Method for in-situ complexation using surfactants for foam control and conditioning

Abstract

A cleaning composition and method of using the same are disclosed, the cleaning composition comprising a first composition comprising an anionic surfactant and a second composition comprising a cationic surfactant, wherein the first composition and the second composition are maintained in separate containers and dispensed and combined to form a combined foam, the combined foam having a reduced volume over a desired time after combination.

Description

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 013,693, filed April 22, 2020, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present invention includes compositions and methods for forming surfactant in situ complexation that provide controlled lathering and improved rinsability of surfactant from a user’s skin or hair. BACKGROUND

[0004] It is generally desirable for cleansing compositions to provide rapid and abundant lathering, especially when used by a user. Lathering is a good indicator to the user that the product is working to clean the body, however, lathering products often require a large amount of water and time to rinse the foam off of the body, and furthermore, even though foam is a visual indicator of good cleaning efficacy, sometimes users can perceive it as less gentle to the skin. Generally, foaming cleansers can be effective at cleaning, but can not leave the skin feeling moisturized. Examples include soap-based cleansers and sodium laureth sulfate-based cleansers. Some attempts to provide lathering cleansers with some moisturized skin feel and touch include structured surfactant systems and emulsions in micellar formulations containing emollients and conditioning components, among others. Other attempts to provide cleansers with a significant moisturized skin feel and touch include oil-based cleansing systems, also known as body washes. While these systems provide good skin conditioning and a desirable pampered skin feel and touch, these cleansers do not lather.

[0005] The above prior art cleansers can lather well, but require long rinse times and have only moderate skin conditioning effects, or provide a desirable pampered skin feel, but do not lather. Thus, there remains a desire for a product that has good initial lathering, but has a rapidly decomposing foam to cue the user of gentleness and allow for a simpler, faster rinse off. Furthermore, there is also a desire to provide skin conditioning, thereby providing a soft and smooth perceived experience on the skin, which indicates to the user a benefit such as moisturization. To achieve significant conditioning, typically cleansing compositions include large amounts of oils and high molecular weight polymers, which have an impact on the transparency of the product.

[0006] The present invention relates to a cleansing system that provides an initial lathering composition to be applied to the skin, wherein the lather breaks down over a desired period of time. The breakdown of the lather allows for easier, faster rinsing off and cues the user of mildness. In addition, the cleansing system transitions into a moisturizing conditioning system during the process of lather breakdown. The cleansing system exhibits an initial high lather volume, rich and creamy lathering effect, followed by a rapid lather breakdown and easy rinsing, while providing a moist conditioning to the skin with a mild, sensory touch and feel benefit. The cleansing system can also optionally include a moisturizer or conditioner to provide enhanced moisturization. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 1 a Initial lather volume is shown for Comparative Examples C1-C5 and Inventive Examples E1-E2.

[0008] Figure 1 b Rotary cylinder lather volume is shown for Comparative Examples C6-C8.

[0009] Figure 2a And Figure 2b In-use lather results are shown for Example C9. Figure 2a Initial lather at dispensing is shown, and Figure 2b In-use lather results are shown.

[0010] Figure 3a And Figure 3b In-use lather results are shown for Example C10. Figure 3a Initial lather at dispensing is shown, and Figure 3b In-use lather results are shown.

[0011] Figure 4a And Figure 4b In-use lather results are shown for Example E3. Figure 4a Initial lather at dispensing is shown, and Figure 4b In-use lather results are shown.

[0012] Figure 5a And Figure 5b In-use lather results are shown for Example C11. Figure 5a Initial lather at dispensing is shown, and Figure 5b In-use lather results are shown.

[0013] Figure 6a Sensory panel test results for conditioning level are shown for Examples C12-C13 and E4.

[0014] Figure 6b Sensory panel test results for softness are shown for Examples C12-C13 and E4.

[0015] Figure 7 Initial foam volume (open symbols) and foam volume after homogenization (closed symbols) for SLES and G6 are shown over a range of charge molar ratios. Figure 7 The line in is the guide of the eye. SUMMARY

[0016] The present invention relates to a cleansing composition and methods of making and using the cleansing composition. The cleansing composition can comprise a combination of: a first composition comprising an anionic surfactant; and a second composition comprising a cationic surfactant, wherein the cationic surfactant is a cationic compound; wherein the first composition and the second composition are maintained in separate containers and are each separately dispensed in the form of a foam, and wherein the first composition and the second composition are mixed together to form the cleansing composition. The cleansing composition can exhibit one or more parameters, including initial foam volume, charge molar ratio of surfactants, weight percent of surfactants, value of foam reduction, foam retention time, and rinse time.

[0017] There is also a method of cleansing a target skin area comprising one or more of the following steps: having a first composition comprising an anionic surfactant in a first container; having a second composition comprising a cationic surfactant in a second container; simultaneously dispensing the first composition and the second composition so that they contact each other as a foam upon dispensing to form a combined composition, the combined composition having an initial foam volume; applying the combined composition to the target skin area, wherein the combined composition within about 30 seconds of application to the target skin area results in a foam-reduced composition, the foam-reduced composition having a reduced foam volume that is less than 70% of the initial foam volume; and rinsing the foam-reduced composition from the target skin area. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention relates to a cleansing system, methods of using the cleansing system, kits and devices for dispensing the cleansing system, and combinations thereof. As used herein, the term "cleaning system" relates to a composition or blend of compositions that is applied by a user to the skin, hair, or other body surface to clean the desired body surface. The cleansing system can be in any form, but is advantageously maintained in a liquid form. It can be desirable for the cleansing system to be dispensed as a foaming liquid, or as multiple foaming liquids that are mixed together by the user or that can be mixed together by the user. The cleansing system generally includes at least one carrier, such as water, that is safe to use on the body surface of the user.

[0019] As used throughout this patent application, the term "foam" refers to a mixture of a gas (typically air) and an aqueous liquid containing a surface active agent (such as a surfactant). The gas exists in the form of bubbles, which typically have a radius of 0.1 millimeter to 10 millimeters. The liquid phase surrounds the bubbles, separating them from one another with a film of the liquid phase at the gas-liquid interface that has the surface active agent. For "wet foams" (spherical bubbles), the volume ratio of liquid phase to gas phase is 0.1 to 0.3, respectively, and for "dense foams" (polyhedral bubbles), the volume ratio of liquid phase to gas phase is less than 0.1. A "foaming composition" produces such a foam, for example, by a typical personal care foam pump. Once produced, the foam must exhibit a measure of foam stability, i.e., at least 70% of the initial foam volume remains 1 minute after the foam is produced in the absence of agitation, disturbing the foam. As further used herein, the term "foamed composition" is the foam produced from the "foaming composition." The "foaming composition" includes an aqueous solution of a surfactant in water. Additional components can include solvents, salts, emollients, polymers, preservatives, and the like. As described below, the foaming composition can be foamed by expelling the composition in the form of a foam using one or more devices to foam the composition.

[0020] In use, a user applies a cleansing system to the body, which cleansing system comprises two foamed compositions described below. The user applies the two or more foamed compositions to a desired area or areas of a surface to be treated, such as the body, including areas of, for example, skin or hair, as desired. After a desired length of time of foam application, referred to as a foam retention period, the now foamed combined compositions begin to break down and result in a foam-reduced composition. During the foam retention period, there is a perceptible breakdown of the foam, resulting in the foam-reduced composition. The remaining foam volume of the foam-reduced composition can be measured in any desired manner, and in one aspect, can be measured by the high shear foam mixing test described below. The remaining foam volume is no greater than about 70% of the initial foam volume or no greater than about 50% of the initial foam volume or no greater than about 30% of the initial foam volume, and can be less than about 20% of the initial foam volume, as measured by the high shear foam mixing test. The absence of a significant amount of foam signals the user that the application is complete, the cleansing system is mild, and the user can stop applying the system to his or her body and rinse it off. Alternatively, the user can continue to apply the system even after the foam retention period is complete. The user then rinses the cleansing system from the surface or body area to which it was applied, such as by applying water, which requires less time and water than rinsing a typical cleanser, as there is no or only little foam to rinse after the foam has broken down by use of the present innovation. The cleansing system, such as those described herein, cleanses the body surface of dirt and oil, as well as other components desired to be removed from the body, such as makeup or other substances.

[0021] Additionally, the cleansing systems of the present application not only cleanse the body surface to which they are applied, but also provide significant conditioning to the body surface during and after the cleansing process, thereby providing a desirable sensory experience on the skin, for example, a soft and smooth feel to the user that indicates a benefit such as care and moisturization. The cleansing systems of the present application can optionally include moisturization. If included, moisturization is achieved and / or enhanced by including one or more moisturizing elements in the cleansing system, as described below.

[0022] The present application addresses many of the problems of currently available cleansing systems. For example, structured surfactant systems stabilize dispersed oil droplets by close packing (volume fraction greater than 65%) which allows for good cleansing and lathering and some conditioning, but these systems generally require high levels of surfactant and have the potential for skin irritation and surfactant type limitations, and they generally require long rinse times. Micellar cleansing formulations lather well, but generally require long rinse times. When cleansers are formulated with oils for conditioning, they generally exhibit less than ideal lathering characteristics due to the need to stabilize the oil droplets by surfactants. High lathering, as well as the inability to condition effectively, are inherent to those systems because the surfactants retain their ability to lather throughout the application period and emulsify dirt and oils (including emollients / conditioning oils / ingredients) and during the subsequent rinse-off process. An alternative approach is to use oil cleansers (often referred to as body washes) to improve the skin care and touch feel aspects of cleansing formulations. Oil cleansing formulations generally contain large amounts of oil, and due to the absence of an effective surfactant and the presence of high oil levels, these oil cleansing formulations do not provide sufficient lathering and cleansing efficacy, and thus are more perceived by consumers as a lotion, rather than a cleanser. Finally, soap-based cleansing formulations do provide good lathering, but do not provide suitable skin conditioning to the user, and they have a high pH (>8) which leads to and amplifies user-unwanted skin irritation.

[0023] The present application can be better understood by the following description. As used herein, the following terms are defined. The "first composition" is a composition comprising a product containing at least one cationic surfactant (described in more detail below) and is substantially free or free of any anionic surfactant. The "second composition" is a composition comprising at least one anionic surfactant, wherein the second composition is substantially free or free of any cationic surfactant (including those described below). The first foamed composition is a foam made from the first composition, for example by dispensing from a dispensing device in the form of a foamed product. The second foamed composition is a foam made from the second composition, for example by dispensing from a dispensing device in the form of a foamed product. The foamed combination composition is a blend of the first foamed composition and the second foamed composition. The foamed combination composition is created during use, or can be created immediately upon dispensing the first foamed composition and the second foamed composition in a manner that brings the two compositions into contact with each other during dispensing.

