A landscaping material reaction system and operation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a garden greening material reaction system and an operation method. The system comprises a reaction pool, an exhaust device, a drainage pipe, a multi-stage purification pool and an excavator etc. which are built on a foundation. The system mainly carries out a special structural design and a structural force formula calculation for the reaction pool. When in use, the exhaust device is connected to the reaction pool and the multi-stage purification pool respectively, and the drainage pipe is also connected to the reaction pool and the multi-stage purification pool respectively. An exhaust valve and a water pump are arranged on the multi-stage purification pool. In this way, the waste gas in the reaction pool enters the multi-stage purification pool through the exhaust device for purification and is then discharged by the exhaust valve. The waste water in the reaction pool is discharged into the multi-stage purification pool through the drainage pipe for filtration and is then pumped out by the water pump. Therefore, the garden greening material reaction system designed as above has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, high efficiency and suitability for factory production, and also has the characteristics of energy saving, emission reduction, ecological protection and the like. Combined with the corresponding operation method, the system has high economic and social benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of gardening and greening, and in particular to a gardening and greening material reaction system and an operation method. Background Art

[0002] In the landscaping project, soil characteristics and fertilization and maintenance that are suitable for the growth of flowers and trees are two very important main conditions. With the development of the economy, the soil pollution environment is increasing, which has a negative impact on the growth of flowers and trees. It is undoubtedly a very important way to convert garden waste into organic fertilizer through composting and turn waste into treasure. The published Chinese patent "A method for treating hexavalent chromium and organic pollutants by using biochar", patent number: ZL201910005688.5, uses biochar to treat hexavalent chromium and organic pollutants. The measures are relatively simple and difficult to be suitable for large-scale soil chromium pollution remediation. The published Chinese patent "An improved saline-alkali land greening system", patent number: ZL201520546485.4, also has a single treatment method. The published Chinese patent "A method for producing organic fertilizer from garden waste", application number: CN201611006702.6, adds dehydrated sludge to garden waste, stirs and mixes composting and ferments to produce organic fertilizer, but does not explain the specific device for composting and fermentation. At the same time, the above-mentioned devices or measures also have defects such as complex structure, troublesome operation, high management cost and low efficiency, and difficulty in factory production. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a landscaping material reaction system and operation method which is simple in structure, convenient in operation, low in cost, high in efficiency and suitable for factory production.

[0004] The technical problem of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] A landscaping material reaction system comprises a reaction pool built on a foundation, an exhaust device, a drainage pipe and a multi-stage purification pool, wherein the reaction pool is filled with materials, and the reaction pool comprises a foundation pit which is small at the bottom and large at the top and presents an inverted shape, and a pool cover which is sealed and lifted and closed on the top of the foundation pit, and the bottom of the foundation pit and the four side slopes are successively laid with anti-seepage geotextiles, geotextiles, fine sand, vertical and horizontal water pipes, bagged gravel and a bottom plate, and the pool cover is provided with a temperature and humidity meter, a barometer and a temperature and humidity regulating nozzle; an excavator for loading, unloading and mixing materials is provided outside the reaction pool; the exhaust device is respectively connected to the reaction pool and the multi-stage purification pool, and the drainage pipe is also respectively connected to the reaction pool and the multi-stage purification pool, and the multi-stage purification pool is provided with an exhaust valve and a water pump; the exhaust gas in the reaction pool is discharged into the multi-stage purification pool through the exhaust device for purification and then discharged by the exhaust valve; the waste water in the reaction pool is discharged into the multi-stage purification pool through the drainage pipe for filtration and then pumped out by the water pump.

[0006] The slopes on the four sides of the reaction pool are , which is composed of bagged gravel stacked horizontally and cross-layered to a height of When the excavator is loading and unloading materials, the slope is subject to the greatest force, and the excavator crawler load Use equivalent soil thickness Instead, in severe Under the active earth pressure of the foundation soil, the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope is subjected to the greatest force. The bag of gravel is subjected to force as a loose body. Assuming that the bag of gravel is a flat rectangular parallelepiped, the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope per unit length is only subjected to the overlapping and shelved part of the third bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope. Weight and the resulting horizontal friction The second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope is also subject to its own weight. of and horizontal friction , and excavator track load and height The earth pressure superposition is According to the mechanics of bulk materials, Rankine's earth pressure theory and the principle of force balance, the force on the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope is calculated by formula 1 and formula 2:

[0007] Formula 1:

[0008]

[0009] Formula 2:

[0010]

[0011]

[0012] The slopes on the four sides of the reaction tank are The bagged gravel must meet the requirements of Formula 2 at the same time. If it cannot meet the requirements of Formula 2 at the same time, the slope ratio needs to be adjusted. , Bag gravel size, Excavator track load Until the design requirements are met;

[0013] The symbols in formula 1 and formula 2 are defined as:

[0014] - the width of a single bag of gravel, ;

[0015] - the thickness of a single bag of gravel, ;

[0016] - The third bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope is placed on top of the second bag of gravel Partial Weight from the center of gravity to the center of the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope The horizontal distance ;

[0017] ——The height from the bottom of the reaction tank to the top of the four side slopes, ;

[0018] ——Excavator track load The thickness of the equivalent soil, , ;

[0019] ——From the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope to the excavator track load The height of the top of the equivalent soil mass, ;

[0020] ——Load from the third bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope to the excavator track load The height of the top of the equivalent soil mass, ;

[0021] ——The weight of bagged gravel per unit length, that is, the weight of the second bagged gravel per unit length at the bottom of the slope , ;

[0022] ——The third bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope is placed on the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope The weight per unit length of the part, ;

[0023] ——Load per unit length of excavator track, ;

[0024] ——The horizontal earth pressure per unit length on the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope, ;

[0025] ——The horizontal earth pressure per unit length on the top of the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope, ;

[0026] ——The top of the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope is subject to frictional resistance per unit length, ;

[0027] ——The second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope is subject to frictional resistance per unit length, ;

[0028] ——The anti-overturning coefficient per unit length of the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope, ;

[0029] ——The horizontal friction coefficient between bagged gravel;

[0030] ——the density of gravel in the bag, ;

[0031] - the weight of the foundation soil, ;

[0032] - cohesion of the foundation soil, ;

[0033] ——internal friction angle of foundation soil, ;

[0034] ——Coordinate variables from the bottom of the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope to the top of the second bag of gravel at the bottom of the slope, .

[0035] The bottom of the reaction pool is paved with 10cm to 20cm gravel, which is mechanically compacted and then paved with 5cm to 10cm C20 plain concrete. The top surface of the plain concrete is provided with a drainage slope of 1% to 2% towards the drainage pipe. The slopes on the four sides are , the slope is calculated and determined by formula 1 and formula 2.

[0036] The bagged gravel is filled in a geobag made of double-sided ironed non-woven fabric made of polypropylene (PP) or polyester fiber (PET) as raw materials. The geobag has dual functions of water permeability and filtration and strong tensile and compressive resistance. The gravel is well graded, the maximum particle size is not more than 5 cm, and the mud content is less than 3%; the bagged gravel is stacked at the bottom of the reaction tank and on the slope, and the size after stacking is not less than 60 cm long × 40 cm wide × 30 cm high; the bagged gravel is composed of horizontally cross-stacked layers without vertical through seams, and the stacking seams are filled with gravel.

[0037] A canopy built above the pool cover is provided on the foundation, and a lifting rope for lifting the pool cover and hanging it is provided on the canopy, and the lowest point of the lifted, hung and fixed pool cover does not hinder the excavator from filling, loading and unloading and stirring the materials in the reaction tank; screw holes are provided around the bottom of the pool cover, and each screw hole is connected to the embedded bolts on the foundation, thereby forming a cover seal between the pool cover and the top of the foundation pit.

[0038] The number and installation positions of the temperature and humidity meters and barometers are intended to comprehensively detect the physical conditions of the material reaction. The top view of the reaction pool is projected every 100m 2 The number of the temperature and humidity meters and the barometers is 3 to 5, which are installed on the top of the pool cover or between the top of the pool cover and the ground; the temperature and humidity meters and the barometers are connected to the computer by wire or wirelessly to record the detection data in real time; the temperature and humidity adjustment nozzle is set on the top of the pool cover, and according to the detection data of the temperature and humidity meters, the computer controls the spraying of warm water as needed and adjusts the reaction temperature and humidity of the materials in the reaction pool to achieve the best reaction effect of the materials.

