A device and method for preparing activated carbon by self-heating continuously

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner, comprising a thermal reaction furnace, a double-sealed feeding mechanism is arranged on the top of the thermal reaction furnace, a discharging mechanism is arranged on the bottom, and several layers of blanking mechanisms are arranged inside, the blanking mechanisms include several rotating shafts, a flip plate arranged on each rotating shaft, and a driving member for driving the rotating shaft, two rows of baffles are vertically arranged between adjacent layers of blanking mechanisms, a blanking area is formed between the two rows of baffles, each row of baffles is composed of several baffles that are inclined with a low inner side and a high outer side and arranged in gaps, vents are formed on the outer side of one row of baffles on the blanking mechanisms other than the bottom layer, and the vents on the adjacent layers of blanking mechanisms are staggered; an air inlet is arranged at the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace for introducing high-temperature pyrolysis gas, and an air outlet is arranged at the top of the thermal reaction furnace for discharging low-temperature pyrolysis gas. The defects of low efficiency, poor circulation of activated gas, and large heat energy loss in the existing activated carbon preparation process are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of activated carbon preparation, and in particular to a device and method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner. Background Art

[0002] Activated carbon is a carbon material with special microcrystalline structure, well-developed pores, huge specific surface area and strong adsorption capacity. As an excellent adsorbent, it is widely used in food, chemical, petroleum, textile, metallurgy, light industry, papermaking, printing and dyeing and other industrial sectors, as well as medicine, environmental protection, national defense and many other fields.

[0003] At present, the equipment for preparing activated carbon is divided into two types: intermittent and continuous. Chinese patent document (application number 201310306054.6, application date 2013.07.20) discloses an integrated device and method for preparing activated carbon in a continuous manner, which has the following defects: ① Each reactor can only produce activated carbon intermittently, and each batch of activated carbon production requires opening the furnace to take out carbon and then reloading. The entire device requires at least three reactors, which apparently achieves continuous production, but in fact the efficiency of producing activated carbon is low; ② Before each opening of the furnace to take out carbon, the reactor needs to discharge pyrolysis gas to prevent pyrolysis gas leakage, and after loading, the air needs to be discharged to ensure the quality of pyrolysis gas, which has high labor costs and great control difficulty; ③ Each time the reactor is opened for loading, there will be heat energy loss. In short, the invented device cannot achieve integrated continuous production, has poor automated production capacity, low production efficiency, and large heat energy loss. In addition, the Chinese patent document (application number 201810856146.4, application date 2018.07.31) discloses a low-consumption continuous clean production activated carbon device and method, which has the following defects: ① The material accumulation is too thick, the activation gas circulation is not smooth, and the activation gas introduced from the bottom of the device is difficult to reach the top; ② High-temperature activation gas is introduced from the bottom of the device to provide thermal energy for the material reaction. The material reaction is divided into a pyrolysis stage and an activation stage. Since part of the high-temperature activation gas is discharged in the activation stage, the activation gas content entering the pyrolysis stage is reduced, and the energy utilization rate is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a device and method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner, which solves the defects of the existing activated carbon preparation process, such as low efficiency, poor circulation of activated gas, and large heat energy loss.

[0005] The present invention achieves the above-mentioned purpose through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A self-heating continuous activated carbon preparation device comprises a thermal reaction furnace, wherein a double-sealed feeding mechanism is arranged on the top of the thermal reaction furnace, a discharging mechanism is arranged on the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace, and a plurality of layers of blanking mechanisms are arranged in the thermal reaction furnace, wherein the blanking mechanisms comprise a plurality of rotating shafts arranged at intervals horizontally, a flip plate arranged on each rotating shaft, and a driving member for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, two rows of baffles are vertically arranged between adjacent layers of blanking mechanisms, a blanking area is formed between the two rows of baffles, each row of baffles is composed of a plurality of baffles which are inclined and arranged in gaps and are lower inside and higher outside, and vents are formed on the outer side of one row of baffles on the blanking mechanisms other than the bottom layer, and the vents on the adjacent layers of blanking mechanisms are staggered;

[0007] The bottom side of the thermal reaction furnace is provided with an air inlet for introducing high-temperature pyrolysis gas, and the top of the thermal reaction furnace is provided with an air outlet for discharging low-temperature pyrolysis gas.

