Automatic reducing device for screw installation

Abstract

The present invention discloses an automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation, comprising a driving mechanism, a diameter-changing guide plate, a slewing support bearing, a fixed workbench and a diameter-changing tooling; the fixed workbench and the diameter-changing guide plate are respectively fixedly connected with the outer ring and the inner ring of the slewing support bearing; a plurality of guide notches are provided on the diameter-changing guide plate, a diameter-changing tooling is installed on the guide notches, a roller is installed at the lower part of the diameter-changing tooling, and the roller is arranged in the guide notches; a slider is provided at the bottom of the diameter-changing tooling, the slider cooperates with a guide rail installed on the fixed tooling table, and a plurality of the guide rails are radially arranged with the intersection of the axis of the slewing support bearing and the fixed workbench as the center of the circle; the driving device is used to drive the diameter-changing guide plate to rotate, and the diameter-changing guide plate pushes a plurality of diameter-changing tools to move at equal distances on the slide rail through the roller. The present invention can realize the automatic diameter-changing position of the diameter-changing tooling, meet the development needs of the automated production line; and can realize the tightening of a plurality of screws at the same time, thereby improving the assembly efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of mechanical technology and relates to the structural improvement of an assembly tool, in particular to an automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation. Background Art

[0002] When assembling train wheels, multiple wheel screws need to be tightened. The wheel screws are evenly distributed relative to the center of the wheel. The arrangement positions and diameters of wheel screws of different models are different. Traditional tightening mechanisms cannot achieve automatic compatibility of tightening and assembling of wheels of different models, and the process of changing models and production is complicated and cumbersome; manual assembly cannot achieve the tightening of multiple screws at the same time, the assembly efficiency is low, and the tightening and assembly quality stability is poor.

[0003] In addition, when tightening screws, bolts, or nuts, if torque is applied to the screw head, the nut will slip and rotate with the screw head, making it impossible to tighten. Therefore, it is necessary to equip the nut end with a counter-torque device to fix the nut and prevent it from rotating. The screw head must rotate to tighten the screw or nut, thereby tightening the components.

[0004] When assembling a set of screws automatically, the screw torque is usually applied gradually to the final torque in several stages rather than applying the torque to the maximum at one time. This will result in the inner wall of the counter-torque sleeve and the outer wall of the nut being tightly squeezed to generate a large pressure after tightening a screw, making it difficult to withdraw the counter-torque sleeve; after using a large pulling force to pull the counter-torque sleeve out, the squeezing force between the counter-torque sleeve and the nut is released, causing slight deformation on the inner and outer walls of both, causing the counter-torque sleeve pattern to be misaligned with the nut pattern, and the counter-torque sleeve cannot be inserted into the nut again. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a screw installation automatic diameter-changing device, which is used to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] In order to achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0007] The screw-mounted automatic diameter-changing device comprises a driving mechanism, a diameter-changing guide plate, a slewing support bearing, a fixed workbench and a diameter-changing tooling; the fixed workbench and the diameter-changing guide plate are fixedly connected to the outer ring and the inner ring of the slewing support bearing respectively; the diameter-changing guide plate is provided with a plurality of guide slots, on which a diameter-changing tooling is mounted, and rollers are mounted at the lower part of the diameter-changing tooling, and the rollers are arranged in the guide slots; a slider is provided at the bottom of the diameter-changing tooling, and the slider cooperates with a guide rail mounted on a fixed tooling table, and a plurality of the guide rails are radially arranged with the intersection of the axis of the slewing support bearing and the fixed workbench as the center of the circle; the driving device is used to drive the diameter-changing guide plate to rotate, and the diameter-changing guide plate pushes a plurality of diameter-changing tools to move at equal distances on the slide rails through rollers.

[0008] In order to further achieve the purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions can also be adopted:

[0009] In the automatic variable diameter device for screw installation as described above, the fixed workbench and the variable diameter guide plate are provided with inner circular holes fixedly matched with the outer ring and inner ring of the slewing support bearing, and the plurality of guide slots are arranged along the tangent direction of the inner circular hole on the variable diameter guide plate.

