A large capacity battery case structure capable of being extinguished by water

Abstract

The application provides a large-capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage batteries.The shell body is provided with an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity, a liquid injection hole is arranged on the bottom wall of the upper cavity and / or the top wall of the lower cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are filled with cooling and extinguishing medium, and a fusible sealing element is arranged at the liquid injection hole.The cooling and extinguishing medium is guided into the battery to extinguish the fire, the liquid injection hole is opened by high temperature, the operation is simple, the upper cavity or the lower cavity does not need to be filled with pressure, the sealing performance of the battery is guaranteed, and good fire extinguishing effect and fire spreading control effect can be achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of energy storage batteries, and relates to the safety technology of energy storage batteries, in particular to a large-capacity battery shell structure capable of water bath fire extinguishing. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, lithium battery technology has developed rapidly, and its application fields are becoming more and more extensive. However, when lithium batteries work, internal short circuit of positive and negative electrodes is easily caused by overcharge, short circuit, overheating or other defects, a large amount of gas and heat is generated in the battery, and the separator, electrolyte and other components in the battery react at high temperature, causing battery thermal runaway, a large amount of combustible gas is generated during thermal runaway, causing battery box tearing or explosion, and a large amount of air contacting with the combustible gas will cause thermal runaway to spread, causing a large area of fire, which is extremely dangerous.

[0003] At present, the main treatment method for the fire caused by battery thermal runaway on the market is the traditional fire extinguishing agent, which is a passive defense method and can only extinguish the external fire source of the battery, and there is no active treatment and defense fire extinguishing device for electrolyte and combustible gas.

[0004] Patent application No. CN201922495663.6 discloses an explosion-proof battery, which comprises a top cover, a bottom cover, an outer shell, and an inner shell. The outer shell and the top cover and the bottom cover form a closed hollow cavity structure. When short circuit occurs in the battery or the battery is impacted by a large external force, the notch groove of the safety column will break first, and the insulating liquid filled in the hollow cavity will flow into the inner shell under the action of pressure. The insulating liquid will mix with the electrolyte, rapidly increase the resistance of the electrolyte, greatly reduce the short circuit current, reduce the heat release of the battery, and effectively prevent the battery from catching fire and exploding. However, the safety column needs to be welded in the inner and outer chambers, which is not easy to operate, and the hollow chamber needs to be pressurized, which affects the sealing reliability of the battery and is not suitable for actual use. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problem that the hollow chamber filled with insulating liquid during fire extinguishing in the prior art needs to be pressurized, which affects the sealing reliability of the battery and is not practical, the present application provides a large-capacity battery shell structure capable of water bath fire extinguishing.

[0006] The present application mainly sets a liquid injection hole on the top wall of the lower cavity. When thermal runaway occurs in the battery, the fusible metal in the liquid injection hole melts at high temperature, causing the liquid injection hole to open, and the water in the lower cavity is injected into the electrolyte chamber of the battery under the action of pressure to extinguish the fire in the battery. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

[0007] A large capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath, comprising a shell body with an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity being communicated with the lower cavity, a liquid injection hole being arranged on the bottom wall of the upper cavity and / or the top wall of the lower cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity being filled with cooling and extinguishing medium, and a fusible sealing element being arranged at the liquid injection hole.

[0008] Further limitation, the middle part of the shell body is a middle cavity, and the middle cavity is used for placing the battery.

[0009] Further limitation, the top part of the side wall of the shell body extends upward and is sealingly connected with the upper cover plate to form the upper cavity, and the bottom part of the side wall of the shell body extends downward and is sealingly connected with the bottom plate to form the lower cavity.

[0010] Further limitation, the shell body further comprises a side cavity, the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity through the side cavity, and the side cavity is filled with the cooling and extinguishing medium.

[0011] Further limitation, the side cavity is a plurality of cylindrical holes arranged side by side on the side of the shell body, the top part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the upper cavity, and the bottom part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the lower cavity.

[0012] Further limitation, the liquid injection hole is a plum blossom structure surrounded by a plurality of water injection small holes, and the water injection small hole is a tapered hole with a small upper opening and a large lower opening.

[0013] Further limitation, the fusible sealing element is a fusible metal element.

