Lead-acid battery crushing and separation method and crushing and separation system

Abstract

The present application provides a crushing and separation method and a crushing and separation system for lead-acid batteries, and relates to the field of wet battery recycling. The crushing and separation system for lead-acid batteries includes a quick freezing device, a heating device, and a first beating and crushing device, a second beating and crushing device and a sorting device connected in sequence. The crushing and separation method for lead-acid batteries includes: transporting the lead-acid battery to the first beating and crushing device for freezing and crushing to obtain a first coarse material; transporting the first coarse material to the second beating and crushing device for heating, beating and crushing to obtain a second coarse material and acid liquid, and using the acid liquid to wash to separate the second coarse material into a plastic shell, a grid and lead mud. The crushing and separation method and crushing and separation system for lead-acid batteries have simple overall processes and operations, low preparation costs and less waste of water resources, and can effectively separate the various substances in the lead-acid battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of wet battery recycling, and in particular, to a crushing and separation method and a crushing and separation system for lead-acid batteries. Background Art

[0002] Used lead-acid batteries have great recycling value, and recycling of used lead-acid batteries can bring huge economic and environmental benefits. The existing recycling methods for used lead-acid batteries are relatively complicated, including mechanical crushing after deacidification, mechanical demolition and manual demolition. Among them, the mechanical crushing method mostly uses foreign crushing equipment, such as CX crushing and separation equipment, MA crushing and separation equipment, etc. These equipment have complex structure, large footprint, high cost, and mixing of grids and lead paste. At the same time, the later material sorting will also waste a lot of water resources; and manual demolition has problems such as low efficiency and serious impact on human health and the environment.

[0003] In view of this, this application is hereby filed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiments of the present application is to provide a crushing and separation method and a crushing and separation system for a lead-acid battery, which can improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries, which includes: freezing thrashing and crushing, heating thrashing and crushing, and sorting.

[0006] The freezing pounding and crushing comprises: freezing the lead-acid battery at -80 to -90°C for at least 6 minutes, and then pounding and crushing the battery in a freezing environment maintained at -80 to -90°C to obtain a first coarse material.

[0007] The heating thrashing and crushing process comprises: thrashing and crushing the first coarse material in a heating environment of 65-75° C. to obtain the second coarse material and acid solution.

[0008] The sorting includes: using the acid solution to wash to separate the second coarse material into plastic shells, grids and lead mud.

[0009] In the above implementation process, the low-temperature freezing treatment at the above temperature is used to denature and brittle the plastic shell of the lead-acid battery after the low-temperature treatment. At this time, the plastic shell can be completely cracked or even separated from the lead grid after being smashed in a low-temperature freezing environment. Compared with the traditional mechanical crushing method, this smashing method is simple to operate, saves energy, and has a good crushing effect. At the same time, in order to prevent the plastic shell of the waste lead-acid battery from adhering to the lead grid after the low-temperature freezing smashing, the battery after the frozen smashing is then subjected to high-temperature heating treatment by a heating device to obtain a second coarse material and acid solution. After a cold and hot treatment, the crushing of the waste lead-acid battery and the separation of the acid solution are achieved. At the same time, the acid solution is used as the medium for flushing, and the sorting step separates the substances. Not only is the process simple and effectively saves water resources, the cost is low, and the grid, lead paste and plastic shell are effectively separated.

[0010] Optionally, in the freezing and crushing step, the lead-acid battery is frozen at -80 to -90°C for 6 to 10 minutes.

[0011] In one possible embodiment, the lead-acid battery used in the freeze-throwing crushing does not require acid discharge treatment.

[0012] At the above-mentioned low-temperature freezing temperature, the acid liquid inside the shell is in a frozen state. At this time, the number of beatings is set according to the actual situation to ensure that the plastic shell and the internal structure are mainly broken and separated through the first coarse material, and the subsequent heating and crushing realizes the re-breaking and separation of the material, and at the same time realizes the separation of acid liquid, plastic and metal.

[0013] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a lead-acid battery crushing and separation system, which includes a quick-freezing device, a heating device, and a first beating and crushing device, a second beating and crushing device, and a sorting device connected in sequence.

[0014] The first beating and breaking device has a lead-acid battery feed port, the quick-freezing device is connected to the first beating and breaking device for conveying refrigerant into the first beating and breaking device for freezing the lead-acid batteries, the first coarse material discharge port of the first beating and breaking device is connected to the first coarse material feed port of the second beating and breaking device, and the heating device is connected to the second beating and breaking device for conveying hot air into the second beating and breaking device.

[0015] The second coarse material discharge port of the second beating and breaking device is connected to the second coarse material feed port of the sorting device, and the acid liquid outlet of the second beating and breaking device is connected to the flushing liquid inlet of the sorting device. The sorting device is used to separate the plastic shell, the grid and the lead mud.

