A three-dimensional loading test device and loading test method for underground engineering

Abstract

The present invention discloses a three-way loading test device for underground engineering, including a fixed frame, a mobile material cart, a loading device, a traction system, and a hydraulic system. A vertical loading device is provided on the upper part of the fixed frame to realize loading in a first direction from top to bottom. A loading device is provided on the left side of the mobile material cart to realize loading in a second direction from left to right. A loading device is provided on the right side of the mobile material cart to realize loading in a third direction from right to left. The second loading direction is exactly opposite to the third loading direction and is perpendicular to the vertical first loading direction. A traction system is provided at the lower part of the mobile material cart to realize the moving of the mobile material cart into or out of the fixed frame. The hydraulic system provides a pressure load to the loading device. The present invention also discloses a loading test method for this test device. The use of the device and method can make the force of the test model more realistic, and the test process is more convenient and quick, and the test cost is lower.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of geotechnical engineering model tests, and in particular to an underground engineering three-dimensional loading test device and a loading test method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of underground engineering represented by tunnels in my country, how to evaluate the design quality of underground tunnel engineering and how to ensure the rationality of engineering structure design is an increasingly challenging issue; its research involves geotechnical engineering, structural engineering, and mechanical fields such as seepage and vibration, and the impact of traffic loads on engineering is also very significant.

[0003] At present, there is a lack of practical and effective analysis methods at home and abroad, and estimates are mainly based on engineering experience, which is very blind. In order to make up for the limitations of theoretical analysis and verify the rationality of theoretical analysis, especially to analyze the rationality of the structural design of underground projects under different load conditions, it is necessary to use model test methods to conduct simulation tests.

[0004] In the process of model testing, in order to simulate the stress state of underground projects such as tunnels, it is necessary to realize pressurization in three directions in the cross section of the tunnel, i.e., pressurization on the top of the tunnel and on both sides of the tunnel, and to observe the deformation and other parameters inside the tunnel model, a closed three-dimensional space must be formed; then how to conveniently fill the test materials, perform pressure loading, observe the test state, and unload the test materials during the test are all urgent problems to be solved; the existing solutions such as Tongji University Zhang Zixin CN102235942A "A Multifunctional Model Test System for Tunnels and Underground Projects" use a fixed experimental box, which is very inconvenient; the present invention is proposed under this background. . Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and disclose a three-dimensional loading test device and a loading test method for underground engineering, so as to solve the inconvenience of loading and unloading test filling materials and realize the three-dimensional loading test very conveniently.

[0006] The first technical solution adopted by the present invention is a three-way loading test device for underground engineering, including a fixed frame, a mobile material cart, a loading device, a traction system, and a hydraulic system. A vertical loading device is provided on the upper part of the fixed frame to realize loading in a first direction from top to bottom, a loading device is provided on the left side of the mobile material cart to realize loading in a second direction from left to right, and a loading device is provided on the right side of the mobile material cart to realize loading in a third direction from right to left. The second loading direction is exactly opposite to the third loading direction and is perpendicular to the vertical first loading direction. A traction system is provided at the lower part of the mobile material cart to realize moving the mobile material cart into or out of the fixed frame, and the hydraulic system provides pressure load to the loading device.

[0007] In the above scheme, the loading device includes a loading head, a loading rod, and a loading seat. Since there are three surfaces with the loading device on the fixed frame and the mobile trolley, the loading seats of the loading device are respectively installed on the two side surfaces of the trolley frame of the fixed frame and the mobile trolley. The loading head is connected to the loading rod, and the loading head applies a pressure load to the test material. The loading seat transmits the reaction force to the fixed frame or the mobile trolley. The loading rod and the loading seat can realize relative movement under the action of the hydraulic system.

[0008] Furthermore, the loading devices on the upper part of the fixed frame can be one or more groups, and the loading devices on the left and right sides of the mobile trolley can be one or more groups; each group of loading devices can load simultaneously or be selectively grouped as needed.

[0009] In the above scheme, the mobile trolley includes a front door, a rear door and a trolley frame. When the mobile trolley enters the fixed frame, the front door, the rear door, the loading heads of the loading devices on the left and right sides of the mobile trolley, the bottom of the trolley frame, and the loading devices on the top of the fixed frame together form a closed three-dimensional space for filling test materials and performing loading tests on the materials in three directions.

[0010] Furthermore, there is a small door on the front door and the rear door of the mobile material car; the small door can be opened or closed to observe the stress state of the test model or to simulate the excavation of a tunnel, etc.

