A combined structure applicable to a wide temperature range and a manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

A combined structure applicable to a wide temperature range and a manufacturing method. The method includes manufacturing part A that encloses a cavity; filling the cavity with part B material, where the part B material is a curable material and is in a flowable state when being filled into the cavity; installing a pressurization system, or installing a pressurization system and an energy storage system; applying a pressure action process to the part B material in the cavity by using the pressurization system, or by using the pressurization system and the energy storage system. The structure includes three parts A, B, and C: Part A is made of a solid material and the enclosed space is a cavity; Part B is a cement-based material filled in the cavity enclosed by part A, undergoes hydration in the cavity, and is subjected to a designed pressure history during the hydration process; Part C is one or more spatial regions that are all within the cavity and have been or are being occupied by a pressurization device, an energy storage device, or a pressurization material.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the fields of architecture, bridges and machinery, and in particular to a composite structure. Background Art

[0002] The concrete in the steel tube concrete composite structure will shrink, which will cause separation between the concrete and the inner wall of the steel tube, affecting the collaborative work between the two and further affecting the mechanical properties of the composite structure.

[0003] In the existing literature, there are two major methods to solve this problem. The first method is to change the shrinkage characteristics of the concrete material, reduce the shrinkage as much as possible, or allow the material to expand. This method is irrelevant to the present invention and will not be described in detail.

[0004] The second method is to apply pressure to the steel pipe after the concrete is filled in. There are three methods of applying pressure.

[0005] The first pressurization method is to install a thin tube on the steel pipe of the composite structure. This thin tube is connected to a pressurizing device outside the steel pipe. The pressurizing device applies pressure to the concrete inside the thin tube. When the concrete has sufficient strength, the thin tube containing concrete is sawed off. When the concrete is in a flowing state, if the concrete inside the steel pipe shrinks, the pressurizing device will squeeze the concrete in the thin tube into the steel pipe to fill the volume of the shrunk concrete. When the concrete has strength, the concrete in the steel pipe will shrink again. Since the concrete cannot flow, the concrete in the thin tube cannot enter the steel pipe to fill the shrinkage volume of the concrete; this will cause the pressure of the steel pipe on the side of the concrete to decrease, and may even cause the concrete to separate from the inner surface of the steel pipe.

[0006] The second pressurization method is: the composite structure steel pipe has two sections, one thick and one thin, and the thick one is put outside the thin one. After the steel pipe is filled with concrete, the two sections of steel pipe are put together, and a press is used to apply pressure to them along the axial direction. The two sections of the pipe slide relative to each other along the axial direction, and at the same time, pressure is also applied to the concrete in the steel pipe. When the pressure reaches the required level, the two sections of steel pipe are connected together, and they cannot move relative to each other. Concrete shrinks in volume both before and after solidification. The problem with this method is that after the two sections of steel pipe are fixed together, the concrete is still shrinking. When the concrete shrinks, the tangential tensile strain of the steel pipe decreases accordingly, and the pressure applied by the steel pipe to the side of the concrete will also decrease accordingly, and even the concrete will separate from the inner surface of the steel pipe.

[0007] The third pressurization method is to set "large pistons" at both ends of the steel pipe of the concrete-filled steel pipe. The diameter of the "large piston" is basically the same as the inner diameter of the steel pipe, and the piston can move axially inside the steel pipe. When the "pistons" at both ends are squeezed by the loading device, the "pistons" move towards each other to squeeze the concrete in the steel pipe. Maintain the pressure applied to the pistons until the concrete reaches a certain strength. The problem with this method is that if the slenderness ratio (the ratio of length to diameter) of the steel pipe is relatively long, its technical effect is not very good. For example, when the slenderness ratio is 7 (in most cases in actual projects, this value is larger), after the concrete is filled into the steel pipe, a constant force is applied to the "pistons" at both ends until the concrete reaches sufficient strength. Since the concrete will shrink even after solidification and even after having a certain strength, and at this time, due to the strength of the concrete, as well as the adhesion and friction between it and the inner wall of the steel pipe, the pressure of the piston can be offset or reduced, resulting in the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the steel pipe in the length direction being smaller than that at both ends. The larger the slenderness ratio, the smaller the axial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the steel pipe. The radial compressive stress of the concrete in the middle of the length direction will also decrease with the shrinkage of the concrete. If the diameter of the steel pipe is relatively large, there will even be a separation between the concrete and the steel pipe.

[0008] The common problem of the above three types of methods is that when the concrete solidifies, the movement and deformation of the concrete in the steel pipe are restricted by the steel pipe. For some time after solidification, the shrinkage of the concrete is still ongoing, and at this time, the external pressure cannot make the concrete flow freely. Due to the frictional force with the steel pipe, the stress field and strain field of the concrete are not uniform. At places far from the position where the external pressure acts, the compressive stress of the concrete in all three directions will be much smaller, and even the radial pressure is close to 0, or the concrete separates from the steel pipe.

[0009] High-strength concrete (HC), ultra-high-strength concrete (UHC), and reactive powder concrete (RPC) will burst when subjected to high temperatures. Some tests show that when the temperature reaches 320 °C, RPC begins to burst. Summary of the Invention

[0010] (1) Technical problems to be solved

[0011] The problems to be solved by the present invention are to improve the bearing capacity and high-temperature resistance of the composite structure made of ultra-high-strength cement-based materials. Specifically, it includes: (1) further improving the strength of high-strength and ultra-high-strength cement-based materials; (2) solving the high-temperature bursting problem of high-strength and ultra-high-strength cement-based materials in the composite structure, or increasing the minimum temperature at which the material bursts; (3) improving the overall high-temperature resistance of the composite structure.

[0012] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes the following technical solutions.

[0013] (2) Technical solution

[0014] Method part

[0015] A manufacturing method of a combined structure applicable to a wide temperature range, comprising:

[0016] (1) Fabricate part A that encloses a cavity;

[0017] (2) Fill the cavity with part B material, where the part B material is a curable material and is in a flowable state when being filled into the cavity; in the part B material, at least a portion of the material will undergo high-temperature explosion under normal pressure after solidifying and reaching the designed strength;

[0018] (3) Install a pressurization system, or install a pressurization system and an energy storage system;

[0019] (4) Use the pressurization system, or use the pressurization system and the energy storage system, to apply a pressure action process to the part B material in the cavity;

[0020] The construction sequence of steps (2) and (3) is not affected by the text arrangement order, and these two steps can also be carried out alternately.

[0021] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that

[0022] (1) The pressurization system includes pressurization material and / or a pressurization device;

[0023] The pressurization material has at least one of the following characteristics

[0024] a. When the pressurization material is in a flowable state, the pressurization material transfers pressure between different regions inside the cavity enclosed by part A;

[0025] b. When the pressurization material is in a flowable state, the pressurization material transfers pressure to all cross-sections in contact with it inside the cavity enclosed by part A;

[0026] c. The pressurization material increases or decreases the pressure on the part B material by increasing or decreasing the space it occupies in the cavity enclosed by part A;

[0027] The pressurization device has the following characteristics

[0028] When it works, it can increase or decrease the All or a part thereof space it occupies in the cavity enclosed by part A to increase or decrease the pressure on the part B material.

[0029] (2) The energy storage system contains energy storage material and / or an energy storage device;

[0030] The energy storage material has the following two characteristics:

[0031] a. When the pressure of the B part material in the cavity surrounded by the A part increases, the energy storage material absorbs energy;

[0032] b. When the pressure of the B part material in the cavity surrounded by the A part decreases, the energy storage material releases energy; when the pressure change value is the same, the energy absorbed or released by the energy storage material per unit volume is much greater than the energy absorbed or released by the B part material of the same volume.

[0033] The energy storage device has the following two characteristics:

[0034] a. When the pressure of the B part material in the cavity surrounded by the A part increases, the energy storage device can absorb energy; when the pressure of the B part material in the cavity surrounded by the A part decreases, the energy storage device releases energy;

[0035] b. When the pressure change value is the same, the energy absorbed or released by the energy storage device is much greater than the energy absorbed or released by the B part material of the same volume.

[0036] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the upper limit of the wide temperature range is higher than the temperature at which the B part material undergoes high-temperature bursting after reaching the design strength or / and the long-term strength.

[0037] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that:

[0038] The B part material is subjected to a pre-compressive stress P b The temperature T at which bursting occurs under the action b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the B part material bursts under normal pressure.

[0039] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the B part material has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0040] (1) The temperature rising condition of the B part material is that when the temperature is higher than the preset value, its temperature increases monotonically with time; the value range of the preset value is 0°C to 250°C, and at least one temperature preset value can be found within this range; when the above conditions are met, the temperature T at which the B part material bursts under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b The temperature T at which bursting occurs under the action b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the B part material bursts under normal pressure;

[0041] (2) If the condition is met: the temperature rising curve formula of the B part material under normal pressure is T = f1(t) + T h under the pre-compressive stress P bThe heating curve formula for part B material under the action is T = f2(t) + T h , where f1(t) / f2(t) = λ, λ is a constant, and λ > 1; T h is a constant, and its value range is 0°C ≤ T h ≤ 250°C;

[0042] Then there are the following phenomena: The temperature T b at which part B material bursts under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which part B material bursts under normal pressure; or,

[0043] Even when part B material does not burst under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b , its temperature can still be higher than the temperature T0 at which part B material bursts under normal pressure;

[0044] (3) When the heating rate is the same, the temperature T0 at which part B material bursts under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which part B material bursts under normal pressure.

[0045] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that in the part B area, at least a part of the filled material includes at least a cement-based material, or a mixture of a polymer material and a cement-based material.

[0046] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the pressure-applying material includes at least one of the following four materials: a cement-based material, a curable polymer material, a mixture of a polymer material and a cement-based material, and a curable inorganic non-metallic material.

[0047] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the pressure-applying material is a self-expanding material, and the self-expanding material is a material that can expand in volume by itself, or a material that can expand in volume by itself under certain conditions; preferably, the self-expanding material is a static crack agent or an expansive cement-based material, and preferably, the expansive cement-based material is expansive cement mortar or expansive concrete.

[0048] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the energy storage device includes at least one of the following:

[0049] Type I energy storage device, Type II energy storage device, Type III energy storage device, Type IV energy storage device.

[0050] Furthermore, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the method of applying pressure to the part B material in the cavity of part A includes at least one of the following:

[0051] (1) Apply pressure to part B of the material by increasing the pressure inside the pressurized material in a flowable state; preferably, squeeze and extrude the pressurized material into the cavity surrounded by part A through a pressurized pipeline;

[0052] (2) Apply pressure directly to part B of the material through a pressurizing device;

[0053] The preferred pressurizing device includes at least one of the following: a pressure rod, a pressurized pipeline and an external pressurizing device connected thereto, a self-expanding device, a pressurized airbag, a pressurized liquid bag, and a pressurized air-liquid bag;

[0054] The preferred solution of the self-expanding device includes a type A self-expanding device or / and a type B self-expanding device;

[0055] The preferred solution of the type A self-expanding device includes a type A1 self-expanding device or / and a type A2 self-expanding device;

[0056] (3) Apply pressure to part B of the material by squeezing the pressurized material through a pressurizing device.

[0057] Further, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that,

[0058] The pressurized airbag is a lower limit airbag, or / and an upper limit airbag, or / and a dual limit airbag;

[0059] The pressurized liquid bag is a lower limit liquid bag, or / and an upper limit liquid bag, or / and a dual limit liquid bag;

[0060] The pressurized air-liquid bag is a lower limit air-liquid bag, or / and an upper limit air-liquid bag, or / and a dual limit air-liquid bag.

[0061] Further, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the pressurizing system has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0062] The pressurized material is a late-setting pressurized material.

[0063] Further, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that...

[0064] The pressurizing device is a pressure rod, and the fixing method is to bond the pressure rod to other parts of the combined structure with an early-strength material, a cement-based material or other rapid adhesives; the characteristics of the early-strength cement-based material or rapid adhesive are that the time to reach the design strength is 3 - 8 minutes, or 8 - 15 minutes, or 15 - 30 minutes, or 30 - 60 minutes, or 60 - 120 minutes;

[0065] The situation where the pressure rod needs to be fixed is that when the pressure rod is subjected to the pressure applied by an external loading device, in order to remove the external loading device while ensuring that the pressure of the flowable medium in the cavity of part A does not decrease significantly.

[0066] Further, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that a high-temperature exhaust passage is made on the combined structure; the high-temperature exhaust passage is characterized in that when the temperature is lower than a preset value, the exhaust passage is closed and cannot discharge fluid; when the temperature is higher than the preset value, the exhaust passage can discharge gas, thereby reducing the pressure on the inner wall of part A.

[0067] Further, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that the high-temperature exhaust passage includes at least one of the following:

[0068] (1) Before injecting the material of part B into the cavity surrounded by part A, a material capable of forming an exhaust layer is laid on the inner wall of part A;

[0069] Preferably, a low-melting-point metal mesh, a low-melting-point chemical fiber mesh, or a mesh composed of low-melting-point metal wires and low-melting-point chemical fibers is laid.

