Optimization method of net zero energy building microgrid considering comprehensive benefits

Abstract

The present invention discloses a net zero energy building microgrid optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefits. It includes the following steps: Step 1: Obtain the solar irradiation data, building area, photovoltaic module installation area, expected load data, and time-of-use electricity price mechanism of the target building in each quarter of the typical day in the area where the target building is located; Step 2: Determine the parameters to be optimized and establish a mixed integer linear programming model for the net zero energy building; Step 3: Define the objective function to be optimized so that the difference between the incremental benefit S and the incremental cost C is maximized; Step 4: Define the constraints; Step 5: Apply the mixed integer linear programming solver to calculate and solve, and obtain the power dispatching plan of the net zero energy building; and further derive the optimal design parameters of the building, including the laying plan of photovoltaic modules and energy storage equipment, and the power trading plan with the power grid. The present invention has the advantage of achieving energy conservation and emission reduction of net zero energy buildings under the dual carbon goals.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of new energy energy-saving buildings, and more specifically, it is a net zero energy building microgrid optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefits. More specifically, it is a net zero energy building energy-saving design and optimization scheduling method considering the best comprehensive benefits, and it is a net zero energy building optimization energy-saving operation plan with the comprehensive benefits of the building as the optimization target. Background Art

[0002] Cities are laboratories for the development of buildings, and smart buildings are the cornerstones of the vitality of smart cities. Buildings can transform from simple energy consumers to contributors supporting large-scale clean energy access, integrating energy use, production capacity, and energy storage. In recent years, the concept of net zero energy buildings has been proposed, which is defined as buildings whose total annual energy consumption is approximately equal to the amount of renewable energy produced on site or elsewhere.

[0003] In addition to the structural design of the passive building itself, net-zero energy buildings in the new energy era also include the optimized configuration of photovoltaic and energy storage systems. In recent years, domestic universities, research institutes, and enterprises have gradually carried out research and construction of net-zero energy buildings. Invention patent CN110112783A discloses a photovoltaic battery microgrid dispatching and control method, which takes into account the impact of time-of-use electricity prices and improves the economy of building operation. Invention patent CN110690855A discloses a dynamic control method for an integrated energy system. The above research mainly optimizes the configuration with the goal of optimizing the operation of the microgrid and optimizing the overall cost and benefits of the investor.

[0004] In general, existing net zero energy buildings are mainly studied from the following two aspects: the structure of passive buildings and the cost-effectiveness of the entire life cycle, or the optimization scheduling and capacity configuration of building microgrids. In fact, when designing a building, it is necessary to consider not only the above two aspects, but also the positive or negative impact of the building on the economy, society, and environment.

[0005] The total energy consumption and carbon emissions of buildings account for more than 30% of the total carbon emissions in China. How to make buildings more energy-efficient is a hot topic. Generally speaking, the carbon emissions of net-zero energy buildings and their benefits to the environment and society are inversely proportional to the cost of investment in the construction and operation stages.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a net zero energy building microgrid optimization method that considers the optimal comprehensive benefits. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a net zero energy building microgrid optimization method that takes into account the optimal comprehensive benefits, so as to achieve the optimal comprehensive benefits of net zero energy buildings and achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is: a net zero energy consumption building microgrid optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefits, characterized in that: it includes the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Obtain the solar radiation data, building area, area available for photovoltaic module installation, estimated load data, and time-of-use electricity price mechanism of the target building in each quarter.

[0010] Step 2: Determine the parameters to be optimized and establish a mixed integer linear programming model for a net zero energy building;

[0011] Step 3: Define the objective function to be optimized to maximize the difference between the incremental benefit S and the incremental cost C.

[0012] Step 4: Define constraints;

[0013] Step 5: Apply the mixed integer linear programming solver to calculate and solve the problem, and obtain the electricity optimization (dispatching) plan for the net zero energy building; and further derive the optimal design parameters of the building, including the layout plan of photovoltaic components and energy storage equipment, and the electricity trading plan with the power grid (purchasing and selling electricity from the power grid).

[0014] In the above technical solution, in step 2, the parameters that need to be optimized include: the photovoltaic installed capacity required for the target building, the capacity of the energy storage equipment, the charging and discharging amount of the energy storage in each period, the initial charge state of the energy storage battery, the amount of electricity purchased and sold from the power grid in each period, and the charging period of electric vehicles.