[0014] Further limitation, the shell body has a plurality of upper shell bodies and lower shell bodies, and the upper shell body is communicated with the lower shell body.

[0015] Further limitation, the lower cavity of the upper shell body is communicated with the upper cavity of the lower shell body through a communication pipe.

[0016] Further limitation, the large capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath further comprises a liquid cooling unit, the liquid cooling unit is communicated with the lower cavity of the first shell body through an inlet pipe, and the liquid cooling unit is communicated with the upper cavity of the last shell body through an outlet pipe.

[0017] Further limitation, a booster pump is arranged in the liquid cooling unit, so that the pressure in the upper cavity and the lower cavity is greater than the pressure in the middle cavity.

[0018] Further limitation, the cooling and extinguishing medium is water.

[0019] Further limitation, the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery both penetrate the upper cavity and extend above the upper cover plate, and the positive pole and the negative pole are both isolated from the cooling and extinguishing medium by an insulating element.

[0020] Further limited, the insulating piece is an insulating cylinder, and the positive pole and the negative pole are packaged in the insulating cylinder; or the insulating piece is an insulating layer coated on the outer side of the positive pole and the negative pole.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The large-capacity battery housing structure capable of water bath fire extinguishing comprises a housing body provided with an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity and the lower cavity are communicated, a liquid injection hole is arranged on the bottom wall of the upper cavity and / or the top wall of the lower cavity, a cooling and fire extinguishing medium is filled in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, and a fusible sealing element is arranged at the liquid injection hole.

[0023] 2. The housing body further comprises a side cavity, the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity through the side cavity, and the side cavity is filled with the cooling and fire extinguishing medium.

[0024] 3. The side cavity is a plurality of cylindrical holes arranged side by side on the side of the housing body, and the plurality of cylindrical holes can generate a pressure aggregation effect, so that the cooling and fire extinguishing medium in the lower cavity flows into the upper cavity under a smaller pressure difference.

[0025] 4. The liquid injection hole is a plum blossom structure surrounded by a plurality of water injection holes, and the water injection hole is a tapered hole with a small upper opening and a large lower opening.

[0026] 5. The housing body has a plurality of upper and lower housing bodies.

[0027] 6. The large-capacity battery housing structure capable of water bath fire extinguishing further comprises a liquid cooling unit, and a cooling circulation system is formed between the liquid cooling unit and the upper cavity and the lower cavity.

[0028] 7. The liquid cooling unit is provided with a booster pump, the pressure of the cooling and fire extinguishing medium entering the upper cavity and the lower cavity of the shell body can be increased through the booster pump, and the cooling and fire extinguishing medium can be sprayed into the battery through the pressure when thermal runaway occurs, and the battery can be extinguished.

[0029] 8. The positive pole and the negative pole are both isolated from the cooling and fire extinguishing medium through insulation pieces. The positive pole and the negative pole are protected through the insulation pieces, so that the cooling and fire extinguishing medium cannot affect the normal work of the battery. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Structure diagram of the large-capacity battery shell structure with water bath extinguishing function of the present application Figure 1

[0031] Figure 2 Structure diagram of the large-capacity battery shell structure with water bath extinguishing function of the present application Figure 2

[0032] Figure 3 Structure diagram of the liquid spraying hole of the large-capacity battery shell structure with water bath extinguishing function of the present application

[0033] Among them, 1 is an inlet pipe, 2 is a liquid cooling unit, 3 is an outlet pipe, 4 is a positive pole, 5 is a negative pole, 6 is a pressure relief structure, 7 is a communication pipe, 8 is an upper cover plate, 10 is an upper cavity, 1001 is an upper cavity communication hole, 11 is a side cavity, 12 is a lower cavity, 1201 is a lower cavity communication hole, and 13 is a liquid spraying hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The technical solutions of the present application will be further explained and described below in combination with the drawings and examples, but the present application is not limited to the following described embodiments.