[0070] (2) Regularly distributed exhaust holes on part A, the preferred diameter of the holes is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, or 0.5 - 1.0 mm, or 1.0 - 2.5 mm, or 2.5 - 5.0, or greater than 5.0 mm;

[0071] Further, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that high-temperature stirrups are arranged in the cavity surrounded by part A; preferably, the stirrups are high-temperature annular stirrups or high-temperature spiral stirrups.

[0072] Further, the manufacturing method of the combined structure is characterized in that a high-temperature tightening device is arranged on the outside of part A; preferably, the manufacturing material of the high-temperature tightening device includes a high-temperature metal material; preferably, the manufacturing material of the high-temperature tightening device includes basalt fiber.

[0073] Further, the combined structure is characterized in that the combined structure has an axis, and this axis has one of the following characteristics:

[0074] (1) The axis is a straight line,

[0075] (2) The axis is an arched curve,

[0076] (3) The axis is a broken line,

[0077] (4) The axis is composed of one or more straight lines and one or more curves.

[0078] Further, the combined structure is characterized in that there is at least such a range along the length direction in the combined structure, and the outer contour line of the cross-section of the combined structure within this range is one of the following:

[0079] Circular, oval, polygonal, composed of multiple curves, composed of one or more straight lines and one or more curves;

[0080] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that the axial length of the combined structure is greater than twice the diameter of the minimum covering circle of any cross-section of the combined structure.

[0081] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that there is at least such a section range along the length direction of the combined structure, within which the outer shape of the combined structure is one of the following: cylinder, elliptical cylinder, prism, frustum of a cone, frustum of an elliptical cone, frustum of a pyramid.

[0082] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that

[0083] Within a certain range along the length direction of the combined structure, the cross-section of the combined structure has one of the following characteristics:

[0084] (1) On the cross-section, there is an energy storage device;

[0085] (2) On the cross-section, there is an energy storage device arranged on a certain axis of symmetry of the cross-section;

[0086] (3) On the cross-section, there is an energy storage device arranged at the geometric centroid of the cross-section;

[0087] (4) On the cross-section, there are multiple energy storage devices, which are respectively in contact with the inner wall of part A; preferably, the distance between adjacent energy storage devices on the cross-section is equal or close;

[0088] (5) On the cross-section, there are multiple energy storage devices arranged equidistantly along the perimeter of one or more geometric figures; the geometric figure is similar to the cross-sectional geometric shape of the cavity of part A and overlaps with the geometric centroid of the cavity cross-section;

[0089] (6) On the cross-section, there are multiple energy storage devices scattered in the cavity area surrounded by part A; preferably, the energy storage devices are approximately evenly distributed in the cavity area surrounded by part A;

[0090] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized by having one of the following three characteristics:

[0091] (1) The energy storage device is strip-shaped, and the axis of the energy storage device is parallel to the axis of the combined structure;

[0092] (2) The energy storage device is strip-shaped, and the axis of the energy storage device is in a plane with the axis of the combined structure and parallel to the inner wall of part A;

[0093] (3) The energy storage device is strip-shaped; the axis of the energy storage device and the axis of the combined structure are in one plane; the angle between the axis of the energy storage device and the axis of the combined structure is greater than 0 and less than the angle between the inner wall of part A and the axis of the combined structure.

[0094] Furthermore, for the combined structure, the aspect ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the energy storage blank area is 0 to 0.125, or 0.125 to 0.25, or 0.25 to 0.5, or 0.5 to 0.75, or 0.75 to 1.0, or 1.0 to 1.5;

[0095] The energy storage blank area is a certain length range of the combined structure, within which there is no energy storage device on each cross-section.

[0096] The aspect ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of the energy storage blank area refers to the ratio of the length of the blank area to the diameter of the smallest covering circle of any cross-section within this area range.

[0097] Furthermore, for the combined structure, within a certain range along the length direction of the combined structure, the combined structure simultaneously has the following characteristics (1) and (2):

[0098] (1) The pressurizing device is a device with the following characteristics: on the cross-section of the combined structure, the pressurizing device can change the pressure acting on the material in part B of the cavity by changing its own cross-sectional area;

[0099] (2) The cross-section of the combined structure has one of the following characteristics:

[0100] a. On the cross-section, there is a pressurizing device arranged at the geometric center of the cross-section;

[0101] b. On the cross-section, there are multiple pressurizing devices arranged along the inner wall of part A; preferably, the distance between adjacent pressurizing devices on the cross-section is equal or close;

[0102] c. On the cross-section, there are multiple pressurizing devices arranged equidistantly along the perimeter of a geometric figure; the geometric figure is similar to the cross-sectional geometric shape of the cavity of part A, and their geometric centers overlap;

[0103] d. On the cross-section, there are multiple pressurizing devices scattered in the cavity area surrounded by part A; preferably, the pressurizing devices are evenly distributed in the cavity area surrounded by part A;

[0104] Furthermore, for the combined structure, within a certain range along the length direction of the combined structure, the combined structure simultaneously has the following characteristics (1) and (2):

[0105] (1) The pressurizing device is strip-shaped; and, in the cross-section of the combined structure, the pressurizing device can change the pressure acting on the material in part B in the cavity by changing its own cross-sectional area;

[0106] (2) The pressurizing device has one of the following three characteristics:

[0107] a. The axis of the pressurizing device is parallel to the axis of the combined structure;

[0108] b. The axis of the pressurizing device is in a plane with the axis of the combined structure and parallel to the inner wall of part A;

[0109] c. The axis of the pressurizing device is in a plane with the axis of the combined structure; the angle between the axis of the pressurizing device and the axis of the combined structure is less than the angle between the inner wall of part A and the axis of the combined structure.

[0110] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that the aspect ratio of the pressurizing blank area is 0 - 0.125, or 0.125 - 0.25, or 0.25 - 0.5, or 0.5 - 0.75, or 0.75 - 1.0;

[0111] The pressurizing blank area is a section of the combined structure. Within this section, there is no pressurizing device on each cross-section with the following property: in the cross-section of the combined structure, the pressurizing device can change the pressure acting on the material in part B in the cavity by changing its own cross-sectional area;

[0112] The aspect ratio of the pressurizing blank area refers to the ratio of the length of the blank area to the diameter of the smallest covering circle of any cross-section within this area.

[0113] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that when the material in part B in the cavity is in the flowing stage, at least during a certain period of time, the pressurizing system, or the pressurizing system and the energy storage system, apply pressure to the material in part B.

[0114] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that after the time exceeds the depressurization time t3, the following treatment is performed on the airbag in the pressurizing device or the energy storage device: release the gas in it, and then inject curable material into it;

[0115] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that after the time exceeds t3, the following treatment is performed on the liquid bag in the pressurizing device or the energy storage device: empty the liquid in it, and then inject curable material into it;

[0116] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that after the time exceeds t3, the following treatment is performed on the gas-liquid bag in the pressurizing device or the energy storage device: empty the liquid therein, and then inject a curable material into it;

[0117] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that the pressure relief time t3 has the following characteristics: after the t3 moment, the strength of the material in part B meets the following requirements: the material has sufficient strength to resist the pressure change of the material in part B caused by the loss of the wall pressure.

[0118] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that the pressure relief time t3 has the following characteristics: after the t3 moment, the strength of the material in part B meets the following requirements: a. the material has sufficient strength to resist the pressure change of the material in part B caused by the loss of the wall pressure; b. the change in the stress state of the material in the cavity does not reduce or reduces less the long-term strength of the material in part B.

[0119] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that after the material in part B solidifies, the material is subjected to a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress.

[0120] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that:

[0121] The material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A is in a flowable state stage, and during one time period, or multiple time periods, or the entire stage, the material in part B is subjected to a pre-compressive stress.

[0122] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that:

[0123] During the solidification process of the material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A, during one time period, or multiple time periods, or the entire stage, the material in part B is subjected to a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress.

[0124] Furthermore, the residual pre-compressive stress in the combined structure is characterized in that after the material B solidifies, the material B will still shrink, and at this time the original pre-compressive stress in the material will become smaller, and the pre-compressive stress after becoming smaller is the residual pre-compressive stress.

[0125] A combined structure applicable to a wide temperature range is characterized in that the combined structure is manufactured by using one of the above methods.

[0126] A manufacturing method of a combined structure is characterized in that the combined structure manufactured by using one of the above methods is reprocessed; preferably, the columnar combined structure is cut into a required length; preferably, the end of the combined structure is removed.

[0127] A method for manufacturing a composite structure, characterized in that, among the components of the composite structure, there are included: a. a combined structure manufactured by one of the above methods, or b. a combined structure obtained by further processing a combined structure manufactured by one of the above methods;

[0128] Preferably, the composite structure is one of the following: a combined column, a reinforced concrete combined column with a single column inside, a steel fiber concrete combined column with a single column inside, a reinforced concrete combined column with multiple single columns, a sleeve concrete combined column with a single column inside, a concrete-filled steel tube combined column with multiple single columns, a lattice column, and a combined beam.

[0129] Product part

[0130] A composite structure applicable to a wide temperature range, comprising part A and part B, wherein

[0131] Part A is made of a solid material, and part A surrounds a cavity;

[0132] Part B is a solidified curable material filled in the cavity, and the material of part B can undergo high-temperature explosion under normal pressure;

[0133] There is a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress in part B.

[0134] Furthermore, the composite structure is characterized in that:

[0135] The temperature T at which the material of part B explodes under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B explodes under normal pressure. b

[0136] Furthermore, the composite structure is characterized in that the material of part B has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0137] (1) The temperature-rising condition of the material of part B is that when the temperature is higher than the preset value, its temperature increases monotonically with time; the value range of the preset value is 0°C to 250°C, and at least one temperature preset value can be found within this range; when the above conditions are met, the temperature T at which the material of part B explodes under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B explodes under normal pressure; b

[0138] (2) If the condition is met: the temperature-rising curve formula of the material of part B under normal pressure is T = f1(t) + T h , and the temperature-rising curve formula of the material of part B under the pre-compressive stress P b is T = f2(t) + T h, where f1(t) / f2(t) = λ, λ is a constant, and λ > 1; T h is a constant, and its value range is 0°C ≤ T h ≤ 250°C;

[0139] Then there are the following phenomena: The temperature T b at which the material in part B bursts under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material in part B bursts under normal pressure; or,

[0140] Even when the material in part B does not burst under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b , its temperature can still be higher than the temperature T0 at which the material in part B bursts under normal pressure;

[0141] (3) When the heating rate is the same, the temperature T0 at which the material in part B bursts under the action of the pre-compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material in part B bursts under normal pressure.

[0142] Furthermore, for the combined structure, it is characterized in that the combined structure further includes part C; part C is one or more spatial regions, and they are all within the cavity surrounded by part A; part C has at least one of the following seven characteristics:

[0143] 1) At least one of the spatial regions or a part of one of the spatial regions is at least occupied by one of the following: a certain pressurizing device, some parts of a certain pressurizing device, a certain energy storage device, some parts of a certain energy storage device, some pressurizing materials;

[0144] 2) At least one of the spatial regions or a part of one of the spatial regions is at least fully or partially occupied by the residue of a certain pressurizing device or the residue of some parts of a certain pressurizing device;

[0145] 3) At least one of the spatial regions or a part of one of the spatial regions is at least fully or partially occupied by the residue of a certain energy storage device or the residue of some parts of a certain energy storage device;

[0146] 4) At least one of the spatial regions or a part of one of the spatial regions is at least fully or partially occupied by the residue of pressurizing materials;

[0147] 5) During one or more time periods before the material in part B solidifies, at least one of the spatial regions or a part of one of the spatial regions is occupied by at least one of the following: a certain pressurizing device, some parts of a certain pressurizing device, a certain energy storage device, some parts of a certain energy storage device, some pressurizing materials;

[0148] 6) At least one of the space regions or a part of one of the space regions is not occupied by any material or device, but this space region was at least once occupied by a pressurizing device, or an energy storage device, or some pressurizing materials during one or more previous time periods;

[0149] 7) At least one of the space regions or a part of one of the space regions

[0150] is filled with P material; or,

[0151] is filled with P material, and all or some parts of the residues of a pressurizing device; or,

[0152] is filled with P material, and all or some parts of the residues of an energy storage device;

[0153] but the one space region or the part of the one space region was at least once occupied by at least one of the following during one or more previous time periods: a pressurizing device or some parts of a pressurizing device, an energy storage device or some parts of an energy storage device, some pressurizing materials; the filling time of the P material is later than the filling time of the B material;

[0154] Preferably, the P material is a material different from the B material; preferably, the P material is the same as the B material.

[0155] The curable material refers to a material that can solidify.

[0156] The residue of the pressurizing material is a part, or several parts, or all of the pressurizing material;

[0157] The residue of the pressurizing device is a part, or several parts, or all of the pressurizing device, but has lost some or all of the functions of the pressurizing device;

[0158] The residue of the energy storage device is a part, or several parts, or all of the energy storage device, but has lost some or all of the functions of the energy storage device.

[0159] Further, the combined structure is characterized in that the B part material is at least one of the following: high-strength concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete, reactive powder concrete.

[0160] Further, the combined structure is characterized in that in the B part region, low-melting-point fibers are incorporated into the materials in at least a part of the region; preferably, the region where the low-melting-point fibers are incorporated is the region adjacent to the inner wall of the A part.