[0039] The multi-stage purification pool is composed of a plurality of purification pool units with the same structure connected in series in sequence, and each purification pool unit is composed of a sewage pool and a clean water pool. A water filter is arranged in the sewage pool, an exhaust valve and a vent pipe are arranged on the top of the sewage pool, a connected water flow hole is arranged between the top of the sewage pool and the clean water pool, and a water pipe is arranged on the top of the clean water pool; the vent pipe on the top of each sewage pool is connected to the water filter of the adjacent sewage pool; the water pipe on the top of each clean water pool is connected to the water filter of the adjacent sewage pool; each of the vent pipes is provided with an opening and closing air valve; each of the water pipes is provided with an opening and closing water valve, and the clean water pools of the multi-stage purification pool are respectively connected to the water outlet main pipe through the water outlet branch pipe, and then connected to the water pump by the water outlet main pipe, and each water outlet branch pipe is provided with a water outlet valve for opening and closing.

[0040] The exhaust device includes an air storage box, an air filter in the air storage box and a booster pump installed on the air storage box. The air storage box is connected to the reaction tank and the multi-stage purification tank respectively through an exhaust pipe; the air storage box is a closed box made of metal or plastic, and the air filter is an activated carbon physical adsorption air filter filled in the air storage box, which adsorbs and purifies the waste gas generated by the material reaction in the reaction tank, and after being pressurized by the booster pump, enters the water filter in the sewage pool in the multi-stage purification tank through the exhaust pipe for further purification, and is discharged from the exhaust valve after meeting the emission standards.

[0041] The reaction pool is provided with a plurality of vertical and horizontal water pipes, which are PVC pipes, with a spacing of 1m to 1.5m between each adjacent vertical and horizontal water pipe, a pipe diameter of 5cm to 10cm, and a wall thickness of 0.3cm to 0.5cm, and the upper semicircle of the vertical and horizontal water pipes is cross-drilled, with 3 to 5 holes per meter, and is laid on the bottom of the reaction pool including geotextile and fine sand, and is inclined toward the water collection port along a drainage slope of 1% to 2%, and the water collection area is 0.5m to 1m from the water collection port to the vertical and horizontal water pipes, and the water collection area is 1m to 2m. The water area collects and gathers all the infiltration water produced by the reaction pool including the vertical and horizontal water pipes. There are no vertical and horizontal water pipes in the water collection area, and the water collection port is connected to the drainage pipe without water seepage or leakage; the drainage pipe is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 10cm to 15cm and a wall thickness of 0.4cm to 0.6cm, and the end is inserted into the water filter body of the sewage pool; the water filter body is a diatomaceous earth physical adsorption filter body, and the filtered water seeps out from the top surface of the water filter body and flows into the clean water pool through the water flow hole, and is pumped out by a water pump after passing the inspection.

[0042] The materials are divided into matrix materials and reaction materials. The matrix materials are soil containing harmful substances and greening waste, straw, etc. that can be converted into fertilizers. In the first category - chromium-contaminated soil remediation and the second category - saline-alkali soil improvement reactions, greening waste and straw are reaction materials. In the third category - greening waste and straw composting reactions, greening waste and straw are matrix materials. The soil containing harmful substances for garden greening plants commonly includes soil containing heavy metals such as chromium and saline-alkali soil. The greening waste is branches, rhizomes, fallen leaves, grass clippings and other plant wastes produced during the growth or maintenance of greening plants. The reaction materials mainly refer to chemical reactants, organisms and microorganisms, regulators, etc. The chemicals react with the matrix materials to degrade the harmful substances in the matrix materials, which are chemical substances that are beneficial to the growth of greening plants in the soil. The organisms and microorganisms are earthworms and microbial fertilizers. The regulators are chemical substances that accelerate the harmlessness of matrix materials or the conversion of greening plants into fertilizers.

[0043] An operating method of a landscaping material reaction system comprises the following steps:

[0044] Step 1: Draft the structural dimensions of each part of the landscaping material reaction system

[0045] According to the terrain and geological drilling data, the structural dimensions and layout of each part of the landscaping material reaction system are initially planned, and the engineering materials and mechanical equipment are selected, and the computer control software is compiled and debugged to be qualified;

[0046] Calculate and verify the slopes of the four sides of the reaction pool using Formula 1 and Formula 2. If the requirements of formula 2 cannot be met, adjust the slope ratio , Bag gravel size, Excavator track load Until the design requirements are met;

[0047] ③ After the structural dimensions of each part of the landscaping material reaction system are calculated to meet the requirements of Formula 2, the construction of the landscaping material reaction system is organized, and tests are carried out to ensure that it meets the design requirements;

[0048] Step 2: Select the corresponding operation method according to the matrix material classification

[0049] Category 1: Remediation of chromium-contaminated soil

[0050] Purpose: To reduce hexavalent chromium in chromium-containing matrix materials to trivalent chromium and fix it;

[0051] Remediation methods: One is to change the form of chromium in the soil, that is, to reduce hexavalent chromium ions to trivalent ions, so as to reduce the mobility and biological activity of chromium in the soil environment, thereby achieving stabilization of chromium in the soil; the other is to change the medium in which chromium exists in the soil, transfer chromium from the contaminated soil to other media, that is, to remove chromium from the soil environment. Based on the above two treatment approaches, soil remediation technology is divided into physical remediation, chemical remediation, and biological remediation in principle;

[0052] Conduct a survey on the status of chromium-contaminated areas, i.e., chromium-containing matrix materials, to find out the scope of soil pollution and the distribution of pollutants in the survey area, sample and test the soil pH value and chromium content parameters, and determine the remediation target, i.e., to meet the national greening plant soil quality standards;

[0053] The laboratory sampling test uses different proportions of reaction materials. The reaction materials and regulators convert hexavalent chromium in the soil into trivalent chromium. The conversion effect on hexavalent chromium is tested to determine the best ratio of matrix materials, reaction materials and regulators, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the number of stirring times and reaction time indicators. The entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software;

[0054] Reaction materials: green waste, straw, organisms and microorganisms such as earthworms, BYM bacteria, and regulators that accelerate material reactions;

[0055] Formulate specific operation methods for industrial restoration production using landscaping material reaction systems;

[0056] Screen local chromium-enriched plants to repair chromium-contaminated soil, and then use them for planting green plants in large-scale garden projects;

[0057] Category 2: Saline-alkali soil improvement

[0058] Purpose: To reduce soil salinity, increase the survival rate of plants in saline-alkali areas, enhance the landscape effect of greening saline-alkali land, and promote the sustainable development of ecological environment construction;

[0059] Restoration method: In view of the adverse properties of saline-alkali soil, i.e. the matrix material of saline-alkali soil, corresponding engineering water conservancy, physical, chemical and biological measures are taken to improve soil properties and plant growth environment conditions;

[0060] Investigate the distribution of saline-alkali soils and develop standards for classification and treatment:

[0061] a) For saline-alkali soils where the groundwater level is higher than the critical depth of groundwater, drainage and elevation of the terrain should be adopted to lower the groundwater level;

[0062] b) Soil bulk density is greater than 1.4g / cm 3 2. For saline-alkali soils with a total porosity of less than 35%, physical improvement and application of organic matter should be used to improve soil structure and reduce salt content;

[0063] c) If the soil salt content is greater than 3g / kg, the salt content should be reduced by leaching, lowering the groundwater level and improving the soil;

[0064] d) If the pH value is greater than 8.5, chemical improvers or organic fertilizers should be used to lower the pH value;

[0065] e) For saline-alkali soils where evaporation is greater than precipitation, measures such as lowering groundwater or covering with biofilm should be taken to reduce evaporation.

[0066] According to the saline-alkali soil on site and the classification and improvement standards, the laboratory samples and tests the soil bulk density, total porosity, and salt content parameters. Through experiments, the optimal matrix material, reaction material ratio, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the stirring times and reaction time indicators are determined. The entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software;

[0067] The reaction materials are:

[0068] Chemicals: desulfurized gypsum, gypsum, limestone, phosphogypsum, sulfur powder, black rock, coal gangue;

[0069] Organic materials: green waste, straw, decomposed cow dung, chicken manure;

[0070] Organisms and microorganisms: earthworms, microbial fertilizers;

[0071] Regulators that accelerate material reactions;

[0072] Formulate specific operation methods for industrial restoration production using landscaping material reaction systems;

[0073] Screening of local salt-tolerant plants, including

[0074] Trees: Casuarina, Oriental fir, Zhongshan fir, Canary date palm, Virginia oak, Fraxinus chinensis, American honey locust, Ailanthus altissima, Coral tree;

[0075] Shrubs: Tamarix, Amorpha, Lycium barbarum, Atriplex, Kochia scoparia;

[0076] Herbs: Sesbania, Melilotus, Alfalfa, Ground Chrysanthemum, Yellow Beard Herb;

[0077] Lawn: Setaria, Cynodon dactylon, Puccinellia koreana, Zoysia japonica;

[0078] Restore saline-alkali soil again and use it for planting green plants in large-scale garden projects;

[0079] Category 3: Greening waste, straw compost

[0080] Purpose: To utilize greening waste as resources and improve the technical level of greening waste reduction, resource utilization and harmless treatment.