[0035] ​​The application discloses a large-capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath, which comprises a shell body provided with an upper cavity 10 and a lower cavity 12, the upper cavity 10 is communicated with the lower cavity 12, a liquid injection hole 13 is arranged on the bottom wall of the upper cavity 10 and / or the top wall of the lower cavity 12, the upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12 are filled with cooling and extinguishing medium, and the liquid injection hole 13 is provided with a fusible sealing element. The middle part of the shell body is a hollow cavity for placing a battery. The top part of the side wall of the shell body extends upwards and is sealingly connected with an upper cover plate 8 to form the upper cavity 10, and the bottom part of the side wall of the shell body extends downwards and is sealingly connected with a bottom plate to form the lower cavity 12. The shell body further comprises side cavities 11, the upper cavity 10 is communicated with the lower cavity 12 through the side cavities 11, and the side cavities 11 are filled with cooling and extinguishing medium. The side cavities 11 are a plurality of cylindrical holes arranged side by side on the side of the shell body, the top part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the upper cavity 10, and the bottom part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the lower cavity 12. The liquid injection hole 13 is a plum blossom structure formed by a plurality of water injection holes, and the water injection hole is a tapered hole with a small upper opening and a large lower opening. The fusible sealing element is a fusible metal element. The shell body has a plurality of upper shell bodies and lower shell bodies, and the upper shell body is communicated with the lower shell body. The lower cavity 12 of the upper shell body is communicated with the upper cavity 10 of the lower shell body through a communication pipe 7. The large-capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath further comprises a liquid cooling unit 2, the liquid cooling unit 2 is communicated with the lower cavity 12 of the first shell body through an inlet pipe 1, and the liquid cooling unit 2 is communicated with the upper cavity 10 of the last shell body through an outlet pipe 3. A booster pump is arranged in the liquid cooling unit 2, so that the pressure in the upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12 is greater than the pressure in the hollow cavity. The cooling and extinguishing medium is water. The positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 of the battery both extend to above the upper cover plate 8 through the upper cavity 10, and the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 are both isolated from the cooling and extinguishing medium through an insulating element. The insulating element is an insulating cylinder, and the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 are packaged in the insulating cylinder; or the insulating element is an insulating layer coated on the outer side of the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5. Embodiment 1

[0036] Reference Figures 1-3 The application discloses a large-capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath, which comprises a shell body provided with an upper cavity 10 and a lower cavity 12, the upper cavity 10 is communicated with the lower cavity 12, a liquid injection hole 13 is arranged on the bottom wall of the upper cavity 10 and / or the top wall of the lower cavity 12, the upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12 are filled with cooling and extinguishing medium, and the liquid injection hole 13 is provided with a fusible sealing element. The middle part of the shell body is a hollow cavity for placing a battery. The top part of the side wall of the shell body extends upwards and is sealingly connected with an upper cover plate 8 to form the upper cavity 10, and the bottom part of the side wall of the shell body extends downwards and is sealingly connected with a bottom plate to form the lower cavity 12. The shell body further comprises side cavities 11, the upper cavity 10 is communicated with the lower cavity 12 through the side cavities 11, and the side cavities 11 are filled with cooling and extinguishing medium. The side cavities 11 are a plurality of cylindrical holes arranged side by side on the side of the shell body, the top part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the upper cavity 10, and the bottom part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the lower cavity 12. The liquid injection hole 13 is a plum blossom structure formed by a plurality of water injection holes, and the water injection hole is a tapered hole with a small upper opening and a large lower opening. The fusible sealing element is a fusible metal element. The shell body has a plurality of upper shell bodies and lower shell bodies, and the upper shell body is communicated with the lower shell body. The lower cavity 12 of the upper shell body is communicated with the upper cavity 10 of the lower shell body through a communication pipe 7. The large-capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath further comprises a liquid cooling unit 2, the liquid cooling unit 2 is communicated with the lower cavity 12 of the first shell body through an inlet pipe 1, and the liquid cooling unit 2 is communicated with the upper cavity 10 of the last shell body through an outlet pipe 3. A booster pump is arranged in the liquid cooling unit 2, so that the pressure in the upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12 is greater than the pressure in the hollow cavity. The cooling and extinguishing medium is water. The positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 of the battery both extend to above the upper cover plate 8 through the upper cavity 10, and the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 are both isolated from the cooling and extinguishing medium through an insulating element. The insulating element is an insulating cylinder, and the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 are packaged in the insulating cylinder; or the insulating element is an insulating layer coated on the outer side of the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5.