[0016] In the above-mentioned implementation process, the quick-freezing device and the first beating and crushing device are used to achieve low-temperature freezing treatment of the lead-acid battery. After the low-temperature treatment, the plastic shell of the lead-acid battery is denatured and brittle. At this time, the waste lead-acid battery treated with low-temperature freezing can be cyclically beaten after being beaten and crushed by the first beating and crushing device. After a specified number of cyclic beatings, the plastic shell cracks and separates from the grid. Compared with the traditional mechanical crushing method, this crushing method has a simple structure, saves energy, and has a good crushing effect. At the same time, in order to prevent the plastic shell of the waste lead-acid battery from adhering to the lead grid after being beaten and crushed, the battery after the frozen beating is then subjected to high-temperature heating treatment by a heating device, and the crushed first coarse material is cyclically beaten several times in the second beating and crushing device again, and finally acid liquid and second coarse material (a mixture of plastic shell, grid, lead mud, etc.) are obtained, and the waste lead-acid battery is crushed after a cold and hot treatment.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the first smashing device includes: a bracket, a roller extending from the first end to the second end, a fixed baffle, and a driving mechanism.

[0018] The drum is rotatably arranged on the first bracket along the axis of the drum, the end surface of the first end has an opening, and the end surface of the second end is provided with a lead-acid battery feed port. The fixed baffle is located at the first end of the drum, the fixed baffle is connected to the first bracket and seals the opening, the drum can rotate relative to the fixed baffle, the fixed baffle, the first bracket, and the drum together form a crushing accommodating chamber, and the fixed baffle is provided with a first coarse material discharge port; the driving mechanism is transmission-connected to the drum for driving the drum to rotate.

[0019] In the above implementation process, through the above arrangement, on the one hand, the drum can rotate relative to the frame, and on the other hand, a crushing accommodating chamber can be formed inside the drum.

[0020] In a possible embodiment, the rotation axis of the drum is arranged horizontally.

[0021] In the above implementation process, the lead-acid battery located in the drum has a certain height difference during the tumbling process during operation. The height difference + tumbling method is used to effectively improve the tumbling efficiency and save energy.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the second end is provided with a first gear, the driving mechanism is provided with a second gear matching with the first gear, and the number of teeth of the first gear is greater than the number of teeth of the second gear.

[0023] In the above implementation process, the cooperation of the first gear and the second gear is utilized to effectively support the roller so that it can be assembled on the first bracket on the one hand, and to effectively adjust and reduce the rotation rate of the roller on the other hand, thereby reducing the requirements of the roller for the driving mechanism and reducing the manufacturing cost of the crushing and separation system of the lead-acid battery.

[0024] In a possible implementation, the sorting device includes: a liquid backflushing device and a sorting mechanism.

[0025] The second coarse material discharge port of the second beating and breaking device is connected with the second coarse material feed port of the liquid recoil device, the acid liquid outlet of the second beating and breaking device is connected with the flushing liquid inlet of the liquid recoil device, the liquid recoil device is used to separate the second coarse material into plastic shell and heavy material, the lower end of the liquid recoil device is provided with a heavy material discharge port and the heavy material discharge port is connected with the heavy material feed port of the sorting mechanism, and the sorting mechanism is used to separate the heavy material into grids and lead mud.

[0026] In the above implementation process, a liquid recoil device is used to separate the second coarse material, and acid is used as the recoil medium acid, which further strengthens the separation of the plastic shell and the remaining heavy materials (grid, lead mud). The separated plastic shell can be recycled, and the heavy materials can be further separated into grid and lead mud by the sorting mechanism. That is, not only is the structure simple and the cost is low, but the grid, lead paste and plastic shell are effectively separated, and the acid that the lead-acid battery already has is used to further reduce the use of water resources.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the liquid backflushing device includes: a vertically arranged body, a fan, and a stirring blade.

[0028] The main body is provided with a recoil chamber, and the main body is provided with a heavy material discharge port, a second coarse material feed port, a flushing liquid inlet and a plastic shell discharge port which are communicated with the recoil chamber.

[0029] The fan is arranged at the upper end of the body, and the air outlet of the fan faces the discharge port of the plastic shell; the stirring blade is rotatably arranged at the top of the recoil chamber, and the tangential direction of the rotation direction of the stirring blade is consistent with the moving direction of the plastic shell toward the discharge port of the plastic shell.

[0030] In the above implementation process, the fan and the stirring blades are used in coordination to further effectively improve the sorting efficiency and sorting quality of the liquid recoil device. The setting of the stirring blades and the acid flushing are used to effectively separate the plastic shell from the heavy materials adhered to the plastic shell. At the same time, the fan and the stirring direction of the stirring blades are coordinated to discharge the separated plastic shell out of the plastic shell discharge port.