[0024] The "foam retention period" is the length of time beginning when (1) the first foamed composition and the second foamed composition are mixed to form the foamed combination composition (which can be, for example, when the two foamed compositions are applied to a skin surface or can be upon their initial mixing to form the foamed combination composition) and ending when (2) there is a perceptible breakdown of the foam and no further reduction in the foam. The remaining foam volume, which can be measured by the High Shear Foam Mix Test (described below), is the same as described above, for example, it can be no more than about 70% of the initial foam volume or no more than about 50% of the initial foam volume or no more than about 30% of the initial foam volume, and even more preferably can be less than about 20% of the initial foam volume. The resulting composition is referred to as a "foam-reduced composition". It should be understood that the term "foam-reduced" as used herein does not mean that there is no foam at all, but rather is a relative term referring to a perceptible reduction in the volume of foam in the composition. In use, the foam-reduced composition can be achieved after the user has applied the foamed combination composition to the desired target skin area. The High Shear Foam Mix Test can be used to evaluate the composition.

[0025] The present application provides a cleansing system, a method of using a cleansing system, a method of packaging and / or dispensing a cleansing system, and a kit comprising a cleansing system, wherein the cleansing system comprises a first composition and a second composition. The first composition is a composition comprising a cationic surfactant (including those described below), and the second composition is a composition comprising an anionic surfactant. As described above, the first composition is free of anionic surfactants, and the second composition is free of cationic surfactants (including those described below).

[0026] The first and second compositions are stored separately from one another. It is preferred that the first and second compositions are maintained separately, such as in separate chambers within the same device or separate devices. Useful devices include foam generating devices or dispensing devices that can dispense a foam. The foam generator / dispensing device (or separate devices, if used) can be pressurized or non-pressurized, with or without propellant, can be a hand-held device, or can be a countertop device. Examples of dual chamber dispensers include U.S. Patent No. 7,307,051, U.S. 6,161,729, U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005 / 0184090, and Patent Publications: ES2140550T3, MX199804602A, ZA199404678A, MX206737B, and GB2540574, the entire contents of each of these patents are incorporated herein by reference.

[0027] In use, the first and second compositions are dispensed separately, such that they each individually provide a first foamed composition and a second foamed composition. The first and second foamed compositions are brought into contact with one another after being dispensed from their respective chambers, resulting in a foamed combined composition. It can be desirable for the first and second compositions to be dispensed in a side-by-side manner, such that they each immediately come into contact with one another upon dispensing to form the foamed combined composition. Alternatively, it can be desirable for the first and second compositions to be dispensed and brought into contact with one another by the user to form the foamed combined composition. The first foamed composition can have an initial foam volume of at least 1.5 mL or at least 3 mL or at least 4 mL when dispensed, and the second foamed composition can have an initial foam volume of at least 1.5 mL or at least 3 mL or at least 4 mL when dispensed. When the two compositions are initially combined together, the foamed combined composition can have an initial foam volume of at least 3 mL, 6 mL, or 8 mL. The initial foam volume can be measured according to the initial foam volume upon dispensing from the foam pump method described below. As described above, after the foamed compositions are combined together, the resulting foamed combined composition begins to break down its foam content to a resulting composition having a lower foam volume. The user can apply the first and second foamed compositions to one or more surfaces of the body and / or hair as desired, where a) the first and second foamed compositions clean the surfaces, and b) the foamed combined composition is generated by the user upon mixing. The foamed combined composition rapidly loses its foam volume, which ultimately results in a lower foam volume, as described above, and can continue to be applied / dispensed onto the surfaces and rinsed off. The foamed combined composition can lose its foam through agitation or use by the user, or can lose its foam through the high shear foam mixing test described below.

[0028] As described above, the foaming combination of compositions begins to decrease its foam volume at the onset of the foam retention period. It is desirable for the foam retention period to be less than about 30 seconds or less than about 20 seconds or less than about 10 seconds, depending on whether and how the user applies and mixes or agitates the two or more foaming compositions during use. After the foam bubbles collapse, a reduced-foam composition is formed. One benefit of the present invention is that the presence of the reduced-foam composition on the user's skin or hair provides a sensory cue to the user that the product has been sufficiently applied. In addition, the presence of the reduced-foam composition allows for quick-rinse performance and, if a moisturizing agent is included, provides moisturization to the body surface, as compared to the foaming compositions. Furthermore, the reduced-foam composition provides effective conditioning, skin feel, soft touch, and slip due to the complexation of the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant from the first foaming composition and the second foaming composition. Complexation transforms the anionic surfactant and the cationic surfactant from foaming and emulsifying surfactants to a non-foaming or low-foaming component that exhibits emollient behavior. Such in-situ transformation allows different desired properties / behaviors to be combined into a single cleansing system at different points of use.

[0029] It is important that the first composition and the second composition remain separate from one another until they are combined (either immediately by the side-by-side dispensing device or by the user using the combination). The benefits of using a foaming combination of compositions that undergoes a physical change during the foam retention period cannot be achieved by using the compositions separately or by mixing the compositions together into one composition prior to use. Remaining separate and being dispensed until the desired point of use allows the initial foaming characteristics of the foaming combination of compositions to be met, but then to collapse to form a reduced-foam composition in a relatively short period of time, thereby providing the benefits of the present invention.

[0030] Cationic surfactant :

[0031] Cationic surfactants can be used in the cleansing compositions and can include any desired cationic surfactant. Classes of cationic surfactants suitable for use in the present application include alkyl quaternary ammonium salts (monoalkyl quaternary ammonium salts, dialkyl quaternary ammonium salts, trialkyl quaternary ammonium salts), benzyl quaternary ammonium salts, ester quaternary ammonium salts, ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salts, amido quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl amine oxides and corresponding alkyl amines, and mixtures thereof, wherein the alkyl groups have from about 6 carbon atoms to about 30 carbon atoms, preferably from about 8 to 22 carbon atoms, and even more preferably from about 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of alkyl quaternary ammonium salts include lauryl-trimethyl ammonium chloride, coco-trimethyl ammonium bromide, myristyl-ethyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride. Non-limiting examples of benzyl quaternary ammonium salts include lauryl-dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, coco-dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, decyl-dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. Non-limiting examples of ester quaternary ammonium salts include diethyl lauroyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, ethyl cocoate trimethyl ammonium methyl sulfate, triethanol based ester quaternary ammonium salts. Non-limiting examples of ethoxylated quaternary ammonium salts include the Berol series from Akzo Nobel (as described in U.S. Patent No. 6,605,584 B2), lauryl-hydroxyethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, lauryl-3-hydroxyethyl dimethyl ammonium bromide, coco-triethanol dimethyl ammonium ethosulfate. Non-limiting examples of amido quaternary ammonium salts include lauroylamidopropyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride, cocoamidopropyl-trimethyl ammonium bromide, lauroylamidopropyl PG-dimethyl ammonium chloride, cocoamidopropyl PG-dimethyl ammonium chloride, octylamidopropyl PG-dimethyl ammonium chloride, and octylamidopropyl PG-dimethyl ammonium chloride. Non-limiting examples of alkyl amine oxides include lauroylamidopropyl-dimethyl amine oxide, lauryl-dimethyl amine oxide, coco-dimethyl amine oxide. Non-limiting examples of corresponding alkyl amines include lauryl-dimethyl amine, lauroylamidopropyl-dimethyl amine, coco-dimethyl amine, stearyl-dimethyl amine, lauryl-di-(hydroxyethyl)-amine, coco-di-(triethanol) amine, ethyl cocoate dimethyl amine. Compositions containing alkyl amines should be at a pH less than 8, more preferably less than 7, and even more preferably less than 6 to create a cationic charge at the amine group. The "alkyl" in the description of suitable cationic surfactants includes straight and branched carbon chains, saturated and unsaturated chains, ethoxylated carbon chains, carbon chains with ether groups, amide groups, ester groups, and the like. Cationic polyglyceryl compounds can be used in the compositions of the present application.

[0032] The first composition can comprise any desired amount of cationic compound from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the first composition. Preferably, the first composition comprises the cationic compound in an amount from about 5% to 16% by weight of the first composition or from about 10% to 16% by weight of the first composition. In a particular embodiment, the first composition comprises the cationic compound in an amount of about 16% by weight of the first composition.

[0033] Cationic polyglyceryl compound

[0034] As described above, the cleaning systems described herein comprise a first composition, and can comprise a cationic polyglyceryl compound. Suitable cationic polyglyceryl compounds include the surfactant compounds described in U.S. Patent No. 10,285,923, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.

[0035] According to certain embodiments, the cationic polyglyceryl compound can be further described with reference to Formula I:

[0036]

[0037] wherein, according to this embodiment:

[0038] Z is a polyglyceryl node structure comprising at least 3 contiguous glyceryl residue units;

[0039] Nu is an independently selected nucleophilic group directly attached to Z;

[0040] d is the number of nucleophilic groups bonded to Z and is from 2 to 21;

[0041] L1 is an independently selected linking group connecting Z to Hphob1;

[0042] Hphob1 is an independently selected hydrophobic moiety comprising from 6 to 30 carbons;

[0043] a is the number of Hphob1 each connected to the node structure Z via L1 and is from zero to 10;

[0044] L2 is an independently selected linking group connecting Z to a cationic group

[0045] -R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)];

[0046] R1 is an independently selected straight or branched chain alkylene (-CH- to -C6H 12 -) or monohydroxyalkylene (-CH(OH)- to -C6H 11 (OH)-);

[0047] N is a nitrogen atom;

[0048] R2is an independently selected alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbons (CH3to C4H9) or a hydrogen atom;

[0049] R3is an independently selected alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbons (CH3to C4H9) or a hydrogen atom, or an independently selected hydrophobic moiety;

[0050] Hphob2is an independently selected hydrophobic moiety containing 6 to 30 carbons;

[0051] X1is an anionic counterion or is absent;

[0052] b is the number of (R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)]) each linked to node structure Z via L2and is zero to 10;

[0053] L3is an independently selected linking group that links Z to a cationic group

[0054] - R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)];

[0055] R4is an independently selected straight chain or branched alkylene (-CH- to -C6H 12 -) or monohydroxyalkylene (-CH(OH)- to -C6(OH)H 11 (OH)-);

[0056] R5, R6, R7are each independently selected alkyl or alkenyl groups containing 1 to 4 carbons (CH3to C4H9);

[0057] X2is an anionic counterion or is absent;

[0058] c is the number of (R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)]) each linked to node structure Z via L3and is zero to 10;

[0059] wherein the sum of a and b is 1 to 10 inclusive;

[0060] the sum of b and c is 1 to 10 inclusive; and

[0061] the sum of a, b, and c is 1 to 10 inclusive.

