A method for generating a mining plan and a storage medium

Abstract

The present invention proposes a method for generating a mining plan and a storage medium. The method is implemented based on a three-dimensional model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table. The method includes: performing a coupling analysis of a three-dimensional geological model and a measured three-dimensional void area model of a mine to generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and estimating the mine resource reserves based on the three-dimensional digital image model; generating a mining design model based on the estimated mine resource reserves and the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and generating a mining measured model based on the mining design model and a preset mining schedule; calculating the loss rate and the dilution rate based on the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine; generating a mining plan based on the mining design model, the mining measured model, the loss rate and the dilution rate using a Gantt chart, a network diagram and a data table; and outputting two-dimensional and three-dimensional mining drawings on an output device based on the mining plan. The accuracy and efficiency of mine plan compilation are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of artificial intelligence technology, and in particular to a mine excavation plan generation method and a storage medium. Background Art

[0002] With the implementation of the national strategy of integration of industrialization and information technology and the increase in mining depth and production costs, how mining companies can use information-based industrialization technology to achieve safe, efficient and low-cost production has become a practical problem that needs to be solved urgently. The premise and core of mining companies to achieve intelligent and information-based management transformation is to digitize discrete geological information, shaft and tunnel information, etc., and improve the production management level of enterprises through technical means such as three-dimensional visualization of production data, dynamic management of mining site loss and poverty indicators, and digitalization of mining plan preparation, thereby reducing production costs and improving production efficiency, laying a solid foundation for the construction of smart mines.

[0003] At present, the main digital mining 3D design software in China includes products such as CAD-based deep secondary development, 3Dmine, Dimine, etc., and the planning software is mainly iSchedule. At present, only Dimine has developed both mining 3D design software and mining planning software in China.

[0004] There are many kinds of foreign digital mining software products, such as Surpac, Datamine, Vulcan, MineSight, MineSched, etc. Among them, Surpac and Minesched are widely used in domestic mines. The main problems of foreign digital mining software are high maintenance costs, operating habits and function settings that do not conform to Chinese user habits, and high software training and usage costs.

[0005] That is, in the prior art, the generated mining plan is inaccurate, the interface is not friendly enough, it is difficult to operate, and it does not support the adjustment of the mining plan at any time, does not support 3D printing, etc. This is a defect of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention proposes the following technical solutions to address one or more technical deficiencies in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] A method for generating a mine excavation plan, the method is implemented based on a three-dimensional model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table, and the method comprises:

[0008] A three-dimensional modeling step, in which a three-dimensional geological model and a measured three-dimensional void area model are coupled to generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and the mine resource reserves are estimated based on the three-dimensional digital image model;

[0009] A mining modeling step, generating a mining design model based on the estimated mine resource reserves and the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and generating a mining measured model based on the mining design model and the preset mining schedule;

[0010] a loss and impoverishment index calculation step, calculating a loss rate and an impoverishment rate based on a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine;

[0011] A mining plan generation step, based on the mining design model, the mining measured model, the loss rate and the dilution rate, a Gantt chart, a network diagram and a data table are used to generate a mining plan;

[0012] The output step is to output two-dimensional and three-dimensional mining drawings on an output device based on the mining plan.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific operations of the three-dimensional modeling step include:

[0014] Constructing a geological database based on exploration engineering data at different stages, wherein the exploration engineering data includes basic engineering information, drilling data, trench data, downhole data, azimuth, inclination, sample sampling start and end positions, sample analysis data, lithology data and sample segment length;

[0015] Constructing a "hole file", "inclination file", "sample file" and "lithology file" in the database, and importing the contents of the exploration engineering data into the corresponding files;

[0016] Using the geological database to combine the lengths of the ore sections, a three-dimensional ore body geological interpretation is completed in three-dimensional space based on each data table, thereby determining the spatial lines of the ore body, rock layer, and fault, and then generating a three-dimensional geological model according to the corresponding relationship between the spatial lines of the ore body, rock layer, and fault;

[0017] Use a 3D laser scanner to perform 3D laser scanning on the mine to obtain a measured 3D empty area model;

[0018] The three-dimensional geological model and the measured three-dimensional void area model are registered and coupled to analyze and generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine;

[0019] A mineral block model is constructed based on the geological database, and the mineral block model is valued, and the mine resource reserves are estimated based on the mineral block model valuation and the three-dimensional digital image model.