[0081] Composting method: Greening waste, i.e. substrate material, is pre-treated and converted into stable humus suitable for the growth of gardening plants by using microbial fermentation and regulators to accelerate the reaction of materials under certain temperature, humidity, carbon-nitrogen ratio and ventilation conditions;

[0082] Greening waste should be collected by branches, rhizomes, fallen leaves, grass clippings and other plant waste, and should not be mixed with domestic waste and construction waste. Leaves, grass clippings and flowers that are easily degradable should be directly composted;

[0083] Refractory waste such as tree branches should be crushed to a particle size of no more than 3 cm, and particles less than 2 cm should account for more than 75% of the total; when rapid composting is required, the particle size should be less than 1 cm;

[0084] The optimal ratio of substrate materials and reaction materials, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, i.e. the number of stirring times and reaction time, are determined through experiments, and the entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software;

[0085] Formulate specific operation methods for industrial composting production using landscaping material reaction systems;

[0086] Step 3: General operation steps

[0087] The best ratio of substrate material and reaction material, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the stirring times and reaction time are determined by experiments and input into the computer software:

[0088] ② The mixed materials designed for mixing matrix materials and reaction materials at the excavation site must be mixed evenly and the sampling test must meet the requirements;

[0089] ③ Use an excavator to fill the evenly mixed material into the reaction tank layer by layer. After each layer is filled, use a bucket to flatten and compact it. Fill the ground in the shape of the pool cover until 20cm to 30cm is reserved on the top of the pool cover;

[0090] ④Lower the pool cover to cover the mixed material, and fix the bottom of the pool cover with bolts to prevent water and air leakage;

[0091] ⑤ Install a temperature and humidity meter, a barometer, a temperature and humidity regulating nozzle, a joint and an exhaust device on the pool cover;

[0092] ⑥ Detect the initial temperature, humidity and air pressure of the mixed material, and detect it on time according to the specific operation method, and use the external water spraying equipment to spray water as needed to adjust the temperature, humidity and air pressure of the mixed material reaction, and the computer software assists in manual adjustment and control of the entire reaction process;

[0093] When it is necessary to mix the materials, remove the thermometer, humidity meter, barometer, external water spraying equipment, joints, computer connection lines, and disconnect the exhaust device, lift the pool cover to the set position of the canopy and fix it;

[0094] The excavator stirs the mixed materials and if necessary, the mixed materials are temporarily piled on the site for mixing;

[0095] After the mixed material is stirred evenly, it is filled into the reaction pool layer by layer with an excavator again. After each layer is filled, it is flattened and compacted with a bucket. The ground is filled in the shape of the pool cover until 20cm to 30cm is reserved on the top of the pool cover;

[0096] Follow step 3⑥~ Repeat until the reaction result of the mixed material meets the design requirements, and follow the steps in step 3. ~ The mixed materials are unloaded from the reaction tank and transported to the construction site for trial planting of green plants or large-scale planting of green plants.

[0097] In the step three, the harmful substance content in the gas and water is checked in time according to the predetermined waste gas and wastewater emission standards, and the entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled with the assistance of computer software until the emission standards are met. The gas filter and water filter need to be replaced in time to achieve the expected filtering effect.

[0098] Compared with the prior art, the present invention mainly provides a landscaping material reaction system, which is mainly composed of a reaction pool built on a foundation, an exhaust device, a drain pipe, a multi-stage purification pool and an excavator, etc., and a special structural design and a formula for calculating the structural force are also performed on the reaction pool. When in use, the exhaust device is connected to the reaction pool and the multi-stage purification pool respectively, and the drain pipe is also connected to the reaction pool and the multi-stage purification pool respectively, and an exhaust valve and a water pump are provided on the multi-stage purification pool; in this way, the exhaust gas in the reaction pool can enter the multi-stage purification pool for purification through the exhaust device and then be discharged by the exhaust valve, and the waste water in the reaction pool can be discharged into the multi-stage purification pool for filtration through the drain pipe and then be pumped out by the water pump; therefore, the landscaping material reaction system designed as above has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, low cost, high efficiency and suitability for factory production. In addition, the landscaping material reaction system also has three characteristics: first, the optimal matrix material, reaction material including the ratio of the regulator, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, i.e., the number of stirring times, reaction time and other indicators are determined by experiment, and the entire reaction process is controlled manually by computer software, and the treatment measures are comprehensive; second, it can be used for soil containing heavy metals such as chromium, saline-alkali soil or soil containing other harmful substances to repair and improve and greening waste to transform fertilizer and other purposes; third, the system is reusable and has a high degree of automation, providing a method for industrial production for soil containing heavy metals such as chromium, saline-alkali soil repair and improvement and greening waste to transform fertilizer. Therefore, the present invention also has the characteristics of energy saving and emission reduction, ecological environmental protection, and combined with the corresponding operation method, it has high economic and social benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0099] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structural elevation of the present invention.

[0100] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA half-section top view.

[0101] Figure 3 Calculation diagram for earth pressure.

[0102] Figure 4 This is the force calculation diagram for bagged gravel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0103] The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the above-mentioned drawings.

[0104] like Figure 1~Figure 4As shown, 1. foundation, 2 reaction pool, 21. pool bottom, 211. water collection area, 212. water collection port, 22. geotextile, 23. fine sand, 24. bagged gravel, 241. second bagged gravel at the bottom of the slope, 242. third bagged gravel at the bottom of the slope, 25. bottom plate, 26. pool cover, 27. temperature and humidity meter, 28. barometer, 29. temperature and humidity regulating nozzle, 3. exhaust device, 31. exhaust pipe, 32. joint, 33. air storage box, 34. air filter, 35. booster pump, 4. multi-stage purification pool, 41. Sewage tank, 42. Clean water tank, 43. Water filter, 44. Water flow hole, 45. Exhaust valve, 46. Open and close air valve, 47. Ventilation pipe, 48. Water pipe, 49. Water pump, 5. Awning, 51. Embedded bolts, 52. Columns, 53. Beams, 54. Top rods, 55. Diagonal rods, 56. Shed surface, 57. Lifting ropes, 6. Materials, 7. Excavator, 8. Vertical and horizontal water pipes, 9. Drain pipe, 10. Water outlet main pipe, 11. Primary water outlet valve, 12. Secondary water outlet valve, 13. Open and close water valve, 14. Water outlet branch pipe.

[0105] A landscaping material reaction system and operation method, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, it is mainly used to provide an industrial production structure device and operation method for repairing and improving soil containing heavy metals such as chromium, saline-alkali soil and converting greening waste into fertilizer.

[0106] Among them, the landscaping material reaction system is mainly composed of a reaction tank 2 built on a foundation 1, an exhaust device 3, a drainage pipe 9, a multi-stage purification tank 4, a canopy 5, materials 6 filled in the reaction tank, and an excavator 7 for loading, unloading and mixing materials. The exhaust device 3 is respectively connected to the reaction tank 2 and the multi-stage purification tank 4, and the drainage pipe 9 is also respectively connected to the reaction tank 2 and the multi-stage purification tank 4.

[0107] The materials are divided into matrix materials and reaction materials. The matrix materials are soil containing harmful substances and greening waste, straw, etc. that can be converted into fertilizers. In the first category - chromium-contaminated soil remediation and the second category - saline-alkali soil improvement reactions, greening waste and straw are reaction materials. In the third category - greening waste and straw composting reactions, greening waste and straw are matrix materials. The soil containing harmful substances for garden greening plants is common soil containing heavy metals such as chromium and saline-alkali soil. The greening waste is branches, rhizomes, fallen leaves, grass clippings and other plant wastes produced during the growth or maintenance of greening plants. The reaction materials mainly refer to chemical reactants, organisms and microorganisms, regulators, etc. The chemicals react with the matrix materials to degrade the harmful substances in the matrix materials, which are chemical substances that are beneficial to the growth of greening plants in the soil. The organisms and microorganisms are such as earthworms and microbial fertilizers. The regulators are chemical substances that accelerate the harmlessness of matrix materials or the conversion of greening plants into fertilizers.

[0108] The material 6 is filled and stirred by the excavator 7 in the reaction tank 2 to undergo various physical, chemical and biological reactions. After the material 6 meets the requirements after a certain period of reaction, it is unloaded from the reaction tank and transported out of the reaction tank. The reaction tank 2 then continues the next cycle of filling-reaction-stirring-unloading.

[0109] The reaction pool 2 comprises a foundation pit which is small at the bottom and large at the top and is in an inverted shape, and a pool cover 26 which is lifted and sealed to cover the top of the foundation pit. The bottom of the foundation pit and the four side slopes are successively laid with anti-seepage geotextiles, geotextiles 22, fine sand 23, vertical and horizontal water pipes 8, bagged gravel 24 and a bottom plate 25. The pool cover 26 is provided with a temperature and humidity meter 27, a barometer 28, a temperature and humidity regulating nozzle 29 and a joint 32.

