Downhole upward blast hole plugger and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an underground upward blasthole plug, comprising a plugging head, a lead hole is arranged on the plugging head, a plurality of elastic blades are arranged in the circumferential direction, and the elastic blades include a middle part, a first connecting part and a second connecting part; the thickness of the first connecting part is less than the thickness of the middle part, and is arranged near the bottom surface of the middle part; the thickness of the second connecting part is less than the thickness of the middle part, and is arranged near the top surface of the middle part; the first connecting part of an adjacent elastic blade and the second connecting part of another elastic blade are arranged oppositely; one end of the elastic blade away from the plugging head is inclined relative to the plugging head, and the height of the side where the second connecting part is connected to the middle part is less than the height of the other side; among two adjacent elastic blades, the first connecting part of one elastic blade and the second connecting part of the other elastic blade can overlap by extrusion. The plugging device can effectively prevent the plugging device from moving and prolong the reaction time of the explosive gas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering blasting, and in particular relates to an underground upward blast hole plugger and a use method thereof, and is suitable for plugging an underground upward blast hole. Background Art

[0002] In the actual engineering of underground blasting, the plugging of the underground upward blasthole is a very important link. The purpose of plugging the blasthole is to improve the utilization rate of the explosives and prolong the action time of the explosive gas in the blasthole to ensure that the explosives in the blasthole react fully. This is because the gas after the explosion will be accelerated to a very high speed in an instant. In order for the gas to rush out of the blasthole, it is necessary to overcome the inertial resistance of the blasthole plugging material itself and the adhesion and friction resistance between it and the blasthole wall. Therefore, the state of the explosive after the explosion is prolonged, the explosive reaction is more sufficient, and the utilization rate of the explosive is improved. And due to the resistance of the plugging material, the action time of the explosive gas in the blasthole is prolonged, so plugging the blasthole can effectively improve the effect of blasting. However, there are many kinds of plugging materials for blastholes at present. Most of the plugging in the engineering uses crushed rock, mud, water or other mixed materials, which are natural filling and non-prestressed plugging methods, which are not satisfactory and time-consuming and labor-intensive. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a downhole upward blasthole plugger and a method of using the same to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0004] A technical solution provided by the present invention: an underground upward blast hole plugger, comprising a plugging head, a lead-in hole is arranged on the plugging head, and a plurality of elastic blades are arranged on the circumferential direction of the plugging head, and the elastic blades include a middle part, a first connecting part and a second connecting part, the first connecting part is located on one side of the middle part, and the second connecting part is located on the other side of the middle part; the thickness of the first connecting part is less than the thickness of the middle part, and is arranged close to the bottom surface of the middle part, and the thickness of the second connecting part is less than the thickness of the middle part, and is arranged close to the top surface of the middle part; of two adjacent elastic blades, the first connecting part of one elastic blade and the second connecting part of the other elastic blade are arranged opposite to each other; one end of the elastic blade away from the plugging head is inclined relative to the plugging head, and the height of the side where the second connecting part is connected to the middle part is less than the height of the other side; of two adjacent elastic blades, the first connecting part of one elastic blade and the second connecting part of the other elastic blade can overlap by extrusion.

[0005] Preferably, a baffle is provided at an end of the middle portion away from the plugging head, an angle is formed between the baffle and the middle portion, and a top end of the baffle is higher than a top end of the middle portion.

[0006] Preferably, the baffle is vertically arranged with respect to the middle portion, and the bottom end of the baffle is flush with the bottom end of the middle portion.

[0007] Preferably, the plugging head is hemispherical in shape, and the bottom surface forms a plane with a groove provided on the plane. A connecting tube is provided on the bottom surface of the plugging head, one end of the connecting tube is connected to the plugging head, and the other end is provided with an annular connecting plate, the inner side surface of the annular connecting plate is connected to the other end of the connecting tube, and the elastic blade is connected to the outer side surface of the annular connecting plate.

[0008] Preferably, the groove is hemispherical in shape, and wire holes are provided on the inner wall of the groove and the connecting tube.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of wire lead holes are provided on the inner wall of the groove, and at least two wire lead holes are provided on the connecting tube.