[0020] Furthermore, the specific operations of constructing the block model based on the geological database are:

[0021] Determine the origin coordinates of the ore block model: refers to the lower limit values ​​of the X, Y, and Z coordinates defined by the ore block model;

[0022] Determine the coordinates of the center point of the ore block: refers to the coordinates of the center point of each individual ore block;

[0023] Determine the size of the ore block: refers to the size of the ore block in different directions in three-dimensional space. The size of the ore block determines the volume of each ore block. The volume of the ore block multiplied by the corresponding weight can be obtained to get the amount of ore and rock represented by the ore block;

[0024] Calculating the number of ore blocks: refers to the number of ore blocks in different directions of the ore block model in three-dimensional space. The number of ore blocks is determined by the upper limit values ​​of the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the cubic space defined by the ore block model, the origin coordinates, and the size of the ore block. The calculation relationship between the three is: Number of ore blocks = (Upper limit value of coordinates - lower limit value of coordinates) ÷ size of ore block.

[0025] Furthermore, the operation of performing the ore block model valuation and estimating the mine resource reserves based on the ore block model valuation and the three-dimensional digital image model is as follows:

[0026] The inverse power method of distance is used to estimate the grade of the ore block model. In order to reduce the data averaging effect, each ore body is estimated three times. The estimation parameters are determined by the occurrence of the ore body, and the intercalated stone ellipsoid adopts the corresponding ore body ellipsoid. The valuation of each ore body is carried out in two processes: First, the intercalated stone combination sample is used to estimate the grade of the intercalated stone in the ore body; then the ore body combination sample is used to estimate the grade of the ore body outside the intercalated stone model in the ore body model.

[0027] Furthermore, it is characterized in that

[0028] The loss and depletion index calculation step is to calculate the loss rate and depletion rate based on the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine. The specific calculation method is:

[0029] The loss rate refers to the ratio of industrial reserves lost to total industrial reserves during the mining process.

[0030] It can be seen that the loss rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Among them, in the formula: Q 工业 It indicates industrial reserves, i.e. the geological reserves of the deposit;

[0033] Q 损失 Indicates the lost industrial reserves, i.e. the loss of mining in the mine and the loss of ore in the hole;

[0034] The recovery rate refers to the ratio of the amount of pure ore mined to the total industrial reserves during the mining process of the ore deposit:

[0035]

[0036] During the mining process, the mixing of waste rock and the loss of high-grade fine ore cause the mine to become dilute, among which the mixing of waste rock is the main cause of ore dilute. The dilute rate refers to the percentage of ore grade reduction. From the definition, the calculation formula of the dilute rate is:

[0037]

[0038] Where: C 工业 , C 采出 All are known numbers

[0039] Furthermore, the specific operations of the mining plan generation step are:

[0040] By decomposing the mining plan tasks and automatically constructing a topological network diagram based on the constraints (space, time, logic) between the mining tasks, and analyzing multi-task collaborative operations and starting task search based on graph theory, a model basis is provided for the optimization of production planning;

[0041] The production planning topology network diagram can be expressed as a graph G = (V, E): It consists of two sets, the elements in the finite set V are called vertices, and the elements in the finite set E are called edges, and each edge is between a pair of vertices;

[0042] According to the needs of mining production planning, in order to store data related to production planning, it is necessary to establish and define multiple data tables to facilitate the centralized storage and management of plans of different periods and different process steps, and to achieve the intercommunication of medium- and long-term planning data with short-term planning data, and the intercommunication of planning data with production data;

[0043] Design mid- to long-term mining planning models and short-term mining planning models and construct corresponding constraints;

[0044] The mining plan is adjusted based on the Gantt chart, and the adjusted mining plan is generated based on the data table.

[0045] Furthermore, the standard print output of mining excavation drawings is achieved through layout and template files, and the model data and figure metadata are converted into corresponding graphic data through algorithms and indexes, and displayed and output on the drawings in a certain spatial layout until the data meets the relevant requirements of specific drawings. Among them, the templated mapping process is: through a manual drawing process, the element generation method, model algorithm processing method, relative spatial position of each data and other information in the process are generated into a template data file through XML text. When the same type of drawings are output next time, the corresponding graphic files under different layouts are automatically generated by referencing the configuration information saved in the XML file.

[0046] Furthermore, based on digital 3D drawing printing technology, mining design and excavation plan preparation are carried out in a 3D visualization environment. All design and planning results are 3D spatial data, and vectorized 3D stereograms of any viewing angle can be printed.

[0047] The present invention further provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the storage medium stores computer program code, and when the computer program code is executed by a computer, any of the above methods is executed.