[0015] In the above technical solution, in step 3, the incremental benefits include the incremental economic benefits S brought by the target building. ec , considering the incremental environmental benefits of harmful gas emissions S en , and the incremental social benefit S of saving electricity investment for society so ;

[0016] The incremental cost mainly includes the construction cost of the net zero energy building C n-build , the cost of buying and selling electricity from the power grid C grid , Operation and maintenance cost C op .

[0017] In the above technical solution, the incremental economic benefit S brought by the target building ec The calculation method is as follows:

[0018] S ec =S ec1 +S ec2 (1)

[0019]

[0020]

[0021]

[0022] In formulas (1) to (4), Q pv The annual power generation obtained by the building through its own photovoltaic components, unit: kWh / year; λ 1 and λ 2 is the power generation coefficient of the building top and the sun-facing facade, G st is the standard reference value of solar irradiance; considering the time-of-use electricity price mechanism, I pur The electricity purchase cost of the power grid that can be saved in each period, unit: yuan / kWh; I C P is the carbon trading fee that can be saved in each period through the building's own photovoltaic power generation, unit: yuan / kWh; n is the number of hours in a year; P pv The amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels required for the target building;

[0023] Incremental environmental benefits S considering harmful gas emissions en , the calculation method is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] In formula (5), j is the type of harmful gas, m is the total number of harmful gas types, G harm The amount of harmful gases emitted to produce 1kWh of coal-fired power, unit: tons / kWh; I harm The cost of treating various harmful gases, unit: yuan / ton; η is the proportion of coal-fired power in the total power generation in the region; s is the total floor area of ​​net zero energy buildings, unit: m 2 ;s c The construction area of ​​energy-saving structures in buildings, unit: m 2 ; ε is the energy-saving design coefficient;

[0026] Incremental social benefit S so The calculation method is as follows:

[0027]

[0028] In formula (6), γ is the unit price of comprehensive social benefits of electricity saving (unit: yuan / kWh), τ is the social benefit coefficient generated by energy-saving structure (unit: yuan / m 2 ).

[0029] In the above technical solution, the cost of buying and selling electricity from the grid is C grid The calculation method is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] In formula (11), P buy P is the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid by the building at each time period. sell is the amount of electricity sold to the grid in each period (unit: kWh), C buy and C sell The time-of-use electricity purchase and sales prices in the region (unit: yuan / kWh);

[0032] Operation and maintenance cost C op The calculation method is as follows:

[0033] C op =a·P pv +b·CA store +c·s (13)

[0034] In formula (12), a, b, and c are the operation and maintenance costs of unit photovoltaic panels, energy storage equipment, and net zero energy buildings, respectively.

[0035] In the above technical solution, in step 4, the constraints mainly include: charging and discharging constraints of energy storage batteries, charging constraints of electric vehicles, constraints on the area of ​​photovoltaic modules that can be installed in the building, constraints on the balance of electricity in each time period, constraints on electricity purchase and sales, and constraints on the annual electricity purchase from the power grid of net zero energy buildings being equal to the electricity sales, and constraints on the building area of ​​energy-saving structures.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0037] (1) The present invention establishes a mixed integer linear programming model for a net zero energy building that comprehensively considers the building structure itself and the optimized operation of the building distribution network, obtains the optimized operation and power dispatching method of the target building, and realizes the guiding design scheme for the net zero energy building;

[0038] (2) The present invention can balance the minimization of investment costs with the maximization of the incremental benefits of buildings to society, the economy, and the environment. It can not only reduce investment and operating costs and the electricity purchase fees paid to the power grid, but also optimize the scheduling of new energy technologies to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction of net zero energy buildings;

[0039] (3) The present invention integrates the two perspectives of optimized operation of net-zero energy buildings and optimized operation of new energy microgrids, considers the impact of the building on the economy, society and environment, establishes a corresponding mathematical model, and proposes a method for optimized operation and power dispatching of net-zero energy buildings that takes into account the best comprehensive benefits; the present invention can weigh the pros and cons of the carbon emissions and investment costs of a building through mathematical modeling and solving optimization algorithms, so as to obtain the optimal solution for design and operation; it overcomes the problem that the existing technology mainly conducts energy-saving design from the perspective of building manufacturing, or only performs optimization control and management based on a simple energy system, and the methods considered in the existing technology are relatively one-sided. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of the net zero energy building distribution network of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the method for laying photovoltaic modules in the building of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 3 It is a process flow chart of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 4 Graph showing hourly electricity load (four typical days) of a building in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 5 A diagram of an electricity transaction scheme between an embodiment of the present invention and a power grid.