[0010] Preferably, the outer diameter of the connecting pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the plugging head, and the outer diameter of the annular connecting piece is larger than the outer diameter of the plugging head.

[0011] Preferably, the middle portion is connected to the annular connecting piece, and the length of one end of the middle portion away from the annular connecting piece is smaller than the length of the other end; the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are both triangular in shape and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle portion.

[0012] Preferably, the downhole upward blasthole plugger is made of PE plastic.

[0013] When the underground upward blasthole plugger provided by the present invention is in use, after the blasthole is filled with explosives and lead wire, the lead wire is passed through the lead wire hole from top to bottom, and then the plugging head of the underground upward blasthole plugger is directed toward the blasthole, and the underground upward blasthole plugger is inserted into the blasthole as a whole until the plugging head blocks the explosive in the blasthole. When the underground upward blasthole plugger is inserted into the blasthole, the elastic blades are squeezed after contacting with the wall of the blasthole, so that the adjacent first connecting part and the second connecting part overlap and the elastic blades are bent as a whole with their backs to the plugging head and abut against the wall of the blasthole. While forming a seal for the blasthole, the prestress of the plugger and the wall of the blasthole is increased to prevent the plugger from moving and prolonging the reaction time of the explosive gas. Therefore, the plugger can effectively reduce the waste of explosives, prolong the reaction time of the explosive gas, improve the utilization rate of explosives, enhance the blasting effect, effectively reduce the bulk rate, and increase the economic benefits of the mine.

[0014] Another technical solution provided by the present invention: a method for using the above-mentioned underground upward blast hole plugger, comprising the following steps: step 1, dividing the lead wire into a plurality of multi-strand lead wires according to the total number of lead wire holes on the inner wall of the groove and the connecting tube, wherein the lead wire is a detonating cord detonator or a fuse; step 2, passing the above-mentioned multi-strand lead wires through the lead wire holes one by one, and the passing direction is from the outside of the lead wire hole through the inside of the connecting tube to the bottom of the annular connecting piece; step 3, connecting the lead wire passing through the inner wall of the groove and the lead wire passing through the connecting tube with the lead wire on the outside of the groove and the connecting tube; step 4, after the plugging head of the underground upward blast hole plugger is directed toward the blast hole, the underground upward blast hole plugger is inserted into the blast hole as a whole until the plugging head blocks the explosive in the blast hole; wherein, in the process of inserting the underground upward blast hole plugger as a whole into the blast hole, the force acts on the center position of the top of the groove, and the direction of the force is in a straight line with the center line of the blast hole.

[0015] The method for using the underground upward blasthole plugger provided by the present invention uses the underground upward blasthole plugger, thereby effectively preventing the plugger from moving and prolonging the reaction time of the explosive gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is one of the structural schematic diagrams of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a second structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a third structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plugging device of the present invention applied to a vertical blast hole;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plugging device of the present invention applied to an inclined blast hole;

[0021] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plugging device of the present invention applied to vertical and horizontal blast holes;

[0022] In the figure: a plug 1, a groove 1-1, a lead hole 2, an elastic blade 3, a middle part 3-1, a first connecting part 3-2, a second connecting part 3-3, a connecting tube 4, a baffle 5, explosives 6, a hole wall of a blasthole 7, a lead 8, and a connecting piece 9. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The technical solutions shown in the accompanying drawings are specific solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] The present invention provides a downhole upward blasthole plugging device, such as Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, it includes a plugging head 1, a lead hole 2 is arranged on the plugging head, and a plurality of elastic blades 3 are arranged in the circumferential direction of the plugging head, and the elastic blades include a middle part 3-1, a first connecting part 3-2 and a second connecting part 3-3, the first connecting part is located on one side of the middle part, and the second connecting part is located on the other side of the middle part; the thickness of the first connecting part is less than the thickness of the middle part, and is arranged close to the bottom surface of the middle part, and the thickness of the second connecting part is less than the thickness of the middle part, and is arranged close to the top surface of the middle part; among two adjacent elastic blades, the first connecting part of one elastic blade and the second elastic blade The second connection part of the sheet is relatively arranged; the end of the elastic blade away from the plugging head is inclined relative to the plugging head, and the height of the side where the second connection part is connected to the middle part is smaller than the height of the other side. When making it, each elastic blade can be twisted at a certain angle, generally 45°, so that among two adjacent elastic blades, the first connection part of one elastic blade and the second connection part of the other elastic blade are misaligned, and can be overlapped by extrusion. The downhole upward blast hole plugger 100 in this embodiment is preferably made of PE plastic. Of course, the elastic blades can also be made of other elastic materials, such as spring sheets.