[0161] Further, the combined structure is characterized in that

[0162] Between the pressure-applying material and the material of part B, at least a part of the area region is in direct contact, or,

[0163] On the contact surface between the pressure-applying material and the material of part B, at least a part of such an area region, on which there is an isolation layer separating the two materials;

[0164] Preferably, the tube isolation layer is permeable or impermeable.

[0165] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that a heat-resistant fastening device is provided on the outer surface of part A. Preferably, the material of the heat-resistant fastening device comprises at least one of the following: titanium alloy, stainless steel, basalt fiber bundle, carbon fiber bundle.

[0166] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that a heat-resistant annular stirrup is provided inside the cavity surrounded by part A, or / and a heat-resistant spiral stirrup is provided;

[0167] Preferably, the heat-resistant annular stirrup and spiral stirrup comprise at least one of the following materials: titanium alloy, stainless steel, basalt fiber bundle, carbon fiber bundle.

[0168] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that the pressure-applying device comprises at least one of the following: a pressure rod, an airbag, a liquid bag, an air-liquid bag or a self-expanding device.

[0169] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that there is also a high-temperature exhaust passage on the combined structure; the high-temperature exhaust passage is characterized in that when the temperature is lower than a preset value, the exhaust passage is closed and cannot discharge fluid; when the temperature is higher than the preset value, the exhaust passage can discharge gas to reduce the pressure on the inner wall of part A.

[0170] Furthermore, the combined structure is characterized in that the high-temperature exhaust passage comprises at least one of the following:

[0171] (1) An exhaust layer formed by melting a low-melting-point material mesh laid on the inner wall of part A under high-temperature conditions;

[0172] Preferably, a low-melting-point metal mesh, a low-melting-point chemical fiber mesh, a mesh composed of low-melting-point metal wires and low-melting-point chemical fibers is laid;

[0173] (2) Regularly distributed exhaust holes on part A, the preferred diameter of the holes is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, or 0.5 - 1.0 mm, or 1.0 - 2.5 mm, or 2.5 - 5.0, or greater than 5.0 mm; the exhaust holes are blocked or shielded by low-melting-point materials at normal temperature, and when the temperature exceeds a predetermined value, the blocking or shielding material melts, and the high-pressure steam in the cavity surrounded by part A can be discharged from the holes.

[0174] Further, for the combined structure, when the material of part B reaches the designed strength or the long-term strength, there is still pre-compressive stress or residual pre-compressive pressure in the material of part B in the combined structure.

[0175] A combined structure, characterized in that the combined structure is made by reprocessing the above-mentioned combined structure; preferably, it is formed by truncating the cylinder of the combined structure; preferably, it is made by reprocessing after removing the end of the combined structure.

[0176] A combined structure, characterized in that the combined structure contains the above-mentioned combined structure, or contains a combined structure obtained by processing the above-mentioned combined structure.

[0177] A combined structure, characterized in that the combined structure includes at least one of the following: single column, combined column, reinforced concrete combined column with a single column inside, steel fiber concrete combined column with a single column inside, reinforced concrete combined column with multiple single columns, sleeve concrete combined column with a single column inside, steel pipe concrete combined column with multiple single columns inside, lattice column, combined beam

[0178] Explanation of terms used in the present invention

[0179] Absolute volume

[0180] The volume of the solid matter itself that constitutes the material, that is, the volume that does not contain pores in the solid matter.

[0181] Chemical shrinkage

[0182] The meaning of chemical shrinkage is expressed by the formula

[0183] V hy <V w +V c

[0184] Where V hy is the absolute volume V of the hydration product hy ,V w is the volume of the liquid participating in hydration before hydration, V cIt is the absolute volume of various solid components participating in hydration before hydration. The various solid components participating in hydration include cement, silica fume, fly ash, slag, etc. Here, hydration includes the direct hydration of cement and water, as well as the reactions of other active substances with hydration products.

[0185] Apparent volume

[0186] The apparent volume is the sum of the actual volume of the material, the closed pore volume, and the open pore volume.

[0187] Static strength

[0188] Static strength refers to the strength measured by the static strength measurement method specified in the standard.

[0189] Ultimate static strength

[0190] When the static strength of the material no longer changes or hardly changes with time, the strength measured by the static strength measurement method is the ultimate static strength of the material. The ultimate static strengths corresponding to the static tensile, compressive, and shear strengths of the material are respectively called the ultimate static tensile strength, the ultimate static compressive strength, and the ultimate static shear strength.

[0191] Coagulable material

[0192] Materials that can solidify.

[0193] The materials filled in the cavity surrounded by part A include at least one of the following four major types of materials: cement-based materials, coagulable polymer materials, mixtures of polymer materials and cement-based materials, and coagulable inorganic non-metallic materials.

[0194] Cement-based materials

[0195] Cement-based materials refer to materials that contain cement and are accompanied by cement hydration during the solidification process.

[0196] Cement-based materials include but are not limited to: ordinary concrete, fine aggregate concrete, reactive powder concrete, mortar, cement paste, mixtures of quartz powder, cement and water, mixtures of quartz powder, active admixtures, cement and water.

[0197] Active admixtures include but are not limited to: silica fume, fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag.

[0198] Mixtures of polymer materials and cement-based materials

[0199] Include but are not limited to mixtures of cement-based materials and certain polymer emulsions, mixtures of cement-based materials and certain polymer material powders. The addition of these mixtures can change some physical and mechanical properties of the original cement-based materials.

[0200] Coagulable polymer materials

[0201] It is a polymer material that can solidify.

[0202] Curable inorganic non-metallic material

[0203] It refers to an inorganic non-metallic material other than cement-based materials that can solidify. It includes but is not limited to lime and gypsum.

[0204] Flowability

[0205] That the material has flowability means that the material has at least one of the following characteristics.

[0206] (1) Whether or not the material is under hydrostatic pressure, it does not have static shear strength or has almost no static shear strength; the so-called having almost no static shear strength means that compared with the final static shear strength of the curable material, the static shear strength at that moment is very small, only one ten-thousandth to one tenth of the final strength;

[0207] (2) The material does not have static uniaxial compressive strength or has almost no static uniaxial compressive strength; the so-called having almost no static compressive strength means that compared with the final static compressive strength of the curable material, the static compressive strength at that moment is very small, only one ten-thousandth to one tenth of the final strength;

[0208] (3) When subjected to any very small shear force, continuous deformation will occur; the so-called very small shear force means that at the moment when the shear force is applied, the shear force is only one ten-thousandth to one tenth of the final static shear strength of the curable material.

[0209] Flowable state

[0210] When the material has flowability, the material is in a flowable state.

[0211] Two stages of the hydration process

[0212] (1) Hydration process stage I

[0213] In this stage, the material has flowability.

[0214] (2) Hydration process stage II

[0215] In this stage, the material has shear strength and the shear strength increases with time. The start time of stage II is the end time of stage I. At the start time of stage II, the shear strength of the material is almost zero, and hydration continues in stage II.

[0216] Shrinkage turning point

[0217] Put the fresh cement-based material into a closed environment and let it go through two stages:

[0218] (1) In the first stage, the pressure applied to the material varies at least at the beginning, and the material may or may not experience a temperature change.

[0219] (2) In the second stage, the temperature and pressure are kept constant, and the curve of the relationship between the volume strain and time is recorded.

[0220] In the second stage, if there is a point in the curve of the relationship between the volume strain and time with the following characteristics, then this point is the shrinkage turning point. The characteristics of this point are: the curvature of the curve is the largest at this point, and the volume strain rate after this point is much lower than the average rate in the previous second stage, only one-tenth to one-half or even lower of the previous rate. In the commonly used water-cement ratio or water-binder ratio range, when the shrinkage turning point appears, the material already has a certain static shear strength.

[0221] If there is no turning point in the curve of the relationship between the volume strain and time in the second stage, it means that the start time of the second stage is too late. By shortening the time length of the first stage, a turning point can appear in the curve in the second stage. If the material is still in a flowable state at the start of the second stage, then a turning point can definitely be found. Even if the material has a certain static shear strength at the moment when the second stage starts, if the strength is not high enough, a turning point can still appear.

[0222] Relatively high fluidity

[0223] At a certain moment, both Material A and Material B are subjected to the same stress, which does not change with time and whose deviator is not zero. If the deviator strain rate of Material A is higher than that of Material B, then Material A is said to have relatively high fluidity compared to Material B.

[0224] Pressurizing system

[0225] The said pressurizing system includes a pressurizing material and / or a pressurizing device.

[0226] Pressurizing material

[0227] The pressurizing material has at least one of the following characteristics:

[0228] a. When the pressurizing material is in a flowable state, the pressurizing material transmits pressure between different regions inside the cavity surrounded by part A.

[0229] b. When the pressurizing material is in a flowable state, the pressurizing material transmits pressure to all cross-sections in contact with it inside the cavity surrounded by part A.

[0230] c. The pressurizing material raises or lowers the pressure on the material in part B by increasing or decreasing the space it occupies in the cavity surrounded by part A.

[0231] Residue of the pressurizing material

[0232] The residue of the pressurizing material is a part, or several parts, or all of the pressurizing material.

[0233] Residue of the pressurizing device

[0234] The residue of the pressurizing device is a part, or several parts, or all of the pressurizing device, but has lost some or all of the functions of the pressurizing device.

[0235] Late-setting material

[0236] The late-setting material has the following characteristics: at least one time period T can be found, and it has the following two characteristics at the same time,

[0237] (1) During the time period T, the shear viscosity of the material in part B of the cavity gradually increases; before the end of the time period T, the shrinkage turning point of the material in part B has appeared;

[0238] (2) During the time period T, the late-setting material has relatively high fluidity compared with the material in part B.

[0239] The "late setting" in the late-setting material refers to the late setting compared with the setting of the material in part B.

[0240] Pressurizing device

[0241] The pressurizing device can increase or decrease the space occupied in the cavity surrounded by part A to increase or decrease the pressure on the material in part B.

[0242] The pressurizing device includes: a pressure rod, a pressurizing pipeline, a pressurizing airbag, a pressurizing liquid bag, a pressurizing air-liquid bag, a self-expanding device, etc.

[0243] External pressurizing device

[0244] The external pressurizing device is the pressure source, and "external" means that the device is placed outside the combined structure.

[0245] Pressure source

[0246] A device that can provide pressure to a fluid, such as a pump, an accumulator, a piston pressurizing device, etc.

[0247] The piston pressurizing device is similar to a large syringe. When a load is applied to the piston, the pressure of the fluid in the "syringe" will increase, and the fluid will be injected into a device or an area in the cavity of the combined structure along the pipeline connected to it.

[0248] Pressure rod (or pressurizing rod)

[0249] The pressure rod is a device that applies pressure to the material of part B in the cavity surrounded by part A. The pressure rod is a straight rod with a smooth surface, passing through the pressure rod hole machined in part A and inserted into the cavity surrounded by part A. A sealing ring is provided between the pressure rod and the pressure rod hole. The diameter of the pressure rod is smaller than the minimum dimension in each direction perpendicular to the axis of the pressure rod in the cavity of part A.

[0250] When the material of part B in the cavity of part A is in a flowing state, if the pressure rod is pushed to move into the cavity, the pressure rod can apply pressure to the material of part B by squeezing the space in the cavity.

[0251] After the material of part B in the cavity of part A solidifies, the pressure rod cannot be pushed to move into the cavity anymore, otherwise it will damage the material of part B. After the material of part B solidifies, if further shrinkage occurs, the pressure rod cannot fill the deformation of the material of part B at this stage, which is the limitation of the pressure rod method. To overcome this weakness, the pressure rod can be used in combination with an energy storage device. An energy storage device is placed in the cavity surrounded by part A. When the material of part B is in a flowable state, if the pressure rod is used to squeeze the material of part B, the volume of the energy storage device shrinks; after part of the material solidifies, if the material of part B undergoes volume shrinkage, the volume of the energy storage device expands and maintains the pressure on the contact surface between the two within the required range. In the initial stage of solidification of the material of part B, the creep rate of the material of part B is relatively high; the pressure exerted by the energy storage system on the material of part B can cause the material of part B to creep, which is beneficial to maintaining the contact compressive stress between the material of part B and the inner wall of part A.

[0252] After the material of part B solidifies, a reasonable treatment method is to keep the axial position of the pressure rod unchanged, or to keep the axial load of the pressure rod unchanged.

[0253] When the strength of the material of part B in the cavity in contact with the pressure rod can resist the stress change brought to the material after the pressure rod loses the external axial force, the exposed part of the pressure rod can be sawed off.

[0254] The simplest way to push the pressure rod to move is to fix the jack on the combined structure and use the jack to push the pressure rod to move to apply pressure to the material of part B.

[0255] Pressure pipeline

[0256] The pressure pipeline is a pipeline that connects the cavity surrounded by part A to an external pressure device. When the external pressure device applies pressure to the material in a flowing state in the pipeline, the pressure will be transmitted to the material of part B in the cavity surrounded by part A.

[0257] Preferably, the external pressurizing device is a pressure cylinder, similar to a syringe, filled with a flowable material inside the cylinder, and the piston can extrude the flowable material.

