A quick-change fixture capable of indexing and positioning

Abstract

The present invention relates to a quick-change fixture capable of indexable positioning, which belongs to a fixture used for processing a main cylinder of an automobile brake. A front vertical plate and a rear vertical plate are installed on the fixture bottom plate, four hydraulic cylinders are installed on the rear vertical plate, four flanges are installed on the front vertical plate respectively, four cylinders are installed behind the front vertical plate, and there are rear row fixing holes and front row fixing holes on the circumference of the positioning pin fixing plate. The precision positioning pin is installed in the precision positioning pin hole of the front vertical plate, and the fixing pin passes through the through hole at the end of the precision positioning pin. The threaded end of the push-pull rod is connected to the cylinder, and at the same time, the tensioning plate is ensured to be in a horizontal state. The replaceable positioning sleeve is installed in the inner hole of the flange, and the positioning sleeve convex ring of the positioning sleeve is clamped on the plane of the flange. The advantages are novel structure, quick replacement of the universal positioning sleeve can adapt to the use of products of different specifications, accurate and reliable positioning, simple and convenient replacement, short adjustment time, and reduced manufacturing cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to a clamp used in the processing of automobile brake master cylinders, and in particular to a quick-change clamp that can be indexed and positioned. The present invention is mainly used in the processing of different plunger-type brake master cylinders, or other clamp fields where products of similar shapes and different specifications need to be frequently replaced and positioned, and occasions where the clamp needs to be rotatably positioned. Background Art

[0002] At present, in order to improve production efficiency, a set of fixtures is usually used to clamp multiple identical workpieces during batch production of certain products. When products of similar shapes but different specifications are replaced on the same set of fixtures, some positioning parts (such as flanges used for positioning) are usually replaced. When replacing positioning parts, the following problems often occur: 1. The replacement time of positioning parts is too long, and the replacement process is cumbersome and time-consuming. 2. The positioning parts have poor versatility. The number of positioning parts manufactured according to different specifications of products is too large, which brings inconvenience to manufacturing costs and management. The above problems take up a lot of adjustment and replacement time. It is not conducive to the rapid replacement of fixtures and batch processing of products.

[0003] Take the processing of the transverse hole of the plunger brake master cylinder as an example: when processing the transverse hole of this product, it is usually processed on a vertical CNC processing equipment, and a set of fixtures is designed with four to eight stations for simultaneous processing. When changing to process different products, it is usually necessary to manually remove four or eight flange locators one by one, and then manually install another set of flange locators one by one on the fixture body. The more flange locators there are, the longer it takes. The more products of different specifications, the more flange locators are needed, making replacement complicated and inconvenient, and the adjustment time is long, which seriously affects production efficiency and increases manufacturing costs. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a quick-change fixture capable of indexing and positioning, so as to solve the problem that the current replacement of the main cylinder body processing fixture takes up a lot of adjustment and replacement time, which is not conducive to the quick replacement of the fixture and the batch processing of products.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a front vertical plate and a rear vertical plate are installed on the fixture bottom plate, the front vertical plate and the rear vertical plate are connected by a reinforcing rod, four hydraulic cylinders are installed on the rear vertical plate, a top is installed on the front end of the hydraulic cylinder, four flanges are respectively installed on the front vertical plate, the four cylinders are bolted to the back of the front vertical plate through two small support plates and a large support plate, a positioning pin fixing plate is installed on the large support plate, the positioning pin fixing plate has rear row hole fixing holes and front row hole fixing holes on its circumference, the precision positioning pins are installed in the precision positioning pin holes of the front vertical plate, ensuring that the front end has enough length to be inserted into the positioning blind holes of the flange, the fixing pins pass through the through holes at the ends of the precision positioning pins, ensuring that they can be inserted into the rear row hole fixing holes or the front row hole fixing holes of the positioning pin fixing plate, the threaded ends of the push-pull rods are connected to the cylinders, and at the same time ensuring that the tensioning plate is in a horizontal state, the replaceable positioning sleeves are installed in the inner holes of the flanges, and the positioning sleeve convex rings of the positioning sleeves are clamped on the plane of the flanges;