[0062] The compositions of the present invention can comprise a polyglyceryl compound having a node structure comprising at least three contiguous glyceryl residue units. By "glyceryl residue unit" is meant a glycerol unit that does not include a nucleophilic group such as a hydroxyl group. For linear and dendritic residue units, a glyceryl residue unit can generally be represented as C3H5O. Suitable glyceryl residue units are the dehydrated forms (i.e., removal of one mole of water) of the following glyceryl units: linear- 1,4 (L 1,4 ) glyceryl units; linear- 1,3 (L 1,3 ) glyceryl repeat units; dendritic (D) glyceryl units; terminal- 1,2 (T 1,2 ) units; and terminal- 1,3 (T 1,3 ) units. Examples of such glyceryl residue repeat and terminal units are shown below (to the right of the arrow). The corresponding glyceryl units are also shown (shown to the left of the arrow; including hydroxyl groups):

[0063] Linear- 1,4 (L 1,4 ) glyceryl repeat unit

[0064]

[0065] Linear- 1,3 (L 1,3 ) glyceryl repeat unit

[0066]

[0067] Dendritic (D) glyceryl repeat unit, which produces branched or cyclic compounds

[0068]

[0069] Terminal- 1,2 (T 1,2 ) unit

[0070]

[0071] and terminal- 1,3 (T 1,3 ) unit

[0072]

[0073] In certain embodiments, in addition to glyceryl residue units, the node structure can also include one or more additional oxyalkyl units. Oxyalkyl units can be generally described as -(0-R)-, where R = C-1-C4 straight chain or branched alkyl, such as -CH2CH2-, -CH(CH3)CH2-, and -CH2CH2CH2-, derived from the reaction of optional comonomers such as 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, ethylene carbonate, 1,2-propanediol carbonate, and 1,3-propanediol carbonate. For example, the general formula for a glyceryl residue unit and an adjacent oxyalkyl unit can be represented as:

[0074]

[0075] And yet further, a polyglyceryl-co-1,3-propanediol and thus having a node structure of:

[0076]

[0077] As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, due to the polymeric nature of the compounds of the present application and the nomenclature employed herein, in certain embodiments, the nodes of the present application can also include terminal (relative to the node itself) three-carbon alkyl groups. For example, shown below is an example node of the present application derived from glycerol, where upon polymerization the node structure forms seven glyceryl residue units, one of which is a terminal three-carbon alkyl group labeled C3H5 residue below:

[0078]

[0079] Those skilled in the art of polymer chemistry will recognize that, as with any typical polymer, polyglycerols are composed of repeat units and end groups. In the simple case of a polymer formed by condensation (elimination of water during polymerization) of monomer units, the end groups are composed of the parent molecule, while the repeat units are derived from the parent monomer minus a water molecule. The same is true for linear polyglycerols, which can be synthesized by using the monomer glycerol.

[0080] The polymerization of glycerol is shown in the figure below, where w moles of glycerol are polymerized to form a linear polyglycerol having (1-w) repeat units and 1 end group. For clarity, the end group is bounded by a dashed line. Note that the repeat unit formula (C3H6O2) is equal to the glycerol unit formula (C3H8O3) minus water (H2O). Also note that the sum of the end group unit [(C3H7O2) plus (OH)] is equal to the formula of glycerol (C3H8O3), and the byproduct of polymerization forms (1-w) moles of water.

[0081]

[0082] Further, if this principle is applied to describe the dehydrated polyether (glyceryl residue), it will be found that the glyceryl repeat unit residue will have the formula (C3H50). Notably, the terminal residue will have the formula (C3H5)

[0083]

[0084] This is further illustrated in the structure below, where the repeat unit isomers have been bounded by parentheses (7 repeat units) and the terminal glyceryl residue is bounded by parentheses (1 terminal glyceryl residue), resulting in a total DP of 8.

[0085]

[0086] In addition to C3H5 terminal residue units and C3H50 repeat residue units, C3H50 terminal residue units and C3H50 repeat residue units can also be present when the molecule contains certain isomers containing dendritic-based cyclic units. This is illustrated below, where the five glyceryl repeat unit containing two dendritic-based cyclic units and the terminal unit are bounded by parentheses. Unless otherwise indicated, the repeat units and terminal residue units have the formula C3H50.

[0087]

[0088] According to certain embodiments, each node structure of the present application comprises three to about 20 glyceryl residue units (and optionally one or more oxyalkyl units), and is capable of having a total of 3 to about 21 combined groups selected from the group consisting of nucleophilic groups, hydrophobic groups (Hphob1), cationic groups (-R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)]), cationic hydrophobic groups (-R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)], and combinations of two or more thereof, bonded thereto (for nucleophilic groups) or connected thereto via a linking group (for hydrophobic groups, cationic groups, and / or cationic hydrophobic groups). In certain preferred embodiments, the node structure consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms from the glyceryl residue units. In certain embodiments, the node structure consists only of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms from the glyceryl residue units and the oxyalkyl units. In certain embodiments, all of the glyceryl residue units and optional oxyalkyl units (if any) of the node structure are contiguous. According to certain embodiments, the ratio (by number) of carbon atoms to oxygen atoms of the node structure is about 2.5 to about 4.5: 1 or about 2.5 to about 3.5: 1 (such as about 2.6 to about 3.4: 1, such as about 2.8 to about 3.4: 1).

[0089] Examples of suitable node structures are shown below in the description of certain specific examples of cationic polyglyceryl compounds. As will be readily appreciated by one of skill in the art, polyglyceryl node structures contain multiple ether functionalities, and thus, these compounds can also be described as "polyethers."

[0090] As described above, cationic polyglyceryl compounds also contain at least one cationic group and at least one hydrophobic moiety. In some aspects, cationic polyglyceryl compounds for use in the first compositions of the present application can contain 8 cationic groups, which contain 4 hydrophobic groups connected via four of the cationic groups. In some aspects, cationic polyglyceryl compounds for use in the first compositions of the present application can contain 1 cationic group, which contains 1 hydrophobic group connected via the cationic group. The compounds can contain any suitable combination of one or more cationic groups, hydrophobic groups, and / or cationic hydrophobic groups (i.e., cationic groups in which the hydrophobic moiety forms part of the cationic group) such that the compound has both at least one cationic group and at least one hydrophobic moiety. For example, in certain embodiments, the compounds of the present application can contain only one cationic hydrophobic group (or optionally in combination with any additional number of separate cationic groups, cationic hydrophobic groups, or hydrophobic groups) or can contain only at least one cationic group (with or without a hydrophobic moiety) and at least one hydrophobic group (or optionally in combination with any additional number of separate cationic groups, cationic hydrophobic groups, or hydrophobic groups). In some aspects, the compound can contain four cationic groups to which no hydrophobic groups are connected, four cationic groups to which a hydrophobic group is connected, and zero cationic groups to which no hydrophobic groups are connected. In some aspects, the compound can contain one cationic group to which one hydrophobic group is connected and zero cationic groups to which no hydrophobic groups are connected.

[0091] In the compounds of the present application, any suitable cationic group can be attached to the node structure via a linking group. Suitable cationic groups can include groups that carry a positive charge, such as, for example, amines, including quaternary amines or tertiary amines (in the latter case, one of the R groups bonded to the nitrogen will be hydrogen (H)). In one embodiment, the cationic moiety is a quaternary ammonium. Examples of preferred quaternary ammoniums include those represented by the structures -R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)] and -R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)], as shown in Formula I, wherein R1and R4are independently selected straight chain, branched, saturated or unsaturated C1to C6hydrocarbon chains, which can optionally be further substituted with a nucleophilic functional group such as -OH, -SH or -NH2; R2, R5, R6and R7are independently selected C1to C4alkyl groups (CH3to C4H9) or hydrogen (H), in some aspects methyl; R3is independently selected C1to C4alkyl group (CH3to C4H9), hydrogen or a hydrophobic moiety, in some aspects methyl; and Hphob2is a hydrophobic moiety. Examples of preferred R1and R4groups include C1to C3straight chain alkyl groups or 2-hydroxypropyl. In certain preferred embodiments, R1and R4are CH2CH(OH)CH2-. Examples of C1to C4alkyl groups include hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, t-butyl and isobutyl.

[0092] The relative amounts and positions of the cationic moieties on the polyglyceryl compound can vary. Thus, both "b" and "c" in Formula I are each independently zero to ten, more preferably zero to 5, and more preferably zero to 4, provided that the total number of cationic moieties per node structure, i.e., the sum of b and c, is one to ten, inclusive. In preferred embodiments, b is at least one. In certain preferred embodiments, the sum of b and c is one to eight.

[0093] Balancing the charge of each cationic moiety is an optional anionic counterion X1and / or X2. The anionic counterions X1and X2are independently cosmetically acceptable organic or inorganic anions. Typical inorganic anions are halides, sulfate, phosphate, nitrate and borate. Most preferred are halides, especially chlorides. Another suitable organic anionic counterion includes methyl sulfate, toluoyl sulfate, acetate, citrate, taurinate, glycolate, lactate, gluconate and benzenesulfonate, and the like.

[0094] Any suitable hydrophobic moiety (e.g., Hphob1 and Hphob2 in Formula I) can be incorporated into the compounds of the present application. By "hydrophobic moiety" is meant a non-polar moiety comprising at least one of: (a) a carbon-carbon chain of at least six carbons, none of which are carbonyl carbons or have a hydrophilic moiety directly bonded thereto; (b) three or more alkylsilyloxy groups (-[Si(R)2-0]-); and / or (c) three or more oxypropylene groups. The hydrophobic moiety can be or can include a linear, cyclic, aromatic, saturated, or unsaturated group. Preferred hydrophobic moieties comprise 6 or more carbon atoms, more preferably 8 to 30 carbon atoms, even more preferably 10 to 26 carbon atoms, and most preferably 12 to 24 carbon atoms, with 12 carbon atoms being required in some embodiments. Examples of hydrophobic moieties include linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl moieties, such as linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated C 10 -C 30 alkyl groups such as decyl, undecyl, dodecyl (lauryl), tridecyl, tetradecyl (myristyl), pentadecyl, hexadecyl (cetyl, palmitoleyl), heptadecyl, heptadecenyl, hept-8- decenyl, hept-8,11-decenyl, octadecyl (stearyl), nonadecyl, eicosyl, heneicosene-12-yl, heneicosyl, docosyl (behenyl), and the like, as well as benzyl groups. Certain hydrophobic moieties include heptadecyl, heptadecenyl, hept-8-decenyl, hept-8,11-decenyl, and the like. Other examples of hydrophobic moieties include groups such as poly(oxypropylene), poly(oxybutylene), poly(dimethylsiloxane), and fluorinated hydrocarbon groups comprising a carbon chain of at least six carbons, none of which have a hydrophilic moiety directly bonded thereto, and the like. Examples of certain preferred hydrophobic moieties are undecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecenyl, and hept-8-decenyl for Hphob1, and dodecyl (lauryl), cocoalkyl, and stearyl for Hphob2.