[0258] Pressurized airbag

[0259] The pressurized airbag is placed in the cavity surrounded by part A. The airbag is connected to an external pressure source through a pipeline. When the pressure source fills the airbag with compressed gas, the airbag expands and squeezes the surrounding material in part B, increasing the compressive stress on the contact surface between the airbag and the material in part B.

[0260] If it is necessary for the pressurized airbag to provide continuous pressure to the material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A, there are three methods to choose from:

[0261] (1) Keep the airbag connected to the pressure source, and the pressure source provides continuous and stable pressure to the airbag;

[0262] (2) Set a valve on the pipeline connecting the airbag and the pressure source. When the air pressure in the airbag reaches a predetermined value, close the valve and at the same time turn off the pressure source; when the pressure in the airbag is lower than the predetermined value, then open the valve and turn on the pressure source.

[0263] (3) Set a valve on the pipeline connecting the airbag and the pressure source. When the air pressure in the airbag reaches a predetermined value, close the valve and remove the pressure source, and then no longer use the pressure source to replenish the pressure of the airbag. The characteristic of this method is simple and practical. Although the shrinkage of the material in part B will cause the airbag pressure to decrease, this decrease is within the allowable range.

[0264] When the axial length of the combined structure is more than 3 times the diameter of the smallest covering circle of the cross-section of the combined structure, it is best to choose a long-tube type pressurized airbag. The length direction of the airbag is parallel to the axial direction of the combined structure, and the length of the airbag is equal to or slightly less than the length of the cavity surrounded by part A. The parallelism of the length direction of the airbag and the axis of the combined structure is beneficial to the stress of the material in part B in the axially compressed combined structure. The space between the airbags can be regarded as a circular cavity. When the axis of the cavity is consistent with the direction of the maximum compressive stress, the axial compressive capacity of the material in part B is the largest.

[0265] Pressurized liquid bag

[0266] The pressurized liquid bag is placed in the cavity surrounded by part A and is connected to an external pressure source through a pipeline. When the pressure source squeezes liquid into the liquid bag, the liquid bag expands and squeezes the surrounding material in part B, increasing the compressive stress of the material.

[0267] If it is necessary for the pressurized liquid bag to provide continuous pressure to the material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A, the pressure source needs to continuously provide pressure to the fluid in the pressurized liquid bag.

[0268] When the axial direction length of the combined structure is greater than 3 times the diameter of the minimum covering circle of the cross-section of the combined structure, it is preferably to select a long tube-shaped pressurized liquid sac.

[0269] Pressurized gas-liquid sac

[0270] The gas-liquid sac is filled with liquefied gas, and a part of the space is occupied by gas and another part of the space is occupied by liquid.

[0271] Self-expanding material

[0272] The volume of the self-expanding material can expand, or can expand in volume under certain conditions.

[0273] Preferably, the volume expansion material is a water-absorbing expansion material, for example, expansive soil, water-absorbing resin, water-absorbing expansion rubber.

[0274] Preferably, the volume expansion material is a material that expands in volume due to a chemical reaction. For example, it is a static crack agent, or a cement-based material that expands during the hydration process.

[0275] Water supply device for water-absorbing expansion material

[0276] Connect a thin tube to the water-absorbing expansion material in the cavity surrounded by part A. The other end of the thin tube extends outside part A and is connected to a water source. Preferably, the water in the water source has pressure. The thin tube has a certain stiffness and will not be flattened under the pressure of the material in part B.

[0277] Apparent volume

[0278] The volume surrounded by the outer surface.

[0279] Self-expanding device

[0280] The self-expanding device is a device whose apparent volume can expand, or a device whose apparent volume can expand under certain conditions.

[0281] Type A self-expanding device

[0282] The Type A self-expanding device includes an outer skin and a gas generating device. The outer skin is a sealed device made of a non-permeable or almost non-permeable material that can change its apparent volume, or a sealed device that can change its apparent shape and apparent volume; the non-permeability means that pressurized gas or / and liquid cannot leak out through the outer skin. When a certain preset condition is reached, the gas generating device can generate gas, and the gas presses the outer skin from the inside, increasing the apparent volume of the self-expanding device.

[0283] Preferably, the outer skin of the Type A self-expanding device is a closed device made of a polymer material, and when it is fully inflated, its shape is tubular, spherical or ellipsoidal.

[0284] Preferably, the outer skin of the Type A self-expanding device is a non-circular cross-section thin-walled metal tube with both ends sealed. When the inner wall pressure is applied, the shape of the thin-walled tube changes and the external volume increases.

[0285] Type A self-expanding device

[0286] The gas generation device in the Type A self-expanding device contains two materials. When the two are mixed, a chemical reaction occurs to produce gas.

[0287] Preferably, the two materials are sodium bicarbonate and a liquid containing hydrogen ions respectively. Preferably, a safety valve is installed on the self-expanding device to ensure that the gas pressure is maintained near a preset value.

[0288] Preferably, the two materials are water and polyurethane grouting liquid respectively.

[0289] Type A1 self-expanding device - brittle shell capsule

[0290] In the sealed space of the Type A1 self-expanding device, there is a chemical component a, and a device with a chemical component b wrapped in a brittle shell. When the chemical components a and b are mixed, gas can be generated. The brittle shell will break when subjected to the surrounding pressure, causing the component b inside to flow out and mix with the component a to produce gas. The gas expands to push the self-expanding device to expand. When the Type A1 self-expanding device placed in the cavity surrounded by part A is squeezed by the part B material in a flowable state in the cavity of part A, the brittle shell in the self-expanding device will break, causing the chemical components a and b to mix and produce gas.

[0291] Preferably, the brittle shell is a glass tube with both ends closed and a non-circular cross-section. Further, the cross-section of the glass tube is oval, or rectangular, or a combination of a rectangle and two semi-circles, such as Figure 2 .

[0292] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a rubber tube 3210 with both ends closed, as shown in Figure 3 , inside which there is a chemical component a (3212) and a rectangular cross-section glass tube 3213 with both ends closed. The liquid filled in the glass tube is a chemical component b (3214). When the rubber tube is squeezed by the surrounding hydrostatic pressure, the glass tube 3213 inside the rubber tube will break, and the liquid chemical component a (3214) inside will flow out and react with the component b to produce gas. Further, the component a is sodium carbonate and the component b is hydrochloric acid. Preferably, the component a is polyurethane grouting liquid and the component b is water. The two are mixed and foamed to produce volume expansion, and the product has a certain strength after solidification.

[0293] Preferably, the masses of chemical components a and b are to be determined according to the mass of the produced gas, and the mass of the gas is determined according to the ambient temperature, the volume of the gas, and the gas pressure.

[0294] Preferably, a safety valve is provided on the self-expanding device. When the gas pressure exceeds a preset value, part of the gas is discharged to ensure that the pressure does not exceed the specified value.

[0295] Self-expanding device of type A2 - brittle shell capsule

[0296] In the enclosed space of the A2-type self-expanding device, there are placed two enclosed devices A and B with brittle shells. A chemical component a is placed inside device A, and another chemical component b is placed inside device B. When components a and b are mixed, gas can be generated. When devices A and B are squeezed by the outer skin of the A2-type self-expanding device, they will both break. After the components a and b are mixed, gas is generated, and the gas expands to push the self-expanding device to expand, increasing its external volume.

[0297] Preferably, the self-expanding device is a rubber tube closed at both ends, as shown in Figure 4 . Inside the rubber tube 3210, there are placed two rectangular-section glass tubes 3211 and 3213 closed at both ends. The glass tube 3211 is filled with a chemical component a liquid 3212, and the glass tube 3213 is filled with a chemical component b liquid 3214. When the glass tubes are squeezed by the outer skin (rubber tube) of the self-expanding device, if the pressure reaches a certain value, the glass tubes 3211 and 3213 will break, regardless of which one breaks first. When the liquids 3214 and 3212 in both glass tubes flow out, a chemical reaction occurs after mixing, generating gas and squeezing the rubber tube from the inside to make it expand.

[0298] Preferably, component a is a sodium carbonate solution, and component b is hydrochloric acid.

[0299] Preferably, component a is a polyurethane grouting liquid, and component b is water. After they are mixed, they foam and generate volume expansion, and the product has a certain strength after solidification.

[0300] Upper limit control of gas pressure in the self-expanding device

[0301] When the self-expanding device is expanded by gas, one of the preferred solutions is to provide a safety valve on the device to ensure that the gas pressure is maintained near the preset value. When the gas pressure exceeds the preset pressure value of the safety valve, the gas is discharged from the valve port. When the gas pressure is lower than the preset value, the safety valve closes.

[0302] Preferably, the safety valve is arranged outside the outer surface of part A and is connected to the (type A) self-expanding device through a pipeline. Preferably, the safety valve is directly connected to the (type A) self-expanding device, and the other end is connected to a pipeline leading outside the outer surface of part A.

[0303] Type B self-expanding device - shape memory alloy

[0304] The self-expanding device is made of shape memory alloy or contains shape memory alloy in the materials used.

[0305] When the temperature changes, the shape of the shape memory alloy changes, and then the volume of the self-expanding device changes.

[0306] When the temperature is in the T1 interval range, the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device is the smallest or close to the smallest; when the temperature is in the T2 interval range, the outer surface volume of the device is the largest or close to the largest; the internal temperature of the combined structure is not within the T1 interval temperature range but within the T2 interval temperature range;

[0307] Before applying pressure to the material of part B in the cavity surrounded by part A, the shape memory alloy self-expanding device is placed within the T1 temperature range; after being placed in the cavity surrounded by part A, due to the temperature being within the T2 temperature range, the outer surface volume of the device expands and squeezes the material of part B.

[0308] A commonly used self-expanding device is a tube made of shape memory alloy with both ends closed. When the temperature enters the T2 interval range, the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, and the volume enclosed by the outer surface expands to apply pressure to the cement-containing material; when the cross-sectional shape of the tube wall changes, at least one section of the tube wall on the cross-section bends; since a large amount of elastic energy can be stored when the tube wall bends, this device also has an energy storage function.

[0309] Another self-expanding device is made by combining a flexible material with a shape memory alloy. When the shape of the shape memory alloy changes, it drives the flexible material to change together, thereby changing the volume enclosed by the outer surface of the self-expanding device.

[0310] Energy storage system

[0311] The energy storage system contains energy storage materials and / or energy storage devices;

[0312] Energy storage materials

[0313] The energy storage materials have the following two characteristics,

[0314] a. When the pressure of the material of part B in the cavity surrounded by part A increases, the energy storage material absorbs energy;

[0315] b. When the pressure of the material in part B surrounded by part A in the cavity decreases, the energy storage material releases energy; when the pressure change value is the same, the energy absorbed or released by the energy storage material per unit volume is much greater than that absorbed or released by the material in part B of the same volume.

[0316] Energy storage device

[0317] The energy storage device has the following two characteristics:

[0318] a. When the pressure of the material in part B surrounded by part A in the cavity increases, the energy storage device can absorb energy; when the pressure of the material in part B surrounded by part A in the cavity decreases, the energy storage device releases energy.

[0319] b. When the pressure change value is the same, the energy absorbed or released by the energy storage device is much greater than that absorbed or released by the material in part B of the same volume.

[0320] Remnants of the energy storage device

[0321] The remnants of the energy storage device are part, or several parts, or all of the energy storage device, but have lost some or all of the functions of the energy storage device.

[0322] Type I energy storage device - solid

[0323] The Type I energy storage device is a solid geometric body directly made of a material with strong volumetric elastic deformation ability. The materials used are usually rubber and polyurethane. The common shapes of solid geometric bodies are long cylinders, long prisms, short cylinders, short prisms, spheres, and thin plates.

[0324] Type II energy storage device - hollow + wall bending

[0325] The Type II energy storage device is a device made of elastic materials with a closed space, and the effect of gas pressure in the closed space is negligible. This device has the following characteristics: under the action of the surrounding static liquid pressure, at least one area in the device can undergo bending deformation. The materials used for this device include spring steel, titanium alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy, composite materials, etc.

[0326] The cross-sectional shape of the tubular energy storage device with a closed cavity is as Figure 1 shown. When these four cross-sectional tubes are subjected to confining pressure, from the cross-section, the tube walls will all bend and store energy.

[0327] Type III energy storage device - airbag, air-liquid bag

[0328] The Type III energy storage device is an airbag or an air-liquid bag.

[0329] The airbag or air-liquid bag is made of a thin film material or a thin-walled material with very low flexural stiffness and high tensile stiffness. Under the action of the pressure inside the bag, the influence of the flexural stiffness of the bag wall material on the shape of the airbag or air-liquid bag can be ignored, and the influence of the tensile deformation of the bag wall material on the volume of the airbag or air-liquid bag can be ignored. The bag wall material can be a thin rubber cloth or a thick rubber cloth containing reinforcing continuous fibers.

[0330] The advantage of the airbag is that it has a very wide pressure range; the disadvantage is that the pressure changes when the volume changes.

[0331] The disadvantage of the air-liquid bag is that the selectable range of pressure is limited and relatively low; the advantage is that as long as the temperature remains unchanged, the pressure will not change regardless of the volume change.

[0332] With the perimeter unchanged, the volume changes by changing the shape; with the shape unchanged, the volume changes by changing the perimeter; through this shape and perimeter, the volume changes.

[0333] Preferably, the type III energy storage device is a type A self-expanding device.