[0006] The front vertical plate of the present invention has four groups of precision positioning holes, each group of precision positioning holes is eleven through holes spaced at 11°, and vertical plate engraved lines are engraved at the corresponding circumferential positions of the through holes, and 36 flange circumferential engraved lines evenly divided at 10° are engraved on the outer circumferential surface of the flange, and corresponding positioning blind holes are provided on the back of the flange corresponding to the positions of the 36 flange circumferential engraved lines, and diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting holes corresponding to the positions and sizes of the mounting holes of different products are provided on the front surface of the flange, and each diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting hole is aligned with the flange circumferential engraved lines on the flange, and corresponding screw locking holes are provided on the circumferential surface corresponding to the positions of the diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting holes, and the diamond-shaped positioning pins are locked or loosened by screws in the screw locking holes;

[0007] When the replaceable positioning sleeve described in the present invention is installed into the flange, the positioning sleeve is held by hand so that the chip removal groove in the replaceable positioning sleeve hole is in a horizontal position. When the chip removal groove reaches between the tensioning plate and the pushing plate of the push-pull rod, the replaceable positioning sleeve is rotated so that the chip removal groove of the replaceable positioning sleeve is in a vertical position, ensuring that there is sufficient contact between the push-pull rod and the replaceable positioning sleeve when the push-pull rod pushes or tightens the replaceable positioning sleeve. When clamping or loosening the flange, the push-pull rod is driven by the cylinder to tighten or push the replaceable positioning sleeve through the tensioning plate and the pushing plate, and the replaceable positioning sleeve is thereby tightened or loosened.

[0008] The advantages of the present invention are novel structure. The newly designed flange can be rotated at any angle in units of 1 degree. Without disassembling the flange, the universal positioning sleeve can be quickly replaced to adapt to the use of products of different specifications. At the same time, the pneumatic tightening method is adopted to quickly clamp all flanges at one time to achieve the purpose of quickly replacing the fixture. The pneumatic clamping positioning piece is used to replace the original manual clamping method, and the clamping is fast and convenient, and the structure is compact and practical. According to the positional relationship between the vertical plate and the flange, the rotation positioning at any angle in units of 1° is realized, the positioning is accurate and reliable, the replacement is simple and convenient, the adjustment time is short, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0010] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Left view of

[0011] Figure 3 is an axonometric view of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A local enlarged view in the C direction;

[0013] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 AA section view;

[0014] Figure 6 yes Figure 2 BB cross-sectional view;

[0015] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the rotation indexing of the front vertical plate and the flange 7 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of the precision positioning holes of the front vertical plate and the vertical plate engraving lines of the present invention;

[0017] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the correspondence between the engraved lines of the flange 7 of the present invention and the engraved lines on the front vertical plate 1;

[0018] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flange 7 of the present invention;

[0019] Fig.11 yes Fig.10 Bottom view;

[0020] Fig.12 It is an axonometric view of the flange 7 of the present invention;

[0021] Fig.13 It is a structural schematic diagram of the workpiece of the present invention;

[0022] Fig.14 yes Fig.13 A top view of

[0023] Fig.15 It is a schematic structural diagram of the push-pull rod of the present invention;

[0024] Fig.16 is an axonometric view of the push-pull rod of the present invention;

[0025] Fig.17 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the replaceable positioning sleeve of the present invention;

[0026] Fig.18 yes Fig.17 DD cross-sectional view;

[0027] Fig.19 yes Fig.17 Left view of

[0028] Fig. 20 is an axonometric view of the push-pull rod of the present invention;

[0029] Fig.21 It is a schematic diagram of a positioning pin fixing plate of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 22 yes Fig.21 EE cross-sectional view;

[0031] Fig.23 It is an axonometric view of the positioning pin fixing plate of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] See also Figure 1 , 2 3. A front vertical plate 1 and a rear vertical plate 2 are installed on the fixture bottom plate 4. The front vertical plate 1 and the rear vertical plate 2 are connected by a reinforcing rod 5 to prevent the two vertical plates from loosening when clamping the workpiece 6. Four hydraulic cylinders 3 are installed on the rear vertical plate 2. The hydraulic cylinders 3 are connected to the hydraulic station through hydraulic pipes. A top 14 is installed at the front end of the hydraulic cylinder 3 for clamping the workpiece 6. Four flanges 7 are respectively installed on the front vertical plate 1. See Figure 4 , 5 6. Four cylinders 8 are bolted to the back of the front vertical plate 1 through two small support plates 16 and a large support plate 15. The four cylinders 8 are connected to compressed air. The four cylinders 8 are simultaneously controlled by a switch to achieve rapid loosening or clamping. See Fig.21 , 22 23. A positioning pin fixing plate 17 is installed on the large support plate 15. The positioning pin fixing plate 17 has rear row hole fixing holes 171 and front row hole fixing holes 172 on its circumference; the precision positioning pin 9 is installed in the precision positioning pin 101 hole of the front vertical plate 1, ensuring that the front end is long enough to be inserted into the positioning blind hole 704 of the flange 7, and the fixing pin 10 passes through the through hole of the precision positioning pin end 91 to ensure that it can be inserted into the rear row hole fixing hole 171 or the front row hole fixing hole 172 of the positioning pin fixing plate 17; see Fig.15 , 16 , the threaded end of the push-pull rod 12 is connected to the cylinder 8, and at the same time, the tension plate 121 is ensured to be in a horizontal state, and the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is installed in the inner hole of the flange 7, and the positioning sleeve convex ring 112 of the positioning sleeve 11 is stuck on the plane of the flange 7;

