Control circuits for power distribution nodes

Abstract

A power distribution node comprises: a power switch which is controllably operated to supply energy from an input to an output when the power switch is closed, and not to supply energy from the input to the output when the power switch is open; a controller module; a power supply which is connected to the controller module and energizes the controller module; and a control circuit which is constructed to sense power characteristics of the power distribution node.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims priority to and the benefit of United Kingdom Patent Application No. 20132577 filed on August 25, 2020, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatus for operating a power distribution node in a low power consumption mode. Background Art

[0004] Power systems, such as those found in aircraft power distribution systems, employ power generation systems or power sources (e.g., generators) to generate electricity to power aircraft systems and subsystems. As power travels across an electrical bus to deliver power from the power source to the electrical loads, distribution nodes dispersed throughout the power system ensure that the power delivered to the electrical loads meets the design power standards of the loads. For example, the distribution nodes may further provide switching operations to selectively enable or disable the delivery of power to specific electrical loads, depending on, for example, the available distribution supply, the criticality of the electrical load function, or the aircraft operating mode, such as takeoff, cruise, or ground operation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for operating a power switch in a distribution node controllably operated by a controller module, the method comprising: operably entering a low power consumption mode of the controller module when a latch component has latched a control output of the power switch; receiving a power characteristic of the distribution node through the controller module in the low power consumption mode; comparing the power characteristic with a threshold power characteristic value, and operably entering a normal power consumption mode of the controller module when the comparison is satisfied, the normal power consumption mode consuming more power than the low power consumption mode; in response to the power characteristic, determining an expected power switch operating condition through the controller module in the normal power consumption mode, and achieving the determined expected power switch operating condition by controllably instructing the latch component to latch the control output according to the determined expected power switch operating condition; and operably re-entering the low power consumption mode of the controller module.

[0006] On the other hand, the present disclosure relates to a power distribution node, which includes: a power switch, the power switch is controllably operated to supply energy from an input to an output when the power switch is closed, and not to supply energy from the input to the output when the power switch is open; a latch component, the latch component is controllably operated to latch a binary control output connected to the power switch, and is operable to controllably close and open the power switch; a controller module, the controller module is suitable for operating in a normal power consumption mode and a low power consumption mode, the normal power consumption mode consumes more power than the low power consumption mode, and is configured to controllably operate the latch component in the normal power consumption mode to latch the binary control output; a limited supply power source, the limited supply power source is connected to the controller module and powers the controller module; and a control circuit, the control circuit is configured to sense the power characteristics of the power distribution node, and when the comparison of the power characteristics with the power characteristics threshold is met, the controller module is instructed to enter the normal power consumption mode from the low power consumption mode. When in the normal power consumption mode, the controller module is further configured to re-enter the low power consumption mode after controllably operating the latch component to latch the binary control output.

[0007] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims.The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate aspects of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] A full and enabling disclosure of the present specification, including the best mode thereof, to one of ordinary skill in the art is set forth in the specification with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0009] Figure 1 is a top-down schematic diagram of an aircraft and a power distribution system in accordance with various aspects described herein.

[0010] Figure 2 According to the various aspects described in this article Figure 1 An example diagram of a power distribution node.

[0011] Figure 3 According to the various aspects described in this article Figure 1 Another example schematic diagram of a power distribution node.

[0012] Figure 4 According to the various aspects described in this article Figure 1 Another example schematic diagram of a power distribution node. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] The described aspects of the present disclosure relate to a power distribution system or power distribution node for an aircraft that enables power to be generated and distributed from a turbine engine (e.g., a generator driven by a gas turbine engine) to the electrical loads of the aircraft. It should be understood that while aspects of the present disclosure are shown for in-situ use in an aircraft environment or intended for an aircraft environment, the present disclosure is not limited thereto and has general application to power systems in non-aircraft applications (e.g., other mobile applications and non-mobile industrial, commercial, and residential applications). For example, while the present description is directed to a power system architecture in an aircraft, aspects of the present disclosure may be further applicable to providing power, supplemental power, emergency power, basic power, etc. in other non-emergency operations (e.g., takeoff, landing, or cruise flight operations).

[0014] Specifically, aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to power distribution systems with limited supply power or limited power. As used herein, a "limited power source" may include any power source that is limited in supplying a certain amount or quantity of power through, for example, a discharge operation cycle over a period of time. A limited power source may include, but is not limited to, a fuel cell system, a hydrogen battery system, a capacitor, a supercapacitor, a battery system, a rechargeable system, a group of any of the foregoing examples, or a combination thereof. In another non-limiting example, a limited power source may include a power source that may be exhausted but is inconvenient or impractical to recharge or replenish (e.g., no active supplementary power source, or only intermittent supplementary power sources are available). In another non-limiting example, a "limited power source" may be further limited by timing associated with an energy supply operation cycle. For example, a battery may have a limited effective discharge timing cycle until the potential voltage drops below a threshold, and in another example, a solar or photovoltaic cell can only generate electricity during a limited time of a solar cycle. In this sense, a limited power source may include wind-generated energy, a photon energy source, etc., which have a limited effective power generation cycle or cycle. In yet another non-limiting example, a "limited power source" may include a combination of a time-limited source and a discharge-limited source (e.g., solar energy is used to charge a battery pack that is discharged at night).