[0048] The technical effect of the present invention is: a method for generating a mining plan of the present invention, the method is implemented based on a three-dimensional model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table, and the method includes: a three-dimensional modeling step, a coupling analysis of a three-dimensional geological model and a measured three-dimensional void model of the mine is performed to generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and the mine resource reserves are estimated based on the three-dimensional digital image model; a mining modeling step, a mining design model is generated based on the estimated mine resource reserves and the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and a mining measured model is generated based on the mining design model and the preset mining schedule; a loss and depletion index calculation step, a loss rate and depletion rate are calculated based on the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine; a mining plan generation step, a mining plan is generated based on the mining design model, the mining measured model, the loss rate and the depletion rate using a Gantt chart, a network diagram and a data table; an output step, a two-dimensional and three-dimensional mining drawings are output on an output device based on the mining plan. The technical effects of the present invention mainly include:

[0049] 1. Accurate calculation of loss and poverty indicators of underground complex multi-ore body mines in a three-dimensional environment. Traditional calculation of loss and poverty indicators can only be analyzed after the end of mining. Because personnel cannot enter the mine to measure the goaf during the production process, they can only calculate the ore output or the filling volume after the end of the mine. When calculating the corresponding loss and poverty indicators, since there is no mine room model for comparison, the calculation results can be regarded as empirical values. Through goaf modeling and software loss and poverty indicator calculation module, accurate calculation of mine loss and poverty indicators is achieved.

[0050] 2. Implementing a dynamic analysis and management system for underground mine depletion indicators, reducing the depletion rate. Before conducting digital three-dimensional depletion indicator analysis, the depletion rate of Sanguikou Mine was 15.3% and the loss rate was 13.8%. By adopting a dynamic depletion indicator analysis method and strengthening mining design and process management, the depletion rate of Sanguikou Mine was reduced to 14.5%, and the loss rate was reduced to 12.5%. The annual recovery of ore was about 4.3wt more, more zinc metal was more than 1,340t, and more lead metal was more than 280t, with an annual economic benefit of more than 16 million yuan.

[0051] 3. Completed the research on digital mining plan preparation and its key technologies. Through the research and development of the underground mining plan preparation system of "3D model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table", the mining plan preparation task of Wuhou Zijin 330wt / a involving more than 200 mining sites and more than 2,200 tunnels of various types was completed, realizing batch processing of production scheduling parameters, plan linkage preparation and automatic generation of phased mining diagrams, automatic generation and statistics of reports, 3D visualization animation, Gantt chart and other results display methods. Traditional mining plan preparation requires more than a dozen professional and technical personnel to prepare plans for two months (about 600-700 man-hours), while the use of digital mining plan preparation only requires 5-6 people to complete the mining plan preparation in 8-10 days (about 50-60 man-hours), saving more than 85% of man-hours and increasing the preparation efficiency by more than 5 times. At the same time, digital mining plan preparation can also quickly realize the preparation and rapid adjustment of mining plans for any period (year, month, day, team). By implementing digital mining planning, Wuhou Zijin has obtained more than 2 million pieces of valid data, which is more than 100 times the traditional manual planning data, greatly improving the precision and accuracy of planning.

[0052] 4. Realize the drawing and printing of 3D mining plan progress drawings and 3D design drawings. Traditional CAD manual mining plan drawings only have graphic information but no attribute information, which makes the manual mining drawings not only inefficient but also unable to be drawn strictly according to the mining plan. The use of digital 3D mining progress drawings can quickly complete the drawing of mining drawings. Through the 3D design research and 3D drawing printing technology, Wuhou Zijin bid farewell to the traditional CAD drawing method, avoided frequent cutting of sections and preparation of various reports, greatly improved the drawing efficiency and the readability of drawings, and achieved a revolutionary progress in engineering drawing methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings.

[0054] Figure 1 The present invention is a flowchart of a method for generating a mine excavation plan according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The present application will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the relevant invention, rather than to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the parts related to the relevant invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0056] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0057] Figure 1 A method for generating a mining plan of the present invention is shown. The method is implemented based on a three-dimensional model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table. The method includes:

[0058] The three-dimensional modeling step S101 is to generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine by coupling analysis of the three-dimensional geological model and the measured three-dimensional void area model, and estimate the mine resource reserves based on the three-dimensional digital image model;

[0059] A mining modeling step S102, generating a mining design model based on the estimated mine resource reserves and the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and generating a mining measured model based on the mining design model and the preset mining schedule;

[0060] A loss and depletion index calculation step S103, calculating a loss rate and a depletion rate based on the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine;

[0061] A mining plan generation step S104, generating a mining plan using a Gantt chart, a network diagram and a data table based on the mining design model, the mining measured model, the loss rate and the dilution rate;

[0062] Output step S105: outputting two-dimensional and three-dimensional mining drawings on an output device based on the mining plan.