[0011] Furthermore, the front door of the mobile material cart includes a front door panel, a hinge, and a locking mechanism; the front door panel is connected to the material cart frame through a hinge to achieve opening and closing of the front door panel, and the front door panel is also fixed to the material cart frame through a locking mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the rear door of the mobile material cart includes a rear door panel, a rear door driving cylinder, a guide wheel, and a rear door guide rail; the rear door panel is connected to the piston rod of the rear door driving cylinder, the cylinder seat of the rear door driving cylinder is connected to the material cart frame, the guide wheel is arranged below the rear door panel, and the rear door panel is supported on the rear door guide rail, the rear door guide rail is installed above the bottom of the mobile material cart, and the rear door driving cylinder drives the rear door panel to realize movement in the front and rear directions relative to the material cart frame, thereby realizing the regional loading test.

[0013] Furthermore, a lifting cylinder and a plurality of legs are provided at the lower part of the material cart frame of the mobile material cart, and a traction system connected to the lower part of the mobile material cart includes a traction machine, a traction frame, rollers, and a material cart guide rail; the upper part of the traction frame of the traction system is connected to the lower part of the material cart frame through the lifting cylinder, and the lifting cylinder can drive the mobile material cart to move up and down; when the lifting cylinder is extended, the distance between the traction frame and the material cart frame increases until the rollers on the traction frame contact with the guide rails, and at the same time, the legs at the lower part of the mobile material cart are separated from the fixed frame, and the rollers can roll on the guide rails, and the traction system can be used to tow the mobile material cart to realize the mobile material cart entering or leaving the fixed frame; when the lifting cylinder is shortened, the distance between the traction frame and the material cart frame is reduced until the legs at the lower part of the mobile material cart contact with the fixed frame, and the rollers on the traction frame are separated from the guide rails, so that all loads on the mobile material cart are transmitted to the fixed frame through the legs, so that the rollers and lifting cylinders of the traction system are subjected to force during the loading test.

[0014] By adopting the above-mentioned first technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects.

[0015] A three-way loading test device for underground engineering provided by the present invention comprises a fixed frame, a mobile trolley, a loading device, a traction system, a hydraulic system, etc. The loading devices are respectively arranged on the upper part of the fixed frame and on both sides of the mobile trolley, and together constitute a loading function in three directions, which can simulate the actual stress state of the top and both sides of underground engineering such as tunnels; preferably, the loading devices in each direction can also be grouped for loading tests, which is convenient for simulating the local stress state in each direction; preferably, the mobile trolley and the traction system can be moved out of the fixed frame in cooperation, which is convenient for filling test materials and installing test instruments; preferably, the front door of the mobile trolley can be opened, which is convenient for unloading test materials; preferably, the rear door of the mobile trolley can be translated forward and backward relative to the trolley frame, which is convenient for adjusting the test area to meet the requirements of different tests.

[0016] The second technical solution of the present invention is a three-dimensional loading test method for underground engineering, which adopts the preferred combination scheme of the above-mentioned three-dimensional loading test device for underground engineering, and the loading test method includes four steps:

[0017] The first step is that during the test preparation, the mobile material cart is outside the fixed frame, and the test materials, pre-embedded test models and related test sensors are filled in the mobile material cart;

[0018] The second step is to pull the mobile trolley to the predetermined position in the fixed frame through the traction system, and then shorten the lifting cylinder under the mobile trolley, and slowly lower the mobile trolley so that the outriggers contact the fixed frame and the rollers are separated from the guide rails. The load of the mobile trolley is transferred to the fixed frame through the outriggers.

[0019] The third step is to load the test material from three directions separately or simultaneously, record the test data, and reset the loading device after the loading test is completed;

[0020] The fourth step is to extend the lifting cylinder at the bottom of the mobile material cart until the roller contacts the guide rail and the legs are separated from the fixed frame, so that the load of the mobile material cart is transferred to the fixed frame through the roller and the guide rail. The mobile material cart is towed to the outside of the fixed frame through the traction system, and the test materials are cleaned to prepare for the next test.

[0021] Preferably, the above-mentioned three-way loading test device for underground engineering is used, and a structure capable of parallel movement of the rear door panel in the front-rear direction is adopted, and the loading test method thereof includes five steps:

[0022] Before the above four steps, a preliminary operation step is added to move the rear door panel parallel to a predetermined position, and then the above four steps are performed.

[0023] By adopting the above-mentioned second technical solution, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects.