[0031] In a possible embodiment, a first auger conveying mechanism extends from a first feed end to a first discharging end, the first feed end is lower than the first discharging end, the first feed end is connected to a heavy material discharge port, the first discharging end is connected to a heavy material feed port of a sorting mechanism, the first auger conveying mechanism is connected to a flushing liquid inlet of a liquid recoil device via a drain pipe, and a connection between the drain pipe and the first auger conveying mechanism is higher than a connection between the drain pipe and the liquid recoil device.

[0032] In the above implementation process, the first auger conveying mechanism is used to convey the heavy materials to the sorting mechanism for sorting. Among them, the liquid in the first auger conveying mechanism (entering the first auger conveying mechanism through the liquid recoil device) can be conveyed to the liquid recoil device to replenish the liquid by setting the discharge pipe, saving water resources.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the crushing and separation system of the lead-acid battery also includes an acid recovery system, the acid outlet of the second crushing device is connected to the inlet of the acid recovery system, the outlet of the acid recovery system is connected to the flushing liquid inlet of the liquid recoil device, and the outlet of the liquid recoil device is connected to the inlet of the acid recovery system.

[0034] The acid liquid recovery system is specifically, for example, an acid liquid recovery tank.

[0035] In the above implementation process, the acid and water are fully recycled to effectively save water resources. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0037] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a crushing and separation system for lead-acid batteries;

[0038] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the first smashing device from a first perspective;

[0039] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the first smashing device from a second viewing angle;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the feeding device;

[0041] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second smashing device;

[0042] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a liquid recoil device;

[0043] Figure 7 is a structural schematic diagram of the sorting structure;

[0044] Figure 8 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of position VIII in the middle;

[0045] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of the process of crushing and separation.

[0046] Icons: 10-crushing and separation system of lead-acid battery; 100-first smashing and crushing device; 110-first bracket; 120-drum; 121-second end; 122-first end; 123-bearing; 125-first gear; 126-first motor; 127-guide groove; 128-first sliding baffle; 129-rack; 124-first driving gear; 130-first driving mechanism; 133-second gear; 140-fixed baffle; 141-second motor; 143-second sliding baffle; 144-screw; 160-conveyor belt; 200-feeding device; 210-fixed frame; 211-chute; 220-carrying hopper; 221-guide wheel; 231-sprocket wheel; 234-third motor; 300-quick freezing device; 310-conveying pipe; 400-heating device; 500-second smashing device; 600-liquid recoil device; 610-body; 620-fan; 630-stirring blade; 700-first auger conveying mechanism; 710-drain pipe; 720-water pump; 800-second auger conveying mechanism; 810-overflow pipe; 820-fourth motor; 900-sorting mechanism; 910-second bracket; 920-shell; 921-lead mud discharge port; 930-screen drum; 940-fifth motor; 950-flushing mechanism; 960-feed hopper; 20-acid recovery system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0048] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "set" and "connect" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0049] It should be noted that the lead-acid batteries involved in this application mainly refer to abandoned lead-acid batteries that need to be recycled. It should be noted that the abandoned lead-acid batteries in the embodiments provided in this application have not been subjected to acid discharge treatment. The acid discharge treatment here refers to the lead-acid batteries added to the first smashing and breaking device being complete lead-acid batteries that have not been subjected to acid discharge in advance.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] The present application provides a method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries, which comprises: freezing thrashing and crushing, heating thrashing and crushing, and sorting.

[0052] The freezing pounding and crushing process comprises: freezing the lead-acid battery at -80 to -90°C for at least 6 minutes, optionally 6-10 minutes, and then pounding and crushing the battery in a freezing environment maintained at -80 to -90°C to obtain a first coarse material.

[0053] The heating thrashing and crushing process comprises: thrashing and crushing the first coarse material in a heating environment of 65-75° C. to obtain the second coarse material and acid solution.

[0054] Sorting includes: using acid washing to separate the second coarse material into plastic shells, grids and lead mud.

[0055] Among them, the lead-acid batteries used in freezing, smashing and crushing do not need to be discharged.

[0056] See also Figure 1 The present application also provides a lead-acid battery crushing and separation system 10 for implementing the above-mentioned lead-acid battery crushing and separation method.

[0057] Specifically, the crushing and separation system 10 of the lead-acid battery includes a quick freezing device 300 , a heating device 400 , a first crushing device 100 , a second crushing device 500 , a liquid recoil device 600 and a sorting mechanism 900 .

[0058] See also Figure 2 as well as Figure 3 The first breaking device 100 includes a first bracket 110, a roller 120, a fixed baffle 140, a lead-acid battery feed port, a first coarse material discharge port and a first driving mechanism 130.