[0015] In contrast to a "limited power source," a "constant power source" or "unlimited power source" may include a power source that is capable of or configured to produce a predicted or predetermined amount of power during the expected operation of the power distribution system. In one non-limiting example, a constant power source may include a generator system that generates power in response to the power movement of an internal combustion engine, or connection to a continuous power source such as a ground-based power utility. Thus, as used herein, a constant power source is not limited by a discharge cycle.

[0016] Although a "group" of various elements will be described, it should be understood that a "group" may include any number of corresponding elements, including only one element. Also as used herein, although a sensor may be described as "sensing" or "measuring" a corresponding value, sensing or measuring may include determining a value indicating or related to a corresponding value, rather than directly sensing or measuring the value itself. The sensed value or measured value may be further provided to additional components. For example, the value may be provided to a controller module or processor, and the controller module or processor may process the value to determine a representative value or an electrical characteristic representing the value. In addition, although terms such as "voltage", "current" and "power" may be used herein, it is apparent to those skilled in the art that these terms may be interrelated when describing aspects of a circuit or circuit operation or circuit characteristics.

[0017] Unless otherwise stated, connection references (e.g., attachment, coupling, connection, and engagement) should be interpreted broadly and may include intermediate members between a collection of elements and relative movement between elements. Therefore, a connection reference does not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected and have a fixed relationship to each other. In a non-limiting example, a connection or disconnection can be selectively configured to provide, enable, disable, etc. electrical connections between individual elements. In a non-limiting example, a connection or disconnection can be selectively configured to provide, enable, disable, etc. electrical connections between individual elements. Non-limiting example distribution bus connection or disconnection can be enabled or operated by a switch, bus connection logic, or any other connector configured to enable or disable energization of electrical loads downstream of the bus.

[0018] As used herein, a "system" or "controller module" may include at least one processor and memory. Non-limiting examples of memory may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, or one or more different types of portable electronic memory (e.g., disk, DVD, CD-ROM, etc.), or any suitable combination of these types of memory. The processor may be configured to run any suitable program or executable instructions designed to perform various methods, functions, processing tasks, calculations, etc. to enable or implement the technical operations or operations described herein. The program may include a computer program product, which may include a machine-readable medium for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such a machine-readable medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a general or special-purpose computer or other machine with a processor. Typically, such a computer program may include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, algorithms, etc. that have the technical effects of performing specific tasks or implementing specific abstract data types.

[0019] In another non-limiting example, the control module may include comparing a first value to a second value, and operating or controlling the operation of an additional component based on the satisfaction of the comparison. For example, when a sensed, measured, or provided value is compared to another value including a stored value or a predetermined value, the satisfaction of the comparison may result in an action, function, or operation controllable by the controller module. As used, the term "satisfies" or "satisfies" comparison is used herein to indicate that a first value satisfies a second value (e.g., is equal to or less than the second value) or is within a value range of the second value. It will be understood that such a determination can be easily changed to be satisfied by a positive / negative comparison or a true / false comparison. An example comparison may include comparing a sensed or measured value to a threshold value or a threshold range.

[0020] Also as used herein, a controllable switch element or "switch" is an electrical device that is controllable to switch between a first operating mode in which the switch is "closed" to transfer current from the switch input to the switch output and a second operating mode in which the switch is "open" to prevent current from being transferred between the switch input and the switch output. In a non-limiting example, a connection or disconnection (e.g., a connection enabled or disabled by a controllable switch element) can be selectively configured to provide, enable, disable, etc., electrical connections between various elements.

[0021] Aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented in any circuit environment with a switch. A non-limiting example of a circuit environment that may include aspects of the present disclosure may include an aircraft power system architecture that is capable of generating power from at least one spool of a turbine engine (preferably a gas turbine engine) and delivering power to a group of electrical loads via at least one solid-state switch (e.g., a solid-state switch element or a solid-state power controller (SSPC) switch device). A non-limiting example of a solid-state switch element or SSPC may include a high-power switch based on silicon carbide (SiC) or gallium nitride (GaN). SiC or GaN may be selected based on its solid-state material structure, its ability to handle high voltage and high power levels with a smaller and lighter form factor, and its high-speed switching capability to perform electrical operations very quickly. Additional switch devices or additional silicon-based power switches may be included.

[0022] The exemplary drawings are for illustrative purposes only, and the dimensions, positions, orders, and relative sizes reflected in the accompanying drawings may vary.

[0023] like Figure 1As shown, the aircraft 10 is shown as having at least one gas turbine engine, shown as a left engine system 12 and a right engine system 14. Alternatively, the power system may have fewer or more engine systems. The left engine system 12 and the right engine system 14 may be substantially the same, and may further include at least one power source, such as a first motor or generator 18. The aircraft is also shown as having a set of power-consuming components or electrical loads 20, such as actuator loads, flight-critical loads, and non-flight-critical loads. In a non-limiting example, the left engine system 12 or the right engine system 14 may include additional or alternative power sources, including but not limited to a second motor or generator (not shown). Non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure may be included, wherein, for example, the first generator 18 is the main power source, and the second generator is the secondary power source, the backup power source, or the redundant power source. In further non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure, additional power sources, such as limited power sources, may be included. In this example, the limited power source may be located anywhere on the aircraft, not limited to the engines 12, 14.