[0008] A further improvement is that the flip plate is located in the middle of the rotating shaft, and the two rows of baffles just correspond to the positions of the two end ends of the flip plate.

[0009] A further improvement is that both ends of the rotating shaft extend out of the furnace wall of the thermal reaction furnace, and the driving member is composed of a transmission belt and a reduction motor. The transmission belt is sleeved on the end of the rotating shaft located outside the furnace wall. The transmission belt links all the rotating shafts in the same blanking mechanism, and the output end of the reduction motor is connected to the transmission belt.

[0010] A further improvement is that the inclination angle between the baffle and the vertical surface is 0-90°.

[0011] A further improvement is that the air inlet is connected to the outer space of one row of baffles on the bottom blanking mechanism in the thermal reaction furnace.

[0012] A further improvement is that the double-seal feeding mechanism includes an anaerobic bin, an upper hopper, a first gate valve and a second gate valve, the anaerobic bin is connected to the top of the thermal reaction furnace, an air extraction inlet is provided on the side of the anaerobic bin, the upper hopper is arranged at the top of the anaerobic bin, the first gate valve is arranged between the upper hopper and the anaerobic bin, and the second gate valve is arranged between the anaerobic bin and the thermal reaction furnace.

[0013] A further improvement is that a tar adsorption bin is formed on the top of the thermal reaction furnace, the bottom of the tar adsorption bin is connected to the top of the thermal reaction furnace, the top of the tar adsorption bin is connected to the bottom of the anaerobic bin, an agitator is provided in the tar adsorption bin, and the air outlet is provided on the side of the tar adsorption bin.

[0014] A further improvement is that the discharging mechanism includes a cooler, a lower material bin and a water-cooled screw conveyor, the cooler is connected to the bottom end of the thermal reaction furnace, the lower material bin is located below the cooler, and the water-cooled screw conveyor is connected to the bottom of the lower material bin.

[0015] A further improvement is that the cooler includes a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a motor, a driving wheel, two rotating joints, a rotating tray, a disc and a plurality of cooling pipes, the cooling pipes are arranged at intervals between the two discs, the outer sides of the two discs are respectively movably connected to the rotating trays, the two rotating joints are respectively connected to the outer sides of the two rotating trays, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are respectively connected to the two rotating joints, and the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are connected through all the cooling pipes, the driving wheel is arranged at the output end of the motor, one of the two discs has a gear, and the driving wheel is meshed with the gear on the disc.

[0016] A method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner, using the above device, comprises the following steps:

[0017] The materials for preparing activated carbon are put into the top of the thermal reaction furnace, and the driving parts in the material dropping mechanism of each layer are started to drive the flip plate to rotate, so that the materials fall layer by layer from top to bottom; at the same time, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas is introduced from the air inlet at the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace through an external burner, and the pyrolysis gas is blown into the baffle gap on one side of the material dropping area of ​​each layer, and then blown out from the baffle gap on the other side, and then flows upward through the vent, and so on to form an S-shaped flow trajectory from bottom to top;

[0018] When the material falls from each layer of the material drop zone, the material at the bottom of each layer of the material pile falls to the top of the next layer of the material pile, thereby directly and fully contacting with the flowing pyrolysis gas;

[0019] In the thermal reaction furnace, a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone and an activation zone are formed from top to bottom. The material first undergoes pyrolysis reaction in the drying zone and the pyrolysis zone to produce pyrolysis gas and semi-coke. After the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the gas outlet, a part of the pyrolysis gas returns to the thermal reaction furnace through the gas inlet as an activator, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas enters the burner as fuel gas. The semi-coke flows downward into the activation zone, and the micropore and mesopore structure of the semi-coke is continuously enriched under the action of the activator, and finally activated carbon is generated. The activated carbon is discharged from the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace after cooling.

[0020] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0021] (1) The carbonization reaction and activation reaction are carried out in one device, eliminating the furnace opening, cooling, and carbon removal processes, realizing the integrated continuous production of activated carbon and reducing heat energy loss;

[0022] (2) Biomass reacts at high temperatures to produce pyrolysis gas, part of which returns to the furnace as an activator, and the other part enters the burner as fuel gas. No external heating is required, achieving self-heating of the system and saving energy.