[0045] Figure 6 4 is a comprehensive benefit comparison diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] exist Figure 5 In the figure, (a) represents the electricity trading scheme between the method of the present invention and the power grid; (b) represents the electricity trading scheme between the method without considering the optimal comprehensive benefit and the power grid.

[0047] In the figure, 1- building roof / top photovoltaic components, 2- energy storage system, 3- electric vehicle, 4- central control system, 5- external power grid, 6- power public bus, 7- communication bus, 8- first AC / DC converter, 9- second AC / DC converter, 10- third AC / DC converter, 11- DC / DC converter, 12- fourth AC / DC converter, 13- other loads. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] The following is a detailed description of the implementation of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but they do not constitute a limitation of the present invention and are only used as examples. At the same time, the advantages of the present invention are made clearer and easier to understand through the description.

[0049] The present invention proposes a net zero energy building microgrid optimization method considering the optimal comprehensive benefit. First, a mixed integer linear programming model of a net zero energy building is established, and the difference between the incremental benefit and the incremental cost of the net zero energy building is defined as the comprehensive benefit, with the maximum optimization target of the comprehensive benefit, and the main constraint that the target building's annual power purchase from the power grid is equal to the power sales; then, according to the total building area of ​​the building, the area where photovoltaic modules can be laid, the different photoelectric conversion efficiencies of the roof / wall, etc., the photovoltaic installed capacity, energy storage equipment capacity, energy storage charging and discharging capacity, power purchase and sales and other parameters and operation scheduling schemes required by the building are solved; finally, the optimal comprehensive benefit of the net zero energy building is achieved.

[0050] Figure 1Schematic diagram of the building power distribution system of the present invention. The building power distribution system mainly includes a building roof / top photovoltaic assembly 1, an energy storage system 2, an electric car 3, a central control system 4, an external power grid 5, a power common bus 6 and a communication bus 7. Among them, the roof / top photovoltaic assembly 1 and the energy storage system 2 are connected to the power common bus 6 through the first AC / DC converter 8 and the second AC / DC converter 9 respectively, the electric car 3 is connected to the power common bus 6 through the third AC / DC converter 10, and other loads 13 are connected to 6 through the fourth AC / DC converter 12. The energy storage system 2 is connected to the electric car 3 through a DC / DC converter 11. In addition, there is also an electrical connection between the external power grid 5 and the power common bus 6. The central control system 4 receives and collects information from other components through the communication bus 7, and sends corresponding control signals.

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of photovoltaic panels for a net zero energy building. Figure 2 In the figure, A represents sunlight; B represents the photovoltaic modules on the roof of the building (the installation area of ​​the photovoltaic modules on the roof of the building is s 1 ); C represents the photovoltaic modules on the sunny facade of the building (the laying area of ​​the photovoltaic modules on the sunny facade of the building is s 2 );

[0052] Photovoltaic modules are mainly laid on the top and sunny facades of buildings. They are laid on the top of buildings at the optimal photovoltaic module inclination angle for the target area. The laying area is s 1 , the laying area of ​​the sunny facade is s 2 , the other part of the building area is s 3 .

[0053] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of the method for optimizing the operation and power dispatching of a net zero energy building. The specific steps are as follows:

[0054] Step S1: Obtain typical daily solar radiation data, building area, maximum building area where photovoltaic modules can be installed, estimated load data and time-of-use electricity price mechanism in the area where the target building is located;

[0055] Step S2: Determine the parameters to be optimized and establish a mixed integer linear programming model. Taking a typical day in each quarter as an example, the required decision variables include the photovoltaic module installed capacity P required for the building pv (Unit: kWh / m 2 ), Energy storage equipment capacity CA store (Unit: kWh), the charge and discharge amount of energy storage in each period P charge and P discharge (unit: kWh), the initial state of charge SOC of the energy storage battery (unit: kWh), and the amount of electricity purchased and sold from the power grid at each time period P buy and Psell (Unit: kWh), electric vehicle charging capacity per hour P ev (Unit: kWh);