[0025] When the above-mentioned underground upward blast hole plugger is used, refer to Figure 4-Figure 6 After the blasthole is filled with explosives and lead, the lead 8 is passed through the lead hole from top to bottom, and then the plugging head of the underground upward blasthole plugger is directed toward the blasthole, and the underground upward blasthole plugger is inserted into the blasthole as a whole until the plugging head blocks the explosive 6 in the blasthole. When the underground upward blasthole plugger is inserted into the blasthole, the elastic blades are squeezed after contacting with the hole wall 7 of the blasthole, so that the adjacent first connecting part and the second connecting part overlap and the elastic blades are bent as a whole with their backs to the plugging head and abut against the hole wall of the blasthole. While forming a seal for the blasthole, the prestress of the plugger and the hole wall of the blasthole is increased to prevent the plugger from moving and prolonging the reaction time of the explosive gas. Therefore, the plugger can effectively reduce the waste of explosives, prolong the reaction time of the explosive gas, improve the utilization rate of explosives, enhance the blasting effect, effectively reduce the bulk rate, and increase the economic benefits of the mine.

[0026] As a preferred embodiment, a baffle 5 is provided at the end of the middle part away from the plugging head, and an angle is formed between the baffle and the middle part, which may be an obtuse angle, an acute angle or a right angle. In the present embodiment, the baffle is vertically arranged to the middle part, and the top of the baffle is higher than the top of the middle part, generally 0.3cm-0.7cm higher, and the bottom end of the baffle is flush with the bottom end of the middle part. When the structure is in use, the elastic blade is bent as a whole toward the plugging head and abuts against the wall of the blasthole, and then continues to plug until the baffle is in position. As the baffle changes direction as the elastic blade bends, when the baffle contacts the wall of the blasthole, the elastic blade can be deformed under force, so under the action of external force, the baffle can eventually move along the blasthole. The wall enters the flat blast hole and resists against the wall of the blast hole, generating prestress, thus further increasing the prestress between the plug and the wall of the blast hole. In this embodiment, the baffle generally also has a certain elasticity, so that the position where the baffle and the middle part are connected generates prestress when subjected to force and compression, further increasing the prestress between the plug and the wall of the blast hole; in addition, the plug can be applied to blast holes of different diameters: for blast holes with larger diameters, the contact position between the elastic blade and the inner wall of the blast hole is farther from the plugging head, and the bending and deformation position of the elastic blade is closer to the end of the elastic blade away from the plugging head; for blast holes with smaller diameters, the contact position between the elastic blade and the inner wall of the blast hole is closer to the plugging head, and the bending and deformation position of the elastic blade is closer to the end of the elastic blade close to the plugging head.

