layer is provided on the side of the partition plate away from the roadbed slope; the sunshade and heat insulation plate is placed outside the partition plate, and both sides of the sunshade and heat insulation plate are in contact with both sides of the partition plate, and a convection heat exchange channel with openings on both sides and closed all around is formed between the sunshade and heat insulation plate and the partition plate, and a heat preservation layer is provided inside the sunshade and heat insulation plate, and a heat sink is provided on the side of the sunshade and heat insulation plate close to the partition plate. The sunshade and heat insulation plate, the partition plate and the convection heat exchange channel form a heat insulation zone, and the partition plate, the roadbed slope and the space therebetween form a cold storage zone. The present invention achieves the purpose of efficient cooling of the frozen soil roadbed slope by multi-faceted efficient heat resistance in the upper heat resistance zone and multi-level cold storage and cooling in the lower cold storage zone.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a temperature regulating layer, in particular to a cooling block for a frozen soil roadbed slope. Background Art

[0002] Frozen soil is a kind of soil and rock with a temperature below 0℃ and containing ice. The mechanical strength of frozen soil will change greatly with the change of temperature: the lower the temperature, the greater the strength of frozen soil. When the temperature is below -1.5℃, its instantaneous compressive strength is equivalent to that of ordinary rocks; when the temperature is above -0.5℃ to 0℃, its compressive strength is equivalent to that of ordinary soil blocks, or even basically lost. Therefore, in order to ensure the smooth progress and long-term stability of major engineering construction in cold regions, scientists in cold regions have carried out systematic scientific practice on various engineering measures to control the temperature field of roadbed. Among them, roadbed slope control is one of the key contents.

[0003] At present, in order to cope with the heating effect of solar radiation on the roadbed slope, meet the basic requirements of mechanical stability and thermal stability of frozen soil roadbed, and also to solve the "yin-yang slope effect" ( The "Yin Yang Slope Effect" refers to the fact that the heat absorbed by the sunny slope of the roadbed is greater than that absorbed by the shady slope, which causes the corresponding frozen soil at the lower part of the sunny slope to always be in a faster degradation or melting process, while the shady slope remains relatively stable or in a slow degradation process. This results in differences in the degradation rate of frozen soil, roadbed strength and roadbed deformation corresponding to the shady and sunny slopes, and an effect that affects the stability of the roadbed) The threat to the stability of the roadbed mainly proposes frozen soil roadbed control measures such as sunshade roadbed, block stone (crushed stone) slope protection roadbed and hollow block slope protection. Among them, the applicant proposed a concrete hollow block for protecting the slope surface of permafrost roadbed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1707035. The hollow block slope protection measure is to sequentially stack prefabricated concrete hollow blocks of a certain thickness on the roadbed slope surface. The hollow block slope protection measure has the advantages of both sunshade roadbed and block stone (crushed stone) slope protection roadbed, and has better effects in terms of cooling and stability.

[0004] However, hollow block slope protection measures have the following disadvantages: (1) They need to be placed one by one manually at the construction site, first in rows, then in columns, and finally stacked layer by layer, which is cumbersome and inefficient. (2) Due to manual placement and stacking, it is difficult to ensure that the hollow blocks are absolutely neat and aligned. The middle hollow blocks are often misaligned, resulting in narrow or blocked air flow channels in the center of the hollow blocks, affecting the ventilation and convection heat transfer efficiency. (3) During construction, the position of the entire hollow block slope protection measure at the vent at the shoulder end is not accurately considered, and it is placed randomly based on feeling, which usually results in a small amount of air flow inside the hollow block and a slow flow process. In addition, there is usually only an air flow process from the foot of the slope to the shoulder, which leads to weak convection heat transfer. (4) Due to the slow internal air flow rate, as the heat exchange air continues to absorb heat, the air temperature increases from the foot of the roadbed slope to the top of the slope, that is, there is a large temperature difference in the overall control layer, which is not conducive to the overall control of the roadbed temperature field.