[0033] See also Figure 7The front vertical plate 1 has four groups of precision positioning holes 101, each group of precision positioning holes 101 is eleven through holes spaced at 11° intervals, and the vertical plate engraved lines 102 are engraved at the corresponding circumferential positions of the through holes, see Fig.10 , 11 12. The outer circumferential surface of the flange 7 is engraved with 36 flange circumferential engraved lines 703 evenly divided by 10°. Corresponding to the positions of the 36 flange circumferential engraved lines 703, there are corresponding positioning blind holes 704 on the back of the flange 7. The front surface of the flange 7 has diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting holes 701 corresponding to the position and size of the mounting holes of different products. Each diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting hole 701 is aligned with the flange circumferential engraved lines 703 on the flange 7, and the circumferential surface corresponding to the position of the diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting hole 701 has a corresponding screw locking hole 702, and the diamond-shaped positioning pin 13 is locked or loosened by the screw 18 in the screw locking hole 702;

[0034] See also Fig.17 , 18 , 19, 20, when the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is installed in the flange 7, the positioning sleeve 11 is held by hand so that the chip removal slot 111 in the hole of the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is in a horizontal position. When the chip removal slot 111 reaches between the tensioning plate 121 and the pushing plate 122 of the push-pull rod 12, the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is rotated so that the chip removal slot 111 of the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is in a vertical position, ensuring that the push-pull rod 12 has sufficient contact with the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 when pushing or tightening the replaceable positioning sleeve 11. When the flange 7 is clamped or loosened, when the pneumatic switch is turned, the push-pull rod 12 is driven by the cylinder 8 to tighten or push the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 through the tensioning plate 121 and the pushing plate 122, and the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 thereby tightens or loosens the flange 7.

[0035] Working principle:

[0036] (1) Indexing positioning principle: The indexing positioning in units of 1° is realized by the position between the flange circumference scale lines 703 divided by 10° and the eleven front plate scale lines 102 divided by 11°. After determining the position between the two (the required degree), the precision positioning pin 9 is inserted into the precision positioning hole 101 behind the flange 7 to achieve precise positioning.

[0037] (2) The specific principle is: See Figure 7 , 8, 9. When a certain engraved line on the flange 7 is aligned with the 0° position engraved line on the front vertical plate 1, the engraved lines a, b, c, d, e on the front vertical plate 1 and the engraved lines 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#, 5# on the flange are 1°, 2°, 3°, 4°, 5° apart respectively; when the flange 7 is rotated clockwise to 1# and aligned with a, the flange 7 is rotated clockwise by 1°, and the precision positioning pin 9 at position 1# is inserted into the corresponding precision positioning hole 101 to achieve 1° precision positioning, ..... Similarly, when the flange 7 is rotated clockwise to 5# and coincides with e, the flange 7 is rotated clockwise by 5°, and the precision positioning pin 9 at position 5# is inserted into the corresponding precision positioning hole 101 to achieve 5° precision positioning;

[0038] Similarly, -a, -b, -c, -d, -e and the engraved lines -1#, -2#, -3#, -4#, -5# on the flange differ by -1°, -2°, -3°, -4°, -5° respectively; when the flange 7 rotates counterclockwise to -1# and coincides with -a, the flange 7 rotates counterclockwise by 1°, and the precision positioning pin 9 at the -1# position is inserted into the corresponding precision positioning hole 101 to achieve -1° precise positioning. By analogy, when the flange 7 rotates counterclockwise to -5# and coincides with -e, the flange 7 rotates counterclockwise by 5 degrees, and the precision positioning pin 9 at the -5# position is inserted into the positioning hole to achieve -5° precise positioning;

[0039] In this way, positioning can be achieved within the range of -5° to 5°. The specific rotation direction depends on whether the unit digit of the given rotation angle is greater than 5° or less than 5°.