[0056] Step S3: Define the optimization target as maximizing the comprehensive benefit W, which is the difference between the incremental benefit S and the incremental cost C. More specifically, the incremental benefit S (unit: yuan / year) in the present invention includes the incremental economic benefit S brought by the target building. ec (Unit: Yuan / year), incremental environmental benefits S en (Unit: Yuan / year), incremental social benefits S so (Unit: Yuan / year) Three main indicators. Among them, the incremental economic benefit S ec Defined as the economic benefit S that investors gain from a net zero energy building ec1 and the carbon trading costs that can be saved ec2 :

[0057] S ec =S ec1 +S ec2 (1)

[0058]

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] In formulas (1) to (4), Q pv is the annual power generation obtained by the building through its own photovoltaic components (unit: kWh / year), (i) represents the power generation per hour, which is accumulated to n to represent the annual power generation; λ 1 and λ 2 is the power generation coefficient of the building top and the sun-facing facade, G st is the standard reference value of solar irradiance, and H is the solar irradiance at each target building. Considering the time-of-use electricity price mechanism, I pur is the electricity purchase cost of the power grid that can be saved in each period (unit: yuan / kWh), (i) represents the electricity purchase cost per hour, and the cumulative total to n represents the annual electricity purchase cost; the proportion of clean energy in the power grid in each region, the CO generated by coal-fired power 2 Emissions, carbon emissions price, and I C is the carbon trading fee that can be saved in each period through the building's own photovoltaic power generation (unit: yuan / kWh); n is the number of hours in a year; s 1 is the installation area of ​​photovoltaic modules on the roof of the building; s 2 P is the installation area of ​​photovoltaic modules on the sunny facade of the building; pv The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels required for the building;

[0062] The environmental benefits that a net zero energy building can bring to the atmosphere are defined as S en :

[0063]

[0064] The harmful gases produced by coal combustion mainly include NO x , SO 2 ,CO,CO 2 wait;

[0065] In formula (5), j is the type of harmful gas, m is the total number of harmful gas types, n is the number of hours in a year, G harm The amount of harmful gases emitted to produce 1kWh of coal-fired power (unit: tons / kWh), I harm is the cost of treating various types of harmful gases (unit: yuan / ton), η is the proportion of coal-fired power in the total power generation in the region. s is the total floor area of ​​net zero energy buildings (unit: m 2 ), s c is the construction area of ​​energy-saving structures in buildings (unit: m 2 ), ε is the energy-saving design coefficient; (i) and (j) are both cumulative process quantities; s c is the construction area of ​​energy-saving structures in buildings (unit: m 2 );P pv The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels required for the building.

[0066] The incremental social benefit is S so , that is, the social benefits generated by socially saved electricity investment and energy-saving structure:

[0067]

[0068] In formula (6), γ is the unit price of comprehensive social benefits of electricity saving (unit: yuan / kWh); τ is the social benefit coefficient generated by energy-saving structure (unit: yuan / m 2 ); n is the number of hours in a year; P pv The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels required for the building; c is the construction area of ​​energy-saving structures in buildings (unit: m 2 ).

[0069] The incremental cost is mainly the construction cost of the net zero energy building C n-build , the cost of buying and selling electricity from the power grid C grid , Operation and maintenance cost C opThe construction cost is mainly considered from two aspects: in terms of distribution network construction, it includes the cost of photovoltaic equipment, energy storage equipment, and grid transformation; in terms of passive buildings, it includes the cost of doors and walls, roof insulation structure, energy-saving appliances, etc. of building energy-saving technology. The above cost expenditures are converted into an equivalent annual investment cost. The unit of incremental cost in this invention is RMB / year.

