Crusher before solid hazardous waste incineration

Abstract

The present invention discloses a crusher for the front stage of solid hazardous waste incineration, comprising: a casing, which is horizontally arranged and provided with end covers at both ends, one end of the casing is a feed end, and the other end is a discharge end, and at least two crushing chambers are provided in the axial direction of the casing, and the crushing chambers are cascaded in the feed and discharge directions; a main shaft, which is installed on the two end covers or the frame of the crusher through bearings and is coaxial with the casing, and a crushing component is installed on the main shaft on the shaft section located in the corresponding crushing chamber; a feed pipe cavity, which is installed at the feed end of the casing, and the feed pipe cavity is provided with a gate to feed the casing in time, and the gate is closed at the end of the current feeding stage. Based on the present invention, while meeting the requirements of effective crushing, the impact on the environment is small.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a crusher used for crushing solid hazardous waste before incineration. Background Art

[0002] Hazardous waste is often referred to as hazardous waste, hazardous residue or hazardous waste, or simply hazardous waste. This term has been recognized by society as early as the early 1970s. After several years of development, it was not until the mid-1970s that it was gradually generally accepted. Due to its potential, long-term and non-recoverable hazards, in order to be able to more reasonably and safely treat hazardous waste, the definition of hazardous waste must be more precise.

[0003] Hazardous wastes are defined by the United Nations Environment Programme as those wastes that are harmful to the human environment, except for radioactivity, whether they are produced, disposed of or transported, either individually or in combination. Hazardous wastes are defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as wastes that have physical, chemical or biological characteristics and require specific management and disposal processes in order to minimize their impact on the environment and human health.

[0004] At present, most domestic methods for treating hazardous waste are combustion or landfill. During the combustion process, because of the different sizes of solid waste, and because of the different fuel values ​​of the waste, the combustion capacity is also different, so a given amount of other fuel is generally mixed in for auxiliary combustion. However, as mentioned above, due to the different sizes of solid waste, the fuel is unevenly distributed in the mixture, resulting in relatively large particles in the feed, or relatively large parts that are difficult to fully burn. Moreover, some relatively large solid wastes are difficult to burn through, but due to the high heat in other places, they are coked, resulting in coking in the furnace.

[0005] In view of this, in the art, in order to improve the mixing uniformity between fuel and solid waste so that the solid waste can be fully burned, it is usually necessary to crush the mixture or the solid waste alone before feeding the mixture into the burner.

[0006] Chinese patent document CN211865157U discloses a waste material treatment device for garbage incineration, which has a crushing assembly in the upper part of a box body, and a screen plate under the crushing assembly, so that the crushed materials that meet the particle size requirements can be screened, and the remaining parts can be further crushed. The height of the screen plate has a certain floating space, in other words, the distance between the screen plate and the crushing assembly is variable. If too much material is accumulated under the crushing assembly in this structure, and the crushing assembly cannot reach the accumulated material, congestion will inevitably occur, and single-stage crushing often cannot achieve a good crushing effect, so that the obtained material particle size is uneven or due to the existence of the screen plate, the material between the crushing component and the screen plate cannot be further crushed.

[0007] Perhaps because combustion treatment is a relatively extensive treatment method, single-stage crushing is usually used for the crushing of hazardous waste materials. However, with the development of technology, multi-stage crushing has gradually been used in this field. Chinese patent document CN111906127A discloses a pretreatment system for solid organic hazardous waste, which includes a first screening unit, a crushing unit and a second screening unit in sequence along the direction of material movement, wherein the first screening unit can ensure that the material entering the crushing unit is initially a material with a given particle size, thereby facilitating the crushing of the crushing unit and reducing damage to the precision crushing components. The first screening unit is equivalent to screening after the first crushing, and the entire pretreatment system is equivalent to secondary crushing. However, the purpose of the pre-screening should be to avoid large materials (which cannot be screened) from entering directly. It can be understood that large materials still need to be processed, or in other words, they need to be pre-crushed. This treatment method is only equivalent to secondary crushing, and the pre-treatment of large materials does not belong to the first stage of secondary crushing in principle.