[0024] The electrical load 20 is electrically coupled to at least one power source (eg, generator 18) via a power distribution system including, for example, power transmission lines 22 or busbars and distribution nodes 16. It will be appreciated that Figure 1 The illustrated aspects of the disclosure are merely one non-limiting example of a power distribution system, and the present disclosure contemplates many other possible aspects and configurations in addition to the aspects and configurations shown. Figure 1 The numbers and placements of the various components depicted in are also non-limiting examples of aspects associated with the present disclosure.

[0025] In the aircraft 10, operating the left engine system 12 and the right engine system 14 provides mechanical energy, which can be extracted typically via a spool to provide driving force for the set of generators 18. The set of generators 18 in turn generates electrical power (e.g., AC or DC power) and provides the generated power to a transmission line 22, which delivers the power to electrical loads 20 located throughout the aircraft 10. The limited power source can also be connected to the power distribution node 16, the electrical loads 20, etc., and can be distributed near the power distribution node 16, or concentrated in a larger power supply unit.

[0026] Example power distribution management functions may include, but are not limited to, selectively enabling or disabling the delivery of power to specific electrical loads 20, depending on, for example, the available power distribution supply, the criticality of the electrical load 20 function, or the aircraft operating mode, such as takeoff, cruise, or ground operations. Additional management functions may be included. In addition, additional power sources (e.g., emergency power, ram air turbine system, generator, auxiliary power unit (APU), battery, etc.) for providing power to the electrical loads 20 may be included and may be an alternative power source.

[0027] It should be understood that although Figure 1 Aspects of the disclosure are illustrated in the context of an aircraft 10, but the disclosure is not limited thereto and has general application to power systems in non-aircraft applications (e.g., other mobile applications and non-mobile industrial, commercial, and residential applications). For example, while the present description is directed to a power system architecture in an aircraft, aspects of the disclosure may be further applicable to providing power, supplemental power, emergency power, primary power, etc., in other non-emergency operations (e.g., takeoff, landing, or cruise flight operations). It will be understood that the illustrated aspects of the disclosure are merely one non-limiting example of an aircraft 10, and that the disclosure contemplates many other possible aspects and configurations in addition to those illustrated.

[0028] also, Figure 1 The number and placement of the various components depicted in the drawings are also non-limiting examples of aspects associated with the present disclosure. For example, while various components (e.g., electrical loads 20 on the wings of the aircraft 10, etc.) have been shown with relative positions to the aircraft, aspects of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and based on their schematic depictions, the components are not limited thereto. Additional aircraft 10 configurations are contemplated.

[0029] Figure 2 A non-limiting example of a power distribution system 30 is shown schematically as including a power source 32, a power distribution node 16, and at least one electrical load 20. In a non-limiting example, the power source 32 may include, but is not limited to, Figure 1 The generator 18. The distribution node 16 may include a set of switchable elements 34, such as part of a SSPC, a solid-state switch, or a similar switching mechanism that is readily understood. The set of switchable elements 34 also has a power switch 36, which is suitable for operably connecting or disconnecting a correspondingly associated set of electrical loads 20 from the power source 32. As shown, the set of switchable elements 34 may include a power output 38, which is connected in parallel to a first distribution node output 40 and a second distribution node output 42 via a conductor 58. The conductor 58 is shown to further include a first sensing resistor 44 associated with the first distribution node output 40 and a second sensing resistor 46 associated with the second distribution node output 42. As described herein, the first sensing resistor 44 and the second sensing resistor 46 are "associated" with the corresponding distribution node outputs 40, 42 because they are adapted, arranged, constructed, etc. to sense the power characteristics of the power supplied to each corresponding output 40, 42.

[0030] In one non-limiting example, the amount or quantity of power demanded from a corresponding non-faulty load (e.g., electrical load 20) must be low enough to allow a resistor (e.g., sense resistor 44, 46) to be inserted in series into the conductive path connecting the power output 38 with the corresponding power distribution node output 40, 42. In this sense, the sense resistor 44, 46 may include a resistance value that is both large enough to provide effective overcurrent protection in the event that the power output 40, 42 is shorted, but low enough to provide a sufficient amount of power to the non-faulty electrical load 20 (e.g., a sufficiently high output voltage after the voltage drop across the sense resistor 44, 46) to enable the load 20 to perform its intended or designed function.

[0031] The power distribution node 16 also includes a controller module 48 (the controller module 48 has a processor 50 and a memory 52), a latch component 54, and at least one power sensor, such as a current sensor 60 associated with the power supplied to the power distribution node 16 by the power supply 32. The latch component 54 can be communicatively connected to the controller module 48 and is adapted to operate in response to instructions received by the controller module 48. The latch component 54 can also be connected to the control input of the set of switchable elements 34 or the power switch 36, so that the power switch 36 is controllably operated to open or close in response to the output of the latch component 54.

[0032] As used herein, the latch component 54 may include or define a circuit having two stable states and may be used to maintain any of the stable states, for example as an output value. In this sense, the latch component 54 may be "latched" to a first binary state (e.g., a "high" logic value), or may be "reset" to a second binary state (e.g., a "low" logic value). Non-limiting examples of the latch component 54 may include, but are not limited to, a flip-flop circuit. Aspects of the present disclosure may be included in which the stable state of the latch component 54 may be maintained without requiring or requiring a relatively large amount of power. For example, in one case, the non-limiting latch component may use less than 10 microamperes of power (e.g., 33 microwatts of power at 3.3 volts) when latching a binary state.