[0010] The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation as described above, wherein the driving mechanism includes a motor, a pinion, and a large gear arranged on a diameter-changing guide plate and meshing with the pinion. The pinion and the motor are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of a fixed workbench, and the motor shaft passes through the fixed workbench and is connected to the pinion shaft.

[0011] In the screw installation automatic diameter-changing device as described above, the large gear is an arc-shaped rack segment arranged on the outer periphery of the diameter-changing guide plate.

[0012] The screw installation automatic diameter-changing device as described above, the driving mechanism has a tooth gap adjustment part, the tooth gap adjustment part includes a box body installed on a fixed workbench, a tightening screw and a tightening screw are installed on the side wall of the box body, and the fixed workbench has an adjustment hole on the motor shaft part, and the inner ends of the tightening screw and the tightening screw cooperate with the motor shaft or the pinion shaft through a bushing.

[0013] The screw installation automatic diameter-changing device as described above, the diameter-changing tooling includes a base, and a lifting mechanism, a locking mechanism and a counter-torque mechanism are installed on the base, and the counter-torque mechanism and the locking mechanism are respectively arranged on the side of the lifting mechanism; the counter-torque mechanism includes a lifting guide cylinder, a lifting shaft and a counter-torque sleeve; the lifting shaft is installed in the lifting guide cylinder, and the upper end of the lifting shaft extending out of the lifting guide cylinder is installed with a counter-torque sleeve; the side wall of the lifting guide cylinder is provided with a vertical guide groove on the lifting mechanism side; the lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder, a cylinder connecting piece and a lifting connecting plate; the cylinder connecting piece is fixedly installed on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder, and the cylinder connecting plate is fixedly connected to the lifting shaft through a guide key, and the guide key is arranged The guide slide groove; the lifting shaft can drive the guide key and the lifting connecting plate to rotate; the locking mechanism includes a locking cylinder, a fixed block, a locking slider and an ejector pin; the fixed block is installed on the outside of the lifting guide cylinder; a vertical slide groove is opened on the fixed block, the locking slider is arranged in the vertical slide groove, and the upper part of the piston rod of the locking cylinder is fixedly connected with the locking slider; corresponding locking holes are opened on the fixed block and the lifting guide cylinder, and an ejector pin is arranged in the locking hole, and a spring is installed on the ejector pin; the locking cylinder can drive the locking slider to move upward, and the locking slider pushes the outer end of the ejector pin to extend into the lifting guide cylinder and contact and fix it with the lifting shaft; when the locking cylinder drives the locking slider to move downward, the spring can push the outer end of the ejector pin to separate from the lifting shaft and retract.

[0014] The screw-mounted automatic diameter-changing device as described above, wherein the cylinder connecting plate is a card seat structure, including an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate and a short shaft installed therebetween.

[0015] The screw-mounted automatic diameter-changing device as described above, the lifting connection plate includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, one end of the horizontal plate has an arc groove matching the short axis, the other end of the horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the upper part of the vertical plate, and the lower part of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to the lifting shaft through a guide key.

[0016] In the automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation as described above, the width of the guide slot is 1.2-1.6 times the width of the guide key, and the guide key can rotate in the guide slot at an angle of 0-10°.

[0017] In the screw installation automatic diameter-changing device as described above, the vertical slide groove and the locking slide groove are both rectangular holes; the ejector pin and the locking slider are provided with matching sliding inclined surfaces; the outer periphery of the lifting shaft is provided with a vertical V-shaped groove, and the outer end of the ejector pin is provided with a V-shaped portion matching the V-shaped groove.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0019] 1. The present invention can realize the automatic diameter change position of the diameter-changing tooling, meeting the development needs of the automated production line. It can realize the tightening of multiple screws at the same time, improving the assembly efficiency. The present invention can realize the automatic compatibility of multiple product models of different sizes.