[0040] For example, when it is necessary to rotate 43° clockwise with a certain scale line on the flange 7 as a reference (the unit degree is less than 5°), first rotate the flange 7 40° clockwise (10° per grid), then rotate another 3° clockwise with the aligned scale line as a reference at the 0° position, and then insert the precision positioning pin 9 at the 3# position;

[0041] When it is necessary to rotate 58° clockwise with a certain engraved line on the flange 7 as a reference (the unit degree is greater than 5°), first rotate the flange 7 60° clockwise, then rotate 2° counterclockwise with the engraved line aligned at the 0° position as a reference, and then insert the precision positioning pin 9 at the -2# position;

[0042] Similarly, when it is necessary to rotate 43° or 58° counterclockwise based on a certain engraved line on the flange 7, the rotation direction of the flange 7 is opposite to the corresponding direction, that is, the reverse direction is also reverse;

[0043] When the degree of the unit digit is equal to 5°, you can rotate it clockwise or counterclockwise and insert the precision positioning pin 9 at the 5# or -5# position.

[0044] (3) Specific operation method: Take a certain type of workpiece 6 (plunger-type main cylinder body) as an example to describe the use of the fixture, see Fig.13 , 14 The workpiece 6 includes a workpiece outer circle 601 and a workpiece mounting hole 602. The angle between the position to be processed and the workpiece mounting hole 602 is 46°. The operation of one station is described. The methods of other stations are the same as those of this example.

[0045] Assume that the initial state of the fixture when switching the workpiece 6 is: a certain replaceable positioning sleeve 11 has been installed on the flange 7, and the diamond positioning pin 13 of the flange 7 is at position I, see Fig.12 , the precision positioning pin 9 corresponding to the -3# position is inserted into the corresponding positioning blind hole 704 of the flange 7, the fixing pin 10 is inserted into the rear row of holes of the fixing plate, the other precision positioning pins 9 are in the non-positioning position, and the fixing pins 10 are all inserted into the front row of holes of the fixing plate, the hydraulic cylinder 3 is in the loose state, and the cylinder 8 is in the clamped state;

[0046] When switching products, if there is no need to replace the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 in the flange 7 (assuming that the outer diameter of the workpiece 6 is the same as the outer diameter of the previously processed workpiece), press the switch to release the cylinder 8, and the cylinder 8 pushes the push-pull rod 12 to move toward the rear vertical plate 1. The push plate 122 of the push-pull rod 12 pushes the replaceable positioning sleeve 11. At this time, the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is released and the flange 7 is released; lift the fixing pin 10 of the precision positioning pin end 91 at the -3# position, pull out the precision positioning pin 9 at this position backwards, and insert the fixing pin 10 into the rear positioning hole 171 of the positioning pin fixing plate 17. At this time, the flange 7 can rotate. Release the flange 7 The screw 18 at position I is used to pull out the diamond locating pin 13 and install it into the locating pin installation hole 701 at position II, and the screw 18 at the corresponding position is tightened to lock the diamond locating pin 13; the flange circumferential scale line 703 corresponding to the diamond locating pin 13 is aligned with the 0° scale line position of the front vertical plate 1, the flange 7 is rotated 50° clockwise (that is, the flange 7 is rotated 5 scale lines clockwise), and then the flange circumferential scale line 703 aligned with the front vertical plate 1 is used as a reference, and then the flange 7 is rotated counterclockwise. When the flange 7 is rotated counterclockwise to -4# and -d, the flange 7 is rotated 4 degrees counterclockwise, and the end 91 of the -4# precision locating pin is fixed. The pin 10 is pulled out from the rear fixing hole 171, the precision positioning pin 9 is inserted into the positioning blind hole 704 of the flange 7, and the fixing pin 10 is inserted into the front fixing hole 172 to achieve 46° precise positioning; the locking switch of the cylinder 8 is pressed, the cylinder 8 pulls the push-pull rod 12, the push-pull rod 12 pulls the replaceable positioning sleeve 11, and the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 tightens the flange 7 to complete the positioning and clamping; the outer circle 601 of the workpiece 6 is installed into the inner hole of the flange 7, and the workpiece mounting hole 602 is installed on the diamond positioning pin 13, and the hydraulic switch is pressed, and the top 14 is pushed to the rear end face of the workpiece 6 to clamp the workpiece 6. At this time, the workpiece 6 can be processed.