[0095] The relative amounts and positions of the hydrophobic moieties on the polyglyceryl compound can vary. Thus, both "a" and "b" in Formula I are each independently zero to ten, more preferably zero to 5, and more preferably zero to 3, with the proviso that the total number of hydrophobic moieties per node structure, i.e., the sum of a and b, is one to ten, inclusive. In preferred embodiments, b is at least one. In certain preferred embodiments, the sum of a and b is one to 5, more preferably one to 4.

[0096] The polyglyceryl compound can have any suitable linking group (e.g., L1, L2, and / or L3 in Formula I) for linking the cationic group and / or the hydrophobic group to the node. By "linked to the node" is meant that the cationic group and / or the hydrophobic group is bonded to the node with only the linking group in between. Examples of suitable linking groups include functional moieties that form ethers, esters, carbamates (urethanes), amides, ketones, or carbonates when linked to at least two carbon atoms. That is, as will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, each linking group can be selected from: -0-, -OC(O)-, -OC(0)N(H)-, -C(0)N(H)-, -C(O)-, -OC(0)0-, and the like. Preferred linking groups include ether (-0-) linkages and ester -(OC(O)-) linkages, more preferably ether linkages for linking groups L2and L3and ether linkages or ester linkages for linking group L1.

[0097] In certain embodiments, the linking groups (e.g., L1, L2, and / or L3) present are derived in whole or in part from the hydroxyl groups of the polyglyceryl repeat units that react in the process of making the cationic polyglyceryl compound / composition. For example, if the hydroxyl groups present on the polyglyceryl are reacted with a fatty acid under condensation reaction conditions, the resulting node structure will have a hydrophobic moiety covalently linked to it through L1groups that are ester functional groups (-OC(O)-). According to another embodiment, the various linking groups can be derived from a bifunctional reagent. For example, if the hydroxyl groups on the polyglyceryl are reacted with a diisocyanate, then with a fatty alcohol, the resulting Z will be substituted with a hydrophobic moiety covalently linked to the node structure through L1groups that are carbamate functional groups.

[0098] The cationic polyglyceryl compound can have any suitable nucleophilic group bonded to the node structure. By "nucleophilic group" is meant an electron-donating functional group such as a hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NH2), and thiol (-SH) group. In a preferred embodiment, each nucleophilic group is a hydroxyl group (-OH). The number "d" of nucleophilic groups bonded directly to the node structure is from 1 to about 21, preferably from 1 to about 16, and preferably from 1 to about 11.

[0099] While not intended to be limited to any of the following structures, specific examples of compounds within the scope of the present invention further illustrate compounds of Formula I, as well as compositions comprising such compounds. For example, in certain embodiments, the composition can comprise the cationic polyglyceryl compound N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl lauryl-1 -ammonium chloride decaglyceryl ether, the idealized structure of which is shown below:

[0100]

[0101] wherein reference is made to Formula I,

[0102] (a) Z, represented by the structure below, is a decaglycerol residue composed of glyceryl residue units [where the C / O ratio is 30 / 10 = 3]

[0103]

[0104] (b) d is the number of nucleophilic groups (-OH) directly attached to Z and is equal to 9

[0105] (c) L1is absent

[0106] (d) Hphob1is absent

[0107] (e) a is 0

[0108] (f) L2is an ether linking group connecting Z to R1

[0109] — O —

[0110] (g) R1is a 2-hydroxypropyl group

[0111]

[0112] (h) N is a nitrogen species;

[0113]

[0114] (i) R2is a methyl group

[0115] — CH3

[0116] (j) R3is a methyl group

[0117] — CH3

[0118] (k) Hphob2is a lauryl group

[0119]

[0120] (l) X1is a counterion

[0121]

[0122] (m) b is 1 because there is 1 (L2-R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)]) per Z

[0123] (n) L3is absent

[0124] (o) R4is absent.

[0125] (p) R5is absent

[0126] (q) R6 is absent

[0127] (r) R7 is absent

[0128] (s) X2 is absent

[0129] (t) C is 0 because there are 0 (L3-R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)]) for each Z;

[0130] (u) the sum of a and b is equal to 1

[0131] (v) and the sum of b and c is 1

[0132] (w) and the sum of a, b and c is 1.

[0133] In certain embodiments, the composition can comprise the cationic polyglyceryl compound (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl lauryl-1- ammonium) (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1- ammonium) octaglyceryl ether, the idealized structure of which is shown below:

[0134]

[0135] (a) Z, represented by the following structure, is an octaglyceryl residue composed of glyceryl residue units [where the C / O ratio is 22 / 8 = 2.75]

[0136]

[0137] (b) d is the number of nucleophilic groups directly attached to Z and is equal to 6

[0138] (c) L1 is absent

[0139] (d) Hphob1 is absent

[0140] (e) a is 0 because there are no PG hydroxyl groups substituted with (L1-Hphob1) (f) L2 is an ether linking group that connects Z to R1

[0141] — O —

[0142] (g) R1 is a 2-hydroxypropyl group

[0143]

[0144] (h) N is a nitrogen species;

[0145]

[0146] (i) R2 is a methyl group

[0147] — CH3

[0148] (j) R3 is a methyl group

[0149] -CH3

[0150] (k) Hphob2 is a lauryl group

[0151]

[0152] (I) X1 is a counterion

[0153]

[0154] (m) b is 1 because there is an average of 1 (L2-R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)]) per Z

[0155] (n) L3 is an ether linking group connecting Z to R4

[0156] -0-

[0157] (o) R4 is a 2-hydroxypropyl group

[0158]

[0159] (p) R5 is a methyl group

[0160] -CH3

[0161] (q) R6 is a methyl group

[0162] -CH3

[0163] (r) R7 is a methyl group

[0164] -CH3

[0165] (s) X2 is a counterion

[0166]

[0167] (t) C is 1 because there is an average of 1 (L3-R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)]) per Z

[0168] (u) the sum of a and b is equal to 1

[0169] (v) and the sum of b and c is 2

[0170] (w) and the sum of a, b, and c is 2.

[0171] In certain embodiments, the composition can comprise a cationic polyglyceryl compound (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethylcoco-1 -ammonium) decaglyceryl monooleate ether, which idealized structure is shown below:

[0172]

[0173] wherein reference is made to Formula I,

[0174] (a) the following is a decaglyceryl residue 10 residues made up of glyceryl residues [where the C / O ratio is 30 / 9 = 3.3]

[0175]

[0176] (b) d is the number of nucleophilic groups attached directly to Z and is equal to 10

[0177] (c) L1is an ester linkage

[0178]

[0179] (d) Hphob1is an 8-heptadecenyl group

[0180]

[0181] (e) A is 1 because there is 1 (L1-Hphob1) per Z

[0182] (f) L2is an ether linking group connecting Z to R1

[0183] ----- O -----

[0184] (g) R1is a 2-hydroxypropyl group

[0185]

[0186] (h) N is a nitrogen species;

[0187]

[0188] (i) R2is a methyl group

[0189] ----- CH3

[0190] (j) R3is a methyl group

[0191] ----- CH3

[0192] (k) Hphob2is a cocoalkyl group, which is known to those skilled in the art to be saturated and unsaturated C8-C 18 distribution (based on the C chain distribution of the coconut fatty acids from coconut oil).

[0193]

[0194] (l) X1is a counterion

[0195]

[0196] (m) b is 1 because there is 1 (L2-R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)]) per Z

[0197] (n) L3is absent

[0198] (o) R4is absent

[0199] (p) R5is absent

[0200] (q) R6is absent

[0201] (r) R7is absent

[0202] (s) X2is absent

[0203] (t) C is 0 because there is an average of 0 (L3-R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)]) per Z

[0204] (u) the sum of a and b is equal to 2

[0205] (v) and the sum of b and c is 1

[0206] (w) and the sum of a, b, and c is 2.

[0207] In certain embodiments, the composition can comprise the cationic polyglyceryl compound (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N-dimethyl lauryl-1- ammonium) (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1- ammonium) decaglyceryl monooleate ether, the idealized structure of which is shown below:

[0208]

[0209] wherein reference is made to Formula I,

[0210] (a) Z, represented by the following structure, is a decaglycerol residue composed of glyceryl residue units

[0211]

[0212] (b) d is the number of nucleophilic groups directly attached to Z and is equal to 7

[0213] (c) L1is an ester bond

[0214]

[0215] (d) Hphob1 is 8-heptadecenyl

[0216]

[0217] (e) A is 1 because there is 1 (L1-Hphob1) per Z

[0218] (f) L2 is an ether linking group connecting Z to R1

[0219] ----- O -----

[0220] (g) R1 is 2-hydroxypropyl

[0221]

[0222] (h) N is a nitrogen species;

[0223]

[0224] (i) R2 is a methyl group

[0225] ----- CH3 (j) R3 is a methyl group

[0226] ----- CH3 (k) Hphob2 is a cocoalkyl group which is known to those skilled in the art to be saturated and not

[0227] saturated C8-C 18 of distribution

[0228]

[0229] (l) X1 is a counterion

[0230]

[0231] (m) b is 1 because there is an average of 1 (L2-R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)]) per Z

[0232] (n) L3 is an ether linking group connecting Z to R4

[0233] ----- O -----

[0234] (o) R4 is 2-hydroxypropyl

[0235]

[0236] (p) R5 is a methyl group

[0237] ----- CH3 3

[0238] (q) R6 is a methyl group

[0239] -CH3

[0240] (r) R7 is a methyl group

[0241] -CH3

[0242] (s) X2 is a counterion

[0243]

[0244] (t) C is 1 because on average there is 1 Z (L3-R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)])

[0245] (u) the sum of a and b is equal to 2

[0246] (v) and the sum of b and c is 2

[0247] (w) and the sum of a, b, and c is 3.

[0248] In certain embodiments, the composition can comprise a cationic polyglyceryl compound (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-N,N,N-trimethylpropan-1-aminium) decaglyceryl monooleate ether, the idealized structure of which is shown below:

[0249]

[0250] wherein reference is made to Formula I,

[0251] (a) Z, represented by the following structure, is a decaglycerol residue composed of glyceryl residue units [where the C / O ratio is 30 / 10 = 3]

[0252] (b)

[0253]

[0254] (c) d is the number of nucleophilic groups directly attached to Z and is equal to 10

[0255] (d) L1 is an ester linkage

[0256]

[0257] (e) Hphob1 is 8-heptadecenyl

[0258]

[0259] (f) A is 1 because on average there is 1 Z (L1-Hphob1)

[0260] (g) L2 is absent

[0261] (h) R1 is absent (i) N is a nitrogen species;

[0262]

[0263] (j) R2 is absent

[0264] (k) R3 is absent

[0265] (l) Hphob2 is absent

[0266] (m) X1 is absent

[0267] (n) b is 1 because there is one (L2-R1-N-[(R2)(R3)(Hphob2)]) per Z

[0268] (o) L3 is an ether linking group connecting Z to R4

[0269] ----- O -----

[0270] (p) R4 is a 2-hydroxypropyl group

[0271]

[0272] (q) R5 is a methyl group

[0273] ----- CH3

[0274] (r) R6 is a methyl group

[0275] ----- CH3

[0276] (s) R7 is a methyl group

[0277] ----- CH3

[0278] (t) X2 is a counterion

[0279]

[0280] (u) c is 1 because there is one (L3-R4-N-[(R5)(R6)(R7)]) per Z on average

[0281] (v) the sum of a and b is equal to 1

[0282] (w) and the sum of b and c is 1

[0283] (x) and the sum of a, b, and c is 2.