[0024] The present invention provides a three-way loading test method for underground engineering. By controlling the shortening of the lifting cylinder between the mobile material cart and the traction frame, the loading load generated in the vertical direction during loading can be transferred to the fixed frame through the legs to avoid overloading of the rollers; by controlling the extension of the lifting cylinder between the mobile material cart and the traction frame, the mobile material cart can be rolled out by rollers when moving out of the fixed frame to reduce traction; adding and cleaning test materials and test instruments are convenient and quick, and the force transmission during the test loading process is safe and reliable; preferably, by moving the rear door in parallel to a predetermined position, the test area can be reduced to a certain range to reduce the test cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure assembly of a three-dimensional loading test device for underground engineering according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the front structure of a mobile material vehicle and a loading device of a three-dimensional loading test device for underground engineering according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the rear structure of a mobile material vehicle, a loading device and a traction part of a three-dimensional loading test device for underground engineering of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of a loading device, a front door, a rear door, a frame base of a material vehicle, etc. of a three-way loading test device for underground engineering of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5It is a structural schematic diagram of a fixed frame, a loading device, a guide rail, etc. of a three-dimensional loading test device for underground engineering of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a rear door of a three-way loading test device for underground engineering according to the present invention being translated to one-third of the position;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the position of the rear door of a three-way loading test device for underground engineering according to the present invention being translated into two-thirds position;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a first step flow chart of a three-dimensional loading test method for underground engineering of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 This is a second step flow chart of a three-dimensional loading test method for underground engineering of the present invention;

[0034] In the figure, 1 is a fixed frame, 2 is a mobile material cart, 21 is a front door, 211 is a small door, 212 is a front door panel, 213 is a hinge, 214 is a locking mechanism, 22 is a rear door, 221 is a rear door panel, 222 is a rear door driving cylinder, 223 is a guide wheel, 224 is a rear door guide rail, 23 is a material cart frame, 24 is a lifting cylinder, 25 is a leg, 3 is a loading device, 31 is a loading head, 32 is a loading rod, 33 is a loading seat, 4 is a traction system, 41 is a traction machine, 42 is a traction frame, 43 is a roller, 44 is a material cart guide rail, and 5 is a hydraulic system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention; therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention claimed for protection, but merely represents the preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0037] Now combined Figures 1 to 9 The structure, function and loading test method of the solution of the present application are described in detail.

[0038] Preferred embodiment 1:

[0039] The preferred embodiment 1 of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional loading test device for underground engineering, referring to Figures 1 to 7 It includes a fixed frame 1, a mobile material cart 2, a loading device 3, a traction system 4, and a hydraulic system 5. A vertical loading device 3 is provided on the upper part of the fixed frame 1 to realize loading in a first direction from top to bottom. A loading device 3 is provided on the left side of the mobile material cart to realize loading in a second direction from left to right. A loading device 3 is provided on the right side of the mobile material cart to realize loading in a third direction from right to left. The second loading direction is exactly opposite to the third loading direction, is perpendicular to the vertical first loading direction and is on the same projection plane. A traction system is provided at the lower part of the mobile material cart 2 to realize moving the mobile material cart 2 into or out of the fixed frame 1. The hydraulic system 5 provides pressure loads to the loading devices 3 in three directions respectively.

[0040] In this embodiment, the loading device 3 includes a loading head 31, a loading rod 32, and a loading seat 33. Since the loading device 3 is provided on three surfaces of the fixed frame 1 and the mobile trolley 2, the loading seats of the loading device 3 are respectively installed on two side surfaces of the fixed frame 1 and the trolley frame 23 of the mobile trolley 2. The loading head 31 is connected to the loading rod 32. The loading head 31 applies pressure load to the test material from three directions respectively, and the loading seats 33 in three directions transmit the reaction force to the fixed frame 1 or the mobile trolley 2 respectively; the loading rod 32 and the loading seat 33 can realize relative movement under the action of the hydraulic system 5; when the loading rod 32 extends from the loading seat 33, loading is performed; when the loading rod 32 retracts into the loading seat 33, unloading is performed.

[0041] Preferably, in this embodiment, Figure 4 As shown, 3 rows and 3 columns of loading devices 3 are arranged in an array on the left and right sides of the mobile trolley 2, and correspondingly 3 rows and 3 columns of loading devices 3 are arranged in an array on the upper part of the fixed frame 1, together forming three loading surfaces; each loading surface has 9 loading devices 3, for a total of 27, and each loading device can be loaded individually or jointly.