[0023] (3) The pyrolysis gas is blown in or out from the side of each layer of the blanking area, and most of the pyrolysis gas does not pass through the blanking area when it is transported upward, thus avoiding the problem of poor circulation;

[0024] (4) When the material is dropped, the material at the bottom of each layer of the pile falls to the top of the next layer of the pile, and is in direct and full contact with the flowing pyrolysis gas, which improves the heat exchange effect and reaction efficiency of the material, and the pile is heated evenly, thereby improving the yield of activated carbon. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a device for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner;

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 AA section view in;

[0027] Figure 3 for Figure 1 BB section view in;

[0028] Figure 4 for Figure 1 CC section view in;

[0029] Figure 5 for Figure 1 DD section view in;

[0030] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cooler;

[0031] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the disc structure with gears;

[0032] In the figure: 1. thermal reaction furnace; 2. rotating shaft; 3. flip plate; 4. driving member; 5. baffle; 6. material dropping area; 7. air vent; 8. air inlet; 9. air outlet; 10. oxygen-free bin; 11. upper hopper; 12. first gate valve; 13. second gate valve; 14. air extraction inlet; 15. tar adsorption bin; 16. agitator; 17. cooler; 171. water inlet pipe; 172. water outlet pipe; 173. motor; 174. driving wheel; 175. rotary joint; 176. rotating tray; 177. disc; 178. cooling pipe; 18. lower bin; 19. water-cooled screw conveyor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is necessary to point out here that the following specific implementation methods are only used to further illustrate the present application and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. Technical personnel in this field can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present application based on the above application content.

[0034] Combination Figures 1 to 7As shown, a self-heating continuous activated carbon preparation device comprises a thermal reaction furnace 1, a double-sealed feeding mechanism is provided on the top of the thermal reaction furnace 1 for feeding raw materials for preparing activated carbon, a discharging mechanism is provided at the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace 1 for discharging the generated activated carbon, and a plurality of layers of blanking mechanisms are provided in the thermal reaction furnace 1, the blanking mechanisms comprise a plurality of rotating shafts 2 arranged at intervals horizontally, a flip plate 3 provided on each rotating shaft 2, and a driving member 4 for driving the rotating shaft 2 to rotate, the rotating shaft 2 is movably overlapped with the furnace wall of the thermal reaction furnace 1 and can rotate; two rows of baffles 5 are vertically provided between adjacent layers of blanking mechanisms, a blanking area 6 is formed between the two rows of baffles 5, each row of baffles 5 is composed of a plurality of baffles 5 which are inclined with a low inside and a high outside and are arranged in gaps, and air vents 7 are formed at the outer position of one of the rows of baffles 5 on the non-bottommost blanking mechanisms (the air vents 7 are not provided on the bottommost blanking mechanism, refer to Figure 5 ), and the vents 7 on the adjacent layers of the blanking mechanism are staggered (refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , that is, they are arranged alternately on different sides); an air inlet 8 is provided on the bottom side of the thermal reaction furnace 1 for introducing high-temperature pyrolysis gas, and an air outlet 9 is provided on the top of the thermal reaction furnace 1 for discharging low-temperature pyrolysis gas.

[0035] In the present invention, the flip plate 3 is located in the middle position of the rotating shaft 2, and the two rows of baffles 5 just correspond to the two end positions of the flip plate 3, that is, the baffles 5 are located directly above the two end positions of the flip plate 3. In this way, the flip plate 3 just serves as the entire blanking area of ​​the blanking area 6, which is conducive to blanking.

[0036] In the present invention, both ends of the rotating shaft 2 extend out of the furnace wall of the thermal reaction furnace 1, and the driving member 4 is composed of a transmission belt and a reduction motor. The transmission belt is sleeved on the end of the rotating shaft 2 located outside the furnace wall. The transmission belt makes all the rotating shafts 2 in the same material-dropping mechanism work together, and the output end of the reduction motor is connected to the transmission belt. The reduction motor drives the transmission belt to rotate, thereby driving all the rotating shafts 2 and the flip plate 3 to flip. When the flip plate 3 flips to a horizontal angle, the material is stopped. When the flip plate 3 flips to an inclined or vertical angle, the material falls. In the process of material dropping, due to the stirring effect of the flip plate 3, the material at the bottom of each layer of the material pile falls to the upper part of the material pile of the next layer, and is directly and fully in contact with the flowing pyrolysis gas, thereby improving the heat exchange effect and reaction efficiency of the material, and the material pile is evenly heated, thereby improving the yield rate of activated carbon.