[0033] The controller module 48 is also communicatively connected to at least one power sensor (e.g., current sensor 60) to receive a sensed or measured current value. The controller module 48 may also be connected to the first sensing resistor 44, the second sensing resistor 46, or a combination thereof and adapted to measure a voltage across the first sensing resistor 44, the second sensing resistor 46, or a combination thereof. In this sense, the controller module 48 may determine a sensed or measured voltage across the first sensing resistor 44, the second sensing resistor 46, or a combination thereof, or may be communicatively connected to a voltage sensor (not shown) adapted to sense or measure a voltage across the first sensing resistor 44, the second sensing resistor 46, or a combination thereof.

[0034] The controller module 48 may also be communicatively coupled to a remote control and monitoring system 56 that is operably configured to determine, command, or otherwise affect controllable energization of the set of electrical loads 20 via the set of switchable elements 34 or the power distribution node 16 (e.g., via determined or desired operating conditions of the power switches 36). The controller module 48 may also be energized or operably powered via a controller module power supply 58. Non-limiting aspects of the controller module power supply 58 may include a limited power supply, as explained herein.

[0035] Non-limiting examples of power distribution systems 30 may be included in which energizing or operatively powering the controller module 48, or similar energizing or operatively powering the controller module 48 to directly control the power switch 36, utilizes significantly more power than latching the power switch 36 via the latch component 54. In other words, operating the power switch 36 via the latch component 54 utilizes significantly less energy, power, power consumption, etc. than the controller module 48 directly operating the power switch 36 (e.g., consuming approximately 100 milliwatts of power). Thus, when the controller module power supply 58 is a limited power source, utilizing the latch component 54 in aspects of the present disclosure can reduce the discharge cycle of the controller module power supply 58 to a limited time period when the controller module 48 operation is needed or utilized. During non-essential or unused time periods, the controller module 48 can enter a "sleep" or "low power" operation, thereby significantly reducing or eliminating the discharge cycle of the controller module power supply 58. In one non-limiting example, the power consumption ratio of the "wake-up" or "high power" operation to the "sleep" or "low power" operation of the controller module 48 may be 7:1, 50:1, or greater. Thus, aspects of the present disclosure may be included in which the controller module 48 may significantly reduce the power consumption of a limited power source while still effectively continuing the operation of the power distribution node 16 or the group of switchable elements 34 utilizing the latch component 54.

[0036] In one non-limiting example, power source 32 may be a limited power source, a constant power source, or a combination thereof. In another non-limiting example, power source 32 and controller module power source 58 may be the same limited power source, or a combination of limited and constant power sources.

[0037] During operation of the power distribution system 30, the remote control and monitoring system 56 or the controller module 48 may be operatively charged with or responsible for decision-making activities regarding when to energize or de-energize the group of electrical loads 20, and the controller module 48 may be operatively charged with tasks affecting the output or control aspects of those decision-making activities. Additionally, while the decision to energize the group of electrical loads 20 may be determined by, for example, the remote control and monitoring system 56 or the controller module 48, aspects of the present disclosure may be included where, contrary to the determined decision, the controller module 48 may be operatively or effectively overruled or interrupted energization of the group of electrical loads 20, for example, in response to another consideration (such as an electrical fault, circuit safety considerations, etc.).

[0038] In the illustrated example configuration, a single power switch 36 or a group of switchable elements 34 can operably control the energization of the group of electrical loads 20 (e.g., as a common or unified group) based on a determined decision by the remote control and monitoring system 56 or the controller module 48. Additional examples can be included in which a group of power switches 36 or a group of switchable elements 34 can independently control the energization of a group of electrical loads 20 based on a set of determined decisions by the remote control and monitoring system 56 or the controller module 48. In this sense, the controller module 48 can operate the latch component 54 to implement the decision in response to the determined decision. For example, the decision to energize the electrical load 20 can be operably implemented by controllably latching the latch component 54 to a high logic state, which further operably closes the power switch 36 to supply power from the power source 32 to the outputs 40, 42 of the distribution node 16, and further to the group of electrical loads 20. Once the set of electrical loads 20 are powered on or in response to latching of the power switch 36 by the latch component 54 , the controller module 48 may enter a sleep or low power consumption state to reduce discharge cycles of the controller module power supply 58 .

[0039] The controller module 48 may further "wake up" from the sleep state at a later time. In one non-limiting example, the remote control and monitoring system 56 may "wake up" the controller module 48 by sending a dedicated wake-up signal, mode, instruction, input, interrupt, etc. that commands or otherwise controls the controller module 48 to re-enter an "active" (i.e., non-sleep or non-low power) operating state. The wake-up signal may be followed by further commands, instructions, etc. to effectuate the switching of the power on of the group of electrical loads 20. In another example, the wake-up signal may be followed by a command to confirm or re-confirm the power on of the group of electrical loads 20. In this sense, the controller module 48 may be awakened to instruct the latch component 54 to latch the power switch 36 from an open state to a closed state, to latch the power switch 36 from a closed state to an open state, or to re-confirm that the power switch 36 has been latched in the corresponding open or closed state since the last instruction or command of the controller module 48 received by the remote control and monitoring system 56.