[0070] Photovoltaic modules are mainly installed on the top and south sides of buildings. The area available for installation on the top of a building is defined as s. 1 , the area available for laying on the south side is s 2 , other building area is s 3 Therefore, the total floor area of ​​the net zero energy building is s (unit: m 2 )for:

[0071] s=s 1 +s 2 +s 3 (7)

[0072] Photovoltaic module cost C pv (Unit: Yuan / year) is:

[0073] C pv =(s 1 +s 2 )I pv (8)

[0074] In formula (7) and (8), I pv The annual cost of building photovoltaic modules per square meter (unit: yuan / year·m 2 );s 1 is the installation area of ​​photovoltaic modules on the building roof; s 2 The installation area of ​​photovoltaic modules on the sunny facade of the building;

[0075] Energy storage equipment construction cost C store (Unit: Yuan / year) is:

[0076] C store =CA store I store (9)

[0077] In formula (9), CA store is the capacity of the energy storage device (unit: kWh), I store is the equivalent annual cost of the energy storage equipment (unit: yuan / year·kWh).

[0078] Construction cost of a net zero energy buildingC n-build The calculation method is as follows:

[0079] C n-build =C pv +C store+C build (10)

[0080] In formula (10), C store The construction cost of energy storage equipment; C build Energy-efficient structural construction costs for net-zero energy buildings; C pv is the cost of PV modules;

[0081] Energy-saving structure construction cost of a net zero energy building C build (Unit: Yuan / year) is:

[0082] C build =s c I build (11)

[0083] In formula (11), I build The construction cost of energy-saving structure per square meter (unit: yuan / year·m 2 );s c is the construction area of ​​energy-saving structures in buildings (unit: m 2 ).

[0084] The annual electricity purchase and sales cost of the building is C grid (Unit: Yuan / year):

[0085]

[0086] In formula (12), P buy P is the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid by the building at each time period. sell is the amount of electricity sold to the grid in each period (unit: kWh), C buy and C sell The time-of-use electricity purchase and sales prices in the region (unit: yuan / kWh); (i) and (j) are cumulative process quantities; n is the number of hours in a year.

[0087] The building operation and maintenance cost is C op (Unit: Yuan / year):

[0088] C op =a·P pv +bCA store +c·s (13)

[0089] In formula (13), a, b, and c are the operation and maintenance costs of unit photovoltaic panels, energy storage equipment, and net zero energy buildings, respectively; CA store is the capacity of the energy storage equipment (unit: kWh); s is the total floor area of ​​the net zero energy building; P pv The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels required for the building.

[0090] Step S4: The specific constraints are:

[0091] (1) Energy storage battery charging and discharging constraints: including upper and lower limit constraints P charge-max , P charge-min , charge and discharge efficiency, and initial state of charge (SOC) constraints for a typical day.

[0092] (2) Electric vehicle charging constraints: including total charging amount constraints for each typical day and maximum charging amount constraints.

[0093] (3) Constraints on the area of ​​buildings that can be used to install photovoltaic modules: The total photovoltaic power generation should not exceed the maximum power generation of photovoltaic modules currently on the market.

[0094] (4) Electricity balance constraint in each time period: that is, source-grid-load-storage balance constraint.

[0095] (5) The annual power grid purchase amount is equal to the power sales amount constraint: The sum of the power grid purchase amount on each typical day of the year ΣP buy The sum of the building's electricity sales ΣP sell equal.

[0096] (6) Energy-saving structure building area constraint: Energy-saving structure building area s c Less than the total floor area of ​​a net zero energy building s.

[0097] Step S5: Use an optimization solver to solve steps S1 to S4 (the optimization solver is a prior art), and finally obtain an energy-saving design and optimization method for a net zero energy building.

[0098] Example

[0099] The maximum photovoltaic panel area that can be laid on the roof of a building according to the optimal photovoltaic module inclination angle is 200 square meters, and the maximum photovoltaic panel area that can be laid on the sunny facade is 100 square meters. The hourly power load of the building on four typical days in spring, summer, autumn and winter in a certain year is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0100] The power optimization method of the building using the present invention, the method without considering the optimal comprehensive benefit, the photovoltaic laying scheme of the non-intelligent building energy-saving method, the capacity configuration scheme of the energy storage equipment (Table 1), and the power transaction scheme with the power grid (Table 2) are given respectively. Figure 5 ), and the comprehensive benefit comparison results ( Figure 6 ).