[0027] In this embodiment, the plugging head can use existing shapes such as a round cake shape or a truncated cone shape. In this embodiment, the shape of the plugging head is preferably hemispherical, and the bottom surface forms a plane, and a groove 1-1 is provided on the plane. The shape of the groove is preferably hemispherical. A connecting pipe 4 is provided on the bottom surface of the plugging head. One end of the connecting pipe is connected to the plugging head, and the other end is provided with an annular connecting piece 9. The inner side surface of the annular connecting piece is connected to the other end of the connecting pipe, and the elastic blade is connected to the outer side surface of the annular connecting piece. In actual production, the plugging head, the connecting annular connecting piece, the elastic blade and the baffle can be integrally formed. Lead holes are provided on the inner wall of the groove and the connecting tube; wherein, in order to enable the lead to more smoothly detonate the detonating cord detonator, a plurality of lead holes are provided on the inner wall of the groove, and at least two lead holes are provided on the connecting tube. Generally, four lead holes are provided on the inner wall of the groove, and two lead holes are provided on the connecting tube. In this way, the lead can be divided into six strands when in use and pass through the corresponding lead holes respectively. During detonation, one of the six strands of lead can work. In this embodiment, the lead can use a detonating cord detonator or an existing fuse, and is selected according to the properties of the explosive. This is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be repeated here.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the outer diameter of the connecting pipe is smaller than the diameter of the plugging head. Since the inside of the plugging head is hollow to form a groove, the diameter of the plugging head in this embodiment can also be called the outer diameter of the plugging head. The outer diameter of the annular connecting piece is larger than the diameter of the plugging head. When the structure is in use, since the plugging device is made of the same material as the entire plugging device, the annular connecting piece is also elastic. During the process of the baffle being squeezed or at the moment when the plugging head is against the explosive and no longer exerts force on the plugging device, the annular spring piece and the part of the elastic blade close to the annular spring piece are subject to the reaction force of the baffle piece and have a certain deformation space to form an arc. shape, and a certain distance is created from the lead-wire hole on the connecting tube to prevent the lead-wire from being squeezed when the elastic blade is deformed; especially when blocking larger blast holes, the effect is better; in addition, when blocking smaller blast holes, the outer surface of the annular connecting piece is closer to the inner wall of the blast hole, so that there is a distance between the inner wall and the plugging head to prevent the lead-wire from being damaged by the plugging head and the inner wall. In actual production, the top of the plugging head can also be set to a blocking piece with the same diameter as the outer diameter of the annular connecting piece to further prevent the lead-wire from being damaged by the plugging head and the inner wall. When setting the blocking piece, the shape of the above-mentioned plugging head and the groove can also be truncated cone-shaped.

[0029] In the above embodiment, when the middle part is connected to the annular connecting piece, the length of one end of the middle part away from the annular connecting piece can be set to be smaller than the length of the other end, so that the middle part forms an approximately trapezoidal structure; the first connecting part and the second connecting part are both triangular in shape and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle part. In this embodiment, the first connecting part and the second connecting part can be right triangles or isosceles triangles, which can be selected by technicians in this field as needed and will not be repeated here.

[0030] The following is a preferred method of using the above-mentioned underground upward blast hole plugging device, see Figure 4-Figure 6 ,in, Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plugging device applied to a vertical blast hole; Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plugging device applied to an inclined blast hole; Figure 6The present invention is a schematic diagram of the structure of the plug applied to vertical and horizontal blast holes. Before the plug is used, the lead wire and the explosive are generally set in the blast hole, which is well known to those skilled in the art and will not be repeated here. The method of use comprises the following steps: Step 1, dividing the lead wire 8 into a plurality of multi-strand lead wires according to the total number of lead wire holes on the inner wall of the groove and the connecting tube, wherein the lead wire is a detonating cord detonator or a fuse, which is well known to those skilled in the art; Step 2, passing the above-mentioned multi-strand lead wires through the lead wire holes one by one, and the passing direction is from the outside of the lead wire hole through the inside of the connecting tube to the bottom of the annular connecting piece; Step 3, connecting the lead wire passing through the inner wall of the groove and the lead wire passing through the connecting tube with the lead wire on the outside of the groove and the connecting tube. At this time, once one or more of them are connected, When a lead wire has a problem in the position section from the outside of the blasthole to the lead hole, the outside of the groove and the connecting tube are connected with the lead wire, and the lead wire without the problem can be connected with other lead wires in the blasthole again through the groove and the outside of the connecting tube. After the connection, even if the lead wire without the problem outside the blasthole has a problem in the blasthole, it will not affect the function of the overall lead wire, and the stability is better; Step 4, after the plugging head of the downhole upward blasthole plugger is directed toward the blasthole, the downhole upward blasthole plugger is inserted into the blasthole as a whole until the plugging head blocks the explosive 6 in the blasthole; wherein, in the process of inserting the downhole upward blasthole plugger into the blasthole as a whole, the force acts on the center position of the top of the groove, and the direction of the force is in a straight line with the center line of the blasthole to prevent the plugging head from shifting during the insertion process. It should be noted that in actual use, even if step 3 is removed, the stability of the detonation effect is better than the plugging method using only one lead hole.