[0047] If the size of the outer circle 601 of the workpiece is different from the outer circle size of the previously processed workpiece, it is necessary to replace the replaceable positioning sleeve 11, and the method is as follows: after loosening the cylinder 8, the cylinder 8 pushes the push-pull rod 12 to move in the direction of the rear vertical plate 1, and the push plate 122 of the push-pull rod 12 pushes the replaceable positioning sleeve 11, and the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is loosened, and the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is held and rotated 90° in the inner hole of the flange 7, so that the chip removal slot hole 111 of the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is in a horizontal position, and then pulled out in the direction of the rear vertical plate 1, the original replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is removed, and then the replaceable positioning sleeve prepared in advance is held. 11 (the inner hole size of the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is the same as the outer circle 601 of the workpiece to be processed), the chip groove hole 111 is in a horizontal position and is inserted into the inner hole of the flange 7. When the chip groove hole 111 is between the pushing plate 122 and the tensioning plate 121 of the push-pull rod 12, the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 is rotated to make the chip groove hole 111 in a vertical position, and the locking switch of the cylinder 8 is pressed. The cylinder 8 pulls the push-pull rod 12, and the push-pull rod 12 tensioning plate 121 tightens the replaceable positioning sleeve 11. The replaceable positioning sleeve 11 tightens the flange 7, completing the replacement of the replaceable positioning sleeve 11 and realizing the positioning clamping.

[0048] According to the rotation positioning principle of the present invention, if the circumferential diameter of the flange is appropriate, the circumferential lines of the flange can also be engraved as 360 1° evenly divided lines (if the diameter of the flange is too small, the lines will be too close, which is not conducive to observation and use). The angle between the lines of the front vertical plate is set to nine 9° evenly divided lines, and the position of the lines between the flange and the front vertical plate is used to achieve any angle positioning in units of 1°. The rotation positioning method is similar to the method described above.

Claims

1. A quick-change fixture with indexable positioning, characterized in that: A front vertical plate and a rear vertical plate are installed on the fixture bottom plate, and the front vertical plate and the rear vertical plate are connected by a reinforcing rod. Four hydraulic cylinders are installed on the rear vertical plate, and a top is installed on the front end of the hydraulic cylinder. Four flanges are installed on the front vertical plate respectively. The four cylinders are bolted to the back of the front vertical plate through two small support plates and a large support plate. A locating pin fixing plate is installed on the large support plate. There are rear row hole fixing holes and front row hole fixing holes on the circumference of the locating pin fixing plate. The precision locating pins are installed in the precision locating pin holes of the front vertical plate to ensure that the front end has enough length to be inserted into the positioning blind hole of the flange. The fixing pins pass through the through holes at the ends of the precision locating pins to ensure that they can be inserted into the rear row hole fixing holes or the front row hole fixing holes of the locating pin fixing plate. The threaded ends of the push-pull rods are connected to the cylinders, and at the same time, it is ensured that the tensioning plate is in a horizontal state. The replaceable locating sleeves are installed in the inner holes of the flanges, and the locating sleeve convex rings of the locating sleeves are clamped on the plane of the flanges. The front vertical plate has four groups of precision positioning holes, each group of precision positioning holes is eleven through holes spaced at 11° intervals, and vertical plate engraved lines are engraved at the corresponding circumferential positions of the through holes. The outer circumferential surface of the flange is engraved with 36 flange circumferential engraved lines evenly divided at 10°. Corresponding to the positions of the 36 flange circumferential engraved lines, there are corresponding positioning blind holes on the back of the flange. The front surface of the flange has diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting holes corresponding to the position and size of the mounting holes of different products. Each diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting hole is aligned with the flange circumferential engraved lines on the flange, and the circumferential surface corresponding to the position of the diamond-shaped positioning pin mounting hole has a corresponding screw locking hole, and the diamond-shaped positioning pin is locked or loosened by the screw in the screw locking hole; When the replaceable positioning sleeve is installed into the flange, the positioning sleeve is held by hand so that the chip removal groove in the replaceable positioning sleeve hole is in a horizontal position. When the chip removal groove reaches between the tensioning plate and the pushing plate of the push-pull rod, the replaceable positioning sleeve is rotated so that the chip removal groove of the replaceable positioning sleeve is in a vertical position, ensuring that there is sufficient contact between the push-pull rod and the replaceable positioning sleeve when the push-pull rod pushes or tightens the replaceable positioning sleeve. When clamping or loosening the flange, the push-pull rod is driven by the cylinder to tighten or push the replaceable positioning sleeve through the tensioning plate and the pushing plate, thereby tightening or loosening the flange.

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