[0101] Table 1 Photovoltaic laying plan and energy storage equipment capacity configuration plan

[0102]

[0103] According to Table 1, ordinary non-intelligent buildings are not equipped with energy-saving technologies such as photovoltaics, energy storage, and flexible energy use; the method that does not consider the best comprehensive benefit is configured according to the maximum photovoltaic module area that can be laid (200 m2 on the top surface and 100 m2 on the sunny facade) and the maximum energy storage capacity of 50 kWh; the maximum laying area of ​​the top photovoltaic module optimized by the method of the present invention is 200 m2, the sunny facade is 81 m2, and the energy storage capacity is 30 kWh.

[0104] All electricity used by non-smart buildings is purchased from the power grid, so no further electricity trading plan is given with the power grid.

[0105] Figure 5 The transaction volume between different schemes and the power grid is given. Figure 5 It can be seen that the method that does not consider the best comprehensive benefit (such as Figure 5 (b)) does not involve selling electricity to the grid, but only buying electricity from the grid; the method of the present invention optimizes the time-of-use electricity price mechanism of the area where the building is located, and obtains the optimal electricity trading schemes for four typical days, such as Figure 5 As shown in (a), the method of the present invention conducts power purchase and sale transactions with the power grid in each time period, continuously optimizes the power purchase and sale transaction plan with the power grid, and achieves the purpose of optimizing comprehensive benefits.

[0106] according to Figure 6 It can be seen that under the same energy load, the comprehensive benefit of ordinary non-intelligent buildings in this embodiment in four typical days is -79 yuan. This embodiment adopts a method that does not consider the best comprehensive benefit, that is, energy-saving equipment is configured according to conventional technology, but because the comprehensive benefit is not taken as the optimization target, the comprehensive benefit obtained is 123 yuan. This embodiment adopts the smart building power optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefit described in the present invention to obtain a comprehensive benefit of 290 yuan. In the comparison of the above three methods, the present invention can achieve the greatest comprehensive benefit.

[0107] Other parts not described belong to the prior art.

Claims

1. A net zero energy building microgrid optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefits, characterized by: The steps include: Step 1: Obtain the solar radiation data, building area, area available for photovoltaic module installation, estimated load data, and time-of-use electricity price mechanism of the target building in each quarter. Step 2: Determine the parameters to be optimized and establish a mixed integer linear programming model for a net zero energy building; The parameters to be optimized include: the photovoltaic installed capacity required by the target building, the capacity of the energy storage equipment, the charge and discharge amount of the energy storage in each period, the initial charge state of the energy storage battery, the amount of electricity purchased and sold from the power grid in each period, and the charging period of electric vehicles; Step 3: Define the objective function to be optimized to maximize the difference between the incremental benefit S and the incremental cost C. The incremental benefit S includes the incremental economic benefit S brought by the target building ec , considering the incremental environmental benefits of harmful gas emissions S en , and the incremental social benefit S of saving electricity investment for society so ; The incremental cost C includes the construction cost C of the net zero energy building n-build , the cost of buying and selling electricity from the power grid C grid , Operation and maintenance cost C op； The incremental economic benefits S brought by the target building ec The calculation method is as follows: S ec =S ec1 +S ec2 (1) In formulas (1)-(4), Q(i) pv The annual power generation of the building through its own photovoltaic components, unit: kWh / year, where Q(i) pv (i) represents the power generation per hour, which is accumulated to n to represent the annual power generation; λ1 and λ2 are the power generation coefficients of the building top and the sunny facade, G st is the standard reference value of solar irradiance, s1 is the laying area of ​​PV modules on the roof of the building; s2 is the laying area of ​​PV modules on the sunny facade of the building, and H is the solar irradiance at each target building; considering the time-of-use electricity price mechanism, I(i) pur The electricity purchase cost of the power grid that can be saved in each period, unit: yuan / kWh, where I(i) pur (i) represents the electricity purchase cost per hour, which is accumulated to n to represent the annual electricity purchase cost; I(i) C P is the carbon trading fee that can be saved in each period through the building's own photovoltaic power generation, unit: yuan / kWh; n is the number of hours in a year; P pv The amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic panels required for the target building; The incremental environmental benefit S considering harmful gas emissions en , the calculation method is as follows: In formula (5), j is the type of harmful gas, m is the total number of harmful gas types, n is the number of hours in a year, G harm The amount of harmful gases emitted to produce 1kWh of coal-fired power, unit: tons / kWh; I harm The cost of treating various harmful gases, unit: yuan / ton; η is the proportion of coal-fired power in the total power generation in the region; s is the total floor area of ​​net zero energy buildings, unit: m 2 ;s c The construction area of ​​energy-saving structures in buildings, unit: m 2 ; ε is the energy-saving design coefficient; P pv The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels required for the building; The incremental social benefit S so The calculation method is as follows: In formula (6), γ is the unit price of comprehensive social benefit of electricity saving, unit: yuan / kWh; P pv is the amount of electricity generated by the photovoltaic modules required for the building; τ is the social benefit coefficient generated by the energy-saving structure, unit: yuan / m 2 ;Step 4: Define constraints; The constraints include: energy storage battery charging and discharging constraints, electric vehicle charging constraints, building photovoltaic panel installation area constraints, power balance constraints for each time period, power purchase and sales constraints, and net zero energy buildings that purchase power from the grid equals power sales throughout the year, and energy-saving structure building area constraints; Step 5: Apply the mixed integer linear programming solver to calculate and solve the energy dispatch plan for the net zero energy building; and further derive the optimal design parameters of the building, including the layout plan of photovoltaic modules and energy storage equipment, and the energy trading plan with the power grid; The photovoltaic modules are installed on the top and south sides of the building. S1 is defined as the installation area of ​​the photovoltaic modules on the top of the building, S2 is defined as the installation area of ​​the photovoltaic modules on the sunny facade of the building, and the other building area is S3. Therefore, the total building area of ​​the net zero energy building is S, unit: m 2 ,for: s=s1+s2+s3 (7).