[0037] The embodiment is provided with a liquid injection hole on the bottom wall of the upper cavity 10 and / or the top wall of the lower cavity 12, i.e. the liquid injection hole is provided on the top wall or the bottom wall of the shell body; a fusible sealing member is provided at the liquid injection hole, which can melt at high temperature. Preferably, the fusible sealing member is a fusible metal member, and the melting temperature of the fusible metal member is 120-140℃. Further preferably, the fusible metal member is made of tin-bismuth alloy, tin-lead alloy or bismuth-lead alloy.

[0038] It should be noted that the cooling and fire extinguishing medium of the embodiment can be water, and can also be a cooling medium that does not react with the electrolyte, such as perfluoroketone, pentafluoroethane, difluoromethane, etc. Preferably, the cooling and fire extinguishing medium of the embodiment is water.

[0039] Preferably, the upper cavity 10 of the embodiment is a cavity structure formed by extending the four side walls of the shell body upward and sealingly connecting with the upper cover plate 8; the lower cavity 12 is a cavity structure formed by extending the four side walls of the shell body downward and sealingly connecting with the bottom plate.

[0040] Preferably, the upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12 are sealingly connected in one piece by molding, welding or bolt connection with the shell body.

[0041] The shell body of the embodiment further includes a side cavity 11, and the upper cavity 10 is communicated with the lower cavity 12 through the side cavity 11, and the side cavity 11 is filled with a cooling and fire extinguishing medium.

[0042] Preferably, the middle part of the shell body is a hollow cavity, and the hollow cavity is used for placing a battery, and the battery is wrapped in a water bath cavity structure composed of the side cavity 11, the upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12.

[0043] It should be noted that in addition to being communicated with the lower cavity 12 through the side cavity 11, the upper cavity 10 of the embodiment can also be communicated by connecting a lead-through tube to the outside of the shell body.

[0044] Preferably, the side cavity 11 of the embodiment is 26 cylindrical holes arranged side by side on the side of the shell body, the top of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the upper cavity 10, and the bottom of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the lower cavity 12. The upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12 are communicated through the 26 cylindrical holes. The 26 cylindrical holes are uniformly distributed on the four side walls of the shell body.

[0045] It should be noted that the number of cylindrical holes of the embodiment can be 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 or even more.

[0046] Preferably, the spray holes 13 of the present embodiment are in the shape of a plum blossom formed by 7 spray holes, with 1 spray hole in the center and 6 spray holes evenly distributed around the center spray hole. The spray holes are conical with the upper opening smaller than the lower opening.

[0047] It should be noted that the spray holes 13 of the present embodiment can also be in other shapes formed by 3, 4, 5, or more spray holes; and 3, 4, 5, or more spray holes can be provided on the bottom wall of the upper cavity 10 and / or the top wall of the lower cavity 12.

[0048] Preferably, the shell body, the upper cover plate 8, and the bottom plate of the present embodiment are made of aluminum alloy or stainless steel or other metal or non-metal materials with the same strength as aluminum alloy.

[0049] The present embodiment is provided with a venting opening on the upper cover plate 8, and a venting structure 6 is provided at the venting opening. The venting structure 6 is a venting membrane or a pressure relief valve. Embodiment 2

[0050] The large-capacity battery shell structure of the present embodiment is provided with 4 shell bodies, and the lower cavity 12 of one shell body is connected to the upper cavity 10 of the next shell body through a communication pipe 7.

[0051] Preferably, a lower cavity communication hole 1201 is provided on the cavity wall of the lower cavity 12 of the shell body, and an upper cavity communication hole 1001 is provided on the cavity wall of the upper cavity 10 of the shell body. The communication pipe 7 is threadedly connected to the cavity wall of the lower cavity 12 through the lower cavity communication hole 1201, and the communication pipe 7 is threadedly connected to the cavity wall of the upper cavity 10 through the upper cavity communication hole 1001.

[0052] It should be noted that the shell body of the present embodiment can be 2, 3, 4, 5, or more, and the specific number can be increased or decreased according to the capacity requirements of the battery pack.