[0284] Anionic surfactant

[0285] The cleaning system includes a second composition including an anionic surfactant. Desirable anionic surfactants include, for example, those selected from the following surfactant classes: alkyl sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates, alkyl monoglyceryl ether sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfosuccinates, alkyl ether sulfosuccinates, alkyl sulfosuccinamates, alkyl amido sulfosuccinates, alkyl carboxylates, alkyl amido ether carboxylates, alkyl succinates, fatty acyl sarcosinates, fatty acyl amino acids, fatty acyl taurates, fatty alkyl sulfoacetates, alkyl phosphates, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Certain anionic surfactants that can be used in combination with the polyglyceryl compound include: sodium laureth sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, sodium trideceth sulfate, anionic "superhydrophilic amphiphilic copolymer" (SAC) as described in U.S. Patent 8,258,250 B2, incorporated herein by reference. An example of an anionic SAC is hydrolyzed sodium potato starch dodecenylsuccinate.

[0286] The second composition can include any desirable amount of anionic surfactant, from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the second composition. Preferably, the second composition includes anionic surfactant in an amount from about 2% to 8% by weight of the second composition or from about 4% to 6% by weight of the second composition. In one particular embodiment, the second composition includes SLES in an amount of about 4% by weight of the second composition.

[0287] Additional components

[0288] The first and / or second compositions of the present application can include any of a variety of additional other components conventionally used in health care / personal care compositions ("personal care components"). These other components include, without limitation, one or more of carriers, pearlescent or opalescent agents, thickening agents, emollients, conditioning or moisturizing agents, humectants, chelating agents, active agents, exfoliating agents, and additives to enhance the appearance, feel, and fragrance of the composition, such as colorants, fragrances, preservatives, pH adjusting agents, and the like.

[0289] Compositions useful in the present application can also include any of a variety of conventional thickening agents. Examples of such thickening agents include: electrolytes (e.g., sodium chloride, ammonium chloride, magnesium chloride); polysaccharides of natural origin (e.g., xanthan gum, dehydroxanthan gum, Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba (guar gum), cassia gum, Chondrus Crispus (carrageenan) gum, alginic acid and alginate gums (brown algae, calcium alginate, etc.), gellan gum, pectin, microcrystalline cellulose); derivatives of natural polysaccharides (e.g., hydroxyethylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, cetylhydroxyethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl guar, carboxymethylhydroxypropyl guar, C18-22 hydroxyalkyl hydroxypropyl guar); alkali-swellable emulsion (ASE) polymers (e.g., acrylates copolymer, under the trade name Carbopol Ultrez 10® AQUA SF-1 is available from Noveon Consumer Specialties, Brecksville, OH, and acrylates copolymer, under the trade name Aculyn 28® TM 33 available from Dow Personal Care, Spring House, PA; hydrophobically modified alkali-swellable emulsion (HASE) polymers (e.g., acrylates / steareth-20 methacrylate copolymer, acrylates / steareth-20 methacrylate crosspolymer, and acrylates / cetyl PEG-20 itaconate copolymer); hydrophobically modified acid-swellable emulsion polymers (e.g., acrylates / aminoacrylates / C10-30 alkyl PEG-20 itaconate copolymer and polyacrylate-1 crosspolymer); hydrophobically modified acrylate crosspolymer such as available under the trade name Pemulen TR-2® 1382 acrylates C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer available from Lubrizol Corp., Brecksville, OH, under the trade name Carbopol Ultrez 20®; and hydrophobic non-ethoxylated micelle thickening agents (e.g., glyceryl oleate, cocamide MIPA, lauryl lactate, or sorbitan sesquicaprylate).

[0290] In addition to the cationic polyglyceryl composition, any of a variety of skin and / or hair conditioning agents or moisturizers are suitable for use in the present application. Examples include: cationic surfactants (e.g., cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, distearyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, laurylmethyl gluceth-10 hydroxypropyl dimonium chloride); cationic polymers (e.g., cationically modified polysaccharides including polyquaternium-10, polyquaternium-24, polyquaternium-67, starch hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride, and hydroxypropyl guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride), and cationic polymers derived from the (co)polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated cationic monomers with optional hydrophilic monomers including polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-6, polyquaternium-7, polyquaternium-11, polyquaternium-14, polyquaternium-15, polyquaternium-28, polyquaternium-39, polyquaternium-44; polyquaternium-76); silicones and silicone derivatives (e.g., dimethicone and derivatives thereof such as alkyl-, polyalkoxy-, cationic-, anionically modified dimethicone (co)polymers); and emollients (e.g., caprylic / capric triglyceride, mineral oil, petrolatum, di-PPG-2 myreth-10 adipate).

[0291] In addition to the cationic polyglyceryl composition, any of a variety of humectants capable of providing moisturizing and conditioning properties to personal cleansing compositions are suitable for use in the present application. Examples of suitable humectants include, without limitation, polyhydric alcohols such as glycerin, propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, butylene glycol, hexylene glycol, polyglycerin (e.g., polyglycerin-3, polyglycerin-6, polyglycerin-10), polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyoxyethylene ethers of methyl glucose such as methyl glucose ether-10 and methyl glucose ether-20.

[0292] Examples of suitable chelating agents include those capable of protecting and preserving the compositions of the present application. It can be desirable for the chelating agent to be ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (“EDTA”), including tetrasodium EDTA, or to be tetrasodium glutamate disodium.

[0293] Suitable preservatives include, for example, organic acids, parabens (e.g., methyl paraben, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, butyl paraben, isobutyl paraben), quaternary ammonium materials (e.g., quaternary ammonium salt-15), phenoxyethanol, DMDM hydantoin, diazolidinyl urea, imidazolidinyl urea, iodopropynyl butylcarbamate, methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone, benzyl alcohol, caprylyl glycol, decylglycol, ethylhexylglycerin, and glycolate lactone. Preferred are organic acid preservatives that include at least one carboxylic acid moiety and are capable of preserving the compositions of the present application from microbial contamination. Examples of suitable organic acids include benzoic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof (e.g., sodium benzoate, etc.), sorbic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof (e.g., potassium sorbate, etc.), p-anisic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof, salicylic acid and alkali metal and ammonium salts thereof, and the like. In certain embodiments, the organic acid preservative includes benzoic acid / sodium benzoate, sorbic acid / potassium sorbate, or a combination thereof.

[0294] The pH of the composition can be adjusted to the appropriate value using any number of cosmetically acceptable pH adjusting agents, including alkali metal and ammonium hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide), alkali metal and ammonium carbonates (e.g., potassium carbonate), organic acids (e.g., citric acid, acetic acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid), and inorganic acids (e.g., hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid), and the like. In certain embodiments, the pH is adjusted to 3 to 10 or 5 to 9, including 6 to 8. In certain embodiments, the electrolyte concentration of the composition is less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 2% by weight.

[0295] Dispensing apparatus

[0296] As noted above, the first and second compositions are desirably contained separately in a storage unit until use. It is desirable that the first and second compositions be held in either separate storage and dispensing devices or in a single storage and dispensing device, with the first and second compositions held in separate and discrete chambers for separate storage and dispensing of the first and second compositions. Importantly, the first and second compositions are stored in a manner such that they do not mix prior to use. These chambers can be connected to one another or can be separate from one another. It is also desirable that the storage and dispensing device (or single device) be capable of dispensing each of the first and second compositions in a foaming manner. The dispensing device can be pressurized or unpressurized (with or without propellant), can be hand-held or a countertop device. For example, one useful dispenser is the Dual Foam Package by Albéa Beauty Solutions USA, Inc., which includes two separate chambers to contain the compositions, each chamber dispensing simultaneously in a side-by-side fashion, with the two compositions combining (but not mixing) upon dispensing from the container. Another example of a useful device includes the hand-held single foam pump by Frapak Packaging B.v. (referred to as F2, F3, M3 hand-held single foam pump). Another example of a useful dual chamber device includes the dual chamber pump bottle BJW-40 by Gidea Packaging Co. Ltd. These are merely examples of devices that can be used with the present application, as described herein, any single chamber dispensing device or dual chamber dispensing device can be used.

[0297] Method of cleansing skin

[0298] In certain embodiments, the cleansing system produced via the present application is preferably used as or in a healthcare product for treating or cleansing at least a portion of a mammalian body (e.g., a human body). While the cleansing system can be applied to the skin by the hands of the user, other methods of application to the skin can be used. The cleansing system can also include a substrate onto which the first and second foamed compositions are applied for use on the body. Examples of suitable substrates include wipes, pads, sponges, and the like, as well as absorbent articles such as bandages, sanitary napkins, tampons, and the like.

[0299] The present application provides methods of treating and / or cleansing the human body, which include contacting at least a portion of the body with a first foamed composition and a second foamed composition as described above, to combine the foamed compositions. The method includes one or more of the following steps: dispensing each of the first and second compositions in the form of a first foamed composition and a second foamed composition, respectively, combining the first and second foamed compositions to form a foamed composition, applying the foamed combined composition to a target skin or hair area, the foamed combined composition changing to a foam-reduced composition, and rinsing the foam-reduced composition from the target skin or hair area. The method includes a variety of benefits, including improved conditioning and / or cleansing, improved sensory properties, ease of rinsing from the skin, a visual cue that the product is rinsing from the skin (e.g., a foam-reduced characteristic), and improved resulting skin feel.

[0300] It can be desirable for each of the first and second compositions to be dispensed from the device simultaneously, but through separate dispensing channels, with the compositions contacting each other as they are dispensed from the device. As described above, other methods of mixing the first and second foamed compositions are contemplated, including dispensing separately and mixing after dispensing is complete. Certain methods include contacting one or more areas of skin and / or hair with the foamed combined composition of the present application to cleanse such areas and / or treat such areas for any of a variety of conditions, including but not limited to acne, wrinkles, dermatitis, dryness, muscle soreness, itch, and the like. In some embodiments, the contacting step includes applying the foamed combined composition of the present application to a desired area of the user's skin and / or hair, and in other embodiments, the contacting step includes separately applying the first and second foamed compositions to a desired area of the user's skin and / or hair, such that they mix during the application step. The cleansing methods of the present application can also include any of a variety of additional optional steps typically associated with cleansing hair and skin, including, for example, lathering, rinsing steps, and the like.