[0037] In the present invention, the inclination angle between the baffle 5 and the vertical plane is 0-90°, preferably 15-25°. The angle is not easy to be too large or too small. The baffle 5 can prevent the material from leaking out of the gap of the baffle 5 under the premise of ensuring normal ventilation; in addition, the downward inclined design of the inner side of the baffle 5 allows the pyrolysis gas to blow obliquely downward toward the material, which is conducive to the full contact between the pyrolysis gas and the material.

[0038] In the present invention, the air inlet 8 is connected to the outer space of one row of baffles 5 on the bottom blanking mechanism in the thermal reaction furnace 1, and the pyrolysis gas entering the thermal reaction furnace 1 first passes through the baffles 5 and enters the blanking area 6 of this layer.

[0039] In the present invention, the double-seal feeding mechanism includes an anaerobic bin 10, an upper hopper 11, a first gate valve 12 and a second gate valve 13. The anaerobic bin 10 is connected to the top of the thermal reaction furnace 1. An air extraction port 14 is provided on the side of the anaerobic bin 10. The upper hopper 11 is arranged at the top of the anaerobic bin 10. The first gate valve 12 is arranged between the upper hopper 11 and the anaerobic bin 10. The second gate valve 13 is arranged between the anaerobic bin 10 and the thermal reaction furnace 1. When feeding, the first gate valve 12 and the second gate valve 13 are closed at the same time, the anaerobic bin 10 is evacuated, the material is put into the upper hopper 11, and then the first gate valve 12 is opened to make the material fall quickly into the anaerobic bin 10. Then the first gate valve 12 is closed and the second gate valve 13 is opened to make the material fall into the thermal reaction furnace 1. The double-seal feeding mechanism can realize sealed feeding and prevent excessive oxygen from entering the furnace.

[0040] In the present invention, a tar adsorption bin 15 is formed on the top of the thermal reaction furnace 1. The bottom of the tar adsorption bin 15 is connected to the top of the thermal reaction furnace 1. The top of the tar adsorption bin 15 is connected to the bottom of the oxygen-free bin 10. A stirrer 16 is provided in the tar adsorption bin 15. The gas outlet 9 is provided on the side of the tar adsorption bin 15. During the pyrolysis of the material, a certain amount of tar will be produced. The tar will begin to condense and precipitate below 300°C, and exist in a gaseous state above 300°C. The temperature in the thermal reaction furnace 1 is greater than 300°C, so the tar produced will flow upward in a gaseous form into the tar adsorption bin 15. The temperature in the tar adsorption bin 15 is relatively low (100-150°C). After the tar is condensed and adsorbed by the material, it enters the furnace to participate in the reaction. After multiple reforming, the tar is removed and completely cracked into small molecular pyrolysis gas and semi-coke. The pyrolysis gas is discharged, and the semi-coke falls and continues to participate in the reaction, thereby ensuring the clean production of the equipment.

[0041] In the present invention, the discharging mechanism includes a cooler 17, a lower bin 18 and a water-cooled screw conveyor 19. The cooler 17 is connected to the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace 1, the lower bin 18 is located below the cooler 17, and the water-cooled screw conveyor 19 is connected to the bottom of the lower bin 18. The activated carbon produced falls through the cooler 17, enters the lower bin 18 after being cooled, and is finally discharged by the water-cooled screw conveyor 19.

[0042] In the present invention, the cooler 17 includes a water inlet pipe 171, a water outlet pipe 172, a motor 173, a driving wheel 174, two rotating joints 175, a rotating tray 176, a disc 177 and a plurality of cooling pipes 178. The cooling pipes 178 are arranged at intervals between the two discs 177. The outer sides of the two discs 177 are respectively movably connected to the rotating trays 176. The two rotating joints 175 are respectively connected to the outer sides of the two rotating trays 176. The water inlet pipe 171 and the water outlet pipe 172 are respectively connected to the two rotating joints 175, and the water inlet pipe 171 and the water outlet pipe 172 are connected through all the cooling pipes 178. The driving wheel 174 is arranged at the output end of the motor 173. One of the two discs 177 has a gear, and the driving wheel 174 is meshed and connected with the gear on the disc 177. During the falling process of the activated carbon, it will fall through the gaps between the cooling tubes 178. Cooling liquid or low-temperature pyrolysis gas is passed through the cooling tubes 178 to achieve cooling of the activated carbon. The motor 173 drives the disc 177 to rotate, thereby driving all the cooling tubes 178 to rotate, so that the material will not accumulate and block the gap channels.