[0059] The drum 120 extends from the first end 122 to the second end 121 , wherein the end surface of the first end 122 has an opening, that is, the drum 120 is barrel-shaped, and the first end 122 is the opening end of the drum.

[0060] The drum 120 is rotatably arranged on the first bracket 110 along the axis of the drum 120. Specifically, the first end 122 of the drum 120 is equipped with a bearing 123, wherein the outer wall of the drum 120 is tightly connected to the inner ring of the bearing 123, and the outer ring of the bearing 123 is fixedly connected to the first bracket 110. The fixed baffle 140 is connected to the first bracket 110, and the fixed baffle is located at the first end 122 and seals the opening. For example, the fixed baffle 140 and the outer ring of the bearing 123 are interference-fitted, and the drum and the inner ring of the bearing 123 are tightly matched. The drum 120 rotates around the outer ring of the bearing 123, and at the same time, there should be a certain gap between the first end 122 and the fixed baffle 140, and then when the baffle seals the opening and the drum 120 can rotate relative to the fixed baffle 140, that is, at this time, the fixed baffle 140, the bearing 123, and the drum 120 jointly form a crushing accommodating chamber.

[0061] The lead-acid battery feed port and the first coarse material discharge port are respectively connected to the crushing accommodating chamber.

[0062] The lead-acid battery feed port is arranged on the end surface of the second end 121 , and the end surface of the second end 121 is provided with a first motor 126 , a guide groove 127 and a first sliding baffle 128 of the lead-acid battery feed port which can be selectively opened or closed.

[0063] The guide groove 127 is arranged on the end surface of the second end 121 and extends toward the lead-acid battery feed port. The first sliding baffle 128 is slidably embedded in the guide groove 127. A rack 129 is provided on the side of the first sliding baffle 128 away from the second end 121. The first motor 126 is fixed to the drum 120. The driving shaft of the first motor 126 is connected to the first driving gear 124. The first driving gear 124 is meshed with the rack 129 to drive the first driving gear to rotate forward and reverse through the first motor 126, and then drive the rack 129 to drive the first sliding baffle 128 to open or close the lead-acid battery feed port, thereby effectively preventing leakage of material inside the drum 120.

[0064] The first coarse material discharging port is disposed on the fixed baffle 140 , and the first coarse material that has been thrashed and crushed is discharged from the first coarse material discharging port.

[0065] Specifically, the fixed baffle 140 is provided with a second motor 141 , a second sliding baffle 143 and a screw rod 144 .

[0066] The second motor 141 is transmission connected to the screw rod 144, for example, coaxially connected, the screw rod 144 extends toward the first coarse material discharge port, and the screw rod nut of the screw rod 144 is connected to the second sliding baffle 143 through a connecting rod. Through the above simple setting, through the forward and reverse rotation of the second motor 141, the screw rod 144 nut is used to drive the second sliding baffle 143 to selectively open or close the first coarse material discharge port.

[0067] The first driving mechanism 130 is connected to the roller 120 in a transmission manner and is used to drive the roller 120 to rotate. The first driving mechanism 130 is, for example, a servo motor disposed on the first bracket 110. Optionally, the second end 121 is provided with a first gear 125, and the first driving mechanism 130 is provided with a second gear 133 that cooperates with the first gear 125. The number of teeth of the first gear 125 is greater than the number of teeth of the second gear 133. By utilizing the cooperation of the first gear 125 and the second gear 133, on the one hand, the roller 120 is effectively supported so that it is assembled on the first bracket 110, and on the other hand, the rotation rate of the roller 120 is effectively adjusted and reduced, and the requirements of the roller 120 for the first driving mechanism 130 are reduced.

[0068] The rotation axis of the drum 120 can be arranged vertically or horizontally. Figure 1 In the embodiment shown in , the rotation axis of the drum 120 is arranged horizontally. The diameter of the drum 120 can be set according to actual needs. For example, the diameter of the drum 120 is 20m. At this time, under the above setting, when the drum 120 is running, the drop height of the material in the drum 120 can reach 20m.

[0069] Among them, the first smashing and breaking device 100 can be manually loaded (lead-acid batteries), but the efficiency is low, so mechanical loading is adopted. Optionally, the lead-acid battery crushing and separation system 10 includes a loading device.

[0070] See also Figure 1 as well as Figure 4 The feeding device 200 includes a fixing frame 210, a second driving mechanism arranged on the fixing frame 210, a carrying hopper 220 for placing lead-acid batteries, and a chute 211 arranged on the inner side of the fixing member and facing the feed port of the lead-acid batteries.

[0071] Among them, the second driving mechanism includes a third motor 234 and two groups of sprockets 231 arranged on the fixed frame 210, each group of sprockets 231 includes three sprockets 231 arranged in a triangle, the three sprockets 231 are connected by chain transmission, and the driving motor is connected to the shaft end gear of one of the sprockets 231 for driving the sprocket 231 to rotate forward and reverse.