[0005] In order to solve the shortcomings of hollow block slope protection measures, the applicant further proposed a pipe-type hollow control layer for cooling the slope of frozen soil roadbed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN109706813. Through the field test study of the pipe-type hollow control layer, it was found that under the strong solar radiation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, although there is a convective heat transfer cooling mechanism in the upper layer, the temperature of the top layer will always remain at a high state under the action of solar radiation, and the inner surface of the pipe body and the lower pipe body will continue to be heated through the inner surface of the pipe body and through secondary radiation. Observation data show that under the action of solar radiation at noon, when the external surface temperature reaches 34.7°C, the internal temperature can still reach 25.5°C. Therefore, it can be seen that the sunshade of the surface layer, especially the heat resistance, is crucial to reduce the application and impact of secondary radiation. At the same time, it is also necessary to see that although this measure has a strong convective heat transfer effect inside due to the "chimney effect", the temperature of the pipe body is always difficult to drop under the condition of ambient air temperature of about 12°C. The main reason for this phenomenon is that the closer the air velocity is to the surface of the object, the lower the velocity is, and the surface air velocity is basically 0 m / s. Since the thermal conductivity of air is very low, only 0.023W / m·k, this static air layer basically plays a heat insulation role, so the heat of the tube shell is difficult to dissipate.

[0006] Although the insulation material has good heat resistance, the influence of the conduction effect of the top layer can be blocked by setting an insulation material layer on the top layer. However, under the strong radiation conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, field tests show that the thickness of the insulation material needs to be more than 10 cm to eliminate the influence of the heat transfer process of the insulation material. Under such conditions, as the thickness of the insulation material increases, its mechanical strength will continue to decrease. Under the strong wind conditions of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, its mechanical stability is difficult to meet the actual conditions on site. In the Qinghai-Tibet Railway sunshade test project, the color steel plate commonly used in construction was used. Under the strong wind conditions in winter, the color steel plate is easily damaged by the strong wind, and its mechanical stability is difficult to meet the actual project needs.

[0007] Based on the research results and existing problems of the above-mentioned engineering measures, there are still many problems in the control measures of frozen soil roadbed slope. Facing the urgent needs of the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Expressway in the permafrost area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the later maintenance of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, it is necessary to propose a new frozen soil roadbed slope cooling structure. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cooling module for the slope of frozen soil roadbed, which utilizes the principles of regulating radiation and convection to cool and store energy on the slope of frozen soil roadbed, so as to enhance the cooling efficiency, solve the technical problems existing in existing engineering measures, and resolve the important threat posed by the "yin-yang slope effect" to the stability of the roadbed.

[0009] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a cooling block for frozen soil roadbed slope, which is arranged on the roadbed slope, and includes a partition plate and a sunshade and heat insulation plate. The two sides of the partition plate are mounted on the roadbed slope, and the partition plate is provided with a reflective layer on the side away from the roadbed slope; the sunshade and heat insulation plate is placed outside the partition plate, and the two sides of the sunshade and heat insulation plate are attached to the two sides of the partition plate, and a convection heat exchange channel with openings on both sides and closed all around is formed between the sunshade and heat insulation plate and the partition plate, and an insulation layer is arranged inside the sunshade and heat insulation plate, and a heat sink is arranged on the side close to the partition plate; the partition plate and the roadbed slope and the space therebetween form a cold storage area, and the sunshade and heat insulation plate, the partition plate and the convection heat exchange channel form a heat resistance area.

[0010] In one embodiment, a water guide groove is further provided on the sunshade and heat insulation board. There are a plurality of water guide grooves which are arranged at intervals on the sunshade and heat insulation board, and the water guide grooves are connected to each other.

[0011] In one embodiment, a water collecting groove is provided between the two side edges of the sunshade and heat insulation board and the roadbed slope, and the water collecting groove is connected with the water guide groove.

[0012] In one embodiment, the bottom of the water collecting tank is serrated.

[0013] In one embodiment, an anti-skid anchor rod is further provided, and the sides of the partition plate and the sunshade and heat insulation plate are fixed to the water collecting trough, one end of the anti-skid anchor rod is fixed to the roadbed slope, and the other end of the anti-skid anchor rod is fixed to the water collecting trough to fix the cooling module to the roadbed slope.

[0014] In one embodiment, the cross-section of the sunshade and heat insulation board is a hollow trapezoid with an open bottom, and the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board is an arc-shaped structure with a high center and low sides.

[0015] In one embodiment, a plurality of cooling blocks are laid along a first direction of the roadbed slope, and the plurality of cooling blocks are connected by overlapping pieces.

[0016] In one embodiment, the lap joint is a T-shaped structure, the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board is also provided with a first slot, and the bottom surfaces of both side wings of the "T"-shaped structure of the lap joint are provided with second slots, and the first slot and the second slot engage with each other.

[0017] In one embodiment, a plurality of cooling blocks are laid along the second direction of the roadbed slope, and the plurality of cooling blocks are overlapped by tongue and groove.

