Observation window arrangement structure of fishway observation room

Abstract

The present invention discloses an observation window arrangement structure of a fishway observation room, including a vertical dividing column and a horizontal dividing beam of a concrete structure arranged within the range of the observation window to divide the size and area of ​​the glass window, and glass installed on the vertical dividing column and the horizontal dividing beam to form the observation window. The vertical dividing column arranged along the water depth height direction is a through column, and the horizontal dividing beam arranged along the swimming direction of the fish includes an upper horizontal horizontal dividing beam and a lower horizontal horizontal dividing beam. The vertical dividing column divides the observation window hole into two left and right observation windows of the same width along the swimming direction of the fish, and the upper horizontal horizontal dividing beam and the lower horizontal horizontal dividing beam are respectively located in different observation windows and are not located at the same elevation. The size and stress of a single piece of glass are reduced, the observation requirement of no blind spot within the swimming range of the fish is met, and the requirements of structural safety and normal use function are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a fishway, in particular to an observation window arrangement structure of a fishway observation room. Background Art

[0002] The construction of river-blocking structures in hydropower projects blocks the passage of fish in the original natural river, so fish-passing facilities need to be built. When the project is in operation, the water level in the reservoir will fluctuate to a certain extent. When the fish-passing facilities adopt the fishway type, the water depth in the fishway will also fluctuate with the change of the reservoir water level, provided that the water depth requirements for fish passage are met. In order to reduce the project investment, the elevation of the top of the wall on both sides of the fishway is designed to be higher than the normal water storage level of the power station and leave appropriate safety overheight, provided that the normal operation of the fishway is met. In order to observe the passage of fish, the observation windows of the observation room must be all located underwater during normal operation. Under normal operation, the observation windows only need to withstand the design water depth required for the passage of fish in the fishway, and the height of the effective water head is not large. However, when the hydropower project encounters a flood and the reservoir water level exceeds the elevation of the top of the wall on both sides of the fishway, there will be a situation where the reservoir water will overflow the walls on both sides of the fishway, causing the fishway observation window to bear a higher water head. When a larger glass size is used, a higher effective water head will deteriorate the stress state of the glass to a certain extent. In order to reduce the safety risks of glass operation, it is necessary to use glass types with higher mechanical indicators. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a fishway observation room observation window structure layout structure which can improve the stress state of the observation window glass while ensuring the normal observation of the fish passage status, has a simple structure, good economy, and is easy to transport and construct and install.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is: an observation window arrangement structure of a fishway observation room, including vertical dividing columns and horizontal dividing beams of a concrete structure arranged within the range of the observation window to divide the size and area of ​​the glass window, and glass forming the observation window installed on the vertical dividing columns and the horizontal dividing beams, the vertical dividing columns arranged along the water depth height direction are through columns, and the horizontal dividing beams arranged along the swimming direction of fish include upper horizontal horizontal dividing beams and lower horizontal horizontal dividing beams.

[0005] The vertical dividing column divides the observation window hole into two left and right observation windows of the same width along the swimming direction of the fish, and the upper horizontal transverse dividing beam and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam are respectively located in different observation windows and are not located at the same elevation.

[0006] The upper horizontal transverse dividing beam is located at two-thirds of the height of the observation window hole in the water depth direction of the observation window, and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam is located at one-third of the height of the observation window hole in the water depth direction of the observation window.

[0007] The maximum size of the observation window hole divided by the vertical dividing column, the upper horizontal transverse dividing beam and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam does not exceed the maximum size of the conventional specifications of similar glass products, and the size range of the window hole along the water depth direction is 1.5 to 2.4m, and the size range of the window hole along the fish swimming direction is 1.0 to 1.5m;

[0008] The width of the vertical dividing column along the swimming direction of the fish, and the height of the upper horizontal transverse dividing beam and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam along the water depth direction are all 0.4 to 0.6 m.

[0009] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by setting a split column and a split beam of a concrete structure in the observation window, the size and area of ​​a single glass window of the observation window are reduced. The upper and lower horizontal transverse split beams are arranged along the direction of the fish swimming and staggered along the water depth and height direction, so as to meet the observation requirements of no blind spots of sight blocking within the water depth and height range of the fish swimming. This kind of observation window structure arrangement, under the premise of ensuring the normal observation of the passage of fish, adopts a simple structural type, reduces the size of a single glass, improves the stress state of the glass, further reduces the safety risk of glass operation, meets the observation requirements of no blind spots of sight within the swimming range of fish, and also reduces the cost of glass. The reduced size of the glass is easier to transport and install, and the asymmetric arrangement type also increases the decorative effect of the observation window to a certain extent. It not only meets the requirements of structural safety and normal use functions, but also has a simple structure and good economy, and has a good reference role in the related designs of other similar projects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the arrangement structure of the observation windows of the fishway observation room of the present invention.