[0334] Shape change and volume change of the airbag

[0335] With the perimeter unchanged, the volume changes by changing the shape.

[0336] With the shape unchanged, the volume changes by changing the perimeter,

[0337] Through this shape and perimeter, the volume changes.

[0338] Lower limit airbag

[0339] The lower limit airbag has the following characteristics: when the hydrostatic pressure acting on the outer surface of the airbag is large enough, the final cross-sectional shape and volume of the airbag are the designed shape and volume.

[0340] When part A of the combined structure is a steel pipe, if the airbag is placed at a position far from the inner wall in the cavity surrounded by part A, it is usually required that the radius of the minimum covering circle of the cross-section of the airbag be as small as possible. In this case, a support of a certain shape can be placed inside the airbag. The shapes of the support include three-leaf type, four-leaf type, dumbbell shape, circular shape, etc.

[0341] When the tangential elongation ability of the outer wall of the airbag is very small, it is regarded as a constant perimeter airbag, and supports of dumbbell shape, three-leaf shape, and four-leaf shape can be used, see Figure 5 . At this time, the cross-sectional perimeter of the airbag should be slightly larger than or equal to the cross-sectional perimeter of the support.

[0342] When the tangential elongation ability of the outer wall of the airbag is large, in addition to the dumbbell shape, three-leaf shape, and four-leaf shape, the support can also be selected ([ Figure 5 , Figure 6In addition to the above, shapes such as circles, triangles, squares, etc. can also be selected.

[0343] Figure 6 and Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a three-leaf-shaped support placed inside the airbag. At this time, the hydrostatic pressure on the outer wall of the surrounding airbag presses the airbag against the surface of the support, and the shape of the airbag is the same as that of the support. See Figure 6 ; when the pressure inside the airbag is greater than the surrounding hydrostatic pressure, the airbag expands; when the airbag is fully deployed, the cross-section will be approximately circular. See Figure 7 .

[0344] Upper limit airbag

[0345] The characteristic of the upper limit airbag is that when the airbag expands to a certain extent, it will be restricted and its cross-section will no longer increase.

[0346] The method adopted is to put a flexible sleeve with a very large tangential tensile capacity outside the airbag, which is called a restraint sleeve. For example, the outer wall of the airbag is made of rubber and there is no cord inside. When the pressure inside the airbag increases to a certain extent, the expansion amount of a certain weak cross-section of the outer wall will be greater than that of other cross-sections. If no external restraint is applied to this cross-section, this cross-section will eventually rupture. After installing the restraint sleeve, if the expansion amount of a certain cross-section reaches the allowable amount of the restraint sleeve, it will not continue to expand, while other cross-sections with smaller expansion amounts can continue to expand.

[0347] Dual-limit airbag

[0348] This kind of airbag has the characteristics of both the upper limit airbag and the lower limit airbag.

[0349] Lower limit liquid bag

[0350] A liquid bag with the characteristics of a lower limit airbag.

[0351] Upper limit liquid bag

[0352] A liquid bag with the characteristics of an upper limit airbag.

[0353] Dual-limit liquid bag

[0354] A liquid bag with the characteristics of a dual-limit airbag.

[0355] Lower limit gas-liquid bag

[0356] A gas-liquid bag with the characteristics of a lower limit airbag.

[0357] Upper limit gas-liquid bag

[0358] A gas-liquid bag with the characteristics of an upper limit airbag.

[0359] Dual-limit gas-liquid bag

[0360] A gas-liquid bag with the characteristics of a dual-limit airbag.

[0361] Type IV Energy Storage Device - Part A

[0362] The Type IV energy storage device has the following two characteristics simultaneously:

[0363] (1) The energy storage device includes the A part of the combined structure, or only includes the A part of the combined structure;

[0364] (2) When under the action of the static pressure of the flowing material in the cavity surrounded by the A part, the curvature of at least one region in the A part changes, that is, bending deformation occurs.

[0365] A preferred example is that the combined structure is a prism, and the A part is a regular polygon steel pipe with equal thickness. The energy storage effect and the constraint effect on the B part material in the cavity during final use depend on the selection of the following five parameters: the side length of the polygon steel pipe, the wall thickness, the yield strength of the steel of the steel pipe, the pressure of the B part material in the cavity, and the shrinkage amount.

[0366] Energy Storage Blank Region

[0367] The energy storage blank region is a section of the combined structure within a certain length range, and within this length range, there is no energy storage device on each cross-section;

[0368] Aspect Ratio of Energy Storage Blank Region

[0369] The aspect ratio of the energy storage blank region refers to the ratio of the length of the blank region to the diameter of the smallest covering circle of any cross-section within this region range.

[0370] Pressurized Blank Region

[0371] The pressurized blank region is a section of the combined structure that has the following two characteristics simultaneously within this section range,

[0372] (1) There is no pressurizing device with the following property on each cross-section: on the cross-section of the combined structure, the pressure acting on the B part material in the cavity can be changed by changing the cross-sectional area of the pressurizing device;

[0373] (2) There is no region occupied by pressurizing material with the following property on each cross-section: on the cross-section, there are both a region occupied by pressurizing material and a region occupied by B part material, and the pressure acting on the B part material in the cavity can be changed by changing the cross-sectional area of the region occupied by pressurizing material;

[0374] Aspect Ratio of Pressurized Blank Region

[0375] The aspect ratio of the pressurized blank region refers to the ratio of the length of the blank region to the diameter of the smallest covering circle of any cross-section within this region range.

[0376] Precompression stress

[0377] Precompression stress is the stress artificially applied to the material part B in the cavity of the composite structure by squeezing the material part B before a certain moment.

[0378] For example, after the material part B is filled into the cavity surrounded by the part A, a thin tube is used to connect the material part B in the cavity to a pressurizing device outside the cavity, and the tube is also filled with the material used for the part B. The pressurizing device applies a constant pressure to the material in the tube until the material in the tube solidifies and reaches sufficient strength. Then the tube outside the outer surface of the part A is removed. Obviously, the material part B in the cavity surrounded by the part A is still under the action of the previously applied pressure, and this pressure is the precompression stress.

[0379] Due to creep that may cause volume shrinkage of the material part B under the action of pressure, or creep that causes volume shrinkage of the material part B accompanied by chemical shrinkage, therefore, at a certain spatial point of the part B inside the cavity, the precompression stress may decrease with time; on the entire part B, the distribution of the precompression stress may also change with time.

[0380] Residual precompression stress

[0381] The meaning of residual precompression stress is that after the material part B solidifies, if the material part B continues to shrink or undergoes creep that causes volume shrinkage, or the material part A undergoes creep, then the original precompression stress in the material will change, and the changed precompression stress is the said residual precompression stress.

[0382] Pressure relief time t3

[0383] There is a basic standard and a higher standard for the pressure relief time, which are defined as follows respectively.

[0384] Basic standard: The pressure relief time t3 has the following characteristics. After the time t3, the strength of the material part B should meet the following requirements: the material has sufficient strength to resist the pressure change of the material part B caused by the loss of pressure of the pressurizing device or / and the energy storage device. For example, the pressurizing device is a pressurizing rod, a pressurizing liquid bag, etc., and the energy storage device is an air bag, a liquid bag, etc.

[0385] Higher standard: The pressure relief time t3 has the following characteristics. After the time t3, the strength of the material part B should meet the following requirements: a. The material has sufficient strength to resist the pressure change of the material part B caused by the loss of pressure of the bladder wall or / and the loss of pressure of the pressurizing rod; b. The change in the stress state of the material in the cavity does not reduce or rarely reduces the long-term strength of the material part B.

[0386] Post-treatment method of the pressurizing device

[0387] If the pressurizing device is a pressurizing rod, the post-treatment method is to saw off the exposed part of the piston. When sawing off, the material in the cavity in contact with the piston should have sufficient strength to resist the stress change brought to the material of part B after the external force on the piston rod is lost.

[0388] If the pressurizing device is an airbag, liquid bag, or air-liquid bag surrounded by part A in the cavity, the post-treatment method is to release the gas and liquid in it and inject curable material into it. When performing the above treatment, the strength of the material of part B should meet the following requirements: a. The material has sufficient strength to resist the pressure change of the material of part B caused by the loss of the pressure of the bladder wall; b. The change in the stress state of the material in the cavity does not reduce or only slightly reduces the long-term strength of the material of part B.

[0389] Post-treatment method for pressurizing material

[0390] When pressurizing the material of part B, the pressure source squeezes the curable pressurizing material into the cavity surrounded by part A through a pipeline. After the pressurizing material solidifies, the pressurizing device is removed and the pipeline filled with the pressurized material is sawed off. When sawing off the pipeline, both the material B in the cavity and the solidified pressurizing material should have sufficient strength to prevent being squeezed and damaged due to stress redistribution.

[0391] Post-treatment method for energy storage device

[0392] When the energy storage device is an airbag, liquid bag, or air-liquid bag, if there is a connecting pipeline outside the combined structure, the post-treatment method is to release all the gas and liquid in the bladder and then inject curable material. When performing the above treatment, the strength of the material of part B should meet the following requirements: a. The material has sufficient strength to resist the pressure change of the material of part B caused by the loss of the pressure of the bladder wall; b. The change in the stress state of the material in the cavity does not reduce or only slightly reduces the long-term strength of the material of part B.

[0393] Of course, no treatment may be done to the airbag, liquid bag, and air-liquid bag used as the energy storage device.

[0394] Low melting point fiber

[0395] Fibers with very low melting points. For example, the explosion-proof fibers made of polypropylene material have a melting point of only 85 °C.

[0396] Low melting point exhaust pipe

[0397] The low-melting-point exhaust pipe is made of a low-melting-point material, filled with liquid inside, with the ends sealed, and the boiling point of the liquid is lower than the melting point of the exhaust pipe material. When being squeezed by the B part material in the cavity, it will not be flattened due to the liquid filled inside. When the temperature reaches a set value, the connection channel outside the A part is opened for this exhaust pipe; when the temperature reaches the melting point of the pipe material of the exhaust pipe, the pipe material melts, and the liquid in the pipe turns into steam and is discharged outside the A part. The hole left by the exhaust pipe in the cavity is not filled with the melt of the pipe material and can be used as a steam discharge channel for the B part material.

[0398] Preferably, the outer diameter of the low-melting-point exhaust pipe is 2 - 10 mm.

[0399] Exhaust channel

[0400] A channel that can discharge steam. Preferably, the channel left by the low-melting-point exhaust pipe.

[0401] Exhaust hole

[0402] Small holes are arranged in the A part of the combined structure according to a certain distribution law, and these small holes are blocked with a low-melting-point material. When the temperature is higher than the melting point of the low-melting-point material, the material loses strength, and the gas in the cavity surrounded by the A part can be discharged from the small holes.

[0403] Preferably, the diameter of the small holes is 0.1 - 1 mm, or 1 - 2 mm, or 2 - 5 mm, or greater than 5 mm.

[0404] The preferred methods for blocking the small holes include but are not limited to the following methods:

[0405] a. Place a low-melting-point metal sheet or a sheet-like device made of a low-melting-point polymer material on the inner wall of the A part to cover the small holes;

[0406] b. Melt the low-melting-point material and pour it into the small holes, and let the poured material form a protruding part on the inner wall of the A part;

[0407] c. Make a "nail" with a low-melting-point material and insert it into the hole, with the large head of the nail on the inner side of the A part.

[0408] Exhaust layer

[0409] It is a layered material in which there are distributed voids and / or pores, or, at high temperatures, can generate distributed voids and / or pores, and these voids and / or pores have channels connected to the outside of the A part and can discharge the gas from the cavity.

[0410] Preferably, one of the methods for generating an exhaust layer is as follows: before filling the cavity with the material of part B, lay a low-melting-point metal mesh, or a low-melting-point chemical fiber mesh, or a mesh made of low-melting-point metal wires and low-melting-point chemical fibers on the inner wall of part A surrounding the cavity. These meshes are connected to the exhaust holes of part A or to low-melting-point exhaust pipes, and the exhaust pipes are connected to the exhaust holes of part A. The exhaust holes are blocked with a low-melting-point material, and the flowable material of part B under pressure at normal temperature cannot flow out therefrom.

[0411] Function of steam removal

[0412] When gas is generated in the cavity surrounded by part A, if part A does not allow the gas in the cavity to escape, the maximum pressure on the inner wall of part A is the equivalent pressure exerted by the solid protrusions on the outer surface of the material of part B on the inner wall, plus the vapor pressure p between the inner wall of part A and the solid surface of part B. s . The equivalent pressure is the resultant force of the pressure exerted by the solid protrusions on the surface of part B on a small surface area of the inner wall of part A divided by the area of the corresponding region. The vapor pressure p s is generally equal to the gas pressure in the open voids inside the material of part B. The open voids are those voids inside the material of part B that communicate with the surface. Since there are also closed voids in the material of part B, the open voids are only a part of the total voids. Under normal pressure, the reason for the high-temperature explosion of the material of part B is that the vapor pressure inside the closed voids causes tensile stress in the whole material, and when the vapor pressure is large enough, the material is torn.