[0018] In one embodiment, a damper is disposed at one or both ends of the partition plate.

[0019] In one embodiment, the two ends of the cooling block are respectively close to the top and the bottom of the roadbed slope, and the cooling block has a first vent corresponding to the top of the slope and a second vent corresponding to the bottom of the slope. The first vent is connected to the second vent to form a two-way exchange channel from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope and / or from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope, so as to accelerate the air convection heat exchange in the cooling block and thus cool the roadbed slope.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0021] 1. Differences in the structure of the structural layer

[0022] The invention belongs to a splicing structure of multiple components with different functions.

[0023] Although there are splicing structures in the prior art, they are mainly multi-layer structures formed by the repetition or repeated splicing of a single component unit. For example, the concrete hollow block for protecting the slope of permafrost roadbed proposed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN1707035 is a single structure of short hollow pipe sections that are continuously spliced ​​along the axial direction to form an air convection channel, and at the same time, a whole slope convection heat exchange control layer is formed by the parallel and stacking of multiple channels; but there are problems such as poor sealing between pipe sections, weak convection heat exchange capacity caused by air leakage, and low cooling efficiency. Another example is the pipe-type hollow control layer for cooling the slope of frozen roadbed in Chinese Patent Publication No. CN109706813, which is also a single pipe-type structure with parallel and multi-layer stacking; but there are problems such as the single component size is too large and difficult to construct on site, and the radiation heat transfer of the upper and lower layers significantly affects each other, and the overall control efficiency needs to be improved.

[0024] The present invention forms an organic whole according to the different functional requirements of different positions of the overall control structure through components of different shapes, components of different materials, and components combined with each other. It forms a combination of different functions such as outstanding heat insulation and heat resistance performance of the upper layer and significant cold storage function of the lower layer, thereby forming a control structure layer with significant overall cooling.

[0025] In the lower cold storage area, the exposed slope surface becomes one of the components of the heat exchange process of this layer. In a relatively low temperature environment, the slope surface directly participates in the convective heat exchange process for ventilation and cooling. However, the convective heat exchange in the existing technology is mainly carried out inside the concrete channel, and then the slope surface is cooled by heat conduction through the concrete pipe wall and the embankment slope surface, thereby affecting the final heat exchange efficiency and cooling effect.

[0026] The process of forming the airtightness of the convection heat exchange channel formed by the present invention is different. The present invention also pays attention to the embodiment of the airtightness of the convection channel. The airtightness of the present invention is mainly formed by the whole formed by the tongue-and-groove overlap between the blocks or the overlap of the overlap blocks.

[0027] The environmental conditions in permafrost areas are significant freeze-thaw cycles, and the resulting frost heave and thaw deformation of the slope surface further leads to the ups and downs and decline of the structures above the surface, which easily leads to the slide of the structures and has a significant impact on their stability. The serrated bottom plate provided by the present invention can effectively prevent the occurrence of such a phenomenon, and the anti-slip anchor rods provided at the same time can further enhance its stability.

[0028] 2. Differences in working processes

[0029] The atmospheric precipitation transmission process is different. The present invention effectively solves the problem of orderly transmitting atmospheric precipitation on the surface of the regulating layer to the water storage position through the designed channel. The present invention allows the precipitation channel on the surface to enter the water collection tank through the design of the water guide structure and water guide channel on the outer surface of the top layer. In this way, the atmospheric precipitation on the surface of the regulating layer directly enters the designated position. Previous measures do not have such design and effect.

[0030] The difference in the degree of participation of the slope surface in the evaporation process. The design of the exposed slope surface at the bottom of the control layer allows the water inside the embankment to evaporate and cool down directly during the bottom layer convective heat exchange process, which is also conducive to reducing the water inside the embankment and weakening the freeze-thaw effect. The direct participation of the slope surface in the convective heat exchange process also directly accelerates the cooling process of the embankment.

[0031] The wide design of the water collecting trough at the bottom of the regulating layer can store more water, which is more conducive to the heat absorption and cooling effect during the water evaporation process.