[0040] In yet another non-limiting example, the controller module 48 may later "wake up" from the sleep state at a predetermined interval or during a set of predetermined intervals. For example, after being in the sleep state for a predetermined period of time, the controller module 48 may be configured to wake up to perform a limited number of operations before re-entering the sleep state. In one example, the limited number of operations may include sensing or measuring a power characteristic of at least one power sensor or a power characteristic at at least one power sensor. Sensing or measuring power characteristics may include, but are not limited to, sensing a current value through a current sensor 60, sensing a voltage across a first sensing resistor 44, sensing a voltage across a second sensing resistor 46, or a combination thereof. The controller module 48 may also be configured to, in response to sensing or measuring the set of power characteristics, compare the sensed power characteristics with a corresponding set of threshold power values ​​to ensure that the distribution node 16 operates as expected. In this sense, based on or in response to a comparison of the sensed power characteristics with the corresponding set of threshold power values, the desired operating condition of the power switch 36 may be determined and implemented, even when the desired operating condition of the power switch 36 is to confirm or reconfirm the operation of the desired latch component 54. In another non-limiting example, the controller module 48 may perform a limited number of operations, as explained herein, in response to being “woken up” by a remote system (eg, the remote control and monitoring system 56 ).

[0041] If one or more of the set of sensed power characteristics exceeds a corresponding threshold power value or power value range, the controller module 48 may determine a desired operating condition of the power switch 36, for example, based on or in response to a comparison of the sensed power characteristics with the corresponding set of threshold power values, and implement the determined desired operating condition of the power switch 36 by operably controlling the latch component 54 to latch to open the power switch 36, disconnecting the power connection from the power source 32 to the outputs 40, 42 of the power distribution node 16 and further to the set of electrical loads 20. Non-limiting examples of exceeding a corresponding threshold power value or power value range may include a value indicating an overcurrent (e.g., a current “trip”) value, or a value indicating an electrical fault in the power distribution system 30. The controller module 48 may then re-enter the sleep mode.

[0042] If none of the set of sensed power characteristics exceeds the corresponding threshold power value or power value range (e.g., the power distribution node 16 is operating as expected), the controller module 48 can then re-enter the sleep mode. In this sense, the controller module 48 can periodically and temporarily wake up from the sleep mode to query the set of power sensors and return to the sleep mode, limiting power consumption and limiting discharge from the controller module power supply 58 during active operation of the controller module 48.

[0043] In another non-limiting example, the controller module 48 can be awakened from the sleep state in response to a specific sensing or measurement signal. For example, the group of power sensors can be adapted or constructed to continuously or periodically sense or measure the corresponding power characteristics, and the sensing or measurement values ​​are provided to the controller module 48 regardless of the sleep or active state of the controller module 48. During the sleep state of the controller module 48, the controller module 48 can be constructed or adapted so that receiving a sensing or measurement value exceeding a predetermined threshold power value or value range can cause the controller module 48 to wake up from the sleep state. In a non-limiting example, receiving a sensing or measurement value exceeding a predetermined threshold power value or value range can cause or trigger a logic interrupt response in the controller module 48. After entering the active state, the controller module 48 can respond based on the corresponding sensed or measured power characteristics as needed, as explained herein. In another non-limiting example, the sensing or measurement value can be provided to the controller module 48, which ignores the sensing or measurement value when it is in the sleep state.

[0044] Figure 3Another power distribution system 130 is illustrated having another power distribution node 116. Power distribution system 130 is similar to power distribution system 30; therefore, like parts will be identified with like numerals increased by 100, it being understood that the description of like parts of power distribution system 30 applies to power distribution system 130 unless otherwise noted. Power distribution system 130 differs from power distribution system 30 in the control scheme and corresponding circuitry that implements the operation of power distribution node 116 or the set of switchable elements 134.

[0045] As shown, the control circuit 174 may include a first comparator 162 and a second comparator 164. The first comparator 162 may receive a first input (e.g., a sensed or measured current value) from the current sensor 160 and a second input, shown as a current trip reference value 166 indicating or representing a current trip value. In a first non-limiting example, the first comparator 162 may provide a comparison output to the latch 154 at a reset input 170. In another non-limiting example, the first comparator 162 may alternatively or additionally provide a comparison output to the controller module 148 via a communication line 176. The controller module 148 may provide a signal input to the latch component 154 at a latch set input 172.

[0046] As used herein, a current trip value represents a threshold or range indicating an overcurrent condition, thereby stopping or affecting control of the power distribution node 116 or the group of switchable elements 134 to prevent damage or an error condition of the power distribution system 130 or to prevent damage to the wires connected to the electrical load 20. The first comparator 162 output may include, for example, a binary output indicating whether the value of the current sensor 160 is greater than or less than the current trip reference value 166. In the event that the value of the current sensor 160 is greater than the current trip reference value 166, indicating that an excessive current (i.e., a trip current) is flowing through the group of switchable elements 134, the output of the first comparator 162 may be received by the latch component 154, for example, through the reset input 170, and the latch component 154 may control the power switch 136 to open and stop energizing the electrical load 20. Alternatively or in addition to the examples described herein, in the event that the value of the current sensor 160 is greater than the current trip reference value 166, indicating an excessive current, the output of the first comparator 162 may be received by the controller module 148 via the communication line 176. The controller module 148 may then controllably disable or prevent current carrying operation of the set of switchable elements 134 by operating the latch element 154 , the power switch 136 , the set of switchable elements 134 , the power distribution node 130 , or a combination thereof (e.g., by providing a signal to a latch set input 172 ).