[0011] In the figure:

[0012] 1——Vertical dividing column;

[0013] 2 – upper horizontal transverse split beam;

[0014] 3——Lower horizontal transverse dividing beam. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention; it is obvious that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "top / bottom" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific position, be constructed and operated in a specific position, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0017] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "mounted / connected", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0018] like Figure 1 As shown, the observation window arrangement structure of the fishway observation room of the present invention includes vertical dividing columns and horizontal dividing beams of a concrete structure arranged within the range of the observation window to divide the size and area of ​​the glass window, and glass installed on the vertical dividing columns and the horizontal dividing beams to form the observation window. The vertical dividing column 1 arranged along the water depth height direction is a through column, and the horizontal dividing beams arranged along the swimming direction of fish include an upper horizontal horizontal dividing beam 2 and a lower horizontal horizontal dividing beam 3.

[0019] Preferably, the vertical dividing column 1 divides the observation window hole into two left and right observation windows of equal width along the swimming direction of the fish, and the upper horizontal transverse dividing beam 2 and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam 3 are respectively located in different observation windows and are not located at the same elevation.

[0020] Preferably, the upper horizontal transverse dividing beam 2 is located at two-thirds of the height of the observation window hole in the water depth direction of the observation window, and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam 3 is located at one-third of the height of the observation window hole in the water depth direction of the observation window.

[0021] The maximum size of the observation window divided by the vertical dividing column 1, the upper horizontal transverse dividing beam 2 and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam 3 does not exceed the maximum size of the conventional specifications of similar glass products. The size of the window hole along the water depth direction ranges from 1.5 to 2.4 meters, and the size of the window hole along the fish swimming direction ranges from 1.0 to 1.5 meters;

[0022] The width of the vertical dividing column 1 along the swimming direction of the fish, and the height of the upper horizontal transverse dividing beam 2 and the lower horizontal transverse dividing beam 3 along the water depth direction are all 0.4-0.6m.

[0023] The following is a detailed description with reference to specific embodiments:

[0024] In a large hydropower station project, the main hub buildings are composed of concrete dams and riverbed powerhouses. The flood standard for normal operation of the permanent hydraulic structures of the power station is a flood that occurs once in 100 years, and the reservoir water level is 240.25m; the flood standard for emergency operation is a flood that occurs once in 1,000 years, and the reservoir water level is 243.28m. The normal water level of the reservoir is 241.0m, and the dead water level is 239.0m. Under normal operating conditions, the reservoir water level varies between the normal water level of 241.0m and the dead water level of 239.0m.

[0025] The fish passage facilities adopt the layout of fishways. The fishway design needs to be based on a variety of fish passage objects with different habits, taking into account both surface fish and mid-bottom fish, and at the same time needs to be able to adapt to the water level fluctuation of the reservoir. Therefore, according to the requirements of the fish passage objects of this project for the water depth of the fishway, when the fish pass normally, the design water depth in the fishway varies between 1.5m and 2.5m; the design width is 2.5m; and the longitudinal slope is 2%.

[0026] The fishway observation room is located on the left bank upstream of the hub building, and the bottom elevation of the fishway at the observation window is 236.50m. In order to be able to fully observe the fish passing through the fishway, the height of the observation window should be adapted to the maximum water depth of the fishway design. In order to increase the safety of the observation window operation and minimize the cost of the observation window glass, the principle of selecting the height of the observation window is to minimize it while meeting the observation range requirements. Considering the fluctuation of the water level in the fishway during operation and the requirement of all-round observation, the height of the observation window is determined to be 3m. According to the observation needs, the net width of the observation window along the swimming direction of the fish is required to be no less than 2.0m.

[0027] The highest reservoir water level corresponding to the normal operation of the fishway is the normal water level of 241.0m. After considering a certain safety overheight, the design elevation of the top of the side walls on both sides of the fishway is 241.5m. When the reservoir water level is below the normal water level of 241.0m, the water depth in the fishway during normal operation will not exceed 2.5m, that is, the maximum head that the observation window glass needs to bear is 2.5m. However, when the hydropower project encounters a flood and the reservoir water level exceeds the top elevation of the walls on both sides of the fishway of 241.5m, there will be a situation where the reservoir water will overflow the walls on both sides of the fishway, causing the fishway observation window to bear a higher head. The highest flood level encountered will reach 243.28m, which is the flood standard of 1000 years, that is, the maximum head that the observation window glass needs to bear is about 6.8m, which is about 2.7 times the head borne during normal operation.

[0028] In order to adapt to the higher water head, tempered glass needs to be used. At the same time, in order to ensure that the fragments produced in case of glass damage during operation will not harm the passing fish, we selected tempered glass with high strength, bending strength and impact resistance 3 to 5 times higher than ordinary flat glass, which can better adapt to long-term underwater conditions, acid and alkali resistance, good safety performance, uniform internal stress, and a network of cracks after breaking.