[0043] The present invention also provides a method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner, which utilizes the above-mentioned device and comprises the following steps:

[0044] The biomass material for preparing activated carbon is put into the top of the thermal reaction furnace 1, and the driving member 4 in each layer of the material dropping mechanism is started to drive the flip plate 3 to rotate, so that the material falls layer by layer from top to bottom; at the same time, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas is introduced from the air inlet 8 at the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace 1 through an external burner (not shown in the figure), and the pyrolysis gas is blown into the gap of the baffle plate 5 on one side of the material dropping area 6 of each layer, and then blown out from the gap of the baffle plate 5 on the other side, and then flows upward through the vent 7, and so on to form an S-shaped flow trajectory from bottom to top;

[0045] When the material falls from each layer of the material drop zone 6, the material at the bottom of each layer of the material pile falls to the upper part of the next layer of the material pile, thereby directly and fully contacting with the flowing pyrolysis gas;

[0046] The temperature in the thermal reaction furnace 1 increases from top to bottom, and a drying zone, a pyrolysis zone and an activation zone are formed in sequence. The material first undergoes pyrolysis reaction in the drying zone and the pyrolysis zone to produce pyrolysis gas and semi-coke. After the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the gas outlet 9, a part of the pyrolysis gas returns to the thermal reaction furnace 1 through the gas inlet 8 as an activating agent, and the other part of the pyrolysis gas enters the burner as fuel gas. The semi-coke flows downward into the activation zone, and the micropore and mesopore structure of the semi-coke is continuously enriched under the action of the activating agent, and finally activated carbon is generated. The activated carbon is discharged from the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace 1 after cooling.

[0047] It should be noted that during the processing, the temperature of the area in the thermal reaction furnace 1 needs to be controlled, for example, the temperature in the oxygen-free bin 10 is room temperature (25°C), the temperature in the tar adsorption bin 15 is 100-150°C, the temperature in the thermal reaction furnace 1 is 300-900°C, and the temperature in each layer of the blanking area 6 decreases layer by layer from bottom to top. In order to control the temperature, the flow rate and flow velocity of the pyrolysis gas can be adjusted, or the material reaction time can be controlled.

[0048] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner, the method being based on a device for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner, the device comprising a thermal reaction furnace (1), Features: The top of the thermal reaction furnace (1) is provided with a double-sealed feeding mechanism, the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace (1) is provided with a discharging mechanism, and a plurality of layers of blanking mechanisms are provided inside the thermal reaction furnace (1), the blanking mechanisms comprising a plurality of rotating shafts (2) arranged at intervals horizontally, a flip plate (3) arranged on each rotating shaft (2), and a driving member (4) for driving the rotating shaft (2) to rotate, two rows of baffles (5) are vertically arranged between adjacent layers of blanking mechanisms, a blanking area (6) is formed between the two rows of baffles (5), each row of baffles (5) is composed of a plurality of baffles (5) which are inclined and arranged with gaps and are lower inside and higher outside, and a vent (7) is formed on the outer side of one of the rows of baffles (5) on the blanking mechanisms other than the bottom layer, and the positions of the vents (7) on the blanking mechanisms of adjacent layers are staggered; The bottom side of the thermal reaction furnace (1) is provided with an air inlet (8) for introducing high-temperature pyrolysis gas, and the top of the thermal reaction furnace (1) is provided with an air outlet (9) for discharging low-temperature pyrolysis gas; The method steps include: The material for preparing activated carbon is put into the top of the thermal reaction furnace (1), and the driving parts (4) in the material dropping mechanism of each layer are started to drive the turning plate (3) to rotate, so that the material falls from top to bottom layer by layer; at the same time, high-temperature pyrolysis gas is introduced from the air inlet (8) at the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace (1), and the pyrolysis gas is blown into the gap of the baffle plate (5) on one side of the material dropping area (6) of each layer, and then blown out from the gap of the baffle plate (5) on the other side, and then flows upward through the vent (7), and so on to form an S-shaped flow trajectory from bottom to top; When the material falls from each layer of the material drop zone (6), the material at the bottom of each layer of the material pile falls to the top of the next layer of the material pile, thereby directly and fully contacting with the flowing pyrolysis gas; A drying zone, a pyrolysis zone and an activation zone are formed in sequence from top to bottom in the thermal reaction furnace (1). The material first undergoes a pyrolysis reaction in the drying zone and the pyrolysis zone to generate pyrolysis gas and semi-coke. After the pyrolysis gas is discharged from the gas outlet (9), a portion of the pyrolysis gas returns to the thermal reaction furnace (1) through the gas inlet (8) as an activating agent, and another portion of the pyrolysis gas enters the burner as fuel gas. The semi-coke flows downward into the activation zone and continuously enriches the micropore and mesopore structure of the semi-coke under the action of the activating agent, ultimately generating activated carbon. The activated carbon is discharged from the bottom of the thermal reaction furnace (1) after cooling.

2. A method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner according to claim 1, Features: The flip plate (3) is located in the middle of the rotating shaft (2), and the two rows of baffles (5) just correspond to the positions of the two end ends of the flip plate (3).

3. The method for preparing activated carbon by self-heating continuous method according to claim 1, Features: Both ends of the rotating shaft (2) extend out of the furnace wall of the thermal reaction furnace (1); the driving member (4) is composed of a transmission belt and a reduction motor; the transmission belt is sleeved on the end of the rotating shaft (2) located outside the furnace wall; the transmission belt enables all the rotating shafts (2) in the same blanking mechanism to be linked; and the output end of the reduction motor is connected to the transmission belt.

4. The method for preparing activated carbon by self-heating continuous method according to claim 1, Features: The inclination angle between the baffle plate (5) and the vertical plane is 0-90°.

5. The method for preparing activated carbon by self-heating continuous method according to claim 1, Features: The air inlet (8) is connected to the outer space of one row of baffles (5) on the bottom material drop mechanism in the thermal reaction furnace (1).

6. The method for preparing activated carbon by self-heating continuous method according to claim 1, Features: The double-seal feeding mechanism comprises an anaerobic bin (10), an upper hopper (11), a first gate valve (12) and a second gate valve (13); the anaerobic bin (10) is connected to the top of a thermal reaction furnace (1); an air extraction inlet (14) is provided on the side of the anaerobic bin (10); the upper hopper (11) is arranged at the top of the anaerobic bin (10); the first gate valve (12) is arranged between the upper hopper (11) and the anaerobic bin (10); and the second gate valve (13) is arranged between the anaerobic bin (10) and the thermal reaction furnace (1).

7. A method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner according to claim 6, Features: A tar adsorption bin (15) is also formed on the top of the thermal reaction furnace (1), the bottom of the tar adsorption bin (15) is connected to the top of the thermal reaction furnace (1), the top of the tar adsorption bin (15) is connected to the bottom of the oxygen-free bin (10), an agitator (16) is provided in the tar adsorption bin (15), and the gas outlet (9) is provided on the side of the tar adsorption bin (15).

8. The method for preparing activated carbon by self-heating continuous method according to claim 1, Features: The discharging mechanism comprises a cooler (17), a lower material bin (18) and a water-cooled screw conveyor (19); the cooler (17) is connected to the bottom end of the thermal reaction furnace (1); the lower material bin (18) is located below the cooler (17); and the water-cooled screw conveyor (19) is connected to the bottom of the lower material bin (18).

9. A method for preparing activated carbon in a self-heating continuous manner according to claim 8, Features: The cooler (17) comprises a water inlet pipe (171), a water outlet pipe (172), a motor (173), a driving wheel (174), two rotating joints (175), a rotating tray (176), a disc (177), and a plurality of cooling pipes (178). The cooling pipes (178) are arranged between the two discs (177) at intervals. The outer sides of the two discs (177) are movably connected to the rotating tray (176). The two rotating joints (175) They are respectively connected to the outside of two rotating trays (176); the water inlet pipe (171) and the water outlet pipe (172) are respectively connected to two rotating joints (175); the water inlet pipe (171) and the water outlet pipe (172) are connected to each other through all cooling pipes (178); the driving wheel (174) is arranged at the output end of the motor (173); one of the two discs (177) has a gear, and the driving wheel (174) is meshedly connected with the gear on the disc (177).

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