[0047] The second comparator 164 may also receive a first input from the current sensor 160 and a second input in the form of an extended current value 168 representing a current value that, although less than the current trip reference value 166, would still result in damage to the power switch 136, the set of switchable elements 134, the power distribution node 130, the conductor, or a combination thereof if sustained for an "extended" or appreciable amount of time. The second comparator 164 may provide a comparison output to the controller module 148 via the communication line 178. As used herein, the satisfaction of the comparison between the current value sensed or measured by the current sensor 160 and the extended current value 168 generates a "wake-up" command at the second comparator 164, which is communicated to the controller module 148 via the communication line 178. As explained herein, the controller module 148 may be constructed, adapted, etc. to wake up from a sleep or low power state in response to a wake-up command on the communication line 178. Although not shown, aspects of the present disclosure may be included wherein the output of the second comparator 164 may be provided directly to the latch element 154 and current carrying operation may be controllably disabled or prevented by the group of switchable elements 134 by operating the latch element 154, the power switch 136, the group of switchable elements 134, the power distribution node 130, or a combination thereof.

[0048] Thus, non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure may be included in which, in addition to delivering a dedicated wake-up command to the controller module 148 to wake up only when needed, two overcurrent protections may be enabled. Additionally, although not shown, Figure 2 Aspects of the power distribution node 16 (e.g., the set of sense resistors 44, 46) may include Figure 3 of the power distribution node 116, ensuring that the power distribution node 16 operates as expected, as described herein.

[0049] Figure 4 Another power distribution system 230 is shown having another power distribution node 216. The power distribution system 230 is similar to Figure 2 thus, like parts will be identified by like numerals increased by 200, and it should be understood that the description of like parts of the distribution system 30 applies to the distribution system 230 unless otherwise stated. The distribution system 230 differs from the distribution system 30 in the control scheme and the corresponding circuitry that implements the operation of the distribution node 116 or the group of switchable elements 134.

[0050] As shown, the optional capacitor 282 can be arranged downstream of one or each of the corresponding first sensing resistors 44 or second sensing resistors 46. Additionally or alternatively, the optional diode 280 can be arranged upstream of one or each of the corresponding first sensing resistors 44 or second sensing resistors 46. In this sense, the capacitor 282 can provide a short-term voltage source to maintain the voltage output for a short period of time. In addition, the optional diode 280 can be operable to reduce the risk of regenerative feedback between the parallel distribution node outputs 40, 42.

[0051] Non-limiting aspects of the present disclosure allow or enable the advantages of the power distribution system 30, 130 or the set of switchable elements 34, 134 to be used for continuous use from a limited time power source through a low power consumption mode. The technical effect is that the above aspects enable the power distribution node to operate continuously for a longer period of time without depleting power or a limited time power source that powers or energizes the controllable operation of the power distribution node or by consuming less power or a limited time power source that powers or energizes the controllable operation of the power distribution node.

[0052] Solid-state switching elements are becoming the preferred method for power distribution and protection, especially in weight and volume sensitive applications (such as aircraft) because they offer many advantages over fuses and electromechanical power protection devices (such as circuit breakers), including tightly controlled protection characteristics, power monitoring and remote control. However, unlike fuses and most circuit breakers, the traditional approach of using a computing engine or controller module to provide protection, monitoring and control functions includes a continuous power requirement during operation. When considering powering a large number of distribution nodes or multiple groups of switchable elements in a large power distribution system (including but not limited to aircraft power distribution systems) from batteries for a long time, the power requirements of the traditional approach grow significantly.

[0053] One advantage that can be achieved in the above aspects is that the above aspects allow or enable consideration of such distribution nodes or groups of switchable elements as replacements for traditional fuses and circuit breakers, which have the highly desirable ability to allow circuits to be powered without actually consuming any power when the electrical load demand is zero (e.g., when the electrical load is not powered). In addition, it enables or allows consideration of such distribution nodes or groups of switchable elements for high voltage direct current (DC) circuits (e.g., 270 VDC or higher) that require very low switchable element power consumption. These high voltage DC circuits cannot be conveniently served by circuit breakers due to the difficulty of breaking DC arcs.

[0054] Yet another advantage of aspects of the present disclosure may include overall lower power consumption of distribution nodes or switchable element assemblies, while still allowing or enabling overcurrent protection, etc., as described herein. Lower power consumption may improve overall power system electrical consumption, or lower heat dissipation requirements, thereby allowing for a more efficient system. Reduced power consumption and operating a more efficient system is desirable in power distribution systems with limited generation, power storage, etc.

[0055] The described order is for illustrative purposes only and is not meant to limit aspects of the present disclosure in any way, as it should be understood that without diminishing the described disclosure, the various parts of the present disclosure may be performed in a different logical order, may include additional or intermediate parts, or the described parts of the present disclosure (or their operating methods) may be divided into multiple parts, or the described parts may be omitted.