[0072] The carrying hopper 220 is provided with a guide wheel 221 that cooperates with the chute 211. The carrying hopper 220 is provided with a traction rod, and the traction rod is hinged with the chain through a hinge, and the traction rod and the hinge can realize free rotation. It should be noted that the chute 211 includes a first chute section (which is connected to each other) Figure 4The partial chute 211) and the second chute section shown in the figure, the first chute section is roughly longitudinally arranged for conveying the carrying hopper 220 from bottom to top to the second chute section, the second chute section extends toward the lead-acid battery feed port of the first smashing device 100, the second chute section is shorter, as long as the carrying hopper 220 can convey the material from the end of the second chute section to the lead-acid battery feed port, the connection between the first chute section and the second chute section has a smooth transition.

[0073] The discharge port of the carrying hopper 220 located at the end of the second chute section is connected to the feed port of the lead-acid battery, so that when the carrying hopper 220 runs to the end of the second chute section, the lead-acid batteries in the carrying hopper 220 can enter the first smashing device 100 from the feed port of the lead-acid battery.

[0074] Under the above-mentioned setting conditions, when the carrying hopper 220 is filled with waste lead-acid batteries, the third motor 234 is started, and the third motor 234 drives the sprocket 231 to rotate through gear transmission and makes the chain move in a triangular trajectory. The circular movement of the chain drives the carrying hopper 220 to move in the setting direction of the slide 211, thereby transporting the waste lead-acid batteries from bottom to top to the lead-acid battery feed port of the first smashing device 100.

[0075] The quick freezing device 300 is connected to the first smashing device 100 for conveying a refrigerant into the first smashing device 100 for freezing the lead-acid battery, wherein the refrigerant is, for example, liquid nitrogen. The quick freezing device 300 is provided with a delivery pipe 310, and the fixed baffle 140 is provided with a mounting hole matched with the delivery pipe 310.

[0076] The first coarse material discharge port of the first beating and breaking device 100 and the first coarse material feed port of the second beating and breaking device 500 can be connected through a conveyor belt 160, and one end of the conveyor belt 160 located at the first coarse material discharge port is lower than the other end of the conveyor belt 160 located at the first coarse material feed port.

[0077] See also Figure 1 as well as Figure 5 The second breaking device 500 has a first coarse material feed port, a second coarse material discharge port and an acid liquid outlet, that is, after being processed by the second breaking device 500, the acid liquid flows out through the acid liquid outlet, and the second coarse material is discharged through the second coarse material outlet. Among them, the second breaking device 500 is similar in structure to the first breaking device 100, and will not be described in detail here. For details, please refer to the structure of the first breaking device 100.

[0078] The heating device 400 can be a hot air blower, etc. The heating device 400 is connected to the second smashing device 500 to transport hot air into the second smashing device 500. The connection method between the heating device 400 and the second smashing device 500 can be referred to the connection method between the refrigeration device and the first smashing device 100, which will not be repeated here.

[0079] See also Figure 1 as well as Figure 6 The liquid recoil device 600 is used to separate the second coarse material into a plastic shell and a heavy material. The liquid recoil device 600 includes: a vertically arranged main body 610, a fan 620 and a stirring blade 630.

[0080] The main body 610 has a recoil chamber, the upper end of the main body 610 has a plastic shell discharge port and a second coarse material feed port connected to the recoil chamber, and the lower end of the main body 610 is provided with a heavy material discharge port and a flushing liquid inlet respectively connected to the recoil chamber. The flushing liquid inlet can be connected to the acid liquid outlet of the second smashing device 500 through a water pump 720, and the acid is pumped into the recoil chamber through the water pump 720, that is, the acid after the second smashing is used as a recoil medium, and the flushing liquid inlet can also be connected to a water pipe through the water pump 720, and then water or acid is pumped into the recoil chamber through the water pump.

[0081] The second coarse material discharge port of the second smashing and breaking device 500 and the second coarse material feed port of the liquid recoil device 600 can be connected via a conveyor belt 160 .

[0082] The fan 620 is disposed at the upper end of the body 610 , and the air outlet of the fan 620 faces the discharge port of the plastic shell, so as to blow the plastic on the liquid surface in the recoil chamber to the discharge port of the plastic shell.

[0083] The stirring blade 630 is rotatably disposed at the top of the recoil chamber, and the tangential direction of the rotation direction of the stirring blade 630 is consistent with the moving direction of the plastic shell toward the plastic shell discharge port. Through the cooperation of the fan 620 and the stirring blade 630, the sorting efficiency and sorting quality of the liquid recoil device 600 are further effectively improved.

[0084] The highest position that the stirring blade 630 can reach during rotation, the air outlet of the fan 620 and the discharge port of the plastic shell are aligned horizontally.