[0008] It should also be noted that hazardous waste materials often contain harmful components or materials containing certain harmful volatile substances. These harmful components and volatile materials are harmful to the human body or the environment to a certain extent, especially some components may directly put operators in danger. Crushing often generates heat and dust that directly carries harmful substances. The heat will cause the material temperature to rise, making the dust more active and volatile more violent. Compared with the normal temperature state, the rate of harmful components directly entering the environment in the form of dust or volatile gases during the crushing process will be higher. Traditional pre-combustion treatment is often open, which often has an adverse effect on the health of operators. Summary of the invention

[0009] The object of the present invention is to provide a crusher for the pre-incineration of hazardous solid waste which can achieve effective crushing and has less impact on the environment.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present invention, a crusher for the front stage of solid hazardous waste incineration is provided, comprising:

[0011] The casing is horizontally arranged with end covers at both ends, one end of the casing is a feed end, and the other end is a discharge end, and at least two crushing chambers are arranged in the axial direction of the casing, and the crushing chambers are cascaded in the feed and discharge directions;

[0012] The main shaft is mounted on the two end covers or the frame of the crusher through bearings and is coaxial with the casing. The main shaft is equipped with crushing components on the shaft section located in the corresponding crushing chamber;

[0013] The feed pipe cavity is installed at the feed end of the casing. The feed pipe cavity is provided with a gate to feed the casing in time, and the gate is closed when the current feeding stage ends.

[0014] Optionally, the feed tube cavity has two stages, and is adapted to be a first buffer cavity located at the front stage and a second buffer cavity located at the rear stage;

[0015] A first-level gate is provided between the two buffer chambers;

[0016] Correspondingly, the gate between the feed tube cavity and the casing is recorded as a secondary gate.

[0017] Optionally, a first conveying mechanism for fabric is provided between the feed tube cavity and the housing;

[0018] The cloth direction is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the casing.

[0019] Optionally, the first conveying mechanism is a reamer conveying mechanism with a reamer as a conveying component.

[0020] Optionally, the feed tube cavity is arranged vertically.

[0021] Optionally, the axis of the casing has an inclination angle relative to the horizontal plane, so that the discharge end is lower than the feed end;

[0022] The inclination angle shall not be less than 7 degrees and not more than 15 degrees.

[0023] Optionally, the crushing chamber has two stages, and a screen plate is provided between the two stages of the crushing chambers;

[0024] A powder raising chamber is provided at the rear stage of the two crushing chambers, and an annular plate is provided between the powder raising chamber and the crushing chamber at the rear stage of the two crushing chambers. The outer ring of the annular plate is connected to the inner wall of the shell, and the inner ring forms a passage.

[0025] Among them, the rotor adapted to be installed on the main shaft in the powder raising chamber is correspondingly provided with blades for turning the material.

[0026] Optionally, the blade is a spiral blade, and the feeding direction determined by the spiral is the direction pointing to the side of the crushing chamber.

[0027] Optionally, a discharge end of the shell is provided with a discharge pipe for sealingly directly connecting to the burner.

[0028] Optionally, the shell is adapted to be provided with a powder feeding bin at the discharge end to assist in feeding.

[0029] In the prior art, vertical crushing is often used, which makes crushing difficult to control. Different from the prior art, in the embodiments of the present invention, a horizontal crushing structure is used, and the flow of materials in the casing is easy to control. At the same time, for multiple cascade crushing chambers, the materials can be crushed step by step on the basis of the horizontal structure to ensure that the discharge particle size is relatively uniform and the crushing is relatively sufficient. It can be understood that the smaller the particle size of the material, the stronger its fluidity. Large particles of material tend to stay longer in the casing. Through the cascade method, materials with relatively uniform particle size can be obtained. In addition, the feed tube cavity of the casing is equipped with a gate, and a time-sharing feeding method is adopted. In the crushing stage, the gate is closed, and the dust, gas, etc. generated during the crushing process are not easy to overflow from the feed tube cavity, thereby being able to well avoid the harm to the on-site personnel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the top-sectional structure of a crusher at the front stage of solid hazardous waste incineration in one embodiment.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of a crusher at the front stage of solid hazardous waste incineration in one embodiment.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a crusher at the front stage of solid hazardous waste incineration in one embodiment.