[0020] 2. The present invention overcomes the problem of unstable installation quality during manual screw installation, reduces the rate of unqualified screws, improves the consistency of the final torque of the screws, improves product quality, and reduces production costs.

[0021] 3. The present invention can overcome the torque when the counter-torque device tightens the screw nut, ensuring that the nut will not slide relative to the nut when tightening, meeting the use requirements of the automated production line. The lifting shaft can be positioned by the locking mechanism, thereby ensuring that the nut is fixed when tightening the screw.

[0022] 4. The present invention overcomes the problem that the anti-torque sleeve is squeezed by the nut during the step-by-step tightening process and is difficult to pull out. The anti-torque sleeve is driven by the lifting shaft to rotate at a small degree, which can better release the squeezing force between the anti-torque sleeve and the nut, making it convenient to pull out the anti-torque sleeve. By releasing the squeezing force between the anti-torque sleeve and the nut in advance, the inner wall patterns and outer wall patterns of the two will not be damaged when the anti-torque sleeve is pulled out. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 The assembly drawing of the variable diameter guide plate, slewing support bearing and fixed workbench as described in the above;

[0026] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A top view of (the reducing tool is moved to the minimum diameter position);

[0027] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Another state diagram of (the diameter reducing fixture moves to the maximum diameter position);

[0028] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 A partial schematic diagram of the guide slot and the roller described in;

[0029] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the variable diameter tooling described in;

[0030] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 An assembly diagram of the driving mechanism described in the figure;

[0031] Figure 8 yes Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of the lifting guide cylinder described in;

[0032] Fig. 9 yes Figure 6 A structural diagram of the guide key and guide slot described in;

[0033] Fig.10 yes Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the internal structure.

[0034] Figure markings: 1-driving mechanism, 2-variable guide plate, 3-slewing support bearing, 31-inner ring, 32-outer ring, 4-variable tooling, 41-base, 42-lifting cylinder, 43-cylinder connecting piece, 44-lifting connecting plate, 45-anti-torque sleeve, 46-lifting shaft, 461-mounting hole, 462-V-groove, 47-lifting guide cylinder, 471-axis hole, 472-guide slide groove, 473-locking slide groove, 474-connecting part, 48-fixed block, 49-locking cylinder, 410-thrust pin, 411-spring, 412-locking slider, 413-guide key, 414-nut, 5-fixed workbench, 6-guide notch, 7-roller, 8-linear guide rail, 9-small gear, 10-large gear, 11-tooth clearance adjustment piece, 111-tension screw, 112-tension screw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0036] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments.

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, the embodiment discloses an automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation, comprising a driving mechanism, a diameter-changing guide plate, a slewing support bearing, a fixed workbench and a diameter-changing tool; the fixed workbench and the diameter-changing guide plate are fixedly connected to the outer ring and the inner ring of the slewing support bearing respectively; the diameter-changing guide plate is provided with a plurality of guide slots, on which a diameter-changing tool is installed, and a roller is installed at the lower part of the diameter-changing tool, and the roller is arranged in the guide slot; a slider is provided at the bottom of the diameter-changing tool, and the slider cooperates with a guide rail installed on the fixed tooling table, and the plurality of guide rails are radially arranged with the intersection of the axis of the slewing support bearing and the fixed workbench as the center of the circle; the driving device is used to drive the diameter-changing guide plate to rotate, and the diameter-changing guide plate pushes the plurality of diameter-changing tools to move at equal distances on the slide rail through the roller.

[0038] Specifically, the driving mechanism 1 is installed on the fixed workbench 5, the variable diameter guide plate 2 is connected to the fixed workbench 5 through the slewing support bearing 3, the inner ring 31 of the slewing support bearing 3 is fixedly connected to the variable diameter guide plate 2, and its outer ring 32 is fixedly connected to the fixed workbench 5, and the variable diameter guide plate 2 can rotate relative to the fixed workbench 5.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, an inner circular hole fixedly matched with the outer ring 32 and the inner ring 31 of the slewing support bearing 3 is provided on the fixed workbench 5 and the variable diameter guide plate 2, and a plurality of guide slots 6 are provided along the tangent direction of the inner circular hole on the variable diameter guide plate 2.