[0056] Many other possible aspects, configurations, etc., in addition to those shown in the above figures, are also contemplated by the present disclosure. In addition, the design and placement of the various components can be rearranged so that a variety of different in-line configurations can be achieved.

[0057] The aspects disclosed herein provide a device and method for controlling a power distribution node having a group of power switches. The technical effect is that the above aspects realize the control, operation, switchability, etc. of a power distribution node having a group of power switches.

[0058] To the extent not yet described, the different features and structures of each aspect can be used in combination with each other as needed. A feature that cannot be described in all aspects does not mean that it cannot be included, but is done so for the sake of brevity of description. Therefore, various features of different aspects can be mixed and matched as needed to form new aspects, whether or not the new aspects are explicitly described. Combinations or arrangements of the features described herein are covered by the present disclosure.

[0059] This written description uses examples to disclose aspects of the disclosure, including the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice aspects of the disclosure, including making and using any device or system and performing any incorporated method. The patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to one skilled in the art. These other examples are intended to fall within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements that do not differ substantially from the literal language of the claims.

[0060] Further aspects of the invention are provided by the subject matter of the following clauses:

[0061] A method for operating a power switch in a distribution node that is controllably operated by a controller module, the method comprising: operably entering a low power consumption mode of the controller module when a latch component has latched a control output of the power switch; receiving a power characteristic of the distribution node through the controller module in the low power consumption mode; comparing the power characteristic with a threshold power characteristic value, and operably entering a normal power consumption mode of the controller module when the comparison is satisfied, the normal power consumption mode consuming more power than the low power consumption mode; in response to the power characteristic, determining an expected power switch operating condition through the controller module in the normal power consumption mode, and achieving the determined expected power switch operating condition by controllably instructing the latch component to latch the control output according to the determined expected power switch operating condition; and operably re-entering the low power consumption mode of the controller module.

[0062] A method as in any preceding clause, wherein the controller module is powered by a limited supply power source.

[0063] A method as in any preceding clause, wherein the limited supply power source is a dischargeable power source.

[0064] A method as in any preceding clause, wherein the power characteristic of the power distribution node is at least one of a voltage value or a current value.

[0065] A method as in any preceding clause, wherein satisfying the comparison is an indication that the voltage value exceeds a threshold voltage value.

[0066] The method according to any of the preceding clauses further includes operably entering the normal power consumption mode of the controller module before receiving the power characteristic, comparing the power characteristic with a threshold power characteristic value, and operably re-entering the low power consumption mode of the controller module when the comparison fails to be met.

[0067] A method as in any preceding clause, wherein entering the normal power consumption mode operable to receive the power characteristic value occurs at a set of predetermined intervals.

[0068] A method as in any preceding clause, wherein entering the normal power consumption mode operable to receive the power characteristic value is based on receiving an encoded instruction received at a power sensor configured to sense the power characteristic.

[0069] A method as in any preceding clause, further comprising encoding the instructions to operably enter the normal power consumption mode of the controller module upstream of the power distribution node, and transmitting the encoded instructions to the power distribution node via power conductors.

[0070] A method as in any preceding clause, further comprising receiving in a control circuit configured to compare the power characteristic to a threshold power characteristic value and, when the comparison is satisfied, operably instruct the power switch to open to stop the flow of power.

[0071] A method according to any of the preceding clauses, wherein the control circuit is further constructed to compare the power characteristic with a predetermined coded instruction, and when the comparison between the power characteristic and the predetermined coded instruction is satisfied, controllably operate the controller module to enter the normal power consumption mode.

[0072] A power distribution node, comprising: a power switch, the power switch being controllably operable to supply energy from an input to an output when the power switch is closed, and not supplying energy from the input to the output when the power switch is open; a latch component, the latch component being controllably operable to latch a binary control output connected to the power switch, and being operable to controllably close and open the power switch; a controller module, the controller module being adapted to operate in a normal power consumption mode and a low power consumption mode, the normal power consumption mode consuming more power than the low power consumption mode, and being configured to be controllably operable in the normal power consumption mode controllably operate the latch component to latch the binary control output; a limited supply power source, the limited supply power source is connected to the controller module and powers the controller module; and a control circuit, the control circuit is constructed to sense the power characteristics of the power distribution node, and when the comparison between the power characteristics and the power characteristic threshold is met, instruct the controller module to enter the normal power consumption mode from the low power consumption mode; wherein, when in the normal power consumption mode, the controller module is further constructed to re-enter the low power consumption mode after controllably operating the latch component to latch the binary control output.

[0073] A power distribution node as described in any preceding clause wherein the limited supply power source is a dischargeable power source.

[0074] A power distribution node as in any preceding clause, wherein the power characteristic threshold represents at least one of an overcurrent condition of the power distribution node or an electrical fault of the power distribution node.

[0075] A power distribution node as in any preceding clause, wherein the controller module is further configured to enter a normal power consumption mode from a low power consumption mode at a set of predetermined intervals.

[0076] A power distribution node according to any preceding clause, wherein the control circuit is further configured to compare the power characteristic with a predetermined wake-up code and, when the comparison is satisfied, instruct the controller module to enter the normal power consumption mode from the low power consumption mode.