[0413] If the vapor pressure acting on the inner wall of part A can be eliminated, the total pressure on the inner wall of part A can be reduced. Discharging the vapor that can directly exert pressure on the inner wall of part A can eliminate the corresponding pressure. Since the proportion of the volume occupied by the closed voids in the material of part B is very small, when the vapor pressure in the open voids inside the material of part B is maintained at zero, if only pressure is applied to the outer surface of part B, the pressure required to prevent explosion is much smaller than the vapor pressure in the closed voids inside the material of part B at the corresponding temperature.

[0414] Application of airbag, liquid bag, air-liquid bag under high-temperature conditions I

[0415] When using an airbag, air-liquid bag, or liquid bag as a pressurizing device or energy storage device, if it is still to be used under high-temperature conditions, the following measures are preferably taken.

[0416] (1) At a certain moment after the material in the cavity surrounded by part A solidifies, discharge all the gas and liquid in all the airbags, liquid bags, and air-liquid bags in the cavity surrounded by part A. After that, the space can be filled with a curable material, or nothing can be filled.

[0417] (2) At a certain moment after the material in the cavity surrounded by part A has solidified, all the gas and liquid in all the air bags, liquid bags, and gas-liquid bags in the cavity surrounded by part A are discharged, and then all or part of the outer skins of the air bags, liquid bags, and gas-liquid bags are taken out. After that, the space they originally occupied is filled with a heat-resistant curable material. Preferably, the curable material is a cement-based material.

[0418] Application of air bags, liquid bags, and gas-liquid bags under high-temperature conditions II

[0419] Design requirements: When the composite structure enters the service stage, the gas and / or liquid in the air bags, liquid bags, and gas-liquid bags in the cavity surrounded by part A still remain sealed in the bags under the pressure required by the design. When using these devices under this condition, the following methods need to be adopted.

[0420] The air bags, liquid bags, and gas-liquid bags should have high-pressure gas release channels so that when the gas pressure in them exceeds the design requirement value due to temperature rise, the pressure can be released.

[0421] The following specific methods can be adopted. An air outlet channel is provided on the outer shell of the air bag, gas-liquid bag, and liquid bag, and a pressure and / or temperature limiting device is installed on this channel. When within the specified temperature and / or pressure range, this device blocks the exhaust channel, and the gas or liquid in the bag remains sealed in the bag under the original pressure. When the pressure and / or temperature exceeds the set value, this device can allow the gas or liquid in the bag to be discharged therefrom.

[0422] Furthermore, the pressure and temperature limiting device can be made of a low-melting-point metal, and its working principle is similar to the fusible plug of a pressure cooker. This device can also be made of a polymer material. For example, a part of the outer shell of the air bag is made of polypropylene material, or a closed device connected to the air bag. At normal temperature, the polypropylene material has a certain mechanical strength to ensure that the compressed gas in the air bag is not leaked; when the temperature is higher than a certain value, the polypropylene material of this part melts, and the gas in the bag is released therefrom.

[0423] Around the air bags, gas-liquid bags, and liquid bags, there should be channels for the gas to be discharged into the cavity surrounded by part A. Channels can be directly reserved, or low-melting-point exhaust pipes can be used, or the air bags, gas-liquid bags, and liquid bags can be placed against the exhaust layer.

[0424] High-temperature-resistant tightening device on the outside of part A

[0425] High-temperature-resistant annular stirrup in the cavity surrounded by part A

[0426] The material used for the high-temperature-resistant annular stirrup is a high-temperature-resistant material, including but not limited to titanium alloy, stainless steel, carbon fiber, and basalt fiber.

[0427] Preferably, when making the annular stirrup with carbon fiber or basalt fiber, the fiber is wound around multiple times with a length much greater than the circumference of the annular stirrup; preferably, a fixture is used to tighten the multiple loops of fiber in the annular stirrup so that it is similar to a fiber bundle when subjected to tension; preferably, in order to ensure that the annular stirrup made of fiber has a fixed shape, the annular stirrup is fixed on the annular skeleton, preferably, the annular skeleton is a metal ring. The high-temperature resistant spiral stirrup in the cavity surrounded by part A

[0428] The high-temperature resistant spiral stirrup is similar to the spiral stirrup in a reinforced concrete column. The overall shape of the stirrup is spiral. The area surrounded by the spiral stirrup includes a circle, an ellipse, a convex polygon, etc.

[0429] The material used for the high-temperature resistant spiral stirrup is a high-temperature resistant material, including titanium alloy, stainless steel, carbon fiber bundle, basalt fiber bundle, etc. Preferably, the carbon fiber bundle or basalt fiber bundle is fixed on the spiral bracket. Description of the Drawings

[0430] Figure 1 It is the cross-sectional shape of a tubular energy storage device with a closed cavity.

[0431] Figure 2 It is the cross-sectional shape of a brittle shell.

[0432] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a chemical reaction self-expansion device.

[0433] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a chemical reaction self-expansion device.

[0434] Figure 5 Preferred cross-sectional shapes of the supports for air bags, liquid bags, and air-liquid bags. Figure 6 Cross-sectional shapes of air bags, liquid bags, and air-liquid bags with internal supports when externally compressed.

[0435] Figure 7 Cross-sectional shapes of air bags, liquid bags, and air-liquid bags with internal supports after expansion.

[0436] Figure 8 It is the vertical sectional view of the concrete-filled steel tube structure in Embodiment 1.

[0437] Figure 9 It is the cross-sectional view of the A-A cross-section of the concrete-filled steel tube structure in Embodiment 1.

[0438] Figure 10 It is the vertical sectional view of the concrete-filled steel tube structure in Embodiment 2

[0439] Figure 11 It is the cross-sectional view of the A-A cross-section of the concrete-filled steel tube structure in Embodiment 2.

[0440] Figure 12 It is the vertical sectional view of the concrete-filled steel tube structure in Embodiment 3.

[0441] Figure 13 It is the cross-sectional view of the concrete-filled steel tube structure A-A in Embodiment 3. Specific implementation manners

[0442] Technical route

[0443] During the setting and hardening process of cement, chemical shrinkage will occur, that is, the absolute volume after hydration is smaller than the sum of the volume of water and other components participating in hydration before hydration. Whether the cement-based material is in the flowable stage or in the stage where it has solidified but the strength is still increasing, the chemical shrinkage of the cement-based material is ongoing. Correspondingly, the apparent volume of most concrete materials also shrinks, especially when there is pressure.

[0444] In the concrete-filled steel tube composite structure, the volume shrinkage of the concrete inside the steel tube often causes the concrete not to be in full contact with the inner wall of the steel tube, and even causes separation.

[0445] The strength of the cement stone is related to the voids in the cement stone. The fewer the voids, the higher the strength. During the setting and hardening process of cement, allowing the cement to shrink or be compressed sufficiently helps to reduce the voids in the cement stone and improve the strength of the cement stone. The strength of cement mortar and concrete is related to the strength of the cement stone in them. The higher the strength of the cement stone, the higher the strength of the corresponding material. The matrix material in reactive powder concrete is a mixture of cement, silica fume, quartz powder, etc. and water. Although the products after its hydration are different from the components of traditional cement stone, its strength is also related to the void content therein. The lower the voids, the higher the strength.

[0446] The reasons for the spalling of HC, UHC, and RPC at high temperatures are as follows. First, mainly some components inside RPC decompose at high temperatures, generating water vapor; of course, if there is remaining hydrated water in these two materials, it will also turn into water vapor, but this situation is not common. Since the voids in these three types of concrete are very few, the vapor cannot escape along the voids and accumulates inside the material, generating vapor pressure. After the pressure of water vapor reaches a certain value under high-temperature action, the RPC material is cracked from the inside. Second, under high-temperature action, the temperature fields of HC, UHC, and RPC in the structure are uneven, generating temperature stresses, and tensile stresses will be generated in some local areas. Third, inside the UHC and RPC materials, if there is no pre-compression forming, there will be defects, and these defects will cause the material to crack under the action of temperature stress and internal vapor pressure.

[0447] Through experiments, it is found that if sufficient confinement pressure is applied around the RPC material, the phenomenon of high-temperature spalling of RPC does not occur. The reason is that the surrounding pressure creates a compressive stress field inside the HC, UHC, and RPC. After the tensile stress generated by the vapor pressure and the tensile stress generated by the temperature stress are superimposed on the compressive stress field generated by the surrounding pressure, there is no tensile stress or the tensile stress is less than the tensile capacity of the material inside the RPC.

[0448] When pre-press forming is adopted, the defects inside the HC, UHC, and RPC are basically eliminated, and the material itself is no longer sensitive to tensile stress and is not prone to cracking.

[0449] The axial strengths of cement paste, cement mortar, concrete, and reactive powder concrete are all related to their lateral compressive stress. The greater the lateral compressive stress, the higher the strength.

[0450] When high-strength and ultra-high-strength cement-based materials are subjected to the action of surrounding pressure, the temperature at which high-temperature spalling occurs will increase with the increase of the surrounding pressure.

[0451] The technical route of the present invention is that starting from the state where high-strength and ultra-high-strength concrete is in a flowable state until the end of the service life of the structure, the high-strength and ultra-high-strength concrete materials in the composite structure are always subjected to compressive stress in three directions. Being subjected to compressive stress before and during solidification can improve the strength of the cement-based material; being subjected to compressive stress in three directions during the use stage can improve the strength of the cement-based material and increase the temperature at which high-temperature spalling occurs.

[0452] Special cases of composite structures

[0453] Single column

[0454] A column has only a part A with a cavity inside, and the filling material in the cavity includes material B. Preferably, the single column can be used as an independent member; preferably, the single column is used as an element to make other members.

[0455] Several composite structures made of composite structures

[0456] Composite column

[0457] It contains at least one single column, and there are other parts used to share the load.

[0458] Reinforced concrete composite column with a single column built-in

[0459] The single column is wrapped by concrete, and the concrete is provided with steel bars, and the concrete shares the load borne by the column. Preferably, studs are provided outside the single column to enhance the connection between the steel fiber concrete and the outer surface of the single column.

[0460] Steel fiber concrete composite column with a single column built-in

[0461] The single column is wrapped by steel fiber concrete, and the steel fibers share the load borne by the column. Preferably, stud bolts are provided on the outside of the single column to enhance the connection between the steel fiber concrete and the outer surface of the single column.

[0462] Reinforced concrete composite column containing multiple single columns

[0463] Multiple single columns are placed in parallel, the gaps between them are filled with concrete, and the outside is wrapped with concrete, and at least stirrups are provided in the concrete.

[0464] Sheathed concrete composite column with a single column inside

[0465] A single column is sleeved with another tube called the outer tube, and a solidifiable material is filled between the outer side of the single column and the inner wall of the outer tube. Preferably, the solidifiable material is a cement-based material.

[0466] Steel tube concrete composite column with multiple single columns inside

[0467] Multiple parallel single columns are sleeved with an outer tube. In the area surrounded by the inner wall of the outer tube, outside the area occupied by the single columns, a solidifiable material is filled.

[0468] Lattice column

[0469] A lattice column, characterized in that the lattice column contains single columns made by the technical solution of the present invention.

[0470] Embodiment

[0471] Only the manufacturing method and structure of the single column are given in the embodiment.

[0472] Embodiment 1.

[0473] As Figure 8 and Figure 9 shown, the composite structure is a steel tube concrete column. Part A includes an upper end plate 110, a flange 111, a steel tube 12, and a lower end plate 13. The lower end plate is connected to the steel tube by welding, and the upper end plate 110 is connected to the upper flange 111 by bolts. There is a round hole at the center of the upper end plate. Part B is ultra-high strength fine aggregate concrete 2. The energy storage device is composed of rubber rods 4 and a pressure device composed of a pressure rod 3. The six rubber rods are placed at a certain distance from the inner wall of the steel tube, and the height of the rubber rods is about the entire height of the inner cavity of the steel tube. The aspect ratio of the energy storage blank area is 0.02.

[0474] Drill a number of small holes with a diameter of 0.5 - 2.0 mm on the side of the steel pipe, and line the inner wall at the hole position with a low-melting-point metal sheet to prevent the material in part B in a flowable state from flowing out of the holes under pressure. When a fire occurs, if the temperature of part A is higher than the melting temperature of the low-melting-point metal fusible sheet, the metal sheet melts, and the vapor in the cavity surrounded by A is discharged from the small holes. The discharge of the vapor helps to reduce the pressure on the inner wall of the steel pipe. To improve the fire resistance effect, the steel pipe, flange, and end cap should all use high-temperature-resistant steel, and a fireproof coating should be applied to the outer surface before service.

[0475] The material of part B is ultra-high-strength fine aggregate concrete, and the cube strength after standard curing is 170 MPa. When the fine aggregate concrete is in a flowable state during the hydration process, the pressure it receives is 50 MPa.

[0476] Let the pressure rod 3 pass through the central hole of the upper end plate and penetrate into the fine aggregate concrete 2 in the cavity. Applying pressure to the pressure rod can achieve the extrusion of the fine aggregate concrete. An O-ring seal is provided in the central hole of the upper end plate to prevent water or cement slurry in the fine aggregate concrete from flowing out through the gap between the pressure rod and the central hole. The surface of the pressure rod is smooth.

[0477] The construction method is as follows:

[0478] (1) Weld the lower end plate 13 to the steel pipe 12, and weld the upper flange 111 to the steel pipe 12.