[0040] The driving mechanism 1 includes a motor, a pinion 9 and a large gear 10 arranged on the variable diameter guide plate 2 and meshing with the pinion 9. The pinion 9 and the motor are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the fixed workbench 5. The motor shaft passes through the fixed workbench 5 and is connected to the pinion 9 shaft.

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, the large gear 10 is an arc-shaped rack segment, the small gear 9 is meshed with the large gear 10, and a linear guide 8 is installed on the fixed workbench 5. The linear guide 8 is evenly arranged along the diameter direction of the variable diameter guide disk 2. A variable diameter tool 4 is installed on the linear guide 8 and can slide along the direction of the linear guide 8. A roller 7 is provided at the bottom of the variable diameter tool 4. The roller 7 is arranged in the guide groove 6 of the variable diameter guide disk 2 and is tangent to the guide groove 6.

[0042] A tooth clearance adjustment part is provided on the outer periphery of the pinion 9, and the tooth clearance adjustment part includes a box body installed on the fixed workbench 5, and a tightening screw 111 and a tightening screw 112 are installed on the side wall of the box body. The fixed workbench 5 has an adjustment hole on the motor shaft part, and the inner ends of the tightening screw 111 and the tightening screw 112 are matched with the motor shaft or the pinion shaft through a shaft sleeve.

[0043] The driving mechanism 1 drives the small gear 9 to rotate, and the small gear 9 drives the large gear 10 and the reducing guide plate 2 to rotate on the slewing bearing 3. The rotation of the reducing guide plate 2 drives the guide slot 6 to rotate, and the side wall of the guide slot 6 applies a thrust F1 to the roller 7. The thrust F1 is decomposed into a component force F2 along the direction of the linear guide 8 and a component force F3 perpendicular to the direction of the linear guide 8. The component force F2 in the direction of the linear guide 8 drives the roller 7 and the reducing tooling 4 to move along the direction of the linear guide 8 to achieve equal distance reduction. Multiple sets of reducing tooling 4 are evenly distributed to achieve simultaneous action and adjustment.

[0044] like Figure 5-Figure 10 As shown, the diameter-changing fixture 4 includes a base 41 , on which a lifting mechanism, a locking mechanism and a counter-torque mechanism are installed. The counter-torque mechanism and the locking mechanism are respectively arranged on the side of the lifting mechanism.

[0045] The base 41 is a bottom plate, which is made of a plate material, and bolt holes for installing a lifting mechanism, a locking mechanism and a counter-torque mechanism are pre-opened on the bottom plate. At the same time, in order to make the structure of the device more compact, such as Figure 1 As shown, the lifting mechanism is arranged on the left side of the counter-torque mechanism, and the locking mechanism is arranged on the front side of the torque generating mechanism.

[0046] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, the anti-torque mechanism of this embodiment includes a lifting guide cylinder 47, a lifting shaft 46 and a anti-torque sleeve 45; the lifting shaft 46 is installed in the lifting guide cylinder 47, and the lifting shaft 46 extends out of the upper end of the lifting guide cylinder 47 to install the anti-torque sleeve 45; the side wall of the lifting guide cylinder 47 is opened with a vertical guide groove 472 on the lifting mechanism side.

[0047] A connecting portion 474 is provided at the bottom of the lifting guide cylinder 47, and the connecting portion 474 cooperates with the connecting hole opened on the bottom plate 41; an axial hole 471 cooperating with the lifting shaft 46 is provided in the middle of the lifting guide cylinder 47, and the lifting shaft 46 can be lifted and lowered in the axial hole 471 to drive the anti-torque cylinder to rise and fix the nut 414 or to fall and be pulled out.

[0048] The anti-torque sleeve 45 is a standard part, and its opening upwards is adapted to the nut 414. The anti-torque sleeve 45 and the lifting shaft 46 are detachably connected through internal threaded holes and screws, which is convenient for replacement and maintenance.