[0077] A power distribution node as described in any preceding clause, wherein when the comparison of the power characteristic to the power characteristic threshold is satisfied, the control circuit is configured to operably reset the latch component to controllably open the power switch.

[0078] A power distribution node as in any preceding clause, wherein the latch component is configured to ensure that the binary control output remains latched until reset.

[0079] A power distribution node as described in any preceding clause, further comprising a set of power switches operably connected to a corresponding set of power distribution node outputs and a corresponding set of latch components operably connected to the set of power switches.

[0080] A power distribution node as in any preceding clause, wherein the control circuit is configured to sense a power characteristic associated with each respective power distribution node output, and wherein the controller module is configured to independently operate the set of latch components.

Claims

1. A method of operating a power switch having an input and an output in a power distribution node controllably operated by a controller module, characterized in that, The method comprises: connecting a capacitor between the output of the power switch and electrical ground; electrically coupling a diode in series between the output of the power switch and an output of the power distribution node; When the latch component has latched the control output of the power switch, entering a low power consumption mode of the controller module; receiving, by the controller module in the low power consumption mode, power characteristics of the power distribution node; comparing the power characteristic to a threshold power characteristic value and, when the comparison is satisfied, operatively entering a normal power consumption mode of the controller module, the normal power consumption mode consuming more power than the low power consumption mode; In response to the power characteristic, determining, by the controller module in the normal power consumption mode, a desired power switch operating condition, and implementing the determined desired power switch operating condition by controllably instructing the latch component to latch the control output according to the determined desired power switch operating condition; and Re-enter the low power consumption mode of the controller module.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Wherein the controller module is powered by a limited supply power source.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that Wherein the limited supply power source is a dischargeable power source.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The power characteristic of the power distribution node is at least one of a voltage value or a current value.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that Wherein satisfying the comparison is an indication that the voltage value exceeds a threshold voltage value.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Further comprising operably entering the normal power consumption mode of the controller module prior to receiving the power characteristic, comparing the power characteristic to a threshold power characteristic value, and operably re-entering a low power consumption mode of the controller module when the comparison is not satisfied.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Wherein entering the normal power consumption mode operable to receive the power characteristic occurs at a set of predetermined intervals.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that Wherein entering the normal power consumption mode operable to receive the power characteristic is based on receiving an encoded instruction received at a power sensor configured to sense the power characteristic.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that Further included encoding the instructions to operably enter the normal power consumption mode of the controller module upstream of the power distribution node and transmitting the encoded instructions to the power distribution node via power conductors.

10. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Further included is receiving in a control circuit configured to compare the power characteristic to a threshold power characteristic value and, when the comparison is satisfied, operably instruct the power switch to open to stop the flow of power.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The control circuit is further configured to compare the power characteristic with a predetermined coding instruction, and controllably operate the controller module to enter the normal power consumption mode when the comparison between the power characteristic and the predetermined coding instruction is satisfied.

12. A power distribution node, characterized in that: include: a power switch controllably operable to supply energy from an input to an output when the power switch is closed and not to supply energy from the input to the output when the power switch is open; a capacitor coupled between the output of the power switch and electrical ground; a diode electrically connected in series between an output of the power switch and an output of the power distribution node; a latch component controllably operable to latch a binary control output connected to the power switch and operable to controllably close and open the power switch; a controller module adapted to operate in a normal power consumption mode and a low power consumption mode, the normal power consumption mode consuming more power than the low power consumption mode, and configured to controllably operate the latch component to latch the binary control output in the normal power consumption mode; A limited power supply, the limited power supply is connected to the controller module and powers the controller module; as well as a control circuit configured to sense a power characteristic of the power distribution node and, when a comparison of the power characteristic with a power characteristic threshold is satisfied, instruct the controller module to enter the normal power consumption mode from the low power consumption mode; Wherein, when in the normal power consumption mode, the controller module is further configured to re-enter the low power consumption mode after controllably operating the latch component to latch the binary control output.

13. The power distribution node according to claim 12, characterized in that: Wherein the limited supply power source is a dischargeable power source.

14. The power distribution node according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: The power characteristic threshold represents at least one of an overcurrent condition of the power distribution node or an electrical fault of the power distribution node.

15. The power distribution node according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: The controller module is further configured to enter the normal power consumption mode from the low power consumption mode at a set of predetermined intervals.

16. The power distribution node according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: The control circuit is further configured to compare the power characteristic with a predetermined wake-up code, and when the comparison is satisfied, instruct the controller module to enter the normal power consumption mode from the low power consumption mode.

17. The power distribution node according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: Wherein when the comparison of the power characteristic with the power characteristic threshold is satisfied, the control circuit is configured to operably reset the latch component to controllably open the power switch.

18. The power distribution node according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: Wherein the latch component is configured to ensure that the binary control output remains latched until reset.

19. The power distribution node according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that: Further comprising a set of power switches operably connected to a corresponding set of distribution node outputs, a corresponding set of latch components operably connected to the set of power switches, and a set of diodes electrically coupled in series between the outputs of the corresponding power switches and the outputs of the distribution nodes.

20. The power distribution node according to claim 19, characterized in that: Wherein the control circuit is configured to sense a power characteristic associated with each respective power distribution node output, and wherein the controller module is configured to independently operate the set of latch components.

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