[0479] (2) Fill the steel pipe with fine aggregate concrete, and vibrate it with a vibrating rod while filling; when it is less than 2 cm from the pipe orifice, stop filling.

[0480] (3) Connect the upper end plate 110 to the flange 111.

[0481] (4) Then continue to fill the cavity with fine aggregate concrete through the central hole using a thin pipe until it is full; the outer diameter of the thin pipe should be smaller than the diameter of the central hole. During the process of filling the fine aggregate concrete, air is discharged from the gap between the thin pipe and the hole wall.

[0482] (5) Install the seal ring into the central hole of the upper end plate, pass the pressure rod 3 through this hole, and apply a load to the pressure rod until the pressure received by the fine aggregate concrete reaches the designed 50 MPa.

[0483] (6) Select the subsequent treatment method,

[0484] a. When the pressure reaches 50 MPa, immediately fix the pressure rod to the upper end plate 110 and remove the external loading device applying a constant force to it; or,

[0485] b. After the pressure reaches 50 MPa, maintain the load on the pressure rod constant until after time tZ0 At this moment, fix the pressure rod to the upper end plate 110 and remove the external loading device applying a constant force to it; or,

[0486] c. After the pressure reaches 50 MPa, maintain the load on the pressure rod constant until the time reaches the moment t1, then fix the pressure rod to the upper end plate 110 and remove the external loading device applying a constant force to it; the moment t1 can be before t Z0 or after t Z0 ; t1 is a time selected according to the construction progress requirements.

[0487] Where t Z0 means that there is a time t Z0 during the hydration process stage II. When the pressure rod is under the action of a constant axial external force, the displacement speed of the pressure rod is relatively large before the moment t Z0 and significantly decreases after the moment t Z0 .

[0488] When the pressure rod is under the action of a constant axial external force, when the concrete is in the hydration process stage I, if the concrete undergoes volume shrinkage, the pressure rod will move into the cavity accordingly to fill the shrunk volume.

[0489] After the pressure rod is fixed to the upper end plate 110, if the concrete continues to shrink, the pressure rod can only move together with the end plate. At this time, regardless of whether the concrete is in the hydration process stage I or stage II, when the concrete shrinks, the pressure on the concrete will decrease; if there is no rubber rod placed, the final pressure on the concrete may be zero or close to zero; due to the placement of the energy storage device rubber rod, when the concrete volume shrinks, the rubber rod will expand, so that the pressure reduction caused by the shrinkage of the concrete is controlled within a certain range.

[0490] Embodiment 2.

[0491] As Figure 10 Figure 11 shown, the composite structure is a concrete-filled steel tube column. Part A includes an upper end plate 110, a flange 111, a steel tube 12, and a lower end plate 13. The lower end plate is connected to the steel tube by welding, and the upper end plate 110 is connected to the upper flange 111 by bolts. There is another round hole 1101 with internal threads at a position deviating from the center on the upper end cover. When filling materials into the cavity through the steel tube, the round hole is used to discharge the gas in the cavity; after the filling is completed, plug this hole with a plug. 1102 and 1103 are screw holes, and the bolts therein are used to connect the upper end cover and the flange.

[0492] A steel pipe 311 is installed at the center of the upper end cover. It is sealed with the upper end cover 110 to prevent liquid leakage. Grooves are machined inside the upper end of the steel pipe 311 for placing the sealing ring 312. A pressure rod is placed inside the steel pipe hole. Its surface is smooth. The sealing ring 312 is used to seal the gap between the steel pipe 311 and the pressure rod 310. Figure 10 It shows the state when the inside of the steel pipe is pressurized. The filling materials 21 and 22 inside the steel pipe are RPC, and the material 32 is cement mortar (quick-setting mortar) added with a quick-setting agent. The setting time of this mortar is adjusted to 10 - 12 minutes.

[0493] Six energy storage devices 41 are installed on the inner wall of the steel pipe 12. They are steel pipes with both ends sealed and a dumbbell-shaped cross-section (see Figure 1 ). When the outer surface is subjected to a hydrostatic pressure of 15 MPa, there is only elastic deformation. The dumbbell-shaped steel pipe adopts the double stiffness design concept: when the surrounding hydrostatic pressure is low, the two side walls of the dumbbell waist are separated, as shown in Figure 1 . When the surrounding pressure is high, the two side walls of the waist come into contact, and at this time, the stiffness of the steel pipe will increase significantly. Under a hydrostatic pressure of 15 MPa, the two side walls of the dumbbell waist come into contact.

[0494] The construction steps are as follows.

[0495] (1) Connect the bottom plate 13, the steel pipe 12, and the flange 111 together, and connect the steel pipe 311 with the upper end cover 110.

[0496] (2) Determine the positions for placing the energy storage devices, drill several small holes on the inner wall of the steel pipe along the position lines, line the inner wall of the steel pipe with low-melting-point metal sheets, and fix the energy storage devices 41 to the inner wall of the steel pipe.

[0497] (3) Then connect the upper end cover 110 with the flange 111.

[0498] (4) Fill the inside of steel pipe 12 with RPC through the round hole of steel pipe 311 until it is full. Then, insert the pressure rod 310 into the hole of steel pipe 311 and push it down 20 cm. During this process, the round hole 1101 is open, and some RPC will flow out from this hole, and some will also flow out from the gap between the pressure rod 310 and the steel pipe 311. Block the round hole 1101 with a plug, then pull out the pressure rod 310, clean the groove of the sealing ring 312, and put in the sealing ring. Inject quick-setting cement mortar into the steel pipe 311, taking care not to smear it on the sealing ring and the inner wall of the steel pipe above the sealing ring. The upper surface of the mortar should be at a certain distance below the sealing ring. Insert the pressure rod 310 into the hole of the steel pipe 311 again. The pressure rod passes through the sealing ring and squeezes the quick-setting cement mortar. Continue to push the pressure rod 310 until the cross-sectional compressive stress of the pressure rod reaches 15 MPa, then keep it in this position and wait for the quick-setting cement mortar to solidify and reach the required strength. Remove the device for pushing the pressure rod. At an appropriate time, saw off the exposed steel pipe 311 together with the pressure rod 310.

[0499] Example 3.

[0500] Figure 12 and Figure 13 are schematic diagrams of a concrete-filled steel tube column during construction. Figure 12 and Figure 13 The meanings of the numbers 110, 1101, 1102, 1103, 111, 12, and 13 in Figure 10 , Figure 11 are the same as those in

[0501] In Figure 12 , a steel pipe 311 and a thin-walled cylinder 312 are arranged inside the steel pipe 12. The bottom 313 of the thin-walled cylinder 312 is connected to the steel pipe 311. The steel pipe 311 penetrates the bottom 313 of the cylinder 312, and the material 322 inside the steel pipe 311 can flow out from the lower end of the steel pipe 322 to the below of the barrel bottom 313. The regions 321, 322, 323, 324, and 325 are connected. The filled materials are used as pressure materials and are all the same kind of retarder RPC, denoted as RPC-1; the regions 21 and 22 are also connected and both belong to the space inside the cylinder. The filled materials are all part B materials, which are RPC with a normal setting speed, denoted as RPC-2.

[0502] It is required that the initial setting time of the retarder RPC-1 (321, 322, 323, 324, 325) appears after the moment when the volume shrinkage inflection point of the normal RPC-2 (21 / 22) appears.

[0503] The energy storage device 4 is a type-A1 self-expanding device. Its outer skin is a rubber tube with both ends closed, and inside there is a brittle capsule made of glass, which contains reactive components. When the pressure of the pressurizing material 321 around the self-expanding device reaches 4 - 7 MPa, the brittle capsule is crushed, and the two chemical components are mixed to produce gas. Although the occupation of the combined structure cross-section by the energy storage device weakens the load-bearing capacity of the corresponding cross-section, since the steel pipe 311 has a large load-bearing capacity, it can offset part of the influence of the cross-section weakening. If the pressurizing device can apply a constant pressure to the pressurizing rod 310, the energy storage device 4 can be removed, which avoids the weakening of the column cross-section by the energy storage device. The advantage of using the energy storage device is that the construction is convenient. A displacement can be quickly applied to the pressurizing rod at regular intervals, or the pressure of part B material can be increased to the preset value at one time and then the pressure rod is fixed.

[0504] The preset value of the pressure applied to part B material is taken as 10 MPa.

[0505] The construction steps are as follows.

[0506] (1) Connect the bottom plate 13, the steel pipe 12, and the flange 111 together.

[0507] (2) Machine the thin-walled cylinder 312 - 313 - 311 and connect the thin-walled cylinder 312, the bottom of the cylinder 313, and the steel pipe 311 together.

[0508] (3) Fix the thin-walled cylinder 324 - 311 - 311 inside the thick steel pipe 12 and connect them together with the connecting device 314; connect the steel pipe 316 with the upper end cover 110 and place the sealing ring in the groove of the steel pipe 316.

[0509] (4) Place the energy storage device 4 into the hole of the steel pipe 311.

[0510] (5) Fill the regions 321, 322, 323, 324, 325 with the slow-setting RPC-1, which can be injected into these regions by inserting a thin tube. Fill the regions 21 and 22 with the normally setting RPC-2. During the filling process, pay attention to controlling the relative height between the RPC-1 and the normal RPC-2 so that the materials in the regions 21 and 22 are higher than those in the outer region of the thin-walled cylinder to avoid crushing the thin-walled cylinder.

[0511] (6) When the height of the normally setting RPC-2 (in 21 and 22) in the thin-walled cylinder is almost up to the height of the cylinder wall of the thin-walled cylinder, stop filling this part of the material, but the slow-setting RPC-1 material can still be filled, but do not exceed the height of the steel pipe 12.

[0512] (7) Connect the upper end cap 110 to the flange plate, and continue to fill the retarder RPC into the area 325 through the hole of the steel pipe 316. After filling, stop filling. Plug the round hole 1101 with a plug, insert the pressure rod into the hole of the steel pipe 316, and pass through the sealing ring.

[0513] (8) Method of applying pressure:

[0514] Apply an axial displacement to the pressure rod with a loading device, and measure the axial pressure at the same time. When the pressure of the pressurized material 321 reaches 4 - 7 MPa, the brittle capsule in the self-expansion device 322 ruptures and generates gas. When the cross-sectional compressive stress of the pressure rod reaches 10 MPa, keep the displacement constant.

[0515] (9) Inject quick-setting gel into the gap between the pressure rod 310 and the steel pipe 316. After the strength of the gel reaches the requirement, remove the pressure device that applies displacement to the pressure rod.

[0516] (10) After the retarded RPC-1 reaches sufficient strength, saw off the steel pipe 316 and the pressure rod 310 from the outside root.

Claims

1. Method for manufacturing a combined structure applicable to a wide temperature range (1) Comprising (1) Manufacturing part A that encloses a cavity; (2) Filling the cavity with the material of part B, wherein the material of part B is a curable material and is in a flowable state when filled into the cavity; in the material of part B, at least a part of the material has the following property: after curing and reaching the designed strength, it will undergo high-temperature explosion under normal pressure; (3) Install the pressurization system and the energy storage system; (4) Utilize the pressurization system and the energy storage system to apply a pressure process to the material in part B of the cavity; after the material in part B reaches the design strength or the long-term strength, there is still a pre-compressive stress or a residual pre-compressive stress retained in the material in part B of the composite structure; The construction sequence of steps (2) and (3) is not affected by the order of the text arrangement, and these two steps can also be carried out alternately; (II) Among them, (1) The pressurization system includes pressurizing materials and / or pressurizing devices; (1.1) The pressurizing materials have at least one of the following characteristics, a. When the pressurizing material is in a flowable state, the pressurizing material transfers pressure between different regions inside the cavity surrounded by part A; b. When the pressurizing material is in a flowable state, the pressurizing material transfers pressure to all interfaces in contact with it inside the cavity surrounded by part A; c. The pressurizing material increases or decreases the space occupied in the cavity surrounded by part A to increase or decrease the pressure on the material in part B; (1.2) The pressurizing device has the following characteristics, When it works, it can increase or decrease the All or a certain part space occupied in the enclosed cavity of the A part to increase or decrease the pressure on the material of the B part; (2) The energy storage system includes energy storage materials or / and energy storage devices; (2.1) The energy storage material is located in the cavity surrounded by part A and has the following two characteristics, a. When the pressure of the material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A increases, the energy storage material absorbs energy; when the pressure of the material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A decreases, the energy storage material releases energy; b. When the pressure change value is the same, the energy absorbed or released by the unit volume of the energy storage material is much greater than the energy absorbed or released by the same volume of the material in part B; (2.2) The energy storage device includes at least one of the following two energy storage devices, (2.2.1) The first energy storage device The first energy storage device is located in the cavity surrounded by part A and has the following two characteristics, a. When the pressure of the material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A increases, the energy storage device can absorb energy; when the pressure of the material in part B in the cavity surrounded by part A decreases, the energy storage device releases energy; b. When the pressure change value is the same, the energy absorbed or released by the energy storage device is much greater than the energy absorbed or released by the same volume of the material in part B; (2.2.2) The second energy storage device The second energy storage device includes part A that surrounds the cavity.