[0053] The large-capacity battery shell structure of the present embodiment further comprises a liquid cooling unit 2, which is a wind-cooled structure. The outlet of the liquid cooling unit 2 is connected to the lower cavity 12 of the first shell body through an inlet pipe 1, and the inlet of the liquid cooling unit 2 is connected to the upper cavity 10 of the last shell body through an outlet pipe 3.

[0054] Preferably, the liquid cooling unit 2 of the present embodiment is provided with a booster pump, which increases the pressure in the upper cavity 10 and the lower cavity 12 to be greater than the pressure in the hollow cavity. Embodiment 3

[0055] The large capacity battery shell structure of the embodiment can be extinguished by water bath. On the basis of the embodiment 2, the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 of the battery both penetrate the upper cavity 10 and extend above the upper cover plate 8, which is convenient for wiring; and the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 are both insulated and isolated from the cooling and extinguishing medium by the insulating member.

[0056] Preferably, the insulating member of the embodiment is an insulating cylinder, the top of the insulating cylinder is sealingly connected with the upper cover plate 8, and the bottom of the insulating cylinder is sealingly connected with the top end surface of the shell body; the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 are both placed in the insulating cylinder, and the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5 are insulated and isolated from the cooling and extinguishing medium by the insulating cylinder.

[0057] Or preferably, the insulating member of the embodiment is an insulating layer coated on the outer side of the positive pole 4 and the negative pole 5. Further preferably, the insulating layer is insulating paint.

[0058] The above is the further detailed description of the present application combined with the specific preferred embodiments, and is not used to limit the present application. For the person skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of simple deductions or replacements can be made, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present application should be considered to belong to the patent protection range determined by the submitted claims.

Claims

1. A large capacity battery case structure which can be extinguished by water bath, characterized by, The shell body comprises an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity, a liquid injection hole is arranged on the bottom wall of the upper cavity and / or the top wall of the lower cavity, the liquid injection hole is provided with a fusible sealing element, and the upper cavity and the lower cavity are filled with cooling fire extinguishing medium. The middle part of the shell body is a middle cavity for placing a battery. The shell body further comprises side cavities, the upper cavity is communicated with the lower cavity through the side cavities, and the side cavities are filled with cooling fire extinguishing medium; the cooling fire extinguishing medium is water; the positive pole and the negative pole of the battery both extend through the upper cavity and above the upper cover plate; the positive pole and the negative pole are both isolated from the cooling fire extinguishing medium by an insulating element. There are multiple shell bodies, the lower cavity of the previous shell body is communicated with the upper cavity of the next shell body through a communication pipe. The large-capacity battery shell structure capable of being extinguished by water bath further comprises a liquid cooling unit, the liquid cooling unit is communicated with the lower cavity of the first shell body through an inlet pipe, and the liquid cooling unit is communicated with the upper cavity of the last shell body through an outlet pipe; the liquid cooling unit is provided with a booster pump, so that the pressure in the upper cavity and the lower cavity is greater than the pressure in the middle cavity. The fusible sealing element is a fusible metal element, and the melting temperature of the fusible metal element is 120-140 DEG C.

2. The large capacity battery housing structure capable of being extinguished by water, according to claim 1, wherein The top part of the side wall of the shell body extends upward and is sealingly connected with the upper cover plate to form the upper cavity, and the bottom part of the side wall of the shell body extends downward and is sealingly connected with the bottom plate to form the lower cavity.

3. The large capacity battery housing structure capable of being extinguished by water, according to claim 2, wherein The side cavities are multiple cylindrical holes arranged side by side on the side of the shell body, the top part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the upper cavity, and the bottom part of the cylindrical hole is communicated with the lower cavity.

4. The large capacity battery housing structure capable of being extinguished by water, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The liquid injection hole is a plum blossom structure surrounded by multiple water injection holes, and the water injection hole is a tapered hole with a small upper opening and a large lower opening.

5. The large capacity battery housing structure capable of being extinguished by water, according to claim 4, wherein The insulating element is an insulating cylinder, and the positive pole and the negative pole are packaged in the insulating cylinder. Or the insulating element is an insulating layer coated on the outer side of the positive pole and the negative pole.

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