[0063] The method of the present invention is based on the calculation and dynamic management analysis system of the loss and poverty index of underground complex multi-ore body mines based on the three-dimensional geological model and the measured model; the underground mine excavation plan preparation system based on the four-way linkage of "three-dimensional model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table"; the digital mine excavation plan automatic statistical report, Gantt chart, three-dimensional visualization animation, three-dimensional excavation progress drawings, statistical bar charts and other excavation results display and analysis technology; digital three-dimensional excavation drawings and digital three-dimensional design drawings printing technology. It makes the mining preparation plan of the mine more scientific and accurate, improves the preparation efficiency, and develops the three-dimensional design drawing printing technology for the first time in the world, thereby improving the mining accuracy of the mine, which is an important invention of the present invention.

[0064] In one embodiment, the specific operations of the three-dimensional modeling step S101 include:

[0065] Constructing a geological database based on exploration engineering data at different stages, wherein the exploration engineering data includes basic engineering information, drilling data, trench data, downhole data, azimuth, inclination, sample sampling start and end positions, sample analysis data, lithology data and sample segment length;

[0066] Constructing a "hole file", "inclination file", "sample file" and "lithology file" in the database, and importing the contents of the exploration engineering data into the corresponding files;

[0067] Using the geological database to combine the lengths of the ore sections, a three-dimensional ore body geological interpretation is completed in three-dimensional space based on each data table, thereby determining the spatial lines of the ore body, rock layer, and fault, and then generating a three-dimensional geological model according to the corresponding relationship between the spatial lines of the ore body, rock layer, and fault;

[0068] Use a 3D laser scanner to perform 3D laser scanning on the mine to obtain a measured 3D empty area model;

[0069] The three-dimensional geological model and the measured three-dimensional void area model are registered and coupled to analyze and generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine;

[0070] A mineral block model is constructed based on the geological database, and the mineral block model is valued, and the mine resource reserves are estimated based on the mineral block model valuation and the three-dimensional digital image model.

[0071] The specific parameters of the industrial indicators used in the three-dimensional modeling step of the present invention are as follows: cut-off grade 0.50%; minimum industrial grade Zn≥1.6%; minimum mineable thickness≥2.0 m; interlayer stone removal thickness≥4.0 m; meter·percentage: 3.2 m·%.

[0072] The ore body plan section modeling method is used when generating a three-dimensional geological model. Its indicators and rules are as follows:

[0073] (1) The ore body boundary is strictly delineated according to the industrial grade (Zn metal 1.6%).

[0074] (2) The mining points must be connected to the actual project, and curved connections should be made if there are tunnel controls on the plane.

[0075] (3) Limited extrapolation: extrapolate at half the distance between the projects.

[0076] (4) Unlimited extrapolation, 50m tip push.

[0077] (5) The minimum mining thickness is 2 meters, and the thickness of interlayer removal is 4 meters (which can be adjusted according to actual production conditions).

[0078] (6) Partially adjust the model based on the geologists' understanding of the ore body.

[0079] In the present invention, by constructing a mineral block model based on the geological database and performing mineral block model valuation, the mine resource reserves are estimated based on the mineral block model valuation and the three-dimensional digital image model, so that the calculation of mine reserves is more accurate, which lays a solid foundation for mine exploitation. This is an important invention point of the present invention.

[0080] In one embodiment, the specific operations of constructing a block model based on the geological database are:

[0081] Determine the origin coordinates of the ore block model: refers to the lower limit values ​​of the X, Y, and Z coordinates defined by the ore block model;

[0082] Determine the coordinates of the center point of the ore block: refers to the coordinates of the center point of each individual ore block;

[0083] Determine the size of the ore block: refers to the size of the ore block in different directions in three-dimensional space. The size of the ore block determines the volume of each ore block. The volume of the ore block multiplied by the corresponding weight can be obtained to get the amount of ore and rock represented by the ore block;

[0084] Calculating the number of ore blocks: refers to the number of ore blocks in different directions of the ore block model in three-dimensional space. The number of ore blocks is determined by the upper limit values ​​of the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the cubic space defined by the ore block model, the origin coordinates, and the size of the ore block. The calculation relationship between the three is: Number of ore blocks = (Upper limit value of coordinates - lower limit value of coordinates) ÷ size of ore block.

[0085] Determine the attribute information contained in the ore block: Common attribute information includes valuation results, ore type, ore weight, resource / reserve level and other information.