[0049] See also Figure 6 As shown, the lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder 42, a cylinder connecting part 43 and a lifting connecting plate 44; the cylinder connecting part 43 is fixedly installed on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 42, and the lifting connecting plate 44 is fixedly connected to the lifting shaft 46 through a guide key 413, and the guide key 413 is set in the guide groove 472; the lifting shaft 46 can drive the guide key 413 and the lifting connecting plate 44 to rotate.

[0050] like Figure 7 As shown, the lifting connecting plate 44 of this embodiment is a card seat structure, including an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate and a short shaft installed therebetween. The lifting connecting plate 44 is composed of a horizontal plate and a vertical plate, one end of the horizontal plate has an arc groove matched with the short shaft, the other end of the horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the upper part of the vertical plate, and the lower part of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to the lifting shaft 46 through a guide key 413.

[0051] The guide key 413 passes through the guide slot 472 provided on the side wall of the lifting guide cylinder 47, one end of the guide key 413 is fixedly connected to the lifting shaft 46 through the mounting hole 461, and the other end of the guide key 413 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the vertical plate. Driven by the lifting cylinder 42, the guide key 413 can slide up and down in the guide slot 472.

[0052] like Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, since the width of the guide key 413 is smaller than the guide slot 472 , the lifting shaft 46 can drive the guide key 413 to slightly rotate in the guide slot 472 .

[0053] In this embodiment, the width of the guide slot 472 is 1.2-1.6 times, preferably 1.3-1.5 times, of the width of the guide key 413 to ensure stable lifting and lowering while having good rotation adjustment performance. When the guide key 413 contacts the side wall of the guide slot 472, it is blocked and cannot continue to rotate.

[0054] The guide key 413 can rotate in the guide slot 472 at an angle of 0-6° to achieve fine rotation adjustment of the anti-torque sleeve 45. When the lifting shaft 46 rotates to drive the guide key 413 and the lifting connecting plate 44 to rotate together, the arc groove set on the horizontal plate cooperates with the short shaft to achieve simultaneous rotation of the lifting connecting plate 44, while the lifting cylinder 42 and the cylinder connecting member 43 are fixed. At the same time, the lifting connecting plate 44 will not touch the cylinder connecting member 43 when rotating, so as to prevent the lifting cylinder 42 and the like from being damaged by lateral force.

[0055] The locking mechanism in this embodiment is used to limit and fix the lifting shaft 46 when the anti-torque sleeve 45 is moved up and inserted into the nut 414; when the nut 414 is tightened, the locking mechanism is reset, and the lifting cylinder 42 drives the lifting shaft 46 to move up and down and separate in the lifting guide cylinder 47 through the cylinder connecting piece 43, the lifting connecting plate 44, and the guide key 413.

[0056] like Figure 6 , Fig.10 As shown, the locking mechanism includes a locking cylinder 49, a fixed block 48, a locking slider 412 and a ejector pin 410; the fixed block 48 is installed on the outside of the lifting guide cylinder 47; a vertical slide groove is opened on the fixed block 48, and the locking slider 412 is arranged in the vertical slide groove, and the upper part of the piston rod of the locking cylinder 49 is fixedly connected with the locking slider 412; corresponding locking holes are opened on the fixed block 48 and the lifting guide cylinder 47, and an ejector pin 410 is arranged in the locking hole, and a spring 411 is installed on the ejector pin 410; the locking cylinder 49 can drive the locking slider 412 to move upward, and the locking slider 412 pushes the outer end of the ejector pin 410 to extend into the lifting guide cylinder 47 and contact and fix with the lifting shaft 46; when the locking cylinder 49 drives the locking slider 412 to move downward, the spring 411 can push the outer end of the ejector pin 410 to separate from the lifting shaft 46 and retract.

[0057] The lifting guide cylinder 47 is provided with a locking groove 473 on the front side, and a corresponding locking groove 473 is also provided on the fixed block 48, which serves as a moving slideway for the ejector pin 410 in the lifting guide cylinder 47 and the fixed block 48. The fixed block 48 is provided with a vertical groove, and both the vertical groove and the locking groove 473 are rectangular holes.