[0301] After the foam retention period, the foamed combined composition changes to a foam-reduced composition, which can continue to be applied to the skin or hair, or can be rinsed from the user's body. As described above, the foam reduction can serve as a visual cue that the user has applied the composition to the target area, and can be rinsed from the area.

[0302] In one aspect, there is a method of cleansing the body using a first foamed composition and a second foamed composition. First, the first foamed composition and the second foamed composition are each individually provided to the user, such as by dispensing from one or more devices as described above. The device can be a dual chamber device, or it can comprise two separate devices that dispense each individual foamed composition simultaneously or sequentially. The first foamed composition and the second foamed composition are then dispensed and applied to an area of the user's skin at the same time or after being combined by the user. After the foam retention time, the combined foamed composition then undergoes foam reduction, resulting in a perceivable foam breakdown and a foam-reduced composition.

[0303] The amount of foam can be measured in any desired manner. In one method, the foam volume of any or all of the compositions described herein can be measured by the high shear foam mixing test (described below). It can be desirable for the foam volume of the foam-reduced composition to be no more than about 70% of the initial foam volume of the foamed combination of compositions or no more than about 50% of the initial foam volume of the foamed combination of compositions or no more than about 30% of the initial foam volume of the foamed combination of compositions or no more than about 20% of the initial foam volume of the foamed combination of compositions. A resulting composition having no more than about 70%, 50%, 30%, or 20% of the initial foam volume of the foamed combination of compositions is referred to herein as a foam-reduced composition, which can continue to be applied to the user's area of skin or can be rinsed off the user's skin. After rinsing the foam-reduced composition from the user's area of skin, the area of skin is cleansed while providing the user with the desired skin feel, as described above.

[0304] As noted above, there are a number of parameters that can contribute to defining the compositions and methods of the present application. One parameter is the initial foam volume as described above. Another parameter includes the charge molar ratio of anionic surfactant and cationic surfactant. Advantageously, the charge molar ratio is between about 0.2 and about 1.7, and more particularly, includes those charge molar ratios seen throughout the examples. Another parameter includes the total surfactant weight percent. The total surfactant weight percent is the average weight of surfactant within each of the first foamed composition and the second foamed composition. Advantageously, the total surfactant weight percent is between about 2% to about 15% or about 3% to about 10% or about 3% to about 7%. Another parameter includes the foam volume of the foam-reduced composition as measured after 10 seconds or after 20 seconds or after 30 seconds after the combining as described above. The desired foam volume of the foam-reduced composition is less than about 70% of the initial foam volume of the composition of the foamed combination or less than about 50% of the initial foam volume of the composition of the foamed combination or less than about 30% of the initial foam volume of the composition of the foamed combination. Another parameter that can be considered is the foam retention period, which is advantageously less than about 30 seconds after the formation of the composition of the foamed combination or less than about 20 seconds after the formation of the composition of the foamed combination or less than about 10 seconds after the formation of the composition of the foamed combination. Another parameter can include the rinse time after the formation of the foam-reduced composition, where the rinse time can be less than 20 seconds or less than 10 seconds or less than 5 seconds. The present application can include or be defined by one or more of these parameters described above.

[0305] Examples

[0306] The following examples are intended to illustrate the present application and are not intended to limit the same. The test methods used in the examples are described below:

[0307] Initial foam volume when dispensed from a foam pump :

[0308] The measurement of the initial foam volume produced by the foam pump system is performed using the following procedure. First, 5 g of each of the cleaning compositions is added to the 2 chambers of the foam pump system. The foam pump system used is the 3M dual chamber micro foam pump (3M DCMF pump). According to the instructions of the foam pump system, the foam is produced by dispensing 2 foam pumps (one pump per chamber) at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius + / - 2 degrees Celsius. The foam is dispensed into a graduated conical volumetric device with a 100 milliliter (mL) volume and the foam volume is determined 5 seconds after dispensing. The 2 chambers can contain the same cleaning composition or two different cleaning compositions. It is assumed that the aging of the foam and the mixing of the foams within 5 seconds does not affect the determined initial foam volume.

[0309] The initial foam volume dispensed from the foam pump is recorded in milliliters (mL). The precision of the volume determined is + / - 0.5 mL. Foam volumes less than 0.5 mL are recorded as 0.

[0310] Rotary cylinder foam test

[0311] The evaluation of the foaming performance of different compositions can also be determined with the rotating cylinder foam test. Here, the foam is generated by a rotating cylinder filled with composition and air (and not by a foam pump system). First, 100 mL of the cleaning composition is added to a 1000 mL graduated glass cylinder. The glass cylinder is sealed with a cap. At 20 °C, the cylinder is continuously rotated (from top to bottom) at a frequency of 1 s -1 After every 5 rotations, the cylinder is stopped and the total volume (liquid + foam) is recorded after 5 seconds, then the rotation is resumed.

[0312] The rotating cylinder foam volume is recorded in milliliters (mL). The precision of the volume determined is + / - 10 mL. The measured foam volume is the sum of the liquid volume and the foam volume.

[0313] Manual foam application test

[0314] The measurement of the foaming performance under use conditions is performed using the following procedure. First, 5 g each of the cleaning composition is added to the 2 chambers of a foam pump system. The foam pump system is a 3M dual chamber mini foam pump (3M DCMF pump). According to the instructions of the foam pump system, foam is generated by dispensing 2 foam pumps (one pump per chamber) at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius + / - 2 degrees Celsius. The foam is dispensed into the palm of the dry left hand. The other hand is wetted and then the foam is distributed between the two hands by a rotating motion of the palms against each other; 20 rotations within 10 seconds. This also ensures the mixing of the foam from the 2 chambers. The foam properties (amount of foam, bubble size, foam texture) are evaluated and an image is taken directly after dispensing the foam and after the 10 seconds of dispensing process.

[0315] If the same composition is used in both chambers, the concentration of the components of one composition does not change when dispensed and mixed with the foam of the foam of the other chamber. When 2 different compositions are used, the concentration of the components of one composition is reduced to half of the initial value when dispensed and mixed with the foam of the foam of the other chamber (the mass of the foam dispensed from each chamber is tested to be consistent within + / - 5% and therefore, it is assumed that each pump dispenses equal foam mass from both chambers).

[0316] Sensory panel evaluation

[0317] ​​​The sensory attributes of the cleansing compositions during use were measured as follows. The evaluation was blind and had a random order of samples for each subject. Each of the 6 subjects washed their hands using tap water with a bar soap such as Dial® to ensure equal baseline values. Two foam pumps (one pump per chamber) were dispensed into one wet hand and the foam was dispensed into both hands within a 10 second time. The hands were rinsed with tap water until the hands felt rinsed. Each subject evaluated the following 2 parameters immediately before rinsing and throughout the rinse: 1) conditioning on a scale of 1 to 5, where 5 represents the highest level of conditioning; 2) softness scale is 1 to 5, where 5 represents the highest level of softness. Data is expressed as the number average of subjects. The function STDEV.P computes the standard deviation (STD) from the data. The standard deviation uses the following formula:

[0318] where is the sample mean and n is the sample size.

[0319] High shear foam mixing test

[0320] The foam volume after foam mixing by 2 compositions was evaluated using a high shear foam mixing test. Foam was generated by a 3M dual chamber microfoam pump (3M DCMF pump) foam pump system. 5 g of each cleansing composition was added to each chamber. Foam was generated by dispensing 10 foam pumps (5 pumps per chamber) at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius + / - 2 degrees Celsius according to the instructions of the foam pump system. The foam was dispensed into a graduated volumetric measuring device with a 200 mL volume and the initial foam volume was determined 5 seconds after dispensing. The foam from both chambers was then homogenized / mixed using a Polytron PT3100D homogenizer with a PT-DA 3020 / 2EC generator at 13,900 rpm for 60 seconds. The mixed foam volume was measured and recorded. This foam mixing test is a good indication of the mid-foam performance (see, e.g., the manual foam application test) and allows for screening of several combinations of anionic surfactant to cationic surfactant with different molar charge ratios. After foam mixing, a reduction in initial foam volume to about 70% is considered sufficient to indicate a consumer perceptible difference in foam volume.

[0321] Composition preparation for examples and comparative examples of the invention

[0322] The compositions of the present embodiments and comparative examples were prepared using different types of formulation ingredients (i.e., raw materials from individual suppliers). Unless explicitly indicated otherwise, the ratio of cationic surfactant to anionic surfactant is described herein in molar ratio. These materials are listed below along with the INCI / chemical name, abbreviation, trade name, and supplier:​

[0323] Anionic surfactant

[0324] Sodium lauryl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate (SLES) was used as ES-2K from Solvay.

[0325] Sodium tridecyl polyoxyethylene ether sulfate was used as EST-65 from Solvay.

[0326] Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate was used as Adinol TM CT24 M BAL from Croda.

[0327] Sodium cocoyl isethionate was used as SCI-85C from Clariant.

[0328] Hydrolyzed potato starch dodecenyl succinate sodium was from Akzo Nobel.

[0329] Amphoteric surfactant / zwitterionic surfactant

[0330] Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB) was used as Betain F50 from Evonik Inc.

[0331] Cationic surfactant

[0332] Hydrophobically modified cationic polyglycerol (G1 and G6) was from Lonza.

[0333] Lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride was used as LATAC-30% from Pilot Chemical.

[0334] Cocamidopropyl dimethyl amine was used as Schercodine TM C from Lubrizol.

[0335] Other

[0336] Cationic polymeric guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride was used as C-17 from Solvay.

[0337] Millipore Direct-Q® 3 UV / UF system with a Progard® 3 UV filter. TM 2 filter. TM ​​​​The system obtains deionized water (DI water).

[0338] The tap water used had a pH of 6 and a moderate hardness of about 100 mg / L (as calcium carbonate).

[0339] Obtained through standard retail channels in August 2015 Baby shampoo. The INCI ingredient list is: water, PEG-80 sorbitan laurate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium trideceth sulfate, PEG-150 distearate, phenoxyethanol, glycerin, citric acid, fragrance, sodium benzoate, tetrasodium EDTA, polyquaternium-10, ethylhexylglycerin, sodium hydroxide, potassium acrylates copolymer, yellow 6, yellow 10.

[0340] Unless otherwise specified, all ingredient products received were added in amounts such that the composition contained the resulting weight percent of active material. For example, 9 wt% of SLES active material corresponds to 34.6 wt% of ES-2K, which has 26% active; as 9 wt% / 26% = 34.6 wt%.