[0110] The slopes of the four sides of the reaction tank 2 are , composed of bagged gravel 24 horizontally cross-stacked to a height of , the slope force of excavator 7 is the largest when loading and unloading materials, and the crawler load of excavator 7 Use equivalent soil thickness Instead, in severe Under the active earth pressure of the foundation soil, the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope is subjected to the greatest force. The bag of gravel is subjected to force as a loose body. Assuming that the bag of gravel 24 is a flat rectangular parallelepiped, the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope per unit length is only subjected to the overlapping and shelved part of the third bag of gravel 242 at the bottom of the slope. Weight and the resulting horizontal friction The second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope is also subjected to its own weight. of and horizontal friction , and excavator 7 crawler load and height The earth pressure superposition is According to the mechanics of bulk materials, Rankine's earth pressure theory and the principle of force balance, the force on the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope is calculated by formula 1 and formula 2:

[0111] Formula 1:

[0112]

[0113] Formula 2:

[0114]

[0115]

[0116] The slopes on the four sides of the reaction tank 2 are The bagged gravel must meet the requirements of Formula 2 at the same time. If it cannot meet the requirements of Formula 2 at the same time, the slope ratio needs to be adjusted. , Bag gravel 24 specifications, Excavator 7 crawler load Until the design requirements are met;

[0117] The symbols in formula 1 and formula 2 are defined as:

[0118] - the width of a single bag of gravel 24, ;

[0119] - the thickness of a single bag of gravel 24, ;

[0120] ——The third bag of gravel 242 at the bottom of the slope is placed on top of the second bag of gravel 241 Partial Weight The center of gravity to the center of the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope The horizontal distance ;

[0121] ——The height from the bottom of the reaction tank 2 to the top of the four side slopes, ;

[0122] ——Excavator 7 crawler load The thickness of the equivalent soil, , ;

[0123] ——The second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope to the crawler load of excavator 7 The height of the top of the equivalent soil mass, ;

[0124] ——The third bag of gravel 242 at the bottom of the slope to the crawler load of excavator 7 The height of the top of the equivalent soil mass, ;

[0125] ——The weight of the bag of gravel 24 per unit length, that is, the weight of the second bag of gravel 241 per unit length at the bottom of the slope , ;

[0126] ——The third bag of gravel 242 at the bottom of the slope is placed on the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope The weight per unit length of the part, ;

[0127] ——Load per unit length of crawler track of excavator 7, ;

[0128] ——The horizontal earth pressure per unit length on the bottom of the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope, ;

[0129] ——The horizontal earth pressure per unit length on the top of the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope, ;

[0130] ——The top of the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope is subject to frictional resistance per unit length, ;

[0131] ——The second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope is subject to frictional resistance per unit length, ;

[0132] ——The anti-overturning coefficient of the second bag of gravel 241 unit length at the bottom of the slope, ;

[0133] ——The horizontal friction coefficient between the bagged gravel 24;

[0134] ——The density of the gravel in the bag of gravel 24, ;

[0135] - the weight of the foundation soil, ;

[0136] - cohesion of the foundation soil, ;

[0137] ——internal friction angle of foundation soil, ;

[0138] ——Coordinate variables from the bottom of the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope to the top of the second bag of gravel 241 at the bottom of the slope, .

[0139] The bottom 21 of the reaction pool 2 is paved with 10cm to 20cm of gravel, which is mechanically compacted and then paved with 5cm to 10cm of C20 plain concrete. The top surface of the plain concrete is provided with a drainage slope of 1% to 2% towards the drainage pipe, and the slopes of the four sides are , the slope is calculated and determined by formula 1 and formula 2.

[0140] The bottom 21 of the pit and the four side slopes of the reaction pool 2 is an anti-seepage geotextile, which is a polymer self-adhesive film waterproofing membrane with specifications of (length 18m~20m)×(width 2.2m~2.4m)×(thickness 1.5mm~2.0mm), good waterproofness, good flexibility and high strength, and is required to be impermeable for 30 minutes under a pressure of 0.3MPa; at the same time, the anti-seepage geotextile is also self-adhesive, that is, a layer of non-asphalt polymer self-adhesive layer is coated on one side of the membrane and pasted on the top surface of the plain concrete, with strong sealing and self-healing properties, effectively preventing water leakage, and can be in a viscoelastic state for a long time, ensuring the integrity and water resistance of the waterproof layer; the overlap width between the anti-seepage geotextiles is ≥10cm, and they are welded with a hot air welding gun. Each overlap seam is staggered and no cross seams are allowed.

[0141] A water collection port 212 is provided at the connection point between the pool bottom 21 and the drainage pipe 9. The range of 0.5m to 1m from the water collection port 212 to the vertical and horizontal water pipes 8 is used as a water collection area 211. The water collection area 211 collects and gathers all the infiltrated water produced by the reaction pool 2 including the vertical and horizontal water pipes 8. No vertical and horizontal water pipes 8 are provided in the water collection area 211. The water collection port 212 is then connected to the drainage pipe 9 without seepage or leakage to discharge all the infiltrated water produced by the reaction pool 2 to the multi-stage purification pool 4.

[0142] The geotextile 22 is made of filament fibers that are laid into a mesh through different equipment and processes, and then through processes such as needle punching to allow different fibers to be intertwined and entangled with each other to standardize the fabric, making the fabric soft, plump, thick, and stiff, and having excellent permeability, filterability, durability, and deformation adaptability.

[0143] The fine sand 23 has a mud content of less than 2% and has good filtering and drainage performance.

[0144] The vertical and horizontal water pipes 8 are several PVC pipes arranged in the reaction tank 2. The distance between each adjacent two vertical and horizontal water pipes 8 is 1m to 1.5m. The diameter of each vertical and horizontal water pipe 8 is 5cm to 10cm, and the wall thickness is 0.3cm to 0.5cm. The upper semicircle of the vertical and horizontal water pipes 8 is cross-drilled, with 3 to 5 holes per meter. They are laid on the bottom 21 of the reaction tank 2 including the geotextile 22 and fine sand 23, and are inclined along a drainage slope of 1% to 2% to make a water-free connection to the drainage pipe 9; the drainage pipe 9 is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 10cm to 15cm and a wall thickness of 0.4cm to 0.6cm, and the end is inserted into the water filter 43 of the sewage tank 41.

[0145] The bagged gravel 24 is filled with gravel in a geobag made of double-sided ironed non-woven fabric made of polypropylene (PP) or polyester fiber (PET) as raw materials. The geobag has dual functions of water permeability and filtration and strong tensile and compressive properties. The gravel is well graded, the maximum particle size is not more than 5 cm, and the mud content is less than 3%; the bagged gravel is stacked at the bottom of the reaction tank and on the slope, and the size after stacking is not less than 60 cm long × 40 cm wide × 30 cm high; the bagged gravel is composed of horizontally cross-stacked layers without vertical through seams, and the stacking seams are filled with gravel.

[0146] The bottom plate 25 is a plastic plate or a wooden plate, which plays a protective role in permeating the reaction water of the material and protecting the excavator bucket from directly scratching the bagged gravel. The plate thickness is 0.8cm-1.0cm, and the plate surface is drilled with water-permeable holes with a number of not less than 100 holes per square meter and a hole diameter of 0.5cm-0.6cm.

[0147] The pool cover 26 is also a water-proof geotextile that prevents water seepage and air leakage; the foundation 1 is provided with a canopy 5 built above the pool cover 26, and the pool cover 26 can be raised and lowered, so a suspension rope 57 is required on the canopy 5. When the material 6 is filled, stirred and unloaded from the reaction tank 2, it can be lifted and suspended by the suspension rope 57 arranged on the canopy 5, and the lowest point of the lifted and suspended pool cover 26 does not hinder the work of the excavator 7; screw holes are arranged around the bottom of the pool cover 26, and each screw hole corresponds to the embedded bolts 51 on the foundation 1. After the material 6 is filled, it is fixedly connected by the embedded bolts 51, thereby forming a cover seal between the pool cover 26 and the top of the foundation pit.

[0148] The temperature and humidity meter 27 and the barometer 28 provided on the pool cover 26 are instruments for detecting the temperature, humidity and pressure of the material 6 in the reaction pool 2. The number and installation positions of the temperature and humidity meter 27 and the barometer 28 are intended to comprehensively detect the physical conditions of the material reaction. The reaction pool 2 has a top projection of 100m 2The number of the temperature and humidity meters 27 and the barometers 28 is 3 to 5, and they are installed on the top of the pool cover 26 or between the top of the pool cover and the ground; the temperature and humidity meters 27 and the barometers 28 are connected to the computer by wire or wirelessly to record the detection data in real time; the temperature and humidity adjustment nozzle 29 is set on the top of the pool cover 26. According to the detection data of the temperature and humidity meter, the computer controls the spraying of warm water as needed and adjusts the reaction temperature and humidity of the materials in the reaction pool, so that the material 6 can achieve the best reaction effect.