[0032] 3. Significant difference in performance

[0033] The structure of the present invention has the functions of blocking solar radiation, cooling by convection heat exchange, heat insulation and energy storage, and has a more outstanding cooling efficiency. Compared with the prior art, it is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

[0034] First, the present invention is characterized by a combination of different functions, namely, outstanding heat insulation and heat resistance performance of the upper layer and significant cold storage function of the lower layer. Among them: (1) The realization of outstanding heat insulation and heat resistance performance of the upper layer is mainly achieved by the setting of thermal insulation materials in the cement mortar composite board of the sunshade and heat insulation board, which can greatly reduce the solar radiation heat entering the heat resistance zone; the setting of heat dissipation fins inside the sunshade and heat insulation board can increase the heat dissipation and cooling process of the heat resistance zone. This design can greatly reduce the temperature increase of the top plate structure under the action of solar radiation, and effectively reduce the further thermal impact of secondary radiation on the cold storage zone. At the same time, the design of the reflective layer aluminum foil can effectively reflect the thermal impact of secondary radiation in the heat resistance zone. In addition, the thermal insulation sunshade and the partition plate are always in an open state, which further ensures the realization and enhancement of the air convection heat exchange process and the "chimney effect" inside the heat resistance zone, and further increases the heat dissipation process of the internal heat through the strong air flow process. (2) The significant realization of the cold storage function of the cold storage zone is not only based on the good heat resistance protection of the heat resistance zone, but more importantly, it is the combination of multiple functions of the cold storage zone. First, it is the convective heat transfer process under the design and control conditions of the damper, that is, the damper is opened at night to carry out the convective heat transfer process in a relatively low temperature environment; the damper is closed during the day so that the accumulated cold energy can be effectively preserved. Second, the design of the water collection tank is not only to further superimpose the cooling effect through the heat consumption of water evaporation, but also because the specific heat capacity of water is large (the specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.2kJ / (㎏·℃), which is about several times that of soil), which can accumulate more cold energy. Third, as part of the working interface, the exposed soil also allows the embankment soil to participate in the cold storage process, which indirectly increases the cold storage volume.

[0035] Secondly, the more outstanding cooling effect of the present invention is achieved by the design of the above-mentioned special structure and the overall manifestation of the functional combination of "outstanding insulation and heat resistance performance of the upper heat-resistant zone and significant cold storage function of the lower cold storage zone", as well as the combination of comprehensive functions such as evaporation heat consumption of the large-scale water collection trough at the bottom, direct participation of the exposed surface of the embankment in convective heat exchange under low temperature conditions, discharge of water from the roadbed, and reduction of freeze-thaw effects.

[0036] 4. Differences in construction process and project quality assurance

[0037] The present invention adopts the method of prefabricating components in the factory and splicing them on site to ensure the quality of the project. The prefabricated parts in the factory can ensure the quality of each component, and the on-site assembly can use mechanical construction to increase the construction efficiency and reduce the quality problems of the project caused by human operation during construction. In addition, the prefabricated parts in the factory of this measure are basically sheet structures, which are convenient for transportation and reduce transportation costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 The present invention is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a cooling block for cooling a frozen soil roadbed slope according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 The cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of a cooling module for cooling a frozen soil roadbed slope surface according to the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sunshade and heat insulation board in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross section of a partition plate in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the cross section of a lap joint in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of a cross-section of a support member in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the cross section of a water collecting tank in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 It is a schematic longitudinal section diagram of a water collecting tank in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-slip anchor rod in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of tongue-and-groove overlap in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] Wherein, the reference numerals are:

[0049] Roadbed 1

[0050] Roadbed slope 2

[0051] Sunshade insulation board 3

[0052] Divider 4

[0053] Lap 5

[0054] Heat sink 6

[0055] The damper 7 in the closed state

[0056] Open damper 8

[0057] Support 9

[0058] Polysink 10

[0059] Anti-slip anchor 11

[0060] Insulation layer 12

[0061] First card slot 13

[0062] Water channel 14

[0063] Reflective layer 15

[0064] Support plate 16

[0065] Support reserved hole 17

[0066] Poly sink reserved hole 18

[0067] Bottom plate 19

[0068] Metal rod 20

[0069] Glass fiber reinforced plastic casing 21

[0070] Barb 22

[0071] First direction P1

[0072] Second direction P2 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The detailed contents and technical description of the present invention are further described with reference to preferred embodiments, but they should not be construed as limitations on the implementation of the present invention.

[0074] like Figure 1 The figure shows a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of a cooling block for a frozen soil roadbed slope of the present invention. The cooling block for a frozen soil roadbed slope of the present invention is used to reduce the temperature of the roadbed slope 2, thereby ensuring the stability of the frozen soil roadbed 1 and extending the service life of the highway or railway. The present invention has no special restrictions on the selection of the roadbed 1, and ordinary height roadbeds or high fill roadbeds can meet the use requirements. In order to ensure that the cooling blocks are tightly connected, the roadbed slope 2 should not have large fluctuations. During use, the user can level the roadbed slope 2 before setting the cooling block according to the actual situation of the roadbed slope 2 to meet the use requirements.