[0086] Among them, the size of the ore block should be determined comprehensively based on the geological statistical characteristics, prospecting project intervals, mining constraints, geological factors, topography, and computer processing capabilities. For example, for thin-layered deposits with sudden grade changes, the ore block size should be as small as possible, while for very thick grade gradient deposits, the ore block size can be larger. Taking into account the mining project, the ore block size should be directly in multiples with the mining project such as the size of the mine room and the height of the open-pit mining step, and the elevation value of the center point of the ore block should also be in multiples with the elevation of the mining step. In general, the maximum ore block size should not be greater than 1 / 4 of the minimum prospecting project spacing.

[0087] The octree model is used to construct the block model, so that the block model can form unit blocks of corresponding sizes at various scales, so that the block model has information such as element grade and ore quantity at various scales. In the establishment of the block model octree model, the maximum recursive depth is determined by the ratio of the minimum size to the overall size of the block model, and then the complete model is divided down step by step. Each cube subtree contains eight or zero small cubes, and the length, width and height of the small cube are half of the large cube. The octree block model established in this way can store underground metal mine space data well. After the grade valuation is completed, the element grade information will be saved in the block model (i.e., the block model).

[0088] Generally, in a three-dimensional geological model, an initial block model (i.e., ore block model) is established that can fully include all geological models according to the distribution of underground ore bodies on the surface and underground space. At the same time, the initial block model is divided into many small units according to a preset scale. Each unit has a unified length, width, height and other parameters, and the corresponding grade and ore volume information will be stored in the unit.

[0089] For the processing of extremely high-grade drill hole samples, the corresponding methods for extremely high-grade processing are one or more of the following: elimination method, given value method, ore body average grade method, single project method, adjacent sample average value method, etc.

[0090] Samples are processed to be equal in length. Geostatistical valuation methods require that samples be of equal length so that each sample represents an equal weight.

[0091] Therefore, it is necessary to combine the samples in the ore body geological domain according to the same length. For example, in a certain mine, through the basic statistical analysis of the sample length, it can be known that the average sample length is 1.6556 meters. If the original sample length is 1.5 meters, the sample length of this sample combination is 1.5 meters, and the samples in the ore body are processed into equal length.

[0092] The present invention proposes a method for constructing a block model. The octree model is used to construct the block model, so that the block model can form unit blocks of corresponding sizes at various scales, so that the block model has information such as the grade of elements and the amount of ore at various scales. In the establishment of the block model octree model, the maximum recursive depth is determined by the ratio of the minimum size to the overall size of the block model, and then the complete model is divided downward step by step, and the size of the key parameters of the block construction is proposed, so that the output of the mine can be accurately estimated, which is another important invention of the present invention.

[0093] In one embodiment, the operation of performing the ore block model valuation and estimating the mine resource reserves based on the ore block model valuation and the three-dimensional digital image model is:

[0094] The inverse power method of distance is used to estimate the grade of the ore block model. In order to reduce the data averaging effect, each ore body is estimated three times. The estimation parameters are determined by the occurrence of the ore body, and the intercalated stone ellipsoid adopts the corresponding ore body ellipsoid. The valuation of each ore body is carried out in two processes: First, the intercalated stone combination sample is used to estimate the grade of the intercalated stone in the ore body; then the ore body combination sample is used to estimate the grade of the ore body outside the intercalated stone model in the ore body model.

[0095] Classification of geological resources reliability based on block model grade estimation:

[0096] ① Proven: There is systematic engineering control along the strike and depth of the ore body, the distance between projects is less than or equal to the engineering grid of 100 meters × 100 meters, the geological reliability is "proven", and the ore blocks are complete and concentrated, and the partial resource volume in the three-dimensional space enclosed by the corresponding project.

[0097] ② Controlled: There is systematic engineering control along the strike and depth of the ore body, the distance between projects is less than or equal to the basic engineering grid of 100-200 meters × 100-200 meters, the geological reliability is "controlled", and when the ore blocks are complete and concentrated, the partial resource volume in the three-dimensional space enclosed by the corresponding project.

[0098] ③ Inferred: There is sparse engineering control along the strike of the ore body, and deep engineering confirmation along the dip.

[0099] For distances greater than or equal to the engineering grid size of 200×200 and the extrapolated part, the geological reliability is "inferred".

[0100] The classification of geological resource reserves is determined according to the reliability of geological resources:

[0101] ① Controlled economic base reserves (111b): Industrial ores with proven geological reliability within the ore body within the scope of the mining right, which are considered economical and reasonable after demonstration.