[0341] Composition preparation for use in examples E1 to E22 and comparative examples C1 to C3 and C6 to C33 of the invention

[0342] The compositions for Examples El to E22 and Comparative Examples Cl to C3 and C6 to C33 were prepared as follows: The appropriate sized vessel, equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer and hot plate, was charged with the required amount of DI water and anionic or cationic surfactant and mixed at 200 to 250 rpm until the mixture was uniform. If necessary, the mixture was heated above the melting point of the surfactant used until the mixture was uniform and then allowed to cool to room temperature. For C3, C8, and Cll, the aqueous solution of anionic surfactant was added to the water-cationic surfactant mixture. The pH was then measured before the composition was discharged into the appropriate storage container.

[0343] Composition preparation for use in comparative example C4

[0344] The composition for Comparative Example C4 was prepared as follows: The appropriate sized vessel, equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer, was charged with the required amount of DI water. The Baby Shampoo (JBS) was added and mixed at 200 to 250 rpm until the mixture was uniform. The pH was measured before the composition was discharged into the appropriate storage container.

[0345] Composition preparation for use in comparative example C5

[0346] The composition for Comparative Example C5 was prepared as follows: The required amount of DI water was added to an appropriately sized vessel equipped with an overhead mechanical stirrer. With stirring at 400 rpm, the cationic guar gum (C17) was slowly added and mixed until uniformly dispersed. Then, the zwitterionic surfactant CAPB was added and mixed at 200 rpm to 250 rpm until the mixture was uniform. Then, the anionic surfactant was added and mixed at 200 rpm to 250 rpm until the mixture was uniform. The pH was measured prior to discharging the composition to an appropriate storage vessel. C17), and mixed until uniformly dispersed. Then, the zwitterionic surfactant CAPB was added and mixed at 200 rpm to 250 rpm until the mixture was uniform. Then, the anionic surfactant was added and mixed at 200 rpm to 250 rpm until the mixture was uniform. The pH was measured prior to discharging the composition to an appropriate storage vessel.

[0347] Example 1 a

[0348] Initial foam volume when dispensed from a foam pump: examples (E1 to E2) and comparative examples (C1 to C5) of the invention

[0349] Example 1a shows that the composition of the application used according to the method of use of the application has good initial foam behavior consistent with typical high foaming cleaner compositions. This example demonstrates that the application allows for the use of surfactants in combination that have not previously shown desirable foaming behavior in the comparative examples as well as not shown desirable foaming behavior.

[0350] The compositions of Comparative Examples C1 to C5 and inventive Examples E1 to E2 are listed in Table la. Foam from the compositions was simultaneously generated via a dual chamber foam pump. For each of the embodiments in the examples, the 2 chambers contained the same composition or 2 different compositions as shown in Table la. The initial level of foam upon dispensing of the two foamed compositions was measured according to the initial foam volume as described by the foam pump test dispensing.

[0351] The measured initial foam volumes are listed in Table la and shown in Figure 1 a Example C1 used only anionic surfactants and showed a high foam volume (greater than 5 mL). Example C2 used only cationic surfactants and showed a high foam volume. C4 (a commercial cleaner (JBS)) which used a combination of anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and nonionic surfactants also found the same behavior. This cleaner also contained a cationic polymer but did not contain a cationic surfactant. C5 cleaner which used a combination of anionic surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and cationic polymer but did not use a cationic surfactant also found the same behavior. However, Example C3 used a combination of anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants (in both chambers). The initial foam volume of this composition was lower than the levels seen in the inventive examples (e.g. less than 5 mL). Notably, the comparison of the initial foam volumes for C1, C2, and C3 shows that a combination of foaming anionic surfactants (such as SLES, C1) and foaming cationic surfactants (such as G6, C2) obtains a composition (C3) that is as low as non-foaming.

[0352] Even though each of E1 and E2 uses an anionic and a cationic surfactant, the inventive examples E1 and E2 show a high initial foam volume (higher than 5 mL). This is achieved by using two chambers to separate the two surfactant types, which only come into contact when dispensed from the chamber in which they are contained.

[0353] Table 1 a. Comparative examples C1 to C5 and examples E1 to E2 of the invention

[0354]

[0355] * To JBS select 1 :3 dilution with water to produce surfactant active levels comparable to examples C1 to C3, C5, E1 to E2.

[0356] As Figure 1 a shown in the graph and as outlined above, the inventive examples E1 and E2 exhibit a high initial foam volume, even though the resulting foaming composition comprises both an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant. The graph depicts that the initial foam volume of E1 and E2 is comparable to the initial foam volume of compositions comprising only anionic or cationic surfactants, such as C1 and C2, respectively. Furthermore, the initial foam volume of E1 and E2 is even comparable to typical foam rich anionic surfactant based foaming cleanser compositions, such as C4 and C5. This shows that the combination of anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants for producing a foam according to the present application allows to achieve a high initial foam volume comparable to current foaming cleansers. In contrast, as shown by comparative example C3, some combinations of anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants for producing a foam can typically have a detrimental effect on the initial foam generation, resulting in a low initial foam volume. In other words, a combination of anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants typically does not result in a desired initial foam volume when combined and dispensed through the same chamber.

[0357] Example 1 b

[0358] Rotating cylinder foam test of comparative examples (C6 to C8).

[0359] By using different foam generation methods, example IB summarizes the foaming behavior of the compositions used in C1, C2 and C3, respectively, demonstrating that the anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants that have been combined in the compositions do not foam well.

[0360] The compositions of comparative examples C6 to C8 are listed in table 1 b. Foam was generated and the volume was measured according to the rotating cylinder foam test.

[0361] The measured volumes are summarized in Figure 1 bExample C6 used only an anionic surfactant and showed that the foam volume increased with the number of rotations and a high foam volume was observed (higher than 250 mL). Example C7 used only a cationic surfactant and showed that the foam volume increased with the number of rotations and a high foam volume was observed (higher than 250 mL). On the other hand, Example C8 used a combination of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant. The volume of this composition was low (lower than 250 mL) and did not increase with the increase in the number of rotations, as observed for C6 and C7. This indicates that the combination of a foaming anionic surfactant (such as SLES in C6) and a foaming cationic surfactant (such as G6 in C7) results in a low to no foam composition (as in the composition of C8). The rotating cylinder foam test produces foam differently compared to the foam pump and it evaluates the ability of the composition to produce foam in a continuous manner (number of rotations). The observed foaming behavior is consistent with the observations made with the dual foam pump test: the combination of a foaming anionic surfactant and a foaming cationic surfactant results in a low to no foam composition.

[0362] Table 1 b: comparative examples C6 to C8

[0363]

[0364] As Figure 1 b shown, the combination of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant, such as Comparative Example C8, which can be used to conventionally produce foam (e.g., produce foam by agitation / shaking), exhibits an adverse effect on foam production, resulting in a low foam volume behavior, even with an extended foam production method as measured by the rotating cylinder foam test.

[0365] The anionic and cationic surfactant compositions alone, such as Comparative Examples C7 and C6, exhibit a high foam volume behavior as measured with the rotating cylinder foam test as described above. Despite the use of an anionic surfactant and a cationic surfactant, the inventive examples E1 and E2 exhibit a high initial foam volume due to their inventive method of use (as shown in Figure 1 a

[0366] Example 2

[0367] Manual foam application test: example (E3) and comparative examples (C9, C10 and C11) of the invention ​

[0368] This example illustrates the use method of the present application. The initial foam of the composition of the present application used according to the use method of the present application can be comparable to that of a typical cleanser composition, whereas a composition directly combining anionic surfactant and cationic surfactant does not exhibit an acceptable foaming behavior. Furthermore, it illustrates that during use, the foam level of the composition of the present application used according to the use method of the present application disappears relatively quickly, whereas the foam generated by a typical cleanser composition remains and has to be rinsed off subsequently for a longer time.

[0369] The compositions of comparative examples C9 to C11 and inventive example E3 are listed in Table 2. Foam from the compositions is generated simultaneously via a dual chamber foam pump (both chambers contain the same composition or two different compositions, as indicated in Table 2 for each example) and foam properties (foam amount, bubble size, foam texture) are evaluated and images are taken. The respective images are shown in Figures 2 to 5. According to the manual foam application test described above, images are taken (a) immediately after dispensing the foam and (b) after a 10 second dispensing process.

[0370] Figure 2a C9 is shown with its initial foam dispensed initially, and Figure 2b C9 is shown after 10 seconds of mixing the foam from the two chambers. Figure 3a and Figure 3b The same results are shown for C10. Figure 4a and Figure 4b The same results are shown for E3. Figure 5a and Figure 5b The same results are shown for C11. The initial foam volume shown in the images denoted with (a) is in line with the measured values for the same / equivalent composition used when dispensed from the foam pump test (see Table la for the equivalent composition). C9 and C10 (anionic surfactant only or cationic surfactant only, respectively) show good initial foaming as expected for a cleanser, with small bubble size and a creamy texture. C11 (combination of anionic surfactant and cationic surfactant) shows a low initial foam volume - lower than expected for a cleanser - with larger bubbles and a texture considered to be runny. However, in the case of inventive example E3, the foam is generated for the anionic surfactant composition and the cationic surfactant composition separately (here using a dual chamber foam pump system). The initial foam volume and properties are comparable to C9 and C10, in particular, the results are that good initial foaming is generated as would be expected for a cleanser, the bubble size is small and the texture is creamy.

[0371] Foam properties after 10 seconds of foam dispensing and mixing between two hands from two chambers are shown in the images denoted by (b). C9 and C10 show typical surfactant behavior. There is still a significant amount of foam present, covering the hands, which shows typical bubble size and texture. The rinsing process of this foamed product requires a significant amount of water, and ultimately is a longer rinsing time. On the other hand, C11 shows little foam remaining, and rinsing is fast. E3 also shows very low foam volume and a creamy texture instead of a foamy texture, and the rinsing step of E3 is faster, after 10 seconds of foam dispensing and mixing between two hands from two chambers. E3 provides sufficient initial foam as expected by a foaming cleanser (including, for example, greater volume and creaminess), but upon use, the foam quickly collapses, with the product transitioning into a creamy composition that can be easily rinsed off.

[0372] Table 2. Comparative examples C9 to C11 and example E3 of the invention

[0373]

[0374] As shown in Figures 2-5, the inventive example E3 shows good initial foam, but after 10 seconds of dispensing / mixing, the foam transitions into a cream that can be quickly rinsed off. In contrast, comparative examples C9-10 exhibit good foam stability, and after 10 seconds, retain a significant amount of foam and are difficult to rinse off. Comparative example C11 shows low initial foam that is not suitable for and not expected by a user for a desired foaming cleanser. Thus, of the four examples, only E3 shows good initial foam, with fast foam breakdown and fast rinsing.

[0375] Example 3

[0376] Sensory panel evaluation: Inventive example (E4) and comparative examples (C12-C13),

[0377] Example 3 tested the desired sensory benefits of the inventive composition used according to the method of use of the invention, when compared to the sensory behavior of a typical cleanser composition.