[0033] In the figure: 1. main motor, 2. belt transmission mechanism, 3. main shaft, 4. bearing, 5. powder feeding bin, 6. impeller, 7. powder raising block, 8. powder raising bin, 9. aisle, 10. crushing ring, 11. pin rod, 12. crushing block, 13. hinged feeding mechanism, 14. primary crushing chamber, 15. screen plate, 16. secondary crushing chamber, 17. casing, 18. chain transmission mechanism, 19. second buffer chamber, 20. first buffer chamber, 21. feed port, 22. primary gate, 23. secondary gate, 24. discharge pipe, 25. discharge port flange, 26. base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The main feature that distinguishes horizontal and vertical types is the state of the spindle 3. Generally, a device whose spindle 3 is approximately horizontal is considered a horizontal device, such as a horizontal boring machine, whose spindle 3 is arranged horizontally.

[0035] The main shaft 3 being roughly horizontal does not require it to be absolutely horizontal. In some applications, the material flowing roughly in the horizontal direction can also be understood as horizontal. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the crusher serving as the pre-stage equipment for solid hazardous waste incineration, the material that is gradually refined during the crushing process flows in a roughly horizontal direction.

[0036] Figures 1 to 3 The crusher shown in the figure is arranged in the front stage of solid hazardous waste incineration in the solid waste treatment process equipment. Its main structure includes a casing 17 for constructing a relatively closed space, a crushing mechanism for crushing, and a feeding device for feeding.

[0037] For the housing 17, see Figure 1 and Figure 2 In the structure shown, the main body of the casing 17 is cylindrical, with end covers at both ends. The end covers and the casing body can be welded or removable, such as through a flange assembly structure. This structure is conducive to maintenance or repair of the equipment in the casing 17.

[0038] The casing 17 is horizontally arranged to adapt to the material flow, one end of which is the feed end, and the other end opposite to the feed end, that is, the other end is the discharge end. The material is fed from the feed end, and after being crushed, it is discharged from the discharge end.

[0039] The casing 17 as a whole can also be understood as a tube shell, and the material flows in its axial direction. It should be noted that this axial flow refers to the final macroscopic flow direction. During the crushing process, the movement form of the material is irregular, but the final direction is the other end of the tube shell, that is, the discharge end.

[0040] Based on the flow of materials, the materials are crushed gradedly. Compared with the vertical structure which is easily affected by gravity and makes the crushing quality difficult to control, in the horizontal structure, the material flow is less affected by gravity and the crushing accuracy is easy to control.

[0041] It can be understood that, for example, for solid particles, the smaller the particle size, the stronger the fluidity. For example, conventional powder can be transported as a fluid. Relatively speaking, in the process of graded crushing in the horizontal structure, finer materials will move to the discharge end relatively faster, while coarser materials will be easily fully crushed due to their longer residence time. The horizontal structure has a certain sorting ability, and the crushing time for materials of different coarseness and fineness will be different.

[0042] It is understandable that, based on the cascade, several crushing chambers must have different crushing particle sizes at the front and rear stages. In other words, the crushing components adapted to the crushing chamber at the front stage must have a relatively large particle size and relatively low requirements for raw materials, while the crushing chamber at the rear stage must have a relatively finer material and relatively higher requirements for raw materials. For example, fine grinding must not use raw stones as raw materials. The raw materials must have certain particle size requirements, and the ground materials must have finer particle sizes. In view of this, it is easy for technicians in this field to determine how to arrange the order of the crushing mechanisms at each level in the housing 17.

[0043] The two end covers of the housing 17 are provided with a center hole, which can be used as a bearing seat hole or as a through hole. When used as a bearing seat hole, the main shaft 3 is directly supported on the two end covers through bearings. If used as a through hole, the main shaft 3 is inserted into the housing 17 through the through hole, and the main shaft 3 is supported on the frame of the crusher through bearings.

[0044] Specifically, in Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the structure shown, it can be clearly seen that the main shaft 3 is mounted on the frame of the crusher through bearings. Figure 3 In the structure shown, the frame is the base 26 shown in the figure.

[0045] A split bearing seat is formed on the base 26 , and a bearing for supporting the main shaft 3 is installed in the split bearing seat.

[0046] A shaft seal may be used to seal the through hole and the main shaft 3 to reduce or prevent contaminants from escaping from the matching clearance between the main shaft and the through hole.

[0047] The main shaft 3 is used to introduce power into the casing. The components installed on the main shaft 3 rotate with the main shaft 3. The main shaft 3 and the casing 17 are coaxial.

[0048] At least one crushing component is mounted on the main shaft 3, and based on the foregoing description, it can be known that there are at least two types of crushing components to meet the needs of two-stage crushing.