[0149] The canopy 5 is made of metal or plastic, and consists of a frame structure consisting of columns 52, cross beams 53, top rods 54, and diagonal rods 55, and an inclined canopy panel is installed on the diagonal rods. The bottom of the column 52 is fixed by a concrete foundation cast on the foundation 1, and the bolts for fixing the bottom of the pool cover 26 are also pre-buried in the concrete foundation. The canopy surface 56 covers the entire plane of the reaction pool 2 and is located a certain height above the top surface of the pool cover 26 after the material 6 is filled. A lifting rope 57 is set on the diagonal rod 55 of the canopy 5 to lift the pool cover 26. When the pool cover 26 is lifted and suspended, the lowest point does not hinder the excavator 7 from filling, mixing and unloading the material 6.

[0150] The excavator 7 is a fully hydraulic excavator, which is used for the cyclic work of filling, stirring and unloading the material 6 in the reaction tank 2. The arm length of the excavator 7 when the bucket closest to the reaction tank 2 is fully extended is not less than half the width of the cross section of the reaction tank. The excavator 7 performs material filling, stirring and unloading operations along the edge of the reaction tank. The total weight of the excavator 7 is the excavator crawler load. Meet the stability requirements of the reaction pool slope.

[0151] The exhaust device 3 includes an air storage box 33, an air filter 34 in the air storage box and a booster pump 35 installed on the air storage box. The air storage box 33 is connected to the joint 32 on the pool cover 26 through the exhaust pipe 31, that is, it is connected to the reaction pool 2 for discharging the waste gas generated by the reaction of the material 6 in the reaction pool, and is also connected to the water filter 43 of the multi-stage purification pool 4 through the exhaust pipe 31; the air storage box 33 is a closed box made of metal or plastic, and the box is filled with a physical adsorption air filter such as activated carbon, and the harmful waste gas generated by the reaction of the material 6 in the reaction pool 2 is adsorbed and purified. After being pressurized by the booster pump 35, it enters the water filter 43 of the sewage pool 41 in the multi-stage purification pool 4 through the exhaust pipe 31 for further purification. If the emission standard has been met, it can be discharged through the exhaust valve 45; the air filter 34 needs to be replaced regularly, and the replaced air filter 34 needs to be harmlessly treated before it can be discarded.

[0152] The multi-stage purification pool 4 is composed of a plurality of purification pool units with the same structure and a closed design connected in series in sequence. Each purification pool unit is composed of a sewage pool 41 and a clean water pool 42. A water filter 43 is provided in the sewage pool 41. An exhaust valve 45 and a vent pipe 47 are provided on the top of the sewage pool 41. A water flow hole 44 is provided between the tops of the sewage pool 41 and the clean water pool 42. A water pipe 48 is provided on the top of the clean water pool 42. The vent pipe 47 on the top of each sewage pool 41 is connected to In the water filter body 43 of the adjacent sewage pool 41, the water pipe 48 at the top of each clean water pool 42 is connected to the water filter body 43 of the adjacent sewage pool 41, each ventilation pipe 47 is provided with an opening and closing air valve 46, and each water pipe 48 is provided with an opening and closing water valve 13. The clean water pools 42 of the multi-stage purification pool 4 are respectively connected to the water outlet main pipe 10 through the water outlet branch pipe 14, and then connected to the water pump 49 by the water outlet main pipe. A water outlet valve is set on each water outlet branch pipe 14 for opening and closing. Figure 1 As shown, a first-stage outlet valve 11 can be provided on the outlet branch pipe 14 of the first-stage purification tank, and a second-stage outlet valve 12 can be provided on the outlet branch pipe 14 of the second-stage purification tank; and so on, the outlet branch pipe 14 of each stage of the purification tank needs to be individually provided with an outlet valve and individually controlled to be opened and closed.

[0153] The water filter 43 is a diatomaceous earth physical adsorption filter. The filtered water seeps out from the top surface of the water filter 43 and flows into the clean water tank 42 through the water flow hole 44. After passing the inspection, it is pumped out by the water pump 49. The water filter 43 also needs to be replaced regularly, and the replaced water filter needs to be harmlessly treated before it can be discarded.

[0154] The present invention Figure 1 Taking the secondary purification tank shown as an example, the exhaust process and the drainage process involved in the reaction system are described in detail.

[0155] The specific working process is as follows: the waste gas generated in the reaction pool 2 enters the air storage box 33 through the exhaust pipe 31 and is purified by the air filter 34, and then is pressurized by the booster pump 35 and enters the water filter 43 in the sewage pool 41 of the first-stage purification pool through the exhaust pipe 31 for further purification. When the gas inspection is qualified, it is only necessary to directly open the exhaust valve 45 at the top of the sewage pool 41 in the first-stage purification pool to discharge it. At this time, it is necessary to ensure that the opening and closing air valve 46 on the ventilation pipe 47 is in a closed state; if the gas detection is unqualified, the exhaust valve 45 at the top of the sewage pool 41 in the first-stage purification pool is closed and the opening and closing air valve 46 on the ventilation pipe 47 is opened, so that the gas in the first-stage purification pool enters the water filter 43 in the sewage pool 41 of the second-stage purification pool through the ventilation pipe 47 for purification again. Once the gas detection is qualified, it is only necessary to directly open the exhaust valve 45 at the top of the sewage pool 41 in the second-stage purification pool to discharge it. Similarly, if the secondary purification pool still cannot meet the gas purification requirements, then add a tertiary purification pool or a quaternary purification pool, and so on, and continue to operate in this way until the gas is purified to the point where it passes the inspection and meets the discharge requirements.

[0156] The wastewater generated in the reaction tank 2 enters the water filter 43 in the sewage tank 41 of the first-stage purification tank through the drainage pipe 9 for filtration, and the filtered water in the sewage tank 41 enters the clean water tank 42 of the first-stage purification tank through the water flow hole 44. If the water body is qualified, the first-stage water outlet valve 11 needs to be opened, and the second-stage water outlet valve 12 and the opening and closing water valve 13 need to be closed at the same time. At this time, it is only necessary to start the pump 49 through the water outlet branch pipe 14 in the first-stage purification tank to pump out the water in the clean water tank 42 of the first-stage purification tank for plant maintenance or other uses; if the water body in the clean water tank 42 of the first-stage purification tank is qualified, If the test fails, the water valve 13 needs to be opened to allow the water in the clean water tank 42 of the first-stage purification tank to enter the water filter 43 in the sewage tank 41 of the second-stage purification tank through the water pipe 48 for re-filtration, and then the filtered water in the sewage tank 41 of the second-stage purification tank enters the clean water tank 42 of the second-stage purification tank through the water flow hole 44. At this time, once the water body is tested to be qualified, it is only necessary to close the first-stage water outlet valve 11 and open the second-stage water outlet valve 12, and start the pump 49 to extract the water in the clean water tank 42 of the second-stage purification tank through the outlet branch pipe 14 in the second-stage purification tank for plant maintenance or other uses. Similarly, if the second-stage purification tank still cannot meet the water filtration requirements, it will be increased to a third-stage purification tank or a fourth-stage purification tank, and it is only necessary to operate in this way until the water body is filtered and meets the test requirements and can be extracted for use.

[0157] Obviously, the number of stages of the multi-stage purification pool 4 is selected according to actual usage. The more stages there are, the better the gas purification effect and water filtering effect are. The various valves involved in the multi-stage purification pool 4 are centrally controlled to open and close through computer control software.

[0158] In addition, the operation method of the landscaping material reaction system mainly includes the following steps:

[0159] Step 1: Draft the structural dimensions of each part of the landscaping material reaction system

[0160] According to the terrain and geological drilling data, the structural dimensions and layout of each part of the landscaping material reaction system are initially planned, and the engineering materials and mechanical equipment are selected, and the computer control software is compiled and debugged to be qualified;

[0161] Calculate and verify the slopes of the four sides of the reaction tank 2 using formula 1 and formula 2. If the requirements of formula 2 cannot be met, the slope ratio can be adjusted. , Bag gravel 24 specifications, Excavator 7 crawler load And so on until the design requirements are met.

[0162] ③ After the structural dimensions of each part of the landscaping material reaction system are calculated to meet the requirements of Formula 2, the construction of the landscaping material reaction system is organized, and tests are carried out to ensure that it meets the design requirements;

[0163] Step 2: Classify and select the corresponding operation method according to the matrix material

[0164] Category 1: Remediation of chromium-contaminated soil

[0165] Purpose: To reduce hexavalent chromium in chromium-containing matrix materials to trivalent chromium and fix it.