[0085] The heavy material discharge port is connected to the heavy material feed port of the sorting mechanism 900, and the sorting mechanism 900 is used to separate the heavy material into grids and lead mud.

[0086] In order to ensure that heavy materials can be stably transported to the sorting mechanism 900 and the plastic shell can be smoothly recycled without leakage, the lead-acid battery crushing and separation system 10 can optionally also include a first auger conveying mechanism 700 and a second auger conveying mechanism 800.

[0087] Please continue reading Figure 1 as well as Figure 6 , wherein the first auger conveying mechanism 700 extends from the first feed end to the first discharge end, the first feed end is lower than the first discharge end, the first feed end is connected with the heavy material discharge port, the first discharge end is connected with the heavy material feed port of the sorting mechanism 900, the first auger conveying mechanism 700 is connected with the flushing liquid inlet through the drain pipe 710, the drain pipe 710 is provided with a water pump 720, and the acid liquid is continuously circulated, and the connection between the drain pipe 710 and the first auger conveying mechanism 700 is higher than the connection between the drain pipe 710 and the liquid recoil device 600.

[0088] The second auger conveying mechanism 800 extends from the second feed end to the second discharge end, the second feed end is lower than the second discharge end, and the second feed end is connected to the plastic shell discharge port of the liquid recoil device 600; the second auger conveying mechanism 800 is located above the first auger conveying mechanism 700 (the above here refers to the above in the longitudinal direction), and the second auger conveying mechanism 800 is connected to the first auger conveying mechanism 700 through an overflow pipe 810.

[0089] Among them, the overflow pipe 810 is installed near the second feeding end of the second auger conveying mechanism 800.

[0090] It should be noted that the structures of the first auger conveying mechanism 700 and the second auger conveying mechanism 800 are similar. Taking the first auger conveying mechanism 700 as an example, it specifically includes: a conveying cylinder, an auger rotatably arranged in the conveying cylinder, and a fourth motor 820 for driving the auger to rotate, wherein the fourth motor 820 is located outside the conveying cylinder and is connected to the auger shaft of the auger through a reducer, and the fourth motor 820 is located at the first discharge end. The conveying cylinder of the second auger conveying mechanism 800 is connected to the conveying cylinder of the first auger conveying mechanism 700 through an overflow pipe 810, and the conveying cylinder of the first auger conveying mechanism 700 is connected to the flushing liquid inlet through a water pump 720.

[0091] Through the cooperation of the above-mentioned liquid recoil device 600, the first auger conveying mechanism 700 and the second auger conveying mechanism 800, the second coarse material enters from the second coarse material feed port of the recoil chamber, and at the same time, the water pump 720 continuously pumps waste acid or water into the recoil chamber, so that part of the plastic shell floats on the horizontal plane of the second coarse material feed port under the action of liquid reverse thrust. While the acid is continuously pumped in, the acid exceeding the horizontal plane of the recoil chamber will enter the interior of the first auger conveying mechanism 700 through the heavy material discharge port, and enter the interior of the second auger conveying mechanism 800 through the plastic shell discharge port, and at the same time drive the plastic shell floating on the horizontal plane of the recoil chamber to enter the second auger conveying mechanism 80 with the acid. 0, wherein the fan 620 enters the airflow from one side of the horizontal plane of the recoil chamber, accelerating the plastic floating on the horizontal plane of the recoil chamber to move toward the discharge port of the plastic shell, and at the same time, the tangential direction of the rotation direction of the stirring blade 630 is consistent with the moving direction of the plastic shell, assisting the plastic shell to enter the second auger conveying mechanism 800, and the plastic shell entering the second auger conveying mechanism 800 is pushed by the auger to move to the second discharge end and discharge, and the overflow pipe is set to prevent the liquid from overflowing from the second feed end, and at the same time, the recycling of the acid liquid is realized, and the acid liquid exceeding the horizontal plane of the discharge port of the plastic shell flows into the first auger conveying mechanism 700 through the overflow pipe, and finally the plastic shell is output from the second discharge end and collected.

[0092] See also Figure 1 , Figure 7 as well as Figure 8 The sorting structure includes: a second bracket 910, a shell 920 disposed on the second bracket 910, and a screen drum 930 rotatably disposed in the shell 920. The two ends of the screen drum 930 are respectively provided with a heavy material feed port and a grid discharge port. The screen drum 930 is tilted and the heavy material feed port is higher than the grid discharge port. The peripheral wall of the screen drum 930 is provided with screen holes for lead mud to pass through. The bottom of the shell 920 facing the ground has a lead mud discharge port. The lead mud passes through the screen holes and is directly discharged from the lead mud discharge port. The sorting structure includes a fifth motor 940 for driving the screen drum 930 to rotate, wherein the fifth motor 940 is located at one end of the heavy material feed port.