[0075] Please continue to refer to Figure 1 The cooling block for frozen soil roadbed slope of the present invention is a composite air conditioning structure, and the cooling block includes a sunshade and heat insulation board 3 and a partition board 4. The two sides of the partition board 4 are erected on the roadbed slope 2, and the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is placed outside the partition board 4, and the two sides of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 are in contact with the two sides of the partition board 4. A convection heat exchange channel with openings on both sides and closed all around is formed between the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 and the partition board 4. The partition board 4 and the roadbed slope 2 and the space therebetween form a cold storage area, and the sunshade and heat insulation board 3, the partition board 4 and the convection heat exchange channel form a heat resistance area.

[0076] Please also refer to Figure 1 and Figure 3 , Figure 3It is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sunshade and heat insulation board in one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the cross-section of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is a trapezoid that is hollow and open at the bottom. The trapezoidal design of the cross-section of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 can increase the stability of the cooling block as a whole, while facilitating the transportation process. Of course, in other embodiments, the cross-section of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 can also be designed to be other shapes, such as semicircle, arc, square, rectangle, etc., and these shapes do not affect the function of the cooling block of the present invention. The height of the heat-resistant zone formed between the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 and the partition plate 4 is preferably 5 cm to 30 cm.

[0077] Preferably, the length of the cooling block is 100 cm to 300 cm, the width of the trapezoidal top is 30 cm to 60 cm, the width of the trapezoidal bottom opening is 110 cm to 360 cm, and the height of the cold storage area is 5 cm to 15 cm.

[0078] The sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is preferably made of cement mortar material, and a heat insulation layer 12 is also provided inside the top of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3, and a heat sink 6 is provided on the side of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 close to the partition plate 4. Preferably, the thickness of the top of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is 5 cm to 10 cm, wherein the thickness of the heat insulation layer 12 is 2 cm to 6 cm, the thickness of the cement mortar at the top of the heat insulation layer 12 is 1.5 cm to 3 cm, the thickness of the cement mortar at the bottom of the heat insulation layer 12 is 0.5 cm to 2 cm, and the height of the heat sink 6 is 5 cm to 8 cm. The overall sunshade and heat insulation board 3 has good heat-resistance and scattering functions. The sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is in direct contact with the external environment and can block the sun and environmental radiation. The internal thermal insulation layer 12 effectively prevents the radiation and heat absorbed by the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 from being transferred to the interior of the cooling block, thereby avoiding the increase in the internal temperature of the cooling block. At the same time, the design of the thermal insulation layer 12 arranged inside the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 also protects the thermal insulation layer 12 from being damaged by the harsh environment of the plateau; the heat sink 6 can effectively increase the heat dissipation intensity in the heat-resistance zone, ensure the rapid release of heat flow during the air convection heat exchange process in the heat-resistance zone, thereby further reducing the internal temperature of the top cooling block and reducing the thermal interference of secondary radiation on the cold storage layer.

[0079] Please continue to refer to Figure 3 The sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is provided with a water guide groove 14, and the number of the water guide grooves 14 is multiple, and the water guide grooves 14 are arranged at intervals on the top surface and both sides of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3, and the water guide grooves 14 are connected. Preferably, the spacing between the water guide grooves 14 is 5 cm to 10 cm, and the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is an arc-shaped structure with a high center and low sides. When it rains, the rainfall flows from the water guide grooves 14 on the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3, through the water guide grooves 14 on the side of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3, to the two sides of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3.

[0080] Please also refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 , Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross section of the partition plate in one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the cross section of the partition plate 4 is a trapezoid that is hollow and open at the bottom. The trapezoidal design of the cross section of the partition plate 4 can increase the overall stability of the cooling block while facilitating the transportation process. Of course, in other embodiments, the cross section of the partition plate 4 can also be designed to be other shapes, such as semicircle, arc, square, rectangle, etc., and these shapes do not affect the function of the cooling block of the present invention. A cold storage area is formed between the partition plate 4 and the exposed roadbed slope 2, and the partition plate 4 layers the cooling block to form an efficient heat-resistant and cold-storage structure.