[0102] ② Controlled economic base reserves (122b): within the scope of mining rights, the geological reliability of the ore body reaches the controlled level of industrial ore, which is considered economical and reasonable after preliminary demonstration.

[0103] ③ Inferred intrinsic economic resources (333): small ore bodies and industrial ores with a geological reliability level of inferred level, which are economical and reasonable after preliminary study.

[0104] The distance power inverse method is: a series of discrete points are distributed on the plane, and their position coordinates (x i ,y i ) and attribute value Z i, according to the attribute values ​​of the surrounding discrete points, the attribute value of point P is interpolated by distance weighting. If there are N data points around P, the attribute value of point P is:

[0105]

[0106] in, is the distance to the i-th data point, and the u value is generally 2.

[0107] In the present invention, the distance power inverse method is used to estimate the grade of the ore block model. In order to reduce the data averaging effect, each ore body is estimated three times, and the estimation parameters are determined by the occurrence of the ore body, wherein the intercalated stone ellipsoid adopts the corresponding ore body ellipsoid. And the valuation of each ore body is divided into two processes, and the calculation formula of the distance power inverse method is designed, which is another important invention of the present invention.

[0108] In one embodiment, the loss and depletion index calculation step calculates the loss rate and depletion rate based on the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and the specific calculation method is:

[0109] The loss rate refers to the ratio of industrial reserves lost to total industrial reserves during the mining process.

[0110] It can be seen that the loss rate calculation formula is as follows:

[0111]

[0112] Among them, in the formula: Q 工业 Indicates industrial reserves, that is, the geological reserves of the deposit; Q 损失 Indicates the lost industrial reserves, i.e. the loss of mining in the mine and the loss of ore in the hole;

[0113] The recovery rate refers to the ratio of the amount of pure ore mined to the total industrial reserves during the mining process of the ore deposit:

[0114]

[0115] During the mining process, the mixing of waste rock and the loss of high-grade fine ore cause the mine to become dilute, among which the mixing of waste rock is the main cause of ore dilute. The dilute rate refers to the percentage of ore grade reduction. From the definition, the calculation formula of the dilute rate is:

[0116]

[0117] Where: C 工业 , C 采出 All are known numbers

[0118] The calculation of the loss and poverty index is based on the three-dimensional void area model and the mining unit design. The measured void area model is coupled with the designed mine room for analysis, and the dynamic loss and poverty index is obtained using the Dimine loss and poverty calculation function. The loss and poverty index calculation function of the Dimine software is used to obtain the loss and poverty index table of the mining area through coupling analysis.

[0119] In the traditional mining process, due to safety reasons, it is difficult for surveyors to enter the empty area of ​​the stope for actual measurement. The acquisition of various recovery indicators can only be based on mining design and simple estimation combined with experience, and the results are often quite different from the actual situation. Nowadays, by using the 3D laser precision detection system (Cavity Monitoring System, CMS) to perform 3D detection of the empty area of ​​the stope, based on the actual measured point data of the empty area, and using 3D mining software to establish a 3D visualization model of the empty area, the 3D shape and actual boundary of the empty area of ​​the stope can be accurately obtained.

[0120] The present invention solves the defect of inaccurate calculation of existing mine loss and poverty indicators. The present invention conducts three-dimensional detection of the void areas in the mining area, and based on the measured point data of the void areas, uses three-dimensional mining software to establish a three-dimensional visualization model of the void areas. The three-dimensional shape and actual boundaries of the void areas in the mining area can be accurately obtained to improve mining efficiency. This is another important invention point of the present invention.

[0121] In one embodiment, the specific operations of the mining plan generation step are:

[0122] By decomposing the mining plan tasks and automatically constructing a topological network diagram based on the constraint relationships (space, time, and logic) between the mining tasks, and analyzing multi-task collaborative operations and starting task searches based on graph theory, a model basis is provided for the optimization of production plans.

[0123] The production planning topology network diagram can be expressed as a graph G = (V, E): composed of two sets, the finite set V

[0124] Elements are called vertices, and the elements in the finite set E are called edges. Each edge is between a pair of vertices.

[0125] If the edges are between ordered pairs of vertices, G is called a directed graph or oriented graph. The topological network of the production plan is promoted in a certain direction, so the network diagram of the production plan is actually a directed graph.

[0126] According to the needs of mining production planning, in order to store data related to the production plan, it is necessary to establish and define multiple data tables to facilitate the centralized storage and management of plans for different cycles and different process steps, and to achieve data intercommunication between medium- and long-term plans and short-term plans, and between plan data and production data.