[0049] As a consideration of environmental protection and working environment friendliness, in the embodiment of the present invention, the feeding no longer adopts open feeding, such as funnel feeding, but adopts the tube cavity feeding method, which makes a reasonable isolation between the feeding part and the crushing cavity part, and reduces the escape of pollutants from the feeding port. At the same time, since the discharge port can be directly connected to the burner, etc., the escape of pollutants can be reduced as a whole.

[0050] The discharge part is Figure 3 The structure shown includes a discharge pipe 24, which can be directly welded to the remaining pipe interface on the casing 17. The discharge pipe 24 has a discharge port flange 25 to be connected to, for example, the feed port of a burner through a flange connection.

[0051] With respect to the continuity of the discharge, in the conception of the present invention, the feeding is carried out in an intermittent feeding manner. Figure 2 and 3 The first buffer cavity 20 and the second buffer cavity 19 are shown in FIG.

[0052] Figure 2As can be seen in the figure, each end of the two buffer chambers is provided with a gate, specifically the first gate 22 and the second gate 23, for step-by-step feeding. In the figure, the feed tube cavity is defined as a buffer cavity, which is also due to the unevenness of the volume and density of the material itself. After the material enters the buffer cavity, it has a certain compression effect. At the same time, the unstable state of the feed amount caused by the unequal amount of feeding makes the amount of material entering the housing 17 each time roughly equal after passing through the buffer cavity.

[0053] In the embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to monitor whether a certain lumen is full, and if it is full, the gate of the lumen is opened to put the material into the next stage, and then the gate is closed. In this way, most of the harmful components generated by crushing that can escape can be effectively blocked by the gate.

[0054] On the whole, the gate can form a time-sharing feeding. Figure 2 The use of two-stage gates can further reduce the amount of harmful substances spilled by opening them at different times.

[0055] It should also be noted that in Figure 1 In the structure shown at the lower part of the casing 17, it is adapted to the powder feeding bin 5, and an impeller 6 is installed on the main shaft 3. The impeller 6 can be a centrifugal impeller, and the crushed material is sent into the discharge pipe 24 according to the centrifugal principle. The centrifugal impeller will also produce the effect of a centrifugal fan, and a certain amount of wind will enter the discharge pipe 24. After a certain level, there is a certain negative pressure in the casing 17, which can also reduce the mass of harmful substances escaping from the feed port.

[0056] Both the primary gate 22 and the secondary gate 23 can be constructed by using gate valves, which can be used as target elements for automatic control.

[0057] exist Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the structure shown, a first conveying mechanism for distributing materials is provided between the feed tube cavity and the casing 17; specifically, the distributing direction is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the casing 17, and is used for distributing materials in the horizontal direction so that the materials accumulated after buffering will not be too concentrated when entering the casing 17.

[0058] As mentioned above, if the gate is understood as a blockage, then it can be understood that for material transportation, once congestion occurs, the material will become relatively dense. In view of this, the first conveying mechanism is preferably a reamer conveying mechanism 13 with a reamer as a conveying component. The reamer can destroy the density of the material during the conveying process, thereby helping to improve the dispersion of the material in the casing 17.

[0059] In addition, considering that a funnel is generally used for feeding to facilitate the introduction of materials, the feeding lumen is set up with a vertical structure, using gravity to allow the material to enter the corresponding lumen, and an enrichment effect is produced based on the blocking of the gate.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the axis of the casing 17 has an inclination angle relative to the horizontal plane, so that the discharge end is lower than the feed end. The selection effect of gravity on materials of different particle sizes is utilized to make fine materials pass through the casing 17 faster, while coarse materials pass through the casing 17 relatively slowly. In other words, the coarse materials stay in the casing 17 for a relatively long time, thereby taking a longer time to be crushed.

[0061] Furthermore, the inclination angle is not less than 7 degrees and not more than 15 degrees. The inclination angle should not be too large, otherwise it will accelerate the passage of materials, and its gravity-based conveying effect will have a relatively large negative impact on the residence time required for crushing.

[0062] exist Figure 1 In the structure shown, the main shaft 3 is equipped with four different components. The first two stages focus on crushing, the third stage focuses on lifting, and the last stage focuses on conveying. A relatively smooth flow method is adopted between the three stages. The first stage and the second stage are separated by a screen plate 15. The main purpose is to prevent large materials from directly entering the last three stages. Large materials are more easily crushed in the coarse crushing with relatively strong crushing capacity.