[0378] The compositions of comparative examples C12-C13 and inventive example E4 are listed in Table 3a. Foam from the compositions was generated simultaneously via a dual chamber foam pump (two chambers containing the same composition or two different compositions, as shown in Table 3a for each example). The sensory attributes (conditioning and softness) were evaluated in a blind sensory panel study according to the sensory panel evaluation test described above.

[0379] The conditioning level of inventive example E4 was higher compared to the performance of typical cleanser compositions, resulting in a conditioning score of 4.5 (on a scale of 1 to 5), compared to conditioning scores of 1.2 and 2.7 for the comparative examples. The softness level of inventive example E4 was also found to be higher compared to the performance of typical cleanser compositions, resulting in a softness score of 4.0 (on a scale of 1 to 5), compared to conditioning scores of 1.2 and 2.2 for the comparative examples.

[0380] Table 3a. Composition of comparative examples C12 to C13 and example E4 of the invention

[0381]

[0382] Table 3b. Sensory panel test results for examples C12 to C13 and E4 .

[0383]

[0384] As shown in Tables 3a and 3b, inventive example E4 exhibited softness scores of 3 to 5 and conditioning scores of 4 to 5, while comparative examples C12 to 14 exhibited softness scores of 1 to 4 and conditioning scores of 1 to 4.

[0385] Example 4

[0386] High shear foam mixing test: examples (E5 to E22) and comparative examples (C14 to C33) of the invention

[0387] Example 4 shows the desired foaming properties of the present invention for several different combinations of anionic surfactants and cationic surfactants, and shows that certain ratios of anionic surfactant to cationic surfactant are applied to the present invention.

[0388] The compositions of comparative examples C14 to C33 and inventive examples E5 to E22 are listed in Tables 4a to 4c below. Foam from the compositions was generated simultaneously via a dual chamber foam pump (for each of the examples, the two chambers contained the anionic and cationic surfactant compositions as shown in Tables 4a to 4c), and the foam volume was evaluated before and after mixing / homogenizing the foam according to the high shear foam mixing test.

[0389] Table 4a shows data for SLES as the anionic surfactant and four different cationic surfactants. The observed foam behavior was similar for these 4 examples. To visualize this general behavior, the data for SLES:G6 is shown in Figure 4aThe initial foam volume for SLES:G6 was high (85 mL to 90 mL) for all test ratios of SLES:G6. The foam volume after mixing showed a minimum at a molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge of about 0.64. The foam volume effectively decreased for a range of charge molar ratios; for this system, 0.23 to at least 1.02. Due to charge-charge interactions, a foam minimum was expected to be observed at a charge molar ratio of about 1. The deviation for the SLES:G6 system can be due to the molecular weight and charge density data for G6 being somewhat inaccurate.

[0390] For the SLES:G1 system, a foam minimum was determined for a charge molar ratio of about 1.34. The SLES:G1 achieved a narrower range of charge molar ratios for effective foam reduction compared to SLES:G6.

[0391] For the SLES: lauryltrimethylammonium chloride system, a foam minimum was determined for a charge molar ratio of about 1.29. The foam volume effectively decreased for a range of charge molar ratios; for this system, 0.49 or less to about 1.5.

[0392] For the SLES: cocamidopropyl dimethylamine system, a foam minimum was determined for a charge molar ratio of about 0.88. The foam volume effectively decreased for a range of charge molar ratios; for this system, 0.88 or less to at least 1.48.

[0393] Table 4a-d: comparative examples C14 to C20 and examples E5 to E15 of the invention using sodium laureth sulfate as anionic surfactant As anionic surfactant

[0394] The total wt% of surfactant for each example was 8.5 wt%. The molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge was calculated using the wt% of surfactant in the composition and the molecular weight per charge given in the table below. For the following examples, the Mw per charge for the anionic surfactant: sodium laureth sulfate was 376 g / mol; for the cationic surfactant: G6, the Mw per charge was 342 g / mol; for the cationic surfactant: G1, the Mw per charge was 1206 g / mol; for the cationic surfactant: lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, the Mw per charge was 264 g / mol; for the cationic surfactant: cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, the Mw per charge was 304 g / mol***.

[0395] Table 4a

[0396]

[0397] Table 4b

[0398]

[0399] Table 4c

[0400]

[0401] Table 4d

[0402]

[0403] ***Assuming all amine units are protonated, thus charged.

[0404] The following tables (Table 5a and Table 5b) show data for sodium trideceth sulfate as the anionic surfactant and two different cationic surfactants. The observed foam behavior is similar to the SLES system in Table 4a. The initial foam volume is high (85 mL to 90 mL) for all test ratios.

[0405] For the sodium trideceth sulfate:G6 system, the foam minimum is identified for a charge molar ratio of about 0.55. The foam volume effectively decreases for a range of charge molar ratios; for this system, from about 0.55.

[0406] For the sodium trideceth sulfate: cocamidopropyl dimethyl amine system, the foam minimum is identified for a charge molar ratio of about 1.05. The foam volume effectively decreases for a range of charge molar ratios; for this system, from 0.62 or less to at least 1.68.

[0407] Table 5a-b: comparative examples C21 to C22 and examples E16 to E19 of the invention using trideceth sulfate sodium as anionic surfactant As anionic surfactant

[0408] For the examples, the total weight % of surfactant for each example is 8.5 wt. %. The molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is calculated using the weight % of surfactant in the composition and the molecular weight per charge as given in Table 4b. Anionic surfactant: sodium trideceth sulfate, Mw per charge: 435 g / mol; Cationic surfactant: G6, Mw per charge: 342 g / mol; Cationic surfactant: cocamidopropyl dimethyl amine, MW per charge: 304 g / mol***.

[0409] Table 5a

[0410]

[0411] Table 5b

[0412]

[0413] ***Assuming all amine units are protonated, thus charged.

[0414] Data is shown for three different anionic surfactants and different cationic surfactants. The observed foam behavior is similar to that seen above for the SLES system. For all test ratios, the initial foam volume is high (70 mL to 90 mL).

[0415] For the sodium methyl cocoyl taurate: lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride system, a foam minimum is identified for a charge molar ratio of about 0.86. For a range of charge molar ratios, the foam volume effectively decreases; for this system, from about 0.6 to about 1.2.

[0416] For the sodium methyl cocoyl taurate: G6 system, a foam minimum is not identified. Within the range of charge molar ratios tested, 0.31 to 0.99, the highest ratio shows an initial foam volume phase of 72% while the other two test ratios are > 100%.

[0417] For the sodium cocoyl isethionate: G6 system, a foam minimum is identified for a charge molar ratio of about 0.83.

[0418] For the hydrolyzed potato starch dodecenyl succinate sodium: cocamidopropyl dimethylamine system, a foam minimum is identified for a charge molar ratio of about 1.05. For a range of charge molar ratios, the foam volume effectively decreases; for this system, from about 1.05.

[0419] Table 6a-d: comparative examples C23 to C33 and examples E20 to E22 of the invention using taurate, isethionate and succinate as anionic surfactants Table 6a

[0420] For the following examples, the total weight % of surfactant for each example is 8.5 wt. %. The molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is calculated using the weight % of surfactant in the composition and the molecular weight per charge as given in Table 4c. In the examples, the anionic surfactant: methyl cocoyl taurate has a Mw per charge: 344 g / mol; the anionic surfactant: sodium cocoyl isethionate has a Mw per charge: 331 g / mol; the cationic surfactant: lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride has a Mw per charge: 264 g / mol; the cationic surfactant: G6 has a Mw per charge: 342 g / mol; the surfactant hydrolyzed potato starch dodecenyl succinate sodium has a Mw per charge: about 6000 g / mol; and the cationic surfactant: cocamidopropyl dimethylamine has a Mw per charge: 304 g / mol***.

[0421] Table 6b

[0422]

[0423] Table 6c

[0424]

[0425] Table 6d

[0426]

[0427] ​

[0428]

[0429] ***Assuming all amine units are protonated, thus charged.

[0430] As shown above, for Inventive Examples E5 to E22, the foam volume is significantly reduced (less than 70% of the initial foam volume) after homogenization. In contrast, for Comparative Examples C12 to C33, the foam volume is substantially maintained or even increased (more than 70% of the initial foam volume) after homogenization.

Claims

1. A cleansing composition consisting of a combination of: a. a first composition which is an aqueous liquid of an anionic surfactant; b. a second composition which is an aqueous liquid of a cationic surfactant; wherein the first and second compositions are maintained in separate containers and are each separately dispensed in the form of a foam, and wherein the first and second compositions are mixed together to form the cleansing composition, wherein the combination of anionic and cationic surfactants being selected from any one of the following groups: (i) the anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate, the cationic surfactant is lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.49 to 1.5; (ii) the anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate, the cationic surfactant is cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.88 to 1.48; (iii) the anionic surfactant is sodium trideceth sulfate, the cationic surfactant is cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.62 to 1.68; (iv) the anionic surfactant is sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, the cationic surfactant is lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.6 to 1.2; (v) the anionic surfactant is sodium hydrolyzed potato starch dodecenyl succinate, the cationic surfactant is cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is 1.

05.

2. A method of cleansing a target skin area, the method comprising the steps of: a. having a first composition which is an aqueous liquid of an anionic surfactant in a first container; b. having a second composition which is an aqueous liquid of a cationic surfactant in a second container; c. dispensing the first and second compositions simultaneously such that they contact each other upon dispensing to form a combined composition having an initial foam volume; d. applying the combined composition to the target skin area; and e. rinsing the foam-reduced composition from the target skin area, wherein the combination of anionic and cationic surfactants is selected from any one of the following groups: (i) the anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate, the cationic surfactant is lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.49 to 1.5; (ii) the anionic surfactant is sodium laureth sulfate, the cationic surfactant is cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.88 to 1.48; (iii) the anionic surfactant is sodium trideceth sulfate, the cationic surfactant is cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.62 to 1.68; (iv) the anionic surfactant is sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, the cationic surfactant is lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is from 0.6 to 1.2; (v) the anionic surfactant is sodium hydrolyzed potato starch dodecenyl succinate, the cationic surfactant is cocamidopropyl dimethylamine, the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is 1.

05. (iv) the anionic surfactant is sodium methyl cocoyl taurate and the cationic surfactant is lauryl trimethyl ammonium chloride and the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is 0.6 to 1.2; (v) the anionic surfactant is hydrolyzed sodium potato starch dodecenyl succinate and the cationic surfactant is cocamidopropyl dimethyl amine and the molar ratio of anionic charge to cationic charge is 1.

05.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the first container and the second container are assembled together as part of a single device.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of applying is achieved by direct application with the user's hand or by use of an applicator device.

Images