[0127] In the present invention, it is necessary to establish and define multiple data tables including: a summary table of core parameters related to the mining plan; a plan period table stores information related to the plan period, through which the mining plan time granularity and the start and end dates of the plan can be obtained; a production area table is used to manage the production sites of the mine by zoning, and the sites are reasonably divided to realize the division of the work site in a three-dimensional visualization environment; a production process table is used to count all production activities of the mine; a production process record table is used to establish a logical relationship between the process table and the process table. A mine may have multiple processes, but a site only has one process at the same time; the work site table is used to record the site information of the mining plan of the mine; the basic task table is used to count all the basic tasks that need to be completed for the preparation of the mining plan; the plan constraint table is to record and count the logical relationship of the tasks during the execution process; the producer table is used to set the equipment required by the task implementer; the producer efficiency table is used to indicate the situation where the producer's production capacity is affected over time; the site efficiency table is used to indicate the impact of the site on the producer's production capacity. In actual production, producers are unable to produce according to rated capacity due to the influence of production conditions and operating environment. For example, tunneling in a broken zone will lead to a decrease in operating efficiency due to environmental changes.

[0128] Among them, planning constraints include four relationships:

[0129] 1) Constraints between the basic tasks of the tunnel (inter-excavation constraints);

[0130] 2) Constraints between basic tasks in the stope (inter-stope constraints);

[0131] 3) Constraints between tunnel and stope tasks (inter-mining constraints);

[0132] 4) Constraints between derived tasks (inter-process constraints);

[0133] The present invention further designs a medium- and long-term mining planning model:

[0134] According to the formulation principles of the medium- and long-term mining plan for underground metal mines, the maximum sum of the net present value of the recovered metal amount of each element in the mining process and the minimum sum of the deviation between the recovered grade of each element and the target grade are selected as the two main goals to form the objective function, in order to improve the economic benefits of the enterprise and reduce the subsequent work consumption. The mathematical expression of the objective function is:

[0135]

[0136] Among them, t is the index of mining time; T is the set of mining time, A is the set of stopes; n is the index of production capacity; N is the set of production capacity; e is the index of the ore participating in the recovery plan element; E is the set of elements participating in the recovery plan; λ>0 is the weight coefficient of the net present value of the metal content of the recovered elements in the stope, which indicates the priority of the net present value of the metal content in the objective function; gae is the average grade value of element e in stope a; Hatn is the binary decision variable for stope a to start recovery at production capacity n at period t; re is the monthly discount rate of the metal content of element e; The value of element e is less than the target minimum ore grade; is the value of element e greater than the target maximum ore grade; e >0 is the weight coefficient of element e, and the weight coefficient determines the priority of grade control of each element.

[0137] The decision variables of the medium- and long-term mining planning model are analyzed through the mining process of underground metal mines. In order to reduce the complexity of the model, the ore blocks are divided into the first-phase stope and the second-phase stope. The location of the stope, the mining time and the production capacity are used as the binary decision variables of the medium- and long-term mining planning model. It is defined that when a stope a starts to be mined with a production capacity of n in period t, the value is 1, otherwise it is 0, that is:

[0138]

[0139] g e - : The element e grade is less than the deviation of the minimum grade requirement;

[0140] g e + : The grade of element e is greater than the deviation of the maximum grade requirement;

[0141] The conditional constraints of the medium- and long-term mining plan model can be based on the medium- and long-term production conditions of the underground metal mine's mining plan. After determining the objective function and decision variables of the mixed integer programming model, it is necessary to add relevant constraints to the planning model, such as mining variable constraints, mining logic constraints, ore grade constraints, total production capacity constraints, sequential mining constraints within layers, simultaneous mining quantity constraints within divisions, sequential mining constraints between layers, two-step constraints in ore blocks, etc. The mathematical expressions for establishing specific constraints can be established according to the actual conditions of each mine.

[0142] The present invention further constructs a short-term mining planning model:

[0143] According to the formulation principle of short-term mining plan for underground metal mines, the minimum sum of the deviation between the recovery grade of each element and the target grade in the monthly recovery project is selected as the objective function. Its advantage is that it can reduce the fluctuation of ore grade to reduce the consumption of subsequent work and improve the economic benefits of the enterprise. The mathematical expression of its objective function is:

[0144]

[0145] Among them, t is the index of mining time; T is the set of time; λ t >0 is the weight coefficient of time t, which determines the priority of satisfying the mineral processing grade at different periods; is the deviation value less than the required grade at time t; is the deviation value greater than the required grade at time t; because are all non-negative numbers, so at the same time t At most one non-zero.