[0029] According to one of the conventional design ideas, a large piece of glass with a size of 2m×3m (length×height) can be used, and its maximum size exceeds the conventional specifications of similar glass products in the current market. If it is customized, the cost of a single piece of glass will increase; in addition, hydropower projects are generally located in remote areas, and large-sized glass is not convenient for transportation from the manufacturer to the construction site, nor is it conducive to construction and installation. The second conventional design idea is to use vertical dividing columns and horizontal dividing beams to divide the glass into several small pieces of glass with equal area. Since a water-stop structure needs to be set at the dividing columns or dividing beams around each piece of glass, after being divided into several small pieces, multiple vertical dividing columns and horizontal dividing beams will occupy the effective observation area of ​​the observation window, resulting in discontinuous sight and visual obstruction, especially in the height direction of the water depth. Multiple through-going horizontal dividing beams make the viewing angle along the direction of fish swimming have multiple blind spots, which has a great impact on the observation effect. After comprehensively analyzing the pros and cons of conventional practices, this project adopts the design principle of reducing the number of vertical dividing columns and horizontal dividing beams with the premise of minimizing the impact on the observation effect. The key point is to ensure that there is no visual obstruction along the height direction of the water depth. The horizontal horizontal dividing beams that are conventionally designed as through are designed as non-through beams that are staggered along the height direction of the water depth. The design adopts the scheme of setting a through vertical dividing column to divide the window hole into two equal widths along the swimming direction of the fish, and the net width of each glass is 1.2m. Then set a horizontal horizontal dividing beam in each of the two window holes of equal width. The horizontal beams are not located at the same elevation. An upper horizontal horizontal dividing beam is set in one window hole, and a lower horizontal horizontal dividing beam is set in the other window hole. According to the water-stop structure and concrete structure requirements at the dividing column or dividing beam around the glass, the width or height of the dividing column and dividing beam is set to 0.4m.

[0030] After a comprehensive analysis of the influence of the upper and lower horizontal transverse split beams on the observation effect and the observation angle, the positions of the upper and lower horizontal transverse split beams should be staggered as much as possible along the elevation direction. After considering the influence of the split beam width or height, the upper horizontal transverse split beam is set at about two-thirds of the height of the observation window hole, that is, the bottom of the split beam is 2m away from the bottom of the window hole; the lower horizontal transverse split beam is set at about one-third of the height of the window hole in the water depth direction of the observation window, that is, the top of the split beam is 1m away from the bottom of the window hole. According to this arrangement, the maximum size of a single glass in the observation window is reduced from the original 2m×3m (length×height) to 1.2m×2m (length×height), and the size of another small piece of glass is 1.2m×0.6m (length×height). After such an arrangement, the maximum size of a single glass does not exceed the conventional specifications of glass on the market. Due to the reduction of the glass area, the stress state of the glass is improved, the safety risk of glass operation is further reduced, and the cost of glass is also reduced. The reduced size of the glass is easier to transport and install, and the asymmetrical arrangement type also increases the decorative effect of the observation window to a certain extent.

[0031] The practice of the project shows that the structural type described in the present invention not only meets the requirements of structural safety and normal functional use, but also has a simple structure and good economy, and serves as a good reference for the related designs of other similar projects.

[0032] The embodiments described above are only used to illustrate the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement them accordingly. The patent scope of the present invention cannot be limited only by this embodiment, that is, any equivalent changes or modifications made to the spirit disclosed by the present invention still fall within the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fishway observation room observation window arrangement structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a vertical dividing column and a horizontal dividing beam of a concrete structure arranged within the range of an observation window for dividing the size and area of ​​a glass window, and glass installed on the vertical dividing column and the horizontal dividing beam to form an observation window. The vertical dividing column (1) arranged along the water depth height direction is a through column, and the horizontal dividing beam arranged along the fish swimming direction comprises an upper horizontal horizontal dividing beam (2) and a lower horizontal horizontal dividing beam (3); the vertical dividing column (1) divides the observation window hole into two left and right observation windows of the same width along the fish swimming direction, and the upper horizontal horizontal dividing beam (2) and the lower horizontal horizontal dividing beam (3) are respectively located in different observation windows and are not located at the same elevation; the maximum size of the observation window hole divided by the vertical dividing column (1), the upper horizontal horizontal dividing beam (2) and the lower horizontal horizontal dividing beam (3) does not exceed the maximum size of conventional specifications of similar glass products, and the size range of the window hole along the water depth direction is 1.5 to 2.4 m, and the size range of the window hole along the fish swimming direction is 1.0 to 1.5 m.

2. The observation window arrangement structure of the fishway observation room according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The upper horizontal transverse split beam (2) is located at two-thirds of the height of the observation window hole in the water depth direction of the observation window, and the lower horizontal transverse split beam (3) is located at one-third of the height of the observation window hole in the water depth direction of the observation window.

3. The observation window arrangement structure of the fishway observation room according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The width of the vertical partition column (1) along the swimming direction of the fish, and the height of the upper horizontal transverse partition beam (2) and the lower horizontal transverse partition beam (3) along the water depth direction are all 0.4 to 0.6 m.

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