[0093] In order to further improve its screening efficiency, the sorting mechanism also includes a flushing mechanism 950 for assisting the screen drum 930 in sorting out the lead mud, such as a high-pressure water outlet system. The flushing mechanism 950 extends into the screen drum 930 and is then connected to one end of the screen drum 930 close to the grid outlet.

[0094] Optionally, a feed hopper 960 is provided at the heavy material feed port of the screen drum 930 , wherein the feed hopper 960 has an arc-shaped channel, so that the heavy material entering through the heavy material feed port can enter the screen drum 930 in a relatively dispersed manner.

[0095] Through the above arrangement, heavy materials enter the screen drum 930 from the arc channel; the fifth motor 940 drives the screen drum 930 to rotate and drives the heavy materials entering the interior to rotate at a certain speed; while the screen drum 930 drives the materials to rotate, the flushing mechanism 950 inputs high-pressure acid liquid into the drum screen and starts to flush the metal materials entering the cylindrical screen, and the lead mud with a diameter smaller than the screen hole is discharged from the lead mud discharge port 921 under the flushing of the high-pressure liquid, and the plate grid with a diameter larger than the screen hole is discharged through the plate grid discharge port and is finally collected.

[0096] Optionally, the crushing and separation system 10 of the lead-acid battery further includes an acid recovery system 20, the liquid outlet of the second smashing device 500 is connected to the liquid inlet of the acid recovery system 20 through a pipeline, the liquid outlet of the acid recovery system 20 is connected to the flushing liquid inlet of the liquid recoil device 600 through a water pump 720, and the liquid outlet of the liquid recoil device 600 is connected to the liquid inlet of the acid recovery system 20. The flushing mechanism 950 is connected to the acid recovery system 20 through a pipeline, and the acid recovery system 20 provides acid to it.

[0097] It should be noted that the lead-acid battery crushing and separation system 10 can be used not only for crushing lead-acid batteries, but also for crushing other materials.

[0098] For further explanation, please refer to Fig. 9 When the lead-acid battery crushing and separation method is implemented by relying on the lead-acid battery crushing and separation system 10, the lead-acid battery crushing and separation method specifically includes:

[0099] S1. Freezing, beating and crushing, which includes: conveying the lead-acid battery to a first beating and crushing device 100, the quick-freezing device 300 conveys a refrigerant to the first beating and crushing device 100 through a conveying pipe 310 to freeze the lead-acid battery, and then the lead-acid battery is beaten and crushed by the first beating and crushing device 100 in a freezing environment to obtain a first coarse material, wherein the first coarse material is mainly composed of a crushed plastic shell and an internal structure, wherein the acid liquid is mainly enclosed in the internal structure.

[0100] S2. Heating, smashing and crushing, which includes: conveying the first coarse material to the second smashing and crushing device, the heating device 400 conveys hot air to the second smashing and crushing device 500, the second smashing and crushing device 500 operates to smash and crush the first coarse material to obtain the second coarse material and acid liquid, wherein the second coarse material mainly consists of a plastic shell, a grid, lead mud and some residual acid liquid, and through steps S1 and S2, the grid and the plastic shell are easily separated.

[0101] S3. The first sorting includes: conveying the acid obtained in the second smashing device 500 to the liquid recoil device 600 as a recoil medium, effectively improving the utilization rate of the acid and saving water resources, and at the same time conveying the second coarse material to the liquid recoil device 600 to separate the plastic shell and the heavy material under the recoil action of the acid or water, wherein the acid can be recovered and the acid recovery system 20 is replenished, and the plastic shell is recovered.

[0102] S4. The second sorting includes: conveying the heavy material to the sorting mechanism 900 to separate the grid and the lead mud and recovering them separately.

[0103] Specifically for example, taking common ABS material, the lead-acid battery of 12V 60Ah is an example, after freezing at -80 ℃ for 8min, the temperature in the first breaking device 100 is kept to be -80 ℃ in a freezing environment to break. Wherein, the first breaking device 100 is broken for 30-50 times (one time breaking is one rotation of the drum 120), the rotating speed is 10r / min, and the breaking height difference is 20 meters. The plastic shell can be effectively separated from the internal structure and the acid liquid is basically frozen, and the outflow of the acid liquid is basically not arranged. Then in the second breaking device 500, the temperature in the second breaking device 500 reaches about 70 ℃, and in this environment, the breaking is about 20-40 times, and the height difference is 20 meters, which can effectively separate the broken objects that are adhered together.

[0104] It should be noted that, since toxic and harmful gases may be generated during the smashing and sorting process, the crushing and separation system 10 of the lead-acid battery needs to be carried out in a sealed system that can handle harmful gases.