[0042] Preferably, in this embodiment, Figure 2As shown, the mobile material vehicle 2 includes a front door 21, a rear door 22, and a material vehicle frame 23. The front door 21 includes a small door 211, a front door plate 212, a hinge 213, and a locking mechanism 214. The front door plate 212 is connected to the material vehicle frame 23 through the hinge 213 and can be opened and closed around the hinge 213; at the same time, the front door plate 212 is fixed to the material vehicle frame 23 through the locking mechanism 214; the front door plate 212 is provided with a small door 211 for observing the stress state of the test model inside or for simulating the excavation of a tunnel, etc.

[0043] Preferably, in this embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the mobile material cart 2 also includes a lifting cylinder 24 and 9 legs 25; the traction system 4 includes a traction machine 41, a traction frame 42, rollers 43, and a material cart guide rail 44; the lower part of the mobile material cart 2 is connected to the traction frame 42, and the upper part of the traction frame 42 is connected to the lower part of the material cart frame 23 through the lifting cylinder 24, and the lifting cylinder 24 can drive the mobile material cart to move up and down; when the lifting cylinder 24 is extended, the distance between the traction frame 42 and the material cart frame 23 increases until the roller 43 on the traction frame 42 contacts the material cart guide rail 44; at the same time, the legs 25 at the lower part of the mobile material cart 2 are connected to the fixed frame 1 is disengaged, the roller 43 can roll on the trolley guide rail 44, and the traction system can be used to traction the mobile trolley 2 to enable the mobile trolley 2 to enter or leave the fixed frame 1; when the lifting cylinder 24 is shortened, the distance between the traction frame 42 and the trolley frame 23 is reduced until the support legs 25 at the lower part of the mobile trolley 2 contact the lower part of the fixed frame 1, and the roller 43 on the traction frame 42 is disengaged from the trolley guide rail 44, so that all loads on the mobile trolley 2 are transferred to the fixed frame 1 through the support legs 25, so as to avoid overload damage to the roller 42 and the lifting cylinder 24 during the loading test.

[0044] The loading test method of this embodiment 1 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, it is divided into four steps:

[0045] The first step is that during the test preparation, the mobile material cart is outside the fixed frame, and the test materials, pre-embedded test models and related test sensors are filled in the mobile material cart;

[0046] The second step is to pull the mobile trolley to the predetermined position in the fixed frame through the traction system, and then shorten the lifting cylinder under the mobile trolley, and slowly lower the mobile trolley so that the outriggers contact the fixed frame and the rollers are separated from the guide rails. The load of the mobile trolley is transferred to the fixed frame through the outriggers.

[0047] The third step is to load the test material from three directions separately or simultaneously, record the test data, and reset the loading device after the loading test is completed;

[0048] The fourth step is to extend the lifting cylinder at the bottom of the mobile material cart until the roller contacts the guide rail and the legs are separated from the fixed frame, so that the load of the mobile material cart is transferred to the fixed frame through the roller and the guide rail. The mobile material cart is towed to the outside of the fixed frame through the traction system, and the test materials are cleaned to prepare for the next test.

[0049] Preferred embodiment 2:

[0050] On the basis of preferred embodiment 1, Figure 4 As shown, further, the rear door 22 includes a rear door plate 221, a small door 211, a rear door driving cylinder 222, a rear door guide wheel 223, and a rear door guide rail 224; the rear door plate 221 is connected to the piston rod of the rear door driving cylinder 222, the cylinder seat of the rear door driving cylinder 222 is connected to the material vehicle frame 23, the guide wheel 223 is arranged below the rear door plate 221, and the rear door plate 221 is supported on the rear door guide rail 224, and the rear door guide rail 224 is installed above the bottom of the mobile material vehicle 2, and the rear door driving cylinder 222 drives the rear door plate 221 to realize the movement in the front and rear directions relative to the material vehicle frame 23, so as to realize the regional loading test; as shown Figure 6 FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a rear door 22 of a three-way loading test device for underground engineering according to the present invention being translated to a position of one third of the way. Figure 7 The figure shows a schematic diagram of the rear door 22 of a three-way loading test device for underground engineering of the present invention being translated to a two-thirds position; before the loading test, the rear door needs to be fixed in a fixed position; such a setting is conducive to meeting the needs of loading tests in areas of different sizes.

[0051] Preferably, other structures or effects not mentioned in the preferred embodiment 2 can refer to the preferred embodiment 1.