[0166] Remediation methods: One is to change the form of chromium in the soil, that is, to reduce hexavalent chromium ions to trivalent ions, to reduce the mobility and biological activity of chromium in the soil environment, and thus achieve stabilization of chromium in the soil; the other is to change the medium in which chromium exists in the soil, to transfer chromium from the contaminated soil to other media, such as solutions, plants, etc., to remove chromium from the soil environment. Based on the above two treatment approaches, soil remediation technology can be divided into physical remediation, chemical remediation, and biological remediation in principle.

[0167] Conduct a survey on the status of chromium-contaminated areas, i.e., chromium-containing matrix materials, to find out the scope of soil pollution and the distribution of pollutants in the survey area, sample and test the soil pH value and chromium content parameters, and determine the remediation target, i.e., to meet the national greening plant soil quality standards;

[0168] The laboratory sampling test uses different proportions of reaction materials. The reaction materials and regulators convert hexavalent chromium in the soil into trivalent chromium. The conversion effect on hexavalent chromium is tested to determine the best ratio of matrix materials, reaction materials and regulators, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the number of stirring times and reaction time indicators. The entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software;

[0169] Reaction materials: green waste, straw, organisms and microorganisms such as earthworms, BYM bacteria, and regulators that accelerate material reactions;

[0170] Formulate specific operation methods for industrial restoration production using landscaping material reaction systems;

[0171] Select local chromium-enriched plants such as Li's grass, tall fescue, Paspalum distachyon, dandelion, wild amaranth and other plants to repair chromium-contaminated soil again, and then use them for planting green plants in large-scale garden projects;

[0172] Category 2: Saline-alkali soil improvement

[0173] Purpose: To reduce soil salinity, increase the survival rate of plants in saline-alkali areas, enhance the landscape effect of saline-alkali land greening, and promote the sustainable development of ecological environment construction.

[0174] Restoration method: In view of the adverse properties of saline-alkali soil, that is, the matrix material of saline-alkali soil, take corresponding engineering water conservancy, physical, chemical and biological measures to improve soil properties and plant growth environment conditions.

[0175] Investigate the distribution of saline-alkali soils and develop standards for classification and treatment:

[0176] a) For saline-alkali soils where the groundwater level is higher than the critical depth of groundwater, drainage and elevation of the terrain should be adopted to lower the groundwater level;

[0177] b) Soil bulk density is greater than 1.4 g / cm 3 2. For saline-alkali soils with a total porosity of less than 35%, physical improvement and application of organic matter should be used to improve soil structure and reduce salt content;

[0178] c) If the soil salt content is greater than 3g / kg, the salt content should be reduced by leaching, lowering the groundwater level and improving the soil;

[0179] d) If the pH value is greater than 8.5, chemical improvers or organic fertilizers should be used to lower the pH value;

[0180] e) For saline-alkali soils where evaporation is greater than precipitation, measures such as lowering groundwater or covering with biofilm should be taken to reduce evaporation.

[0181] According to the saline-alkali soil on site and the classification and improvement standards, the laboratory samples and tests the soil bulk density, total porosity, and salt content parameters. Through experiments, the optimal matrix material, reaction material ratio, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the stirring times and reaction time indicators are determined. The entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software;

[0182] The reaction materials are:

[0183] Chemicals: desulfurized gypsum, gypsum, limestone, phosphogypsum, sulfur powder, black rock, coal gangue, etc.;

[0184] Organic materials: greening waste, straw, decomposed cow dung, chicken manure, etc.;

[0185] Organisms and microorganisms: earthworms, microbial fertilizers;

[0186] Regulators that accelerate material reactions;

[0187] Formulate specific operation methods for industrial restoration production using landscaping material reaction systems;

[0188] Screening of local salt-tolerant plants, such as

[0189] Trees: Casuarina, Oriental fir, Zhongshan fir, Canary date palm, Virginia oak, Fraxinus chinensis, American honey locust, Ailanthus altissima, coral tree, etc.

[0190] Shrubs: Tamarix, Amorpha, Lycium barbarum, Atriplex, Kochia scoparia, etc.;

[0191] Herbs: Sesbania, sweet clover, alfalfa, ground cover chrysanthemum, yellow beard grass, etc.

[0192] Lawn: Setaria, Cynodon dactylon, Puccinellia koreana, Zoysia japonica, etc.

[0193] Restore saline-alkali soil again and use it for planting green plants in large-scale garden projects;

[0194] Category 3: Greening waste, straw compost

[0195] Purpose: To utilize greening waste as resources and improve the technical level of greening waste reduction, resource utilization and harmless treatment.

[0196] Composting method: Greening waste, i.e. substrate material, is pre-treated and converted into stable humus suitable for the growth of gardening plants by using microbial fermentation and regulators to accelerate the reaction of materials under certain temperature, humidity, carbon-nitrogen ratio and ventilation conditions;

[0197] Greening waste should be collected by classification according to branches, rhizomes, fallen leaves, grass clippings and other plant waste, and should not be mixed with domestic waste and construction waste. Degradable waste such as leaves, grass clippings and flowers can be directly composted;

[0198] Refractory waste such as tree branches should be crushed to a particle size of no more than 3 cm, and particles less than 2 cm should account for more than 75% of the total; when rapid composting is required, the particle size should be less than 1 cm.

[0199] The optimal ratio of substrate materials and reaction materials, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, i.e. the number of stirring times and reaction time, are determined through experiments, and the entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software;

[0200] Formulate specific operation methods for industrial composting production using landscaping material reaction systems;

[0201] Step 3: General operation steps

[0202] The best ratio of substrate material and reaction material, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the stirring times and reaction time are determined by experiments and input into the computer software:

[0203] ② The mixed materials designed for mixing matrix materials and reaction materials at the excavation site must be mixed evenly and the sampling test must meet the requirements;

[0204] ③ Use an excavator to fill the evenly mixed material into the reaction tank layer by layer. After each layer is filled, use a bucket to flatten and compact it. Fill the ground in the shape of the pool cover until 20cm to 30cm is reserved on the top of the pool cover;

[0205] ④Lower the pool cover to cover the mixed material, and fix the bottom of the pool cover with bolts to prevent water and air leakage;

[0206] ⑤ Install a temperature and humidity meter, a barometer, a temperature and humidity regulating nozzle, a joint and an exhaust device on the pool cover;

[0207] ⑥ Detect the initial temperature, humidity and air pressure of the mixed material, and detect it on time according to the specific operation method, and use the external water spraying equipment to spray water as needed to adjust the temperature, humidity and air pressure of the mixed material reaction, and the computer software assists in manual adjustment and control of the entire reaction process;

[0208] When it is necessary to mix the materials, remove the thermometer, humidity meter, barometer, external water spraying equipment, joints, computer connection lines, and disconnect the exhaust device, lift the pool cover to the set position of the canopy and fix it;

[0209] The excavator stirs the mixed materials, and if necessary, the mixed materials can be temporarily piled on the site for stirring;

[0210] After the mixed material is stirred evenly, it is filled into the reaction pool layer by layer with an excavator again. After each layer is filled, it is flattened and compacted with a bucket. The ground is filled in the shape of the pool cover until 20cm to 30cm is reserved on the top of the pool cover;

[0211] Follow step 3⑥~ Repeat until the reaction result of the mixed material meets the design requirements, and then follow the steps in step 3. ~ The mixed material is unloaded from the reaction tank and transported to the construction site for trial planting of green plants or large-scale planting of green plants.

[0212] In step three, according to the predetermined gas and sewage emission standards, the harmful substance content in the gas and water is checked in time, and the entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled with the assistance of computer software until the emission standards are met. The gas filter 34 and the water filter 43 also need to be replaced in time to achieve the expected filtering effect.