[0081] The partition plate 4 is composed of a support plate 16, and a reflective layer 15 is provided on the side away from the roadbed slope 2. The material of the support plate 16 is not particularly limited in the present invention, and can be selected from thin-walled cement mortar materials or lightweight polymer materials. The reflective layer 15 can reflect the secondary radiation heat of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3, preventing the secondary radiation heat from entering the cold storage layer, affecting the temperature of the cold storage layer, and further affecting the internal structure of the roadbed 1. The material of the reflective layer 15 can be selected from metal, glass, etc., preferably high-gloss, high-emissivity aluminum foil.

[0082] Please also refer to Figure 1 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 , Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a water collecting tank in one embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the water collecting tank in one embodiment of the present invention. A water collecting tank 10 is also provided between the side of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 and the roadbed slope 2. The side of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is provided in the water collecting tank 10. The water collecting tank 10 has a bottom plate 19. Figure 7 As shown, the cross section of the bottom plate 19 is in the shape of a groove. When it rains, the rain flows to the two sides of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 through the water guide groove 14. The precipitation flows out from the two sides of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 and then gathers in the water guide groove 14. Figure 8 As shown, the longitudinal section of the bottom plate 19 is serrated, and the serrated bottom plate 19 is embedded in the roadbed slope 2 to form a large resistance, thereby ensuring the overall stability of the cooling block. Preferably, the material of the bottom plate 19 is cement mortar, and the groove height of the bottom plate 19 is 2 cm to 6 cm.

[0083] When there is less precipitation, the precipitation is stored in the serrated bottom plate 19 and will not flow out of the cold storage layer down the slope. When there is more precipitation, the precipitation can flow out of the cooling block down the slope through the water collecting trough 10. As a result, it will not flow into the inside of the roadbed 1, avoiding the damage of the roadbed 1 by the precipitation, and effectively solving the problem that most of the moisture on the railway gravel road surface infiltrates through the inside of the roadbed 1 and is difficult to collect water into the aquifer through the road surface. Since the serrated bottom plate 19 is distributed at intervals, the precipitation can be distributed more evenly in the water collecting trough 10, which is conducive to the evaporation of moisture. The precipitation in the water collecting trough 10 evaporates and absorbs heat when the air flows in the cold storage layer, causing the heat of the roadbed 1 to be further dissipated. At the same time, because water has a large specific heat, when the outside temperature rises rapidly, the cold storage area in the cooling block heats up slowly, which improves the resistance of the cooling block to the outside temperature rise, thereby achieving the purpose of storing "cold energy".

[0084] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 6 , Figure 2 1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an embodiment of a cooling block for cooling a frozen soil roadbed slope surface according to the present invention. Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the cross section of a support member in one embodiment of the present invention. A support member 9 is also provided on the water collecting trough 10, and the number of the support members 9 is preferably multiple, and the support members 9 are arranged at intervals along the water collecting trough 10. The bottom of the support member 9 is tightly connected to the bottom of the water collecting trough 10, and a groove is provided on the upper part of the support member 9. Preferably, the height of the support member 9 is 6 cm to 12 cm, the width is 5 cm to 10 cm, the length is 8 cm to 20 cm, and the depth of the groove is 1 cm to 2 cm.

[0085] Please refer to Fig. 9 , Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of an anti-slip anchor rod in an embodiment of the present invention. An anti-slip anchor rod 11 is also provided on the roadbed slope 2. In this embodiment, the anti-slip anchor rod 11 includes a metal rod 20, a glass fiber reinforced plastic casing 21 and a barb 22. Preferably, the diameter of the anti-slip anchor rod 11 is 1 cm to 3 cm, and the length is 50 cm to 100 cm.

[0086] In addition, the support member 9 is also provided with a support member reserved hole 17, and the water collecting tank 10 is also provided with a water collecting tank reserved hole 18. The support member reserved hole 17 and the water collecting tank reserved hole 18 are used to fix the anti-slip anchor rod 11. The hole diameters of the support member reserved hole 17 and the water collecting tank reserved hole 18 can be determined according to the anti-slip anchor rod 11 used. Figure 6 As shown, the support member reserved hole 17 has two apertures, the aperture on the side away from the roadbed slope 2 is larger, and the aperture on the side close to the roadbed slope 2 is smaller, and the height of the larger aperture is preferably 3 cm to 5 cm.