2. The net zero energy building microgrid optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefits according to claim 1 is characterized by: The harmful gases include NOx, SO2, CO, and CO2.

3. The net zero energy building microgrid optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefits according to claim 1 is characterized by: The construction cost is considered from two aspects: in terms of distribution network construction, it includes the cost of photovoltaic equipment, energy storage equipment, and grid transformation; in terms of passive buildings, it includes the cost of doors, walls, roof insulation structures, and energy-saving appliances of building energy-saving technology; Photovoltaic module cost C pv , unit: yuan / year: C pv =(s1+s2)I pv (8) In formula (7) and (8), I pv The equivalent annual cost of photovoltaic modules per square meter, unit: RMB / year·m 2 ; s1 is the installation area of ​​photovoltaic modules on the roof of the building; s2 is the installation area of ​​photovoltaic modules on the sunny facade of the building; Energy storage equipment construction cost C store , unit: yuan / year, is: C store =CA store I store (9) In formula (9), CA store is the capacity of the energy storage device, unit: kWh, I store is the equivalent annual cost of energy storage equipment, unit: yuan / year·kWh; Construction cost of a net zero energy buildingC n-build The calculation method is as follows: C n-build =C pv +C store +C build (10) In formula (10), C store The construction cost of energy storage equipment; C build Energy-efficient structural construction costs for net-zero energy buildings; C pv is the cost of PV modules; Energy-saving structure construction cost of a net zero energy building C build , unit: yuan / year, is: C build =s c I build (11) In formula (11), I build The construction cost of energy-saving structure per square meter, unit: Yuan / year·m 2 ; s c The construction area of ​​energy-saving structures in buildings, unit: m 2 .

4. The net zero energy building microgrid optimization method considering the best comprehensive benefits according to claim 1 is characterized by: The cost of buying and selling electricity from the grid C grid The calculation method is as follows: In formula (12), P buy P is the amount of electricity purchased from the power grid by the building at each time period. sell The amount of electricity sold to the grid in each period, unit: kWh; C buy and C sell The time-of-use electricity purchase and sales prices in the region are respectively, in RMB / kWh, (i) and (j) are both cumulative process quantities, and n is the number of hours in a year; Operation and maintenance cost C op The calculation method is as follows: C op =a·P pv +b·CA store +c·s (13) In formula (13), a, b, and c are the operation and maintenance costs of the unit photovoltaic module, energy storage equipment, and net zero energy building, respectively; CA store is the capacity of the energy storage equipment, unit: kWh; s is the total floor area of ​​the net zero energy building; P pv The amount of electricity generated by photovoltaic panels required for the building.

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