[0063] Figure 1 In the first stage of crushing, a composite crushing component is used, one of which is a crushing block 12, which is actually a panel-type plate-like structure, and a plurality of them are arranged in the circumferential direction of the main shaft 3.

[0064] A pin rod 11 is also installed on the centrifugal side of the crushing block 12 for constructing a pin crusher, which can produce a strong splitting and crushing effect.

[0065] The second stage uses a crushing ring 10 for crushing, which is essentially a plurality of rod-shaped crushing elements parallel to the main axis 3 installed on the radial main rod or ring body.

[0066] The latter two stages mainly adopt the overflow method, specifically, the annular component is installed in the casing 17, the outer ring of the annular component is engaged with the inner wall of the casing 17, the inner ring forms a passage 9, and the distance between the inner and outer rings will determine the depth of the material retention of the previous stage. The material with relatively large density moves toward the discharge port side based on the overflow method. Some materials with large specific surface area but high density may move toward the discharge port side during drift.

[0067] Furthermore, the rotor adapted to be mounted on the main shaft in the powder raising chamber 8 is provided with blades for turning the material, thereby improving the fluidity of the powder.

[0068] In some embodiments, the blade is a spiral blade, and the feeding direction determined by the spiral is directed toward the crushing chamber side, which can cause the material with relatively large specific gravity or relatively large particle size to return the material and further crush it.

Claims

1. A crusher for the front stage of solid hazardous waste incineration, characterized in that: include: The casing is horizontally arranged with end covers at both ends, one end of the casing is a feed end, and the other end is a discharge end, and at least two crushing chambers are arranged in the axial direction of the casing, and the crushing chambers are cascaded in the feed and discharge directions; The main shaft is mounted on the two end covers or the frame of the crusher through bearings and is coaxial with the casing. The main shaft is equipped with crushing components on the shaft section located in the corresponding crushing chamber; A feed pipe cavity is installed at the feed end of the casing, and a gate is provided in the feed pipe cavity to feed the casing in time, and the gate is closed at the end of the current feeding stage; The feed tube cavity has two stages, and is adapted to be a first buffer cavity located at the front stage and a second buffer cavity located at the rear stage; A first-level gate is provided between the two buffer chambers; Accordingly, the gate between the feed tube cavity and the casing is recorded as a secondary gate, so as to reduce the spillage of harmful substances by staggered opening of the two-stage gates; The axis of the casing has an inclination angle relative to the horizontal plane, so that the discharge end is lower than the feed end; The inclination angle is not less than 7 degrees and not more than 15 degrees; The crushing chamber has two levels, and a screen plate is arranged between the two levels of crushing chambers. The first level crushing phase adopts a composite crushing component, which is a crushing block. The crushing block has a panel-type plate structure, and several of them are arranged around the main shaft. A pin bar is also installed on the centrifugal side of the crushing block to construct a pin crusher; The second stage crushing phase is crushed by a crushing ring, which is a main rod or ring body with several rod-shaped crushing elements parallel to the main axis installed in the radial direction; A powder raising chamber is provided at the rear stage of the two crushing chambers. An annular plate is provided between the powder raising chamber and the crushing chamber at the rear stage of the two crushing chambers. The outer ring of the annular plate is connected to the inner wall of the shell, and the inner ring forms a passage. The distance between the inner and outer rings determines the depth of the material retained at the previous stage. Among them, the rotor adapted to be installed on the main shaft in the powder raising chamber is correspondingly provided with blades for turning the material.

2. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: A first conveying mechanism for fabric is provided between the feed tube cavity and the housing; The cloth direction is a horizontal direction perpendicular to the axis of the casing.

3. The crusher according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first conveying mechanism is a reamer conveying mechanism using a reamer as a conveying component.

4. The crusher according to claim 3, characterized in that: The feeding tube cavity is arranged vertically.

5. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blade is a spiral blade, and the feeding direction determined by the spiral is the direction pointing to the crushing chamber side.

6. The crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that: The discharge end of the shell is provided with a discharge pipe for sealingly directly connecting to the burner.

7. The crusher according to claim 6, characterized in that The shell is adapted to be provided with a powder feeding bin at the discharge end to assist in feeding.

Images