[0031] The above is only a detailed description of a specific implementation scheme of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made on the design concept of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A downhole upward blasthole plugging device, comprising a plugging head (1), wherein the plugging head is provided with a lead hole (2), characterized in that: The plug is provided with a plurality of elastic blades (3) in the circumferential direction, the elastic blades comprising a middle portion (3-1), a first connecting portion (3-2) and a second connecting portion (3-3), the first connecting portion being located on one side of the middle portion, and the second connecting portion being located on the other side of the middle portion; The first connecting portion has a thickness less than that of the middle portion and is disposed close to the bottom surface of the middle portion, and the second connecting portion has a thickness less than that of the middle portion and is disposed close to the top surface of the middle portion; Among two adjacent elastic blades, the first connection portion of one elastic blade and the second connection portion of the other elastic blade are arranged opposite to each other; one end of the elastic blade away from the plugging head is inclined relative to the plugging head, and the height of one side of the second connection portion connected to the middle portion is smaller than the height of the other side; Of two adjacent elastic blades, the first connection portion of one elastic blade and the second connection portion of the other elastic blade can overlap by extrusion; The middle portion is provided with a baffle (5) at one end away from the plugging head, an angle is formed between the baffle and the middle portion, and the top end of the baffle is higher than the top end of the middle portion; The blocking piece is vertically arranged with respect to the middle part, and the bottom end of the blocking piece is flush with the bottom end of the middle part; The downhole upward blast hole plugger is made of PE plastic.

2. A downhole upward blasthole plugging device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plugging head is hemispherical in shape, with a bottom surface forming a plane, a groove (1-1) being provided on the plane, a connecting pipe (4) being provided on the bottom surface of the plugging head, one end of the connecting pipe being connected to the plugging head, and an annular connecting piece (9) being provided on the other end, the inner side surface of the annular connecting piece being connected to the other end of the connecting pipe, and the elastic blade being connected to the outer side surface of the annular connecting piece.

3. A downhole upward blasthole plugging device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The groove is in a hemispherical shape, and lead holes are arranged on the inner wall of the groove and the connecting pipe.

4. A downhole upward blasthole plugging device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of lead-in holes are arranged on the inner wall of the groove, and at least two of the lead-in holes are arranged on the connecting tube.

5. A downhole upward blasthole plugging device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the connecting pipe is smaller than the outer diameter of the plugging head, and the outer diameter of the annular connecting piece is larger than the outer diameter of the plugging head.

6. A downhole upward blasthole plugging device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The middle portion is connected to the annular connecting piece, and the length of one end of the middle portion away from the annular connecting piece is shorter than the length of the other end; The first connection portion and the second connection portion are both in a triangular shape and are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the middle portion.

7. A method for using the underground upward blasthole plugging device according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1, dividing the lead wire (8) into a plurality of multi-strand lead wires according to the total number of lead wire holes on the inner wall of the groove and on the connecting tube, wherein the lead wire is a detonator or a fuse; Step 2, passing the above-mentioned multiple strands of lead wires through the lead wire holes one by one, and the passing direction is from the outside of the lead wire holes through the inside of the connecting tube to the bottom of the annular connecting piece; Step 3, connecting the lead wire passing through the inner wall of the groove and the lead wire passing through the connecting tube with the lead wire at the outer sides of the groove and the connecting tube; Step 4, after the plugging head of the downhole upward blasthole plugger is directed toward the blasthole, the downhole upward blasthole plugger is inserted into the blasthole as a whole until the plugging head blocks the explosive (6) in the blasthole; In the process of inserting the underground upward blast hole plugger into the blast hole as a whole, the force acts on the center position of the top of the groove, and the direction of the force is in a straight line with the center line of the blast hole.

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