[0052] The loading test method of this embodiment 2 is as follows: Fig. 9 As shown, it is divided into five steps: that is, on the basis of the loading method of the preferred embodiment 1, a pre-step is added to parallelly move the rear door panel 221 to a predetermined position, and then perform the subsequent four steps; in this way, the range size of the test area can be changed according to the test needs, which is conducive to reducing the test cost or testing a specific structural model.

[0053] The preferred embodiments described above only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be based on the attached claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional loading test device for underground engineering, characterized in that: It includes a fixed frame, a mobile material cart, a loading device, a traction system, and a hydraulic system. The upper part of the fixed frame is provided with a vertical loading device to realize loading in a first direction from top to bottom. The mobile material cart is provided with a loading device on the left side to realize loading in a second direction from left to right. The mobile material cart is provided with a loading device on the right side to realize loading in a third direction from right to left. The loading in the second direction is exactly opposite to the loading in the third direction and is perpendicular to the loading in the vertical first direction. The lower part of the mobile material cart is provided with a traction system to realize the moving of the mobile material cart into or out of the fixed frame. The hydraulic system provides pressure load to the loading device. The mobile material cart comprises a front door arranged at the front, a rear door arranged at the rear and a material cart frame; the front door, the rear door, the loading devices on the left and right sides of the mobile material cart, the bottom of the material cart frame, and the loading devices on the top of the fixed frame together form a closed three-dimensional space for filling the test material and performing loading tests on the material in three directions; The rear door of the mobile material vehicle comprises a rear door panel, a rear door driving oil cylinder, a guide wheel, and a rear door guide rail. The rear door panel is connected to the piston rod of the rear door driving oil cylinder. The oil cylinder seat of the rear door driving oil cylinder is connected to the material vehicle frame. The guide wheel is arranged below the rear door panel to support the rear door panel on the rear door guide rail. The rear door driving oil cylinder drives the rear door panel to move in the front-rear direction, thereby realizing the regional loading test. The loading device includes a loading head, a loading rod, and a loading seat. The loading seat is connected to a fixed frame or a mobile material cart, and the loading rod is connected to the loading head. The loading head applies a pressure load to the test material, and the loading seat transmits a reaction force to the fixed frame or the mobile material cart. The loading rod and the loading seat can achieve relative movement under the action of a hydraulic system.

2. The underground engineering three-dimensional loading test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The loading devices on the upper part of the fixed frame are one or more groups, and the loading devices on the left and right sides of the movable material cart are one or more groups.

3. The underground engineering three-dimensional loading test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front door and the rear door of the mobile material vehicle are each provided with a small door for observing the stress state of the test model or for simulating the excavation of a tunnel.

4. The underground engineering three-dimensional loading test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The front door of the mobile material cart includes a front door panel, a hinge, and a locking mechanism. The front door panel is connected to the material cart frame through the hinge to realize the opening and closing of the front door panel. The front door panel is fixed to the material cart frame through the locking mechanism.

5. The underground engineering three-dimensional loading test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The lower part of the mobile trolley is provided with a lifting cylinder and a plurality of legs. The traction system at the lower part of the mobile trolley includes a traction machine, a traction frame, rollers, and a trolley guide rail. The upper part of the traction frame of the traction system is connected to the lower part of the trolley frame through the lifting cylinder, and the lifting cylinder can drive the mobile trolley to move up and down.

6. A three-dimensional loading test method for underground engineering, using the three-dimensional loading test device according to claim 5, characterized in that: There are four steps involved: The first step is that during the test preparation, the mobile material cart is outside the fixed frame, and the test materials, pre-embedded test models and related test sensors are filled in the mobile material cart; The second step is to pull the mobile trolley to the predetermined position in the fixed frame through the traction system, and then shorten the lifting cylinder under the mobile trolley, and slowly lower the mobile trolley so that the outriggers contact the fixed frame and the rollers are separated from the trolley guide rails. The load of the mobile trolley is transferred to the fixed frame through the outriggers. The third step is to load the test material from three directions separately or simultaneously, record the test data, and conduct a loading test. After the loading test is completed, the top loading device is reset; The fourth step is to extend the lifting cylinder at the bottom of the mobile trolley until the roller contacts the trolley guide rail and the legs are separated from the fixed frame, so that the load of the mobile trolley is transferred to the fixed frame through the roller and the trolley guide rail. The mobile trolley is towed to the outside of the fixed frame through the traction system, and the test materials are cleaned to prepare for the next test.

7. A three-dimensional loading test method for underground engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that: It includes five steps: Before the four steps described in claim 6, a preliminary operation step is added to move the rear door panel in parallel to a predetermined position, and then the four steps described in claim 6 are performed.

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