2. The method for manufacturing the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The upper limit of the wide temperature range is higher than the temperature at which the material in part B starts to undergo high-temperature bursting under normal pressure after reaching the design strength or / and the long-term strength.

3. The method for manufacturing the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The temperature T at which the material of part B starts to burst under the action of a compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B starts to burst under normal pressure. b ​ 4. The method for manufacturing the combined structure according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that The material in part B has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The temperature-rising condition of the material in part B is that when the temperature is higher than the preset value, its temperature increases monotonically with time; the value range of the preset value is 0°C to 250°C; When the above conditions are met, the temperature T b at which the material of part B starts to burst under the action of the compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B starts to burst under normal pressure; (2) If the conditions are met: the heating curve formula of part B material under normal pressure is T = f1(t) + T h , and the heating curve formula of part B material under the action of compressive stress P b is T = f2(t) + T h , where f1(t) / f2(t) = λ, λ is a constant, and λ > 1; T h is a constant, and its value range is 0°C ≤ T h ≤ 250°C; Then there is the following phenomenon: the temperature T at which the material of part B starts to burst under the action of the compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B starts to burst under normal pressure; b ​ Or, The material of part B, when subjected to a compressive stress P b even if no bursting occurs, its temperature can be higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B bursts under normal pressure; (3) When the heating rate is the same, the temperature T b at which the material in part B starts to burst under the action of the compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material in part B starts to burst under normal pressure.

5. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that In the part B area, at least a part of the filled material includes at least a cement-based material, or a mixture of a polymer material and a cement-based material.

6. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The pressurizing material includes at least one of the following four materials: cement-based material, curable polymer material, mixture of polymer material and cement-based material, curable inorganic non-metallic material.

7. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The pressurizing material is a self-expanding material, which is a material that can expand in volume by itself or can expand in volume under certain conditions.

8. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 7, characterized in that The self-expanding material is a static crack agent or an expansive cement-based material.

9. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 8, characterized in that The expansive cement-based material is expansive cement mortar or expansive concrete.

10. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The first energy storage device includes at least one of the following: Type I energy storage device, Type II energy storage device, Type III energy storage device; Among them, the Type I energy storage device is a solid geometric body made of a material with strong volumetric elastic deformation ability; the Type II energy storage device is a device made of an elastic material with a closed space; the Type III energy storage device is an airbag or a gas-liquid bag.

11. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The second energy storage device is a Type IV energy storage device, and the Type IV energy storage device has the following characteristics: (1) The Type IV energy storage device includes the A part of the combined structure or only includes the A part of the combined structure; (2) When subjected to the static pressure of the flowable material in the cavity surrounded by the A part, the curvature of at least one area in the A part changes, that is, bending deformation occurs.

12. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that The methods for applying pressure to the B part material in the cavity of the A part include at least one of the following: (1) Pressurizing method I, Applying pressure to the B part material by increasing the pressure inside the pressurizing material in the flowable state; (2) Pressurizing method II, Applying pressure directly to the B part material by a pressurizing device; (3) Pressurizing method III, Applying pressure to the B part material by squeezing the pressurizing material with a pressurizing device.

13. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, in In the pressurizing method I, the pressurizing material is squeezed and extruded into the cavity surrounded by the A part through a pressurizing pipeline.

14. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 12, characterized in that, in In the pressurizing method II, the pressurizing device includes at least one of the following: a pressure rod, a pressurizing pipeline and an external pressurizing device connected thereto, a self-expanding device, a pressurizing airbag, a pressurizing liquid bag, a pressurizing gas-liquid bag.

15. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 12, characterized in that The pressurizing airbag is a lower limit airbag, or / and an upper limit airbag, or / and a dual limit airbag; The pressurizing liquid bag is a lower limit liquid bag, or / and an upper limit liquid bag, or / and a dual limit liquid bag; The pressurizing gas-liquid bag is a lower limit gas-liquid bag, or / and an upper limit gas-liquid bag, or / and a dual limit gas-liquid bag.

16. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressurizing material is a late-setting pressurizing material.

17. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1 or 12, characterized in that, The pressurizing device is a pressure rod, and the fixing method of the pressure rod is to bond the pressure rod to other parts of the combined structure with an early-strength material, a cement-based material or other rapid adhesives; the characteristics of the early-strength cement-based material or rapid adhesive are that the time to reach the design strength is 3 - 8 minutes, or 8 - 15 minutes, or 15 - 30 minutes, or 30 - 60 minutes, or 60 - 120 minutes; The situation where the pressure rod needs to be fixed is that when the pressure rod is subjected to the pressure applied by an external loading device, in order to remove the external loading device while ensuring that the pressure of the flowable medium in the cavity of the A part does not decrease significantly.

18. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A high-temperature exhaust channel is made on the combined structure; the characteristics of the high-temperature exhaust channel are that when the temperature is lower than the preset value, the exhaust channel is closed and cannot discharge fluid; when the temperature is higher than the preset value, the exhaust channel can discharge gas, thereby reducing the pressure on the inner wall of the A part.

19. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 18, characterized in that, The high-temperature exhaust channel includes at least one of the following: (1) Before injecting the material of part B into the cavity surrounded by part A, a material capable of forming an exhaust layer is laid on the inner wall of part A; (2) Regularly distributed exhaust holes on part A.

20. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 19, characterized in that, The diameter of the holes is 0.1 - 0.5 mm, or 0.5 - 1.0 mm, or 1.0 - 2.5 mm, or 2.5 - 5.0, or greater than 5.0 mm.

21. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 19, characterized in that, The selection range of the material capable of forming an exhaust layer includes a low - melting - point metal mesh, a low - melting - point chemical fiber mesh, and a mesh composed of low - melting - point metal wires and low - melting - point chemical fibers.

22. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, In the cavity surrounded by part A, high - temperature - resistant stirrups are provided.

23. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 22, characterized in that, The stirrups are high - temperature - resistant circular stirrups or high - temperature - resistant spiral stirrups.

24. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, A high - temperature - resistant tightening device is provided outside part A.

25. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 24, characterized in that, The manufacturing material of the high - temperature - resistant tightening device contains high - temperature - resistant metal materials.

26. The manufacturing method of the combined structure according to claim 24, characterized in that, The manufacturing material of the high - temperature - resistant tightening device contains basalt fibers.

27. A combined structure applicable to a wide temperature range, characterized in that, The combined structure is manufactured by the method described in any one of claims 1 to 26.

28. A combined structure applicable to a wide temperature range, comprising part A, part B and part C, (1) having the following characteristics, (1) Part A is made of solid material, and part A surrounds a cavity; (2) Part B is a solidifiable material that has solidified and is filled within the cavity; in at least a part of the space area occupied by part B, the material of part B can undergo high - temperature explosion under normal pressure; There is a pre - compressive stress or a residual pre - compressive stress in part B; (3) Part C is one or more space areas that are within the cavity surrounded by part A; (3.1) Part C has feature I and feature II; or / and, (3.2) Part C has feature I, and part A surrounding the cavity has feature III: (II) Among them, (1) Feature I at least includes one of the following features, Feature A1, Feature B1, Feature C1, Feature D1, Feature E1; (2) Feature II at least includes one of the following, Feature A2, Feature B2, Feature C2, Feature D2, Feature E2, (3) Feature III is that, Part A can be used as an energy storage device; when under the static pressure of the flowable material in the cavity surrounded by part A, the curvature of at least one area in part A changes, that is, bending deformation occurs; (III) Among them, (1) Feature A1 is that, At least one of the space areas or a part of one of the space areas is at least occupied by one of the following, a. A certain pressurizing device, b. The residue of a certain pressurizing device, c. Some parts of a certain pressurizing device, d. The residue of some parts of a certain pressurizing device, e. Some pressurizing materials, f. The residue of some pressurizing materials; (2) Feature A2 is that, At least one of the space areas or a part of one of the space areas is at least occupied by one of the following, a. A certain energy storage device, b. The residue of a certain energy storage device, c. Some parts of a certain energy storage device, d. The residue of some parts of a certain energy storage device; (3) Feature B1 is that, During one or more time periods before the solidification of part B material, at least one of the space areas or a part of one of the space areas is at least occupied by one of the following, a. A certain pressurizing device, b. Some parts of a certain pressurizing device, c. Some pressurizing materials, (4) Feature B2 is that, At least one of the said spatial regions or a part of one of the said spatial regions is at least occupied by one of the following: a. a certain energy storage device; b. certain parts of a certain energy storage device; (5) Feature C1 is that at least one of the said spatial regions or a part of one of the said spatial regions is not occupied by any material or device, but this spatial region was at least occupied by one of the following in one or more previous time periods: a. a certain pressurizing device; b. certain parts of a certain pressurizing device; c. certain pressurizing materials; (6) Feature C2 is that at least one of the said spatial regions or a part of one of the said spatial regions is not occupied by any material or device, but this spatial region was at least occupied by one of the following in one or more previous time periods: a. a certain energy storage device; b. certain parts of a certain energy storage device; (7) Feature D1 is that at least one of the said spatial regions or a part of one of the said spatial regions is filled with P material; but the one spatial region or the part of the one spatial region was at least occupied by one of the following in one or more previous time periods: a. a certain pressurizing device; b. certain parts of a certain pressurizing device; c. certain pressurizing materials; (8) Feature D2 is that at least one of the said spatial regions or a part of one of the said spatial regions is filled with P material; but the one spatial region or the part of the one spatial region was at least occupied by one of the following in one or more previous time periods: a. a certain energy storage device; b. certain parts of a certain energy storage device; (9) Feature E1 is that at least one of the said spatial regions or a part of one of the said spatial regions contains filled P material and all or certain parts of the remains of a certain pressurizing device; but the one spatial region or the part of the one spatial region was at least occupied by a certain pressurizing device or certain parts of a certain pressurizing device in one or more previous time periods; (10) Feature E2 is that at least one of the said spatial regions or a part of one of the said spatial regions contains filled P material and all or certain parts of the remains of a certain energy storage device; but the one spatial region or the part of the one spatial region was occupied by a certain energy storage device or certain parts of a certain energy storage device in one or more previous time periods; The filling time of the P material is later than the filling time of the B part material; The P material is different from the B part material, or the P material is the same as the B part material; The curable material refers to a material that can solidify; The remains of the pressurizing device are a part, or several parts, or all of the pressurizing device, but have lost part or all of the functions of the pressurizing device; The remains of the energy storage device are a part, or several parts, or all of the energy storage device, but have lost part or all of the functions of the energy storage device; The remains of the pressurizing material are a part, or several parts, or all of the pressurizing material.

29. According to the combined structure described in claim 28, wherein: The temperature T at which the material in part B starts to burst under the action of compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material in part B starts to burst under normal pressure. b ​ 30. According to the combined structure described in claim 28, wherein, The B part material has at least one of the following characteristics: (1) The heating condition of the material in part B is that when the temperature is higher than the preset value, its temperature increases monotonically with time; the value range of the preset value is 0°C to 250°C; When the above conditions are met, the temperature T b at which the material of part B starts to burst under the action of the compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B starts to burst under normal pressure; (2) If the conditions are met: the heating curve formula of part B material under normal pressure is T = f1(t) + T h , and the heating curve formula of part B material under the action of compressive stress P b is T = f2(t) + T h , where f1(t) / f2(t) = λ, λ is a constant, and λ > 1; T h is a constant, and its value range is 0°C ≤ T h ≤ 250°C; Then there are the following phenomena: the temperature T at which the material of part B starts to burst under the action of the compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B starts to burst under normal pressure; b ​ Or, The material of part B, under the action of compressive stress P b even if no bursting occurs, its temperature can be higher than the temperature T0 at which the material of part B bursts under normal pressure; (3) When the heating rate is the same, the temperature T b at which the material in part B begins to burst under the action of the compressive stress P b is higher than the temperature T0 at which the material in part B begins to burst under normal pressure.

31. The combined structure according to claim 28, characterized in that, The material in part B is at least one of the following: high-strength concrete, ultra-high-strength concrete, reactive powder concrete.

32. The combined structure according to claim 28, characterized in that, There is also a high-temperature exhaust channel on the composite structure; the high-temperature exhaust channel is characterized in that when the temperature is lower than the preset value, the exhaust channel is closed and cannot discharge fluid; when the temperature is higher than the preset value, the exhaust channel can discharge gas to reduce the pressure on the inner wall of part A.

33. A combined structure, characterized in that, The composite structure is a component processed from the composite structure described in any one of claims 28 to 32.

34. The combined structure according to claim 33, characterized in that, It is formed by truncating a composite structure cylinder.

35. The combined structure according to claim 33, characterized in that, It is formed by removing the end of the composite structure and then processing.

36. A composite structure, characterized in that, The constituent elements of the composite structure include the composite structure described in any one of claims 28 to 32, or the constituent elements of the composite structure contain components obtained by reprocessing the composite structure described in any one of claims 28 to 32.

37. The combined structure according to claim 36, characterized in that, The composite structure is one of the following: composite column, reinforced concrete composite column with a single column inside, steel fiber concrete composite column with a single column inside, reinforced concrete composite column with multiple single columns, sleeve concrete composite column with a single column inside, concrete-filled steel tube composite column with multiple single columns inside, lattice column, composite beam.

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