[0087] In actual use, in order to adapt to different lengths and widths of the roadbed slope 2, multiple cooling blocks are often required to be spliced ​​for use. The two ends of the multiple spliced ​​cooling blocks are respectively close to the top and bottom of the roadbed slope, and the cooling block has a first vent corresponding to the top of the slope and a second vent corresponding to the bottom of the slope. The first vent is connected to the second vent to form a two-way exchange channel from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope and / or from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope, so as to accelerate the air convection heat exchange in the cooling block and thus cool the roadbed slope.

[0088] In order to ensure the airtightness and stability between the cooling blocks, different splicing methods are used for splicing the cooling blocks in the first direction P1 and the second direction P2. Figure 1 As shown, the first direction P1 is the lateral direction along the roadbed slope 2 , and the cooling blocks are arranged in parallel, and the second direction P2 is the along-slope direction along the roadbed slope 2 .

[0089] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 , Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a lap joint in one embodiment of the present invention. Multiple cooling blocks are laid in parallel along the first direction P1 of the roadbed slope 2. Since the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is a trapezoidal structure, a wedge-shaped gap is formed between the multiple cooling blocks, and the multiple cooling blocks are connected by lap joints. The lap joint 5 is a "T"-shaped structure. The top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is also provided with a first card groove 13. The length of the "T"-shaped structure is the same as the thickness of the top of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 including the insulation layer 12, and the bottom surface of the two sides of the "T"-shaped structure of the lap joint 5 is provided with a second card groove. The second card groove can be engaged with the first card groove 13 on the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3, so as to be sealed. The top surface of the "T"-shaped structure of the lap joint 5 is an arc with a high center and low sides. Therefore, in rainy weather, precipitation can flow through the arc-shaped top surface to the water guide trough 14 on the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3. Since the first groove 13 on the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 is arranged by a raised structure, the second grooves on both side wings of the “T”-shaped structure of the lap joint 5 will not affect the flow of precipitation in the water guide trough 14 .

[0090] Please refer to Fig.10 , Fig.10 The schematic diagram of the tongue-and-groove overlap in one embodiment of the present invention is shown. When multiple cooling modules are laid along the second direction P2 of the roadbed slope 2, the multiple cooling modules are spliced ​​by tongue-and-groove overlap, thereby ensuring the sealing of the side wall of the bidirectional commutation channel and preventing the side wall of the bidirectional commutation channel from leaking.

[0091] Please refer to Figure 1, a damper is provided at one or both ends of the partition plate 4, preferably a self-controlled temperature damper, which includes a temperature sensing unit and a control unit. The self-controlled temperature damper can control the switch according to the temperature difference between the inside and outside. When the outside temperature is low, the damper is in an open state, and when the outside temperature is high, the damper is in a closed state. The damper of the partition plate 4 is set by opening at night (such as the damper 8 in the open state) and closing during the day (such as the damper 7 in the closed state). The damper is opened at night to perform the forced convection heat exchange process in the cold storage area, and the damper is closed during the day to stop the convection heat exchange process. At the same time, combined with natural conditions such as the large temperature difference in the permafrost area of ​​the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the "cold energy" at night can be effectively stored in the cold storage area. And through the evaporation of the water collecting tank 10 under the air flow conditions at night and the ice-water phase change endothermic process during the day, the temperature of the cold storage area is further reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting the roadbed 1.

[0092] In the present invention, after a single or multiple cooling blocks are spliced, the upper port thereof is located on the shoulder and is higher than the shoulder position (such as Figure 2 As shown), the upper port can effectively intercept and guide the air in the reverse wind field with relatively high flow rate, thereby realizing "two-way convection heat exchange" and greatly improving the cooling efficiency. The principle and effect of this part can be specifically referred to the applicant's aforementioned application: Chinese Patent Publication No. CN109706813 A pipe-type hollow control layer for cooling the slope of frozen soil roadbed.

[0093] When installing the cooling module, first insert the anti-skid anchor rod 11 into the slope 50 cm to 100 cm in a direction perpendicular to the roadbed slope 2 to prevent the cooling module from sliding down along the roadbed slope 2 due to gravity. The top of the anti-skid anchor rod 11 with a reserved length outside the roadbed slope 2 should be in the groove of the support 9; the anti-skid anchor rod 11 passes through the reserved hole 17 of the support and the reserved hole 18 of the water collection tank in turn, and finally the partition plate 4 and the sunshade and heat insulation board 3 are fixed in the groove of the support 9 in turn, so as to achieve stable fixing of the cooling module on the roadbed slope 2; the lap joint 5 is fixed between multiple cooling modules laid in parallel along the first direction P1 to ensure overall sealing; finally, the self-control temperature damper is installed. After the components are installed on the roadbed slope 2, a multi-level, multifunctional cooling block is formed. The different components are combined in an orderly manner, so that the cooling block of the present invention has the comprehensive effects of blocking solar radiation, convective heat exchange and cooling, and cold storage in the process of temperature control of the roadbed slope 2.