[0058] The inner end of the ejector pin 410 is provided with a matching sliding inclined surface on the upper part of the locking slider 412. A vertical V-shaped groove 462 is formed on the outer periphery of the lifting shaft 46, and a V-shaped portion matching with the V-shaped groove 462 is provided on the outer end of the ejector pin 410.

[0059] When the locking cylinder 49 rises, it drives the locking slider 412 upward, and the locking slider 412 pushes the ejector pin 410 to move into the lifting guide cylinder 47. The V-shaped portion at the outer end of the ejector pin 410 cooperates with the V-shaped groove 462 on the outer periphery of the lifting shaft 46. At this time, the spring 411 is compressed, and the lifting shaft 46 is tightened and cannot rotate; when the locking cylinder 49 descends, it drives the locking slider 412 downward, and the spring 411 pushes the ejector pin 410 to retract. The ejector pin 410 leaves the V-shaped groove 462 and separates from the lifting shaft 46. At this time, the lifting shaft 46 can be lifted and rotated.

[0060] When the variable diameter tool 4 of the present invention is working, the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 42 extends, driving the cylinder connecting piece 43, the lifting connecting plate 44, the guide key 413, the lifting shaft 46, the anti-torque sleeve 45, etc. to rise together. Since the ejector pin 410 is not extended, the lifting shaft 46 and the anti-torque sleeve 45 can rotate at a small angle in the circumferential direction of the lifting guide cylinder 47.

[0061] When the counter-torque sleeve 45 is inserted into the nut 414, the piston rod of the locking cylinder 49 extends out, driving the locking slider 412 to rise; the locking slider 412 pushes the V-shaped portion of the ejector pin 410 into the V-shaped groove 462, so that the lifting shaft 46 is positioned and cannot rotate, and the counter-torque sleeve 45 is also fixed; the nut 414 cannot rotate in the counter-torque sleeve 45, which can play an anti-torque role; use an electric torque wrench to apply torque to the screw head and tighten the screw. At this time, the nut 414 and the inner wall of the counter-torque sleeve 45 are tightly squeezed together, making it difficult to pull out the counter-torque sleeve 45. Then, the piston rod of the locking cylinder 49 retracts, driving the locking slider 412 to descend, and the spring 411 releases the thrust, pushing the ejector pin 410 to retract backward and separate from the lifting shaft 46; at this time, the anti-torque sleeve 45 will rotate a little at a small angle in the direction away from the nut 414, and the pressure between the nut 414 and the anti-torque sleeve 45 will be released. The inner wall of the anti-torque sleeve and the nut 414 are no longer squeezed together, and the lifting shaft 46 and the anti-torque sleeve 45 resume a rotatable state, and the piston rod of the lifting cylinder 42 retracts, driving the cylinder connecting piece 43, the lifting connecting plate 44, the guide key 413, the lifting shaft 46, the anti-torque sleeve 45, etc. to move downward together.

[0062] When the device works next time, since there is no squeezing force between the previous counter-torque sleeve 45 and the nut 414, the patterns of the inner wall of the counter-torque sleeve 45 and the outer wall of the nut 414 are not misaligned, the counter-torque sleeve 45 can be easily aligned with the pattern and put on to continue the next tightening operation of the screw or bolt and nut 414.

[0063] The technical contents not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies.