[0146] The decision variables of the short-term mining plan model are divided into development projects, mining projects, cutting projects, and recovery projects according to the production characteristics of the short-term mining plan of underground metal mines and the types of projects. They are used together with the working time as binary decision variables of the mixed integer programming model, and it is defined that when a project starts in period t, the value is 1, otherwise it is 0. The specific constraints can be established according to the actual situation of each mine.

[0147] In the present invention, medium-term and short-term mining models are constructed through various data tables and models, which is convenient for the medium-term and short-term generation planning of the mine and improves the sustainable production capacity of the mine. This is another important invention point of the present invention.

[0148] In addition, the traditional excavation plan adjustment is based on manual adjustment of three-dimensional original data. In order to quickly realize the adjustment of the excavation plan, the present invention develops a technology for adjusting the excavation plan based on the Gantt chart. In order to facilitate the viewing of the completion of the current time task, the automatic statistics of the completed amount function is developed in the Gantt chart. Since the corresponding engineering information displayed on the Gantt chart is relatively complex, the corresponding network diagram display technology is developed, and the corresponding information can be intuitively displayed through the network diagram display. The Gantt chart can directly display the logical relationship between the immediate predecessor task and the immediate successor task, and the immediate predecessor task and the immediate successor task can be multiple. In order to quickly adjust the logical order between tasks, the Gantt chart dragging, compression and pulling adjustment function is developed, and the logical order between tasks is quickly changed by an intuitive method. The Gantt chart drag adjustment function is to directly change the start time and end time and logical order of the task, without changing the task duration and planned amount. When the Gantt chart is dragged forward, the immediate successor task and the immediate predecessor task associated with the task remain unchanged, and the maximum dragging range is the latest completed task of the immediate predecessor task in the task. Gantt chart task compression and stretching do not change the task start time and planned amount, but will change the task duration. The Gantt chart tasks are compressed forward, the subsequent tasks are not changed, the start time is not changed, and the duration is reduced. This is another important invention point of the present invention.

[0149] According to the needs of excavation plan preparation, the excavation plan is generated, and 10 fixed reports are customized: excavation plan table, engineering type excavation table, tunnel start and end timetable, excavation plan statistics table, mining plan edge, excavation plan table, filling plan table, financial summary table, geological drilling table, geological drilling statistics table. The generation method is: the data required to be displayed in each report is read from the database and production path through the iSchedule software and stored in the computer memory. Use the encapsulated function interface to automatically create an Excel file and workbook in the selected file path in .xlsx format. According to the options checked in the user function interface, add a separate worksheet for each report in the workbook, set the report header and font, border line, alignment, frozen rows and columns and other formats, and write the data into the corresponding worksheet of the Excel file.

[0150] Since the data of the mining plan report is very detailed, the data table is huge (about 2 million data in 10 tables) and not intuitive, and the user cannot quickly obtain the mining plan compilation results, and thus cannot quickly judge whether the mining plan compilation results are correct or not. In order to solve the problem of the mining plan data report being not intuitive and the data being huge, the present invention studies and develops a technology for quickly counting report data in a graphical manner, and develops a three-dimensional progress chart generation function for the mining plan in order to intuitively display the spatial production situation of the mining plan within the cycle time, mainly to solve the problem of drawing mining engineering drawings. Implementation principle: According to the cycle plan data generated by the software three-dimensional mining animation and the direction of the generated path, the advancement range within the current cycle time is calculated, and then the original ore body model is clipped, and the ore body model after each cycle clipping is color matched according to the cycle color set by the user. For the generated mining plan progress model, the user can choose to generate the cycle progress chart and annotation information into the cycle layer, or save it as several cycle progress dmf files in units of cycles. Software animation playback is divided into automatic animation playback and manual animation playback. When the animation is played automatically, the software automatically reads the model from small to large according to the cycle and displays it in the three-dimensional view in sequence according to a certain time interval; when the animation is played manually, the user can freely click the previous step and next step buttons to control the cycle status of the displayed ore body model. The animation results can be exported as an animation file in .dma format. The file uses json format internally and stores the cycle name of each cycle, the number of ore body surfaces of each part, point coordinates, annotation information and other data. The biggest feature of the domestic planning and scheduling software is that it can not only display the mining cycle animation, but also display the scrolling display of the mining plan task volume of each cycle, which is another important invention of the present invention.

[0151] In the present invention, the standard print output of mining excavation drawings is achieved through layout and template files. The essence of engineering drawing is to generate corresponding graphic data from model data and graphic metadata through algorithms and indexes, and display and output them on the drawings in a certain spatial layout until the data meets the relevant requirements of specific drawings. The main technical process of templated drawing: through a manual drawing process, the element generