Capacitive wind speed sensor and wind speed measurement method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a capacitive wind speed sensor and a wind speed measurement method, wherein the capacitive wind speed sensor comprises a base, a bearing sleeve, a rotating shaft, a bracket, a conductive plug steel sheet 1 and a conductive plug steel sheet 2, the base is provided with a bearing sleeve, the bearing sleeve is inserted with a rotating shaft, the top of the rotating shaft is connected to the bracket, one side of the bracket is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 1, the other side of the bracket is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 2, a capacitive detection module is provided inside the base, the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both electrically connected to the capacitive detection module, and the wind speed is quickly calculated by using a capacitive wind speed sensor to measure the wind speed. The present invention has a simple and novel structure, low manufacturing cost, high detection sensitivity, and a simple measurement method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of wind speed sensors, and in particular to a capacitive wind speed sensor and a wind speed measurement method. Background Art

[0002] A wind speed sensor is a sensor that continuously measures wind speed. It is widely used in meteorology, agriculture, engineering machinery and other fields. According to the measurement principle, it can be generally divided into mechanical wind speed sensors (propeller type, cup type), Pitot tube wind speed sensors and ultrasonic wind speed sensors.

[0003] Mechanical wind speed sensors (propeller type and cup type) generally rely on wind to drive three uniform cups to rotate, and the Hall switch induction magnet outputs a pulse signal, which is converted by counter technology to obtain the actual wind speed value. However, this type of sensor is greatly affected by the dynamic balance of the three cups, and the weight of the cups is uneven, so the measured wind speed is inaccurate.

[0004] The Pitot tube wind speed sensor needs to be used with a differential pressure sensor, which is relatively expensive;

[0005] Ultrasonic wind speed sensors use ultrasonic emission and echo to calculate wind speed. They have high requirements on the consistency of the probes, and each one needs to be calibrated, making them difficult to manufacture. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a capacitive wind speed sensor with novel structure, high detection sensitivity and low manufacturing cost.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a capacitive wind speed sensor includes a base, a bearing sleeve, a rotating shaft, a bracket, a conductive plug steel sheet 1 and a conductive plug steel sheet 2, the base is provided with a bearing sleeve, the bearing sleeve is inserted with a rotating shaft, the top of the rotating shaft is connected to the bracket, one side of the bracket is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 1, the other side of the bracket is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 2, the base is provided with a capacitive detection module, and the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both electrically connected to the capacitive detection module.

[0008] Preferably, bearings for fitting the rotating shaft are provided at the top and bottom of the bearing sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the bracket is I-shaped.

[0010] Preferably, the conductive plug steel sheet one and the conductive plug steel sheet two are both conductive plug steel sheets with a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0011] Preferably, the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both rectangular or circular.

[0012] Preferably, the conductive plug steel sheet one and the conductive plug steel sheet two are arranged to be parallel and opposite to each other.

[0013] Preferably, the capacitance detection module is connected to a cable, and the other end of the cable is connected to a meter.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for measuring wind speed using the capacitive wind speed sensor, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0015] S1. Assemble the capacitive wind speed sensor and place it at the application site;

[0016] S2. The relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed is obtained through the change of the pressure difference and the sensor capacitance. The specific process is as follows:

[0017] The wind blows through the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2. The change of wind speed causes the pressure difference △P inside and outside the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 to change. The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are displaced, and the spacing changes accordingly, thereby causing the sensor capacitance Cx between the conductive steel sheet 1 and the conductive steel sheet 2 to change. The relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed is as shown in formula (1):

[0018]

[0019] Where:

[0020] △P——pressure difference between the inside and outside of the plug steel sheet, unknown quantity,

[0021] ρ——air density, known quantity,

[0022] V——wind speed;

[0023] S3. Measure the circuit through the capacitance detection module, and calculate the sensor capacitance Cx between the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 through formula (2):

[0024]

[0025] Where:

[0026] ui——input voltage signal, a known quantity, determined during circuit design,

[0027] uo——output voltage signal, measured by analog-to-digital converter, thus obtaining the sensor capacitance Cx,

[0028] Cx——sensor capacitance, unknown quantity,

[0029] Ci - fixed capacitance, a known quantity, determined when the circuit is involved;

[0030] S4. From equations (1) and (2), it can be obtained that there is a functional relationship f between the sensor capacitance and the wind speed. The functional relationship f is a fixed value obtained through a large number of experiments. The functional formula of wind speed and sensor capacitance is as follows (3):

[0031] V=f(C X )…………(3);

[0032] S5. Substituting equation (2) into equation (3) yields the following corresponding equation (4), thereby obtaining the wind speed V:

[0033]

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0035] 1. The present invention detects the capacitance value between the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 through a capacitance detection module, and has a novel and simple structure and a low overall manufacturing cost;

[0036] 2. The I-shaped bracket is more stable and firm;

[0037] 3. Both the first and second conductive plug steel sheets are ultra-thin conductive plug steel sheets with a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm, which improves the detection sensitivity. The first and second conductive plug steel sheets are set to be parallel and facing each other, so the measured capacitance value is more accurate.

[0038] 4. The method of measuring wind speed using a capacitive wind speed sensor is simple and convenient to calculate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 2 It is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 3 This is the measurement diagram of the circuit by the capacitance detection module.

[0042] In the figure: 1. base, 11. capacitance detection module, 2. bearing sleeve, 21. bearing, 3. bracket, 31. rotating shaft, 32. conductive plug steel sheet 1, 33. conductive plug steel sheet 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined Figure 1-3 The present invention is described in detail. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are used to explain the present invention but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0044] A capacitive wind speed sensor includes a base 1, a bearing sleeve 2, a rotating shaft 31, a bracket 3, a conductive plug steel sheet 1 32 and a conductive plug steel sheet 2 33. The base is provided with a bearing sleeve, and the rotating shaft is inserted in the bearing sleeve. The top and bottom of the bearing sleeve are provided with bearings 21 for fitting the rotating shaft. The top of the rotating shaft is connected to the bracket. The bracket is I-shaped. One side of the bracket is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 1, and the other side of the bracket is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 2. The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are set to be parallel and facing each other, and the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both rectangular or circular. A capacitance detection module is provided inside the base, and the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both electrically connected to the capacitance detection module.

[0045] The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both conductive ultra-thin plug steel sheets with a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm.

[0046] The capacitance detection module is connected with a cable, and the other end of the cable is connected with a meter.

[0047] During the implementation process, the capacitive wind speed sensor is first installed and placed in the application site. Since the conductive plug steel sheet 1 32 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 33 are fixedly installed on both sides of the bracket 3 and kept parallel and facing each other, cables are led out from the ultra-thin conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the ultra-thin conductive plug steel sheet 2 along the bracket 3 to connect to the circuit of the capacitance detection module 11 of the base. When the wind blows, the conductive plug steel sheet 1 32 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 33 rotate to a direction parallel to the wind by means of the bearing 21. When the wind blows toward the conductive plug steel sheet 1 32 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 33 When the wind blows through the middle, the air pressure between the conductive plug steel sheet 1 32 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 33 is reduced, and the air pressure outside is greater than the air pressure inside, so that the conductive plug steel sheet 1 32 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 33 are deformed toward the middle, forming a small displacement change. According to the capacitive principle, the distance between the two conductive plug steel sheets changes, resulting in a change in capacitance. The capacitance detection module measures the circuit between the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 to obtain the sensor capacitance, and then uses the capacitive wind speed sensor to measure the wind speed to obtain the wind speed. The specific steps are as follows:

[0048] S1. Assemble the capacitive wind speed sensor and place it at the application site;

[0049] S2. The relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed is obtained through the change of the pressure difference and the sensor capacitance. The specific process is as follows:

[0050] The wind blows through the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2. The change of wind speed causes the pressure difference △P inside and outside the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 to change. The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are displaced, and the spacing changes accordingly, thereby causing the sensor capacitance Cx between the conductive steel sheet 1 and the conductive steel sheet 2 to change. The relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed is as shown in formula (1):

[0051]

[0052] Where:

[0053] △P——pressure difference between the inside and outside of the plug steel sheet, unknown quantity,

[0054] ρ——air density, known quantity,

[0055] V——wind speed;

[0056] S3, measure the circuit through the capacitance detection module (such as Figure 3 ), and the sensor capacitance Cx between the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 is obtained by formula (2):

[0057]

[0058] Where:

[0059] ui——input voltage signal, a known quantity, determined during circuit design,

[0060] uo——output voltage signal, measured by analog-to-digital converter, thus obtaining the sensor capacitance Cx,

[0061] Cx——sensor capacitance, unknown quantity,

[0062] Ci - fixed capacitance, a known quantity, determined when the circuit is involved;

[0063] S4. From equations (1) and (2), it can be obtained that there is a functional relationship f between the sensor capacitance and the wind speed. The functional relationship f is a fixed value obtained through a large number of experiments. The functional formula of wind speed and sensor capacitance is as follows (3):

[0064] V=f(C X )…………(3);

[0065] S5. Substituting equation (2) into equation (3) yields the following corresponding equation (4), thereby obtaining the wind speed V:

[0066]

[0067] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present invention are introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used herein to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the embodiments of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only applicable to help understand the principles of the embodiments of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the embodiments of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for measuring wind speed using a capacitive wind speed sensor, characterized in that: The capacitive wind speed sensor comprises a base (1), a bearing sleeve (2), a rotating shaft (31), a bracket (3), a conductive plug steel sheet 1 (32) and a conductive plug steel sheet 2 (33); the base (1) is provided with a bearing sleeve (2); the bearing sleeve (2) is inserted with a rotating shaft (31); the top of the rotating shaft (31) is connected to the bracket (3); one side of the bracket (3) is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 1 (32); the other side of the bracket (3) is provided with a conductive plug steel sheet 2 (33); a capacitive detection module (11) is provided inside the base (1); the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both electrically connected to the capacitive detection module; The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are arranged to be parallel and face each other. The specific steps of the method for measuring wind speed using the capacitive wind speed sensor are as follows: S1. Assemble the capacitive wind speed sensor and place it at the application site; S2. The relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed is obtained through the change of the pressure difference and the sensor capacitance. The specific process is as follows: The wind blows through the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2. The change of wind speed causes the pressure difference △P inside and outside the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 to change. The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are displaced, and the spacing changes accordingly, thereby causing the sensor capacitance Cx between the conductive steel sheet 1 and the conductive steel sheet 2 to change. The relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed is as shown in formula (1): Where: △P——pressure difference between the inside and outside of the plug steel sheet, unknown quantity, ρ——air density, known quantity, V——wind speed; S3. Measure the circuit through the capacitance detection module, and calculate the sensor capacitance Cx between the conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 through formula (2): Where: ui——input voltage signal, a known quantity, determined during circuit design, uo——output voltage signal, measured by analog-to-digital converter, thus obtaining the sensor capacitance Cx, Cx——sensor capacitance, unknown quantity, Ci - fixed capacitance, a known quantity, determined when the circuit is involved; S4. From equations (1) and (2), it can be obtained that there is a functional relationship f between the sensor capacitance and the wind speed. The functional relationship f is a fixed value obtained through a large number of experiments. The functional formula of wind speed and sensor capacitance is as follows (3): V = f(CX)(3); S5. Substituting equation (2) into equation (3) yields the following corresponding equation (4), thereby obtaining the wind speed V:

2. The method for measuring wind speed using a capacitive wind speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top and bottom of the bearing sleeve are both provided with bearings (21) mounted on the rotating shaft.

3. The method for measuring wind speed using a capacitive wind speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bracket (3) is in an I-shape.

4. The method for measuring wind speed using a capacitive wind speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both conductive plug steel sheets with a thickness of 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm.

5. The method for measuring wind speed using a capacitive wind speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conductive plug steel sheet 1 and the conductive plug steel sheet 2 are both rectangular or circular.

6. The method for measuring wind speed using a capacitive wind speed sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capacitance detection module is connected with a cable, and the other end of the cable is connected with a meter.

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