Claims

1. Automatic diameter reducing device for screw installation, characterized in that: It includes a driving mechanism, a variable diameter guide plate, a slewing support bearing, a fixed workbench and a variable diameter fixture; the fixed workbench and the variable diameter guide plate are fixedly connected to the outer ring and the inner ring of the slewing support bearing respectively; the variable diameter guide plate is provided with a plurality of guide slots, the variable diameter fixture is installed on the guide slots, the lower part of the variable diameter fixture is installed with rollers, and the rollers are arranged in the guide slots; the bottom of the variable diameter fixture is provided with a slider, the slider cooperates with the guide rail installed on the fixed fixture table, and the plurality of guide rails are radially arranged with the intersection of the axis of the slewing support bearing and the fixed workbench as the center of the circle; the driving mechanism is used to drive the variable diameter guide plate to rotate, and the variable diameter guide plate pushes the plurality of variable diameter fixtures to move at equal distances on the slide rail through the rollers; the variable diameter fixture includes a base, and a lifting mechanism, a locking mechanism and a counter-torque mechanism are installed on the base, and the counter-torque mechanism and the locking mechanism are respectively arranged on the side of the lifting mechanism; the counter-torque mechanism includes a lifting guide cylinder, a lifting shaft and a counter-torque sleeve; the lifting shaft is installed in the lifting guide cylinder, and the lifting shaft extends out of the upper end of the lifting guide cylinder and is arranged The anti-torque sleeve is installed; the side wall of the lifting guide cylinder is provided with a vertical guide slot on the lifting mechanism side; the lifting mechanism includes a lifting cylinder, a cylinder connector and a lifting connecting plate; the cylinder connector is fixedly installed on the piston rod of the lifting cylinder, and the cylinder connector is fixedly connected to the lifting shaft through a guide key, and the guide key is arranged in the guide slot; the lifting shaft can drive the guide key and the lifting connecting plate to rotate; the locking mechanism includes a locking cylinder, a fixing block, a locking slider and an ejector pin; the fixing block is installed on the lifting The outside of the guide cylinder; a vertical slide groove is opened on the fixed block, and the locking slider is arranged in the vertical slide groove, and the upper part of the piston rod of the locking cylinder is fixedly connected with the locking slider; corresponding locking holes are opened on the fixed block and the lifting guide cylinder, and a ejector pin is arranged in the locking hole, and a spring is installed on the ejector pin; the locking cylinder can drive the locking slider to move upward, and the locking slider pushes the outer end of the ejector pin to extend into the lifting guide cylinder and contact and fix with the lifting shaft; when the locking cylinder drives the locking slider to move downward, the spring can push the outer end of the ejector pin to separate from the lifting shaft and retract.

2. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed workbench and the variable diameter guide disk are provided with inner circular holes fixedly matched with the outer ring and inner ring of the slewing support bearing, and the plurality of guide slots are arranged along the tangent direction of the inner circular hole on the variable diameter guide disk.

3. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism includes a motor, a pinion and a large gear arranged on a variable diameter guide plate and meshing with the pinion. The pinion and the motor are respectively located on the upper and lower sides of the fixed workbench, and the motor shaft passes through the fixed workbench and is connected to the pinion shaft.

4. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The large gear is an arc-shaped rack segment arranged on the outer periphery of the variable diameter guide plate.

5. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The driving mechanism is provided with a tooth clearance adjustment part, which includes a box body installed on a fixed workbench, a tightening screw and a tensioning screw are installed on the side wall of the box body, and an adjustment hole is opened on the motor shaft part of the fixed workbench, and the inner ends of the tightening screw and the tensioning screw cooperate with the motor shaft or the pinion shaft through a bushing.

6. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cylinder connecting piece is a card seat structure, including an upper connecting plate, a lower connecting plate and a short shaft installed therebetween.

7. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lifting connection plate includes a horizontal plate and a vertical plate. One end of the horizontal plate has an arc groove that matches the short shaft. The other end of the horizontal plate is fixedly connected to the upper part of the vertical plate. The lower part of the vertical plate is fixedly connected to the lifting shaft through a guide key.

8. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The width of the guide slot is 1.2-1.6 times the width of the guide key, and the guide key can rotate in the guide slot at an angle of 0-10°.

9. The automatic diameter-changing device for screw installation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vertical slide groove and the locking slide groove are both rectangular holes; the ejector pin and the locking slider are provided with matching sliding inclined surfaces; the outer periphery of the lifting shaft is provided with a vertical V-shaped groove, and the outer end of the ejector pin is provided with a V-shaped portion matching the V-shaped groove.

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