[0094] The main function of the heat-blocking zone is to block solar radiation and efficiently conduct convection heat exchange to prevent heat from entering the roadbed. The two ports of the heat-blocking zone are connected to the outside atmosphere, and the radiant heat reflected by the top of the sunshade and heat insulation board and the reflective layer is promptly transferred to the environment through the convection heat exchange between the inside and the outside. At the same time, the partition plate and the roadbed slope constitute a cold storage zone, and a water collection tank is installed inside to cool and store cold on the roadbed slope by controlling convection heat exchange and evaporation heat absorption. One end or two ports of the cold storage zone are connected to the outside atmosphere through the control damper. When the outside temperature is low, the self-controlled temperature damper is in the open state, and forced convection heat exchange occurs in the cold storage zone, and the roadbed slope is cooled by low-temperature air. When the outside temperature is high, the self-controlled temperature damper is closed, and the cold storage zone does not conduct convection heat exchange with the outside air, thereby effectively preventing the outside heat from entering the roadbed. At the same time, since the thermal conductivity of static air is very small (only 0.023W / m·k), it further plays a role in heat insulation and heat preservation, which makes it difficult for the outside heat to enter the roadbed through heat conduction.

[0095] Of course, the present invention may have many other embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, technicians familiar with the field can make various corresponding changes and modifications based on the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A cooling module for frozen soil roadbed slope, characterized in that: The cooling block is arranged on the roadbed slope, and the cooling block comprises: A partition plate, both sides of which are mounted on the roadbed slope, and a reflective layer is provided on a side of the partition plate away from the roadbed slope; and A sunshade and heat insulation board is placed outside the partition board, and the two side edges of the sunshade and heat insulation board are in contact with the two side edges of the partition board, a convection heat exchange channel with openings on both sides and closed all around is formed between the sunshade and heat insulation board and the partition board, an insulation layer is provided inside the sunshade and heat insulation board, and a heat sink is provided on the side of the sunshade and heat insulation board close to the partition board, and a water guide groove is also provided on the sunshade and heat insulation board, and the number of the water guide grooves is plural, and they are arranged at intervals on the sunshade and heat insulation board, and the water guide grooves are connected to each other; The partition plate, the roadbed slope and the space therebetween form a cold storage area, and the sunshade and heat insulation board, the partition plate and the convection heat exchange channel form a heat resistance area.

2. The cooling block according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water collecting groove is also provided between the two side edges of the sunshade and heat insulation board and the roadbed slope surface, and the water collecting groove is communicated with the water guide groove.

3. The cooling block according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the water collecting tank is in a sawtooth shape.

4. The cooling block according to claim 2, characterized in that: An anti-skid anchor rod is also provided. The side edges of the partition plate and the sunshade and heat insulation plate are fixed to the water collecting trough. One end of the anti-skid anchor rod is fixed to the roadbed slope, and the other end of the anti-skid anchor rod is fixed to the water collecting trough to fix the cooling block to the roadbed slope.

5. The cooling block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross section of the sunshade and heat insulation board is a trapezoid with a hollow center and an open bottom, and the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board is an arc-shaped structure with a high center and low sides.

6. The cooling block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of cooling blocks are laid along the first direction of the roadbed slope, and the plurality of cooling blocks are connected by overlapping pieces.

7. The cooling block according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lap joint is a T-shaped structure, and the top surface of the sunshade and heat insulation board is also provided with a first card slot. The bottom surfaces of both side wings of the "T"-shaped structure of the lap joint are provided with second card slots, and the first card slot and the second card slot are engaged with each other.

8. The cooling block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of cooling blocks are laid along the second direction of the roadbed slope, and the plurality of cooling blocks are overlapped by tongue and groove.

9. The cooling block according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end or both ends of the partition plate are provided with air doors.

10. The cooling block according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the cooling block are respectively close to the top and the bottom of the roadbed slope. The cooling block has a first vent corresponding to the top of the slope and a second vent corresponding to the bottom of the slope. The first vent is connected to the second vent to form a two-way exchange channel from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope and / or from the bottom of the slope to the top of the slope, so as to accelerate the air convection heat exchange in the cooling block and thus cool the roadbed slope.

Images