[0105] In summary, the lead-acid battery crushing and separation system provided in the present application and the lead-acid battery crushing and separation method using the above-mentioned lead-acid battery crushing and separation system have simple overall process and operation, low preparation cost and less waste of water resources, and can effectively separate the various substances in the lead-acid battery.

[0106] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries based on a crushing and separation system for lead-acid batteries, characterized in that: The crushing and separation system includes a quick freezing device, a heating device, and a first beating and crushing device, a second beating and crushing device and a sorting device which are connected in sequence; The first breaking device has a lead-acid battery feed port, the quick freezing device is connected to the first breaking device and is used to transport refrigerant into the first breaking device for freezing the lead-acid battery, the first coarse material discharge port of the first breaking device is connected to the first coarse material feed port of the second breaking device, and the heating device is connected to the second breaking device and is used to transport hot air into the second breaking device; The second coarse material discharge port of the second beating and breaking device is connected to the second coarse material feed port of the sorting device, and the acid liquid outlet of the second beating and breaking device is connected to the flushing liquid inlet of the sorting device, and the sorting device is used to separate the plastic shell, the grid and the lead mud; The crushing and separation method comprises: Freezing, pounding and crushing, comprising: conveying the lead-acid battery into the first pounding and crushing device, conveying a refrigerant into the first pounding and crushing device by using the quick freezing device, so that the lead-acid battery is frozen at -80 to -90°C for at least 6 minutes, and then pounding and crushing in a freezing environment maintained at a temperature of -80 to -90°C to obtain a first coarse material; Heating, pounding and crushing, comprising: conveying the first coarse material into the second pounding and crushing device, and conveying hot air into the second pounding and crushing device by the heating device, so that the first coarse material is pounded and crushed in a heating environment of 65-75° C. to obtain the second coarse material and acid liquid; Sorting includes: conveying the second coarse material and the acid solution to the sorting device, and using the acid solution to wash to separate the second coarse material into plastic shells, grids and lead mud.

2. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lead-acid battery used in the freezing and breaking process does not need to be discharged from the acid.

3. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first smashing and breaking device comprises: First bracket; A roller extending from the first end to the second end, the roller being rotatably arranged on the first bracket along the axis of the roller, the end surface of the first end having an opening, and the end surface of the second end having the lead-acid battery feed port; a fixed baffle, located at the first end of the drum, the fixed baffle being connected to the first bracket and sealing the opening, the drum being rotatable relative to the fixed baffle, the fixed baffle, the first bracket and the drum jointly forming a crushing accommodating chamber, and the fixed baffle being provided with the first coarse material discharge port; and A driving mechanism is connected to the roller for driving the roller to rotate.

4. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotation axis of the drum is arranged horizontally.

5. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second end is provided with a first gear, the driving mechanism is provided with a second gear matched with the first gear, and the number of teeth of the first gear is greater than the number of teeth of the second gear.

6. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sorting device comprises: Liquid recoil device and sorting mechanism; The second coarse material discharge port of the second beating and breaking device is connected with the second coarse material feed port of the liquid recoil device, the acid liquid outlet of the second beating and breaking device is connected with the flushing liquid inlet of the liquid recoil device, the liquid recoil device is used to separate the second coarse material into plastic shell and heavy material, the lower end of the liquid recoil device is provided with a heavy material discharge port and the heavy material discharge port is connected with the heavy material feed port of the sorting mechanism, and the sorting mechanism is used to separate the heavy material into grids and lead mud.

7. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: The liquid recoil device comprises: A vertically arranged main body, the main body having a recoil chamber, the main body having the heavy material discharge port, the second coarse material feed port, the flushing liquid inlet and the plastic shell discharge port communicated with the recoil chamber; A fan is arranged at the upper end of the body, and an air outlet of the fan faces the discharge port of the plastic shell; The stirring blade is rotatably arranged on the top of the recoil chamber, and the tangential direction of the rotation direction of the stirring blade is consistent with the moving direction of the plastic shell toward the discharge port of the plastic shell.

8. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The lead-acid battery crushing and separation system also includes: A first auger conveying mechanism extends from a first feed end to a first discharge end, the first feed end is lower than the first discharge end, the first feed end is connected to the heavy material discharge port, the first discharge end is connected to the heavy material feed port of the sorting mechanism, the first auger conveying mechanism is connected to a flushing liquid inlet of the liquid recoil device via a drain pipe, and a connection between the drain pipe and the first auger conveying mechanism is higher than a connection between the drain pipe and the liquid recoil device.

9. The method for crushing and separating lead-acid batteries according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The crushing and separation system of the lead-acid battery also includes an acid recovery system, wherein the acid outlet of the second smashing device is connected to the inlet of the acid recovery system, the outlet of the acid recovery system is connected to the flushing liquid inlet of the liquid recoil device, and the outlet of the liquid recoil device is connected to the inlet of the acid recovery system.

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