Pretreatment System for Solid Inorganic Hazardous Waste

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the field of solid hazardous waste treatment, and specifically discloses a pretreatment system for solid inorganic hazardous waste, including a vertical warehouse, a raw material temporary storage yard, a pre-sorting line and a crushing line. The raw material temporary storage yard, the pre-sorting line and the crushing line are sequentially distributed along one side of the vertical warehouse. The pre-sorting line includes a pre-sorting chamber body, and an artificial sorting operation table and a pre-sorting crusher are arranged in the pre-sorting chamber body. The crushing line includes a tipping loader, a vibrating feeder, a glass crusher, a draining screw conveyor and a vibrating screen machine which are connected in sequence from top to bottom. The upper part of the crushing line is connected to the upper layer of the vertical warehouse through an upper layer roller path line, and the lower part of the crushing line is connected to the lower layer of the vertical warehouse through an upper layer roller path line. The present invention separates the waste liquid in the glass bottle and the broken glass bottle, and can also separate the bottle cap from the glass, so that the indexes such as the impurity rate and the moisture content of the treated hazardous waste meet the requirements for the raw materials entering the kiln for firing cement in a cement kiln, and the quality of the fired cement is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of solid hazardous waste treatment, and particularly to a pretreatment system for solid inorganic hazardous waste. Background Art

[0002] At present, the current disposal methods of hazardous waste (hereinafter referred to as hazardous waste) in China are mainly to build incinerators and landfills for incineration and landfill. However, these disposal methods are all faced with problems such as high disposal costs, large leakage risks, and difficult land acquisition. Co-disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns is a new hazardous waste disposal technology, which reuses some hazardous waste that could only be incinerated and landfilled in the past, achieving both resource utilization and cost savings in disposal.

[0003] The RDM production line (also known as the solid raw material production line) secondary-crushes various solid and hard inorganic substances, removes impurities therein, and finally obtains a solid product that meets the requirements for adding to the raw material mill of the cement kiln. The raw materials are mainly pharmaceutical glass bottles. Traditional solid hazardous waste treatment is relatively rough. Usually, the glass bottles are directly crushed and then directly used as cement raw materials for incineration in the kiln. However, in this direct incineration method, since some glass bottles still contain waste liquid, and the glass bottles have aluminum or rubber caps, the overall properties of the hazardous waste incinerated in the kiln are uneven, making the impurity rate, moisture content, and heavy metal content of the overall cement raw materials uncontrollable, resulting in poor quality of the cement raw materials and seriously affecting the quality of the cement after firing; moreover, due to the complex nature of the waste liquid, it not only has problems of explosion and flammability itself, but also different waste liquids are prone to react with each other to generate flammable gases, posing a safety hazard of explosion. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a pretreatment system for solid inorganic hazardous waste, realizing the refinement of solid inorganic hazardous waste treatment, making the impurity rate, moisture content and other indicators of the treated hazardous waste meet the requirements for adding to the raw material of the cement kiln for firing, ensuring the quality of the fired cement, and ensuring the safety during the firing process.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A pretreatment system for solid inorganic hazardous waste includes a vertical warehouse, a raw material temporary storage yard, a pre-selection line and a crushing line. The raw material temporary storage yard, the pre-selection line and the crushing line are sequentially distributed along one side of the vertical warehouse; the pre-selection line includes a pre-selection chamber body, and an artificial sorting operation table and a pre-selection crusher are arranged in the pre-selection chamber body; the crushing line includes a flipping loader, a vibrating feeder, a glass crusher, a draining screw conveyor and a vibrating screen that are connected in sequence from top to bottom. The upper part of the crushing line is connected to the upper layer of the vertical warehouse through an upper roller path line, and the lower part of the crushing line is connected to the lower layer of the vertical warehouse through an upper roller path line. The impurity rate of the treated solid inorganic hazardous waste is ≤5%, and the moisture content is ≤5%.

[0007] The principle of this solution is as follows:

[0008] The pre-sorting line is used for manual pre-sorting of glass bottles. The pre-sorting operation is carried out on the manual sorting workbench. The main purpose of pre-sorting is to pour out the waste liquid in the glass bottles, avoiding the overflow of waste liquid during subsequent crushing, which may cause crystallization or chemical reactions leading to explosion, and also avoiding the potential safety hazard of flammable gas generated by the reaction between waste liquids. Moreover, after the separated waste liquid undergoes risk assessment, it can be fed into the liquid hazardous waste treatment line for centralized treatment, realizing the collaborative utilization of different hazardous waste treatment lines. For glass bottles with caps that can be opened, the waste liquid in the glass bottles can be directly poured out. For expired vial and powder vials with caps that cannot be opened, a pre-sorting crusher is used to break them, causing the waste liquid in the glass bottles to overflow.

[0009] Manual pre-sorting is adopted for two reasons. On the one hand, the incoming solid inorganic hazardous waste is relatively complex, making it difficult to use a fully automated method for pre-sorting. On the other hand, the incoming material volume of the RDM production line is relatively small, and the production line utilization rate is relatively low. Using fully automated pre-sorting equipment would involve a relatively large cost investment. Therefore, manual pre-sorting is also used to control the budget.

[0010] The pre-sorted glass bottles enter the vertical warehouse through the lower roller conveyor line, are conveyed upward by the vertical warehouse conveyor, and then conveyed to the crushing line through the upper roller conveyor line for crushing. The glass bottles to be crushed pass through the tilting loader, vibrating feeder, crusher, draining screw conveyor, and vibrating screen in sequence from top to bottom. After the glass bottles are crushed by the crusher, the waste liquid in some glass bottles flows out. The draining screw conveyor is used to separate the crushed glass from the waste liquid. The crushed glass bottles and caps enter the vibrating screen to separate the crushed glass bottles from the caps.

[0011] Adopting this solution can achieve the following technical effects:

[0012] The moisture content and impurity rate of the treated hazardous waste can be controlled within a certain range, avoiding the problems of frequent adjustment of the kiln conditions due to excessive moisture content and excessive energy consumption, and at the same time avoiding the excessive impurity rate from affecting the grindability of the cement produced by firing. Since metal bottle caps, etc. are removed during the impurity removal process, it also avoids the heavy metal in the cement raw materials exceeding the standard and affecting the initial setting effect of the cement, ensuring the quality of the cement after firing from the aspect of the raw materials burned in the cement kiln. The separated solid impurities such as bottle caps can be co-processed with the solid hazardous waste production line, realizing the cross-connection and utilization between different production lines. In addition, this technical solution avoids the problem of explosion during the treatment process by treating the waste liquid, and can ensure the safety of the cement kiln firing to the greatest extent. Moreover, due to the stable kiln conditions of this technical solution, there is no need to frequently adjust the kiln conditions, which can improve the efficiency of the cement kiln disposal. After the hazardous waste in this technical solution is treated, since it can become a product with uniform properties that can be used as cement raw materials, it enables co-firing utilization with multiple cement kilns simultaneously.

[0013] Further, a bottle washing pool is provided on the manual sorting operation table. A waste water collection bucket is connected below the bottle washing pool, and a waste liquid collection bucket is provided outside the manual sorting operation table. After the worker opens the bottle cap of the glass bottle, the waste liquid in the glass bottle is poured into the waste liquid collection bucket. After the glass bottle is washed in the bottle washing pool, the waste liquid in the glass bottle can be washed clean, avoiding chemical reactions of the waste liquid.

[0014] Further, a collection box is provided below the discharge end of the glass crusher, and a hanging basket is provided inside the collection box. By adding water to the pre-selection crusher, the glass bottles in the pre-selection crusher are in a state of liquid flow, and the water plays a role in diluting the waste liquid, thus avoiding the explosion caused by the reaction of the waste liquid during subsequent crushing.

[0015] Further, a air supply device for sending fresh air into the pre-selection chamber body is provided at the top of the pre-selection chamber body, and an air extraction device is provided at the bottom of the pre-selection chamber body, and a negative pressure is formed inside the pre-selection chamber body. During the sorting and pouring process, the waste liquid in the glass bottle may have properties such as flammability, volatility, and toxicity. The air supply device and the air extraction device can discharge the toxic substances outside the pre-selection chamber body.

[0016] Further, a PVC magnetic hanging curtain is provided at the entrance of the pre-selection chamber body. The PVC magnetic hanging curtain can prevent the leakage of odor gas from the pre-selection chamber body.

[0017] Further, an electric single-girder suspension crane for transporting raw materials is provided at the top of the pre-selection chamber body. The electric single-girder suspension crane is used to transport the glass bottle raw materials to the manual sorting operation table inside the pre-selection chamber body, facilitating the worker to perform pre-selection operations on the glass bottles.

[0018] Furthermore, an explosion-proof combustion temperature sensor detection device is installed above the feed bin of the glass crusher. When an explosion occurs in the crusher bin, the explosion-proof combustion temperature sensor detection device alarms, which is associated with the shutdown of the crusher, playing a role in protecting the safety of the crusher.

[0019] Furthermore, the glass crusher is a two-stage crusher. The two-stage crusher can achieve the complete crushing of glass bottles and meet the size requirements after the crushing of glass bottles.

[0020] Furthermore, both the two-stage crusher and the pre-selection crusher are hammer crushers. The main reason for using a hammer crusher is that the raw material to be crushed is mainly glass bottles, and the bottle caps of glass bottles are usually made of aluminum caps or rubber caps. If a shear crusher is used, the bottle caps will also be crushed, and the bottle caps and the glass bottle bodies cannot be separated subsequently. However, the hammer crusher will not crush aluminum and rubber materials, thus facilitating the subsequent screening of glass bottles and bottle caps.

[0021] Furthermore, the crushing line is a vertical four-layer structure. The top layer is the tipping machine chamber body. The tipping loader is located inside the tipping machine chamber body. An exhaust device is provided at the top of the tipping machine chamber body, and a magnetic curtain is also provided at the entrance of the tipping machine chamber body. The purpose of setting the exhaust device and the magnetic curtain in the tipping machine chamber body is also to prevent the leakage of odor gas inside the tipping machine chamber body. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 is a top view of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is Figure 1 the sectional view taken along line A-A in

[0024] Figure 3 is Figure 1 the view in the direction of B in

[0025] Figure 4 is Figure 1 the enlarged view of the pre-selection line in DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0026] The following is a further detailed description through specific embodiments:

[0027] The reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: automated storage warehouse 100, raw material temporary storage yard 200, pre-sorting line 300, crushing line 400, upper-level roller conveyor line 1, tipping loader 2, lower-level roller conveyor line 3, tipping machine chamber body 4, storage bin 5, exhaust device 6, vibrating screen 7, flexible connection 12, vibrating feeder 13, temperature sensor 14, primary crusher 15, material channel 16, secondary crusher 17, draining screw conveyor 18, electric single-girder suspension crane 20, air supply device 201, pre-sorting chamber body 21, manual sorting operation table 210, glass bottle collection bucket 211, cap and packaging collection bucket 212, waste liquid collection bucket 213, pre-sorting crusher 214, bottle washing pool 215, waste water collection bucket 216, collection box 217.

[0028] As Figure 1 shown, the pretreatment system for solid inorganic hazardous waste in this embodiment includes an automated storage warehouse 100, a raw material temporary storage yard 200, a pre-sorting line 300, and a crushing line 400. The raw material temporary storage yard 200, the pre-sorting line 300, and the crushing line 400 are sequentially arranged along one side of the automated storage warehouse 100.

[0029] The raw material temporary storage yard 200 is used to store the incoming solid inorganic hazardous waste (usually medical glass bottles), and the incoming solid inorganic hazardous waste is usually packaged in ton bags.

[0030] The pre-sorting line 300 is used for manual pre-sorting of the incoming solid inorganic hazardous waste. The structure of the pre-sorting line 300 is as Figure 3 and Figure 4 shown, and it includes a pre-sorting chamber body 21. The pre-sorting chamber body 21 has an upper and a lower layer structure. An upper layer is provided with a manual sorting operation table 210. In the middle of the manual sorting operation table 210, there is a bottle washing pool 215. The bottom of the bottle washing pool 215 extends into the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21. In the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, there is a waste water collection bucket 216 for collecting the waste water flowing down from the bottle washing pool 215.

[0031] An entrance is opened on the side of the pre-sorting chamber body 21. At the top of the entrance, there is a PVC magnetic curtain, which can prevent the odor gas in the pre-sorting chamber body 21 from leaking out. At the top of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, there is an electric single-girder suspension crane 20 for transporting raw materials. The incoming solid inorganic hazardous waste in the raw material temporary storage yard 200 is transported into the pre-sorting chamber body 21 by a forklift, and the raw materials are transported to the manual sorting operation table 210 by the electric single-girder suspension crane 20 at the top of the pre-sorting chamber body 21 for manual sorting.

[0032] On both sides of the manual sorting operation table 210, there are waste liquid collection buckets 213, glass bottle collection buckets 211, and bottle cap and packaging collection buckets 212. For glass bottles with caps that can be opened, workers directly open the caps of the glass bottles, put the caps and packaging into the bottle cap and packaging collection bucket 212, then pour out the waste liquid in the glass bottles. One or several glass bottles are simultaneously washed by the faucet in the bottle washing pool 215, and then the glass bottles are put into the glass bottle collection bucket 211 (container). If the glass bottles are too large, workers break them on the container and then put them into the container, ensuring that the size of the glass bottles in the container is less than 250 mm.

[0033] Outside the manual sorting operation table 210, there is also a pre-sorting crusher 214. The pre-sorting crusher 214 uses a hammer crusher. The discharge port of the pre-sorting crusher 214 extends into the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21. In the lower layer of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, there is also a collection box 217, and there is a hanging basket in the collection box 217. For expired small medicine bottles of injections and powders that cannot open the caps, they are put into the pre-sorting crusher 214 for crushing, and water is added to the pre-sorting crusher 214 at the same time. The glass bottles in the pre-sorting crusher 214 are in a state of liquid flow. The crushed glass slag enters the hanging basket, and the water plays a role in diluting the waste liquid. Then the hanging basket is fished out, and the glass slag in the hanging basket is put into the container.

[0034] At the top of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, there is a air supply device 201 for sending fresh air into the pre-sorting chamber body 21. At the bottom of the pre-sorting chamber body 21, there is an exhaust device 6, and a negative pressure is formed in the pre-sorting chamber body 21. During the sorting and liquid pouring processes, the waste liquid in the glass bottles may be flammable, volatile, toxic, etc. Through the air supply device 201 and the exhaust device 6, the toxic substances can be discharged outside the pre-sorting chamber body 21.

[0035] Such as Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the crushing line 400 is a vertical four-layer structure, including a tipping loader 2, a storage bin 5, a flexible connection 12, a vibrating feeder 13, a primary crusher 15, a chute 16, a secondary crusher 17, a draining screw conveyor 18, and a vibrating screen 7 that are connected in sequence from top to bottom.

[0036] The upper part of the crushing line 400 is connected to the upper layer of the vertical warehouse 100 through the upper roller conveyor line 1, and the lower part of the crushing line 400 is connected to the lower layer of the vertical warehouse 100 through the upper roller conveyor line 1. Both the primary crusher 15 and the secondary crusher 17 are hammer crushers. A temperature sensor 14 is installed above the feed bin 5 of the primary crusher 15. When an explosion occurs in the crusher bin, it plays an alarm role, associated with the shutdown of the primary crusher 15 and the secondary crusher 17, and plays a safety protection role for the crusher.

[0037] The top layer of the crushing line 400 is the tipping machine chamber body 4. The tipping and loading machine 2 is located inside the tipping machine chamber body 4. An air extraction device 6 is also provided at the top of the tipping machine chamber body 4, and a magnetic curtain is provided at the entrance of the tipping machine chamber body 4. The purpose of setting the air extraction device 6 and the magnetic curtain in the tipping machine chamber body 4 is also to prevent the odor gas in the tipping machine chamber body 4 from leaking out.

[0038] After pre-sorting, the glass bottles are placed in containers. The containers are transported to the lower roller conveyor line 3 of the crushing line 400 by a forklift, and then horizontally transported to the lower layer of the vertical warehouse 100 through the lower roller conveyor line 3. The vertical warehouse conveyor in the vertical warehouse 100 transports the containers upward, and then transports them to the crushing line 400 through the upper roller conveyor line 1 of the crushing line 400 to crush the glass bottles. The glass bottles to be crushed pass through the tipping and loading machine 2, the storage bin 5, the flexible connection 12, the vibrating feeder 13, the primary crusher 15, the material channel 16, the secondary crusher 17, the draining screw conveyor 18 and the vibrating screen 7 from top to bottom in sequence. The primary crusher 15 and the secondary crusher 17 crush the glass bottles into glass slag with a size of less than 8 mm. The residual waste liquid and waste water in some glass bottles flow out. The draining screw conveyor 18 separates the crushed glass from the waste liquid. The crushed glass bottles and the bottle caps enter the vibrating screen 7 to separate the crushed glass bottles from the bottle caps.

[0039] The present invention separates the waste liquid in the glass bottles from the crushed glass bottle materials, and can also separate the bottle caps from the glass, realizing the refinement of glass bottle crushing. The particle size of the treated hazardous waste products is ≤8 mm, the impurity rate is ≤5%, and the moisture content is ≤5%. The overall performance is uniform and stable. When feeding into the kiln for firing, it is not necessary to frequently adjust the kiln conditions, ensuring the quality of the crushed raw materials and the safety and stability of the kiln conditions during the firing process of the cement kiln. Moreover, it can ensure that the emissions of the cement kiln meet the environmental health standards.

[0040] The above are only embodiments of the present invention. Common general knowledge such as specific structures and characteristics in the solutions is not described in detail here. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several deformations and improvements can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the implementation effect of the present invention and the practicality of the patent. The protection scope required by this application should be based on the content of its claims, and the specific implementation manners in the specification and the like can be used to explain the content of the claims.

Claims

1. A pretreatment system for solid inorganic hazardous waste, characterized in that: It includes an automated warehouse, a raw material temporary storage yard, a pre-selection line, and a crushing line. The raw material temporary storage yard, the pre-selection line, and the crushing line are sequentially distributed along one side of the automated warehouse. The pre-selection line includes a pre-selection chamber body, and an artificial sorting operation table and a pre-selection crusher are arranged inside the pre-selection chamber body. The crushing line includes a tipping loader, a vibrating feeder, a glass crusher, a draining screw conveyor, and a vibrating screen machine that are connected in sequence from top to bottom. The upper part of the crushing line is connected to the upper layer of the automated warehouse through an upper-layer roller path line, and the lower part of the crushing line is connected to the lower layer of the automated warehouse through a lower-layer roller path line. The impurity rate of the treated solid inorganic hazardous waste is ≤5%, and the moisture content is ≤5%. A bottle washing pool is arranged on the artificial sorting operation table, a waste water collection bucket is communicated below the bottle washing pool, and a waste liquid collection bucket is arranged outside the artificial sorting operation table. A collection box is arranged below the discharge end of the glass crusher, and a hanging basket is arranged inside the collection box. A air supply device for sending fresh air into the pre-selection chamber body is arranged at the top of the pre-selection chamber body, an air extraction device is arranged at the bottom of the pre-selection chamber body, and a negative pressure is formed inside the pre-selection chamber body. A PVC magnetic hanging curtain is arranged at the entrance of the pre-selection chamber body. An electric single-girder suspension crane for transporting raw materials is arranged at the top of the pre-selection chamber body. An explosion-proof combustion temperature sensing detection device is installed on the upper part of the feed bin of the glass crusher. The glass crusher is a two-stage crusher. Both the two-stage crusher and the pre-selection crusher are hammer crushers. The crushing line is a vertical four-layer structure, the top layer is a tipping machine chamber body, the tipping loader is located inside the tipping machine chamber body, an air extraction device is arranged at the top of the tipping machine chamber body, and a magnetic hanging curtain is also arranged at the entrance of the tipping machine chamber body.

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