[0213] The embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. It should also be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A landscaping material reaction system, comprising a reaction pool (2) built on a foundation (1), an exhaust device (3), a drainage pipe (9) and a multi-stage purification pool (4), wherein the reaction pool (2) is filled with material (6), characterized in that The reaction pool (2) comprises a foundation pit with a lower portion being smaller than the upper portion and a pool cover (26) which is sealed and lifted to cover the top of the foundation pit. The bottom of the foundation pit and the four side slopes are successively paved with anti-seepage geotextile rolls, geotextiles (22), fine sand (23), vertical and horizontal water pipes (8), bagged gravel (24) and a bottom plate (25). The pool cover (26) is provided with a temperature and humidity meter (27), a barometer (28) and a temperature and humidity regulating nozzle (29). The reaction pool (2) is provided with an excavator (7) for loading, unloading and mixing materials outside. The exhaust device ( 3) are respectively connected to the reaction pool (2) and the multi-stage purification pool (4); the drainage pipe (9) is also respectively connected to the reaction pool (2) and the multi-stage purification pool (4); the multi-stage purification pool (4) is provided with an exhaust valve (45) and a pump (49); the exhaust gas in the reaction pool (2) is discharged into the multi-stage purification pool (4) through the exhaust device (3) and is purified and then discharged by the exhaust valve (45); the waste water in the reaction pool (2) is discharged into the multi-stage purification pool (4) through the drainage pipe (9) and is filtered and then pumped out by the pump (49); the slopes on the four sides of the reaction pool (2) are , which is composed of bagged gravel (24) stacked horizontally and cross-layered to a height of , the excavator (7) is subjected to the greatest force on the slope when loading and unloading materials, and the crawler load of the excavator (7) Use equivalent soil thickness Instead, in severe Under the active earth pressure of the foundation soil, the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope is subjected to the greatest force. The bag of gravel is subjected to force as a loose body. Assuming that the bag of gravel (24) is a flat rectangular parallelepiped, the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope per unit length is only subjected to the overlapping and shelved part of the third bag of gravel (242) at the bottom of the slope. Weight and the resulting horizontal friction The second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope is also subjected to its own weight of of and horizontal friction , and excavator (7) crawler load and height The earth pressure superposition is According to the mechanics of bulk materials, Rankine's earth pressure theory and the principle of force balance, the force on the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope is calculated by formula 1 and formula 2: Formula 1: Formula 2: The slopes on the four sides of the reaction tank (2) are The bagged gravel must meet the requirements of Formula 2 at the same time. If it cannot meet the requirements of Formula 2 at the same time, the slope ratio needs to be adjusted. 、Bag gravel (24) specifications and dimensions、Excavator (7) crawler load Until the design requirements are met; The symbols in formula 1 and formula 2 are defined as: - width of a single bag of gravel (24), ; - the thickness of a single bag of gravel (24), ; - The third bag of gravel (242) at the bottom of the slope is placed on top of the second bag of gravel (241). Partial Weight The center of gravity of the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope The horizontal distance ; ——the height from the bottom of the reaction tank (2) to the top of the four side slopes, ; ——Excavator (7) Track load The thickness of the equivalent soil, , ; - Load from the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope to the crawler tracks of the excavator (7) The height of the top of the equivalent soil mass, ; —— Load from the third bag of gravel (242) at the bottom of the slope to the crawler tracks of the excavator (7) The height of the top of the equivalent soil mass, ; ——The weight of the bag of gravel (24) per unit length, that is, the weight of the second bag of gravel (241) per unit length at the bottom of the slope , ; - The third bag of gravel (242) at the bottom of the slope is placed on the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope The weight per unit length of the part, ; - load per unit length of crawler track for excavators (7), ; ——horizontal earth pressure per unit length on the bottom of the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope, ; ——horizontal earth pressure per unit length on the top of the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope, ; ——The second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope is subject to frictional resistance per unit length, ; ——The second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope is subject to frictional resistance per unit length, ; ——the anti-overturning coefficient per unit length of the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope, ; - horizontal friction coefficient between the bagged gravel (24); - the density of the gravel in the bag (24), ; - the weight of the foundation soil, ; - cohesion of the foundation soil, ; ——internal friction angle of foundation soil, ; ——The coordinate variable from the bottom of the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope to the top of the second bag of gravel (241) at the bottom of the slope, .

2. A landscaping material reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that The bottom (21) of the reaction pool (2) is paved with 10 cm to 20 cm of gravel, which is mechanically compacted and then paved with 5 cm to 10 cm of C20 plain concrete. The top surface of the plain concrete is provided with a drainage slope of 1% to 2% towards the drainage pipe (9). The slopes on the four sides are , the slope is determined by formula 1 and formula 2; the bagged gravel (24) is filled with gravel in a geobag made of double-sided ironed non-woven fabric made of polypropylene (PP) or polyester fiber (PET) as raw materials, the geobag has dual functions of water permeability and filtration and strong tensile and compressive resistance, the gravel is well graded, the maximum particle size is not more than 5 cm, and the mud content is less than 3%; the bagged gravel (24) is stacked at the bottom and slope of the reaction tank (2), and the size after stacking is not less than 60 cm long × 40 cm wide × 30 cm high; the bagged gravel (24) is composed of horizontally cross-stacked layers, without vertical through seams, and the stacking seams are filled with gravel.

3. A landscaping material reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that The foundation (1) is provided with a canopy (5) built above the pool cover (26), and the canopy is provided with a lifting rope (57) for lifting the pool cover (26) and hanging it in place, and the lowest point of the lifted, hung and fixed pool cover (26) does not hinder the excavator (7) from filling, loading, unloading and stirring the material (6) in the reaction tank (2); screw holes are provided around the bottom of the pool cover (26), and each screw hole is connected to a corresponding embedded bolt (51) on the foundation (1), thereby forming a cover seal between the pool cover (26) and the top of the foundation pit.

4. A landscaping material reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that The number and installation positions of the temperature and humidity meter (27) and the barometer (28) are intended to comprehensively detect the physical conditions of the material reaction. The top view projection of the reaction pool (2) is 100m 2 The number of the temperature and humidity meters (27) and the barometers (28) is 3 to 5, and they are installed on the top of the pool cover (26) or between the top of the pool cover (26) and the ground. The temperature and humidity meters (27) and the barometers (28) are connected to the computer by wire or wirelessly to record the detection data in real time. The temperature and humidity adjustment nozzle (29) is arranged on the top of the pool cover (26). According to the detection data of the temperature and humidity meters (27), the computer controls the spraying of warm water as needed and adjusts the reaction temperature and humidity of the materials in the reaction pool, so that the materials achieve the best reaction effect.

5. A landscaping material reaction system according to claim 1, characterized in that The multi-stage purification pool (4) is composed of a plurality of purification pool units with the same structure connected in series in sequence, each purification pool unit is composed of a sewage pool (41) and a clean water pool (42), a water filter (43) is provided in the sewage pool (41), an exhaust valve (45) and a vent pipe (47) are provided at the top of the sewage pool (41), a water flow hole (44) is provided between the top of the sewage pool (41) and the clean water pool (42), and a water pipe (48) is provided at the top of the clean water pool (42); the vent pipe (47) at the top of each sewage pool (41) is connected to the adjacent sewage pool (41), and the vent pipe (47) is connected to the adjacent sewage pool (41). ) in a water filter body (43); the water pipe (48) at the top of each of the clean water tanks (42) is connected to the water filter body (43) of the adjacent sewage tank (41); each of the ventilation pipes (47) is provided with an opening and closing air valve (46); each of the water pipes (48) is provided with an opening and closing water valve (13), and the clean water tanks (42) of the multi-stage purification tank (4) are respectively connected to the water outlet main pipe (10) through the water outlet branch pipe (14), and then connected to the water pump (49) through the water outlet main pipe, and each of the water outlet branch pipes (14) is provided with a water outlet valve for opening and closing.

6. A landscaping material reaction system according to claim 5, characterized in that The exhaust device (3) comprises an air storage box (33), an air filter (34) in the air storage box, and a booster pump (35) mounted on the air storage box. The air storage box (33) is connected to the reaction pool (2) and the multi-stage purification pool (4) via an exhaust pipe (31). The air storage box (33) is a closed box made of metal or plastic. The air filter (34) is an activated carbon type physical adsorption air filter filled in the air storage box (33). The air filter adsorbs and purifies the waste gas generated by the reaction of the material (6) in the reaction pool (2). After being pressurized by the booster pump (35), the waste gas enters the water filter (43) of the sewage pool (41) in the multi-stage purification pool (4) through the exhaust pipe (31) for further purification, and is discharged from the exhaust valve (45) after meeting the emission standards.

7. A landscaping material reaction system according to claim 5, characterized in that The reaction pool (2) is provided with a plurality of vertical and horizontal water pipes (8), which are PVC pipes. The spacing between each two adjacent vertical and horizontal water pipes (8) is 1m to 1.5m. The diameter of each vertical and horizontal water pipe (8) is 5cm to 10cm, and the wall thickness is 0.3cm to 0.5cm. The upper semicircle of the vertical and horizontal water pipes (8) is cross-drilled, with 3 to 5 holes per meter. The vertical and horizontal water pipes (8) are laid on the bottom of the reaction pool (2) including the geotextile (22) and the fine sand (23), and are inclined toward the water collection port (212) along a drainage slope of 1% to 2%. The 0.5m to 1m from the water collection port to the vertical and horizontal water pipes is used as a water collection area (211), and the water collection area collects and collects All the infiltration water generated by the reaction pool (2) including the vertical and horizontal water pipes (8) is collected. The vertical and horizontal water pipes (8) are not provided in the water collection area (211). The water collection port (212) is connected to the drainage pipe (9) without leakage. The drainage pipe (9) is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 10 cm to 15 cm and a wall thickness of 0.4 cm to 0.6 cm. The end thereof penetrates into the water filter (43) of the sewage pool (41). The water filter (43) is a diatomaceous earth physical adsorption filter. The filtered water seeps out from the top surface of the water filter and flows into the clean water pool (42) through the water flow hole (44). After passing the inspection, the water is pumped out by the water pump (49).

8. An operating method of a landscaping material reaction system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that The operation method includes the following steps: Step 1: Draft the structural dimensions of each part of the landscaping material reaction system ① Based on the terrain and geological drilling data, initially plan the structural dimensions, layout form and engineering materials and mechanical equipment of each part of the landscaping material reaction system, compile computer control software and pass the debugging; ② Calculate and verify the slopes of the four sides of the reaction tank (2) using Formula 1 and Formula 2. If the requirements of formula 2 cannot be met, adjust the slope ratio , Bag gravel size, Excavator track load Until the design requirements are met; ③ After the structural dimensions of each part of the landscaping material reaction system are calculated to meet the requirements of Formula 2, the construction of the landscaping material reaction system is organized, and tests are carried out to ensure that it meets the design requirements; Step 2: Select the corresponding operation method according to the matrix material classification Category 1: Remediation of chromium-contaminated soil Purpose: To reduce hexavalent chromium in chromium-containing matrix materials to trivalent chromium and fix it; Restoration methods: One is to change the form of chromium in the soil, that is, to reduce hexavalent chromium ions to trivalent ions, so as to reduce the mobility and biological activity of chromium in the soil environment, thereby achieving stabilization of chromium in the soil; The other is to change the medium in which chromium exists in the soil, transferring chromium from the contaminated soil to other media, that is, removing chromium from the soil environment; According to the above two treatment approaches, soil remediation technology is divided into physical remediation, chemical remediation and biological remediation in principle; ① Conduct a survey on the status of chromium-contaminated areas, i.e., chromium-containing matrix materials, to find out the scope of soil pollution and the distribution of pollutants in the survey area, sample and test the soil pH value and chromium content parameters, and determine the remediation target, i.e., to meet the national greening plant soil quality standards; ② Laboratory sampling tests use different proportions of reaction materials. The reaction materials and regulators convert hexavalent chromium in the soil into trivalent chromium. The conversion effect on hexavalent chromium is tested to determine the best ratio of matrix materials, reaction materials and regulators, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the number of stirring times and reaction time indicators. The entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software; Reaction materials: green waste, straw, organisms and microorganisms, and regulators to accelerate material reactions; ③ Formulate specific operation methods for industrial restoration production using the landscaping material reaction system; ④ Select local chromium-enriched plants to repair chromium-contaminated soil, and then use them for planting green plants in large-scale garden projects; Category 2: Saline-alkali soil improvement Purpose: To reduce soil salinity, increase the survival rate of plants in saline-alkali areas, enhance the landscape effect of greening saline-alkali land, and promote the sustainable development of ecological environment construction; Restoration method: In view of the adverse properties of saline-alkali soil, i.e. the matrix material of saline-alkali soil, corresponding engineering water conservancy, physical, chemical and biological measures are taken to improve soil properties and plant growth environment conditions; ① Investigate the distribution of saline-alkali soils and formulate standards for classification and treatment: a) For saline-alkali soils where the groundwater level is higher than the critical depth of groundwater, drainage and elevation of the terrain should be adopted to lower the groundwater level; b) Soil bulk density is greater than 1.4g / cm 3 2. For saline-alkali soils with a total porosity of less than 35%, physical improvement and application of organic matter should be used to improve soil structure and reduce salt content; c) If the soil salt content is greater than 3g / kg, the salt content should be reduced by leaching, lowering the groundwater level and improving the soil; d) If the pH value is greater than 8.5, chemical improvers or organic fertilizers should be used to lower the pH value; e) For saline-alkali soils where evaporation is greater than precipitation, measures should be taken to reduce groundwater or cover with biofilm to reduce evaporation; ② According to the saline-alkali soil on site and the classification and treatment improvement standards, the laboratory samples and tests the parameters of soil bulk density, total porosity, and salt content. Through experiments, the optimal ratio of matrix materials and reaction materials, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the number of stirring times and reaction time indicators are determined, and the entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled by computer software; The reaction materials are: Chemicals: desulfurized gypsum, gypsum, limestone, phosphogypsum, sulfur powder, black rock, coal gangue; Organic materials: green waste, straw, decomposed cow dung, chicken manure; Organisms and microorganisms: earthworms, microbial fertilizers; Regulators that accelerate material reactions; ③ Formulate specific operation methods for industrial restoration production using the landscaping material reaction system; ④ Screening of local salt-tolerant plants, including Trees: Casuarina, Oriental fir, Zhongshan fir, Canary date palm, Virginia oak, Fraxinus chinensis, American honey locust, Ailanthus altissima, Coral tree; Shrubs: Tamarix, Amorpha, Lycium barbarum, Atriplex, Kochia scoparia; Herbs: Sesbania, Melilotus, Alfalfa, Ground Chrysanthemum, Yellow Beard Herb; Lawn: Setaria, Cynodon dactylon, Puccinellia koreana, Zoysia japonica; Restore saline-alkali soil again and use it for planting green plants in large-scale garden projects; Category 3: Greening waste, straw compost Purpose: To utilize greening waste as resources and improve the technical level of greening waste reduction, resource utilization and harmless treatment; Composting method: Greening waste, i.e. substrate material, is pre-treated and converted into stable humus suitable for the growth of gardening plants by using microbial fermentation and regulators to accelerate the reaction of materials under certain temperature, humidity, carbon-nitrogen ratio and ventilation conditions; ① Greening waste should be collected by classification according to branches, rhizomes, fallen leaves, grass clippings and other plant waste, and should not be collected together with domestic waste and construction waste. Leaves, grass clippings and flowers that are easily degradable should be directly composted; ② Refractory wastes such as tree branches should be crushed to a particle size of no more than 3 cm, and particles less than 2 cm should account for more than 75% of the total; when rapid composting is required, the particle size should be less than 1 cm; ③ Determine the best ratio of matrix materials and reaction materials, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the number of stirring times and reaction time through experiments, and manually adjust and control the entire reaction process with the assistance of computer software; ④ Formulate specific operation methods for industrial composting production using the landscaping material reaction system; Step 3: General operation steps ① Determine the best ratio of substrate material and reaction material, temperature, humidity, pressure, moisture content, uniformity, that is, the stirring times and reaction time through experiments, and input them into the computer software: ② The mixed materials designed for mixing matrix materials and reaction materials at the excavation site must be mixed evenly and the sampling test must meet the requirements; ③ Use an excavator to fill the evenly mixed material into the reaction tank layer by layer. After each layer is filled, use a bucket to flatten and compact it. Fill the ground in the shape of the pool cover until 20cm to 30cm is reserved on the top of the pool cover; ④Lower the pool cover to cover the mixed material, and fix the bottom of the pool cover with bolts to prevent water and air leakage; ⑤ Install a temperature and humidity meter, a barometer, a temperature and humidity regulating nozzle, a joint and an exhaust device on the pool cover; ⑥ Detect the initial temperature, humidity and air pressure of the mixed material, and detect it on time according to the specific operation method, and use the external water spraying equipment to spray water as needed to adjust the temperature, humidity and air pressure of the mixed material reaction, and the computer software assists in manual adjustment and control of the entire reaction process; ⑦ When it is necessary to mix the materials, remove the temperature and humidity meter, barometer, external water spray equipment, joints, computer connection lines and disconnect the exhaust device, lift the pool cover to the set position of the canopy (5) and fix it; ⑧ The excavator stirs the mixed materials and if necessary, the mixed materials are temporarily piled on the site for stirring; ⑨ After the mixed material is stirred evenly, it is again filled into the reaction tank layer by layer using an excavator. After each layer is filled, it is flattened and compacted with a bucket. The surface above the ground is filled in the shape of the tank cover until 20 cm to 30 cm is reserved on the top of the tank cover (26); ⑩ Follow steps ⑥ to ⑨ of step 3 and repeat until the reaction result of the mixed material meets the design requirements, and discharge the mixed material from the reaction tank according to steps ⑦ to ⑧ of step 3 and transport it to the construction site for trial planting of green plants or large-scale planting of green plants.

9. The method for operating a landscaping material reaction system according to claim 8, characterized in that In the step 3, the harmful substance content in the gas and water is checked in time according to the pre-determined waste gas and waste water emission standards, and the entire reaction process is manually adjusted and controlled with the assistance of computer software until the emission standards are met. The gas filter (34) and the water filter (43) need to be replaced in time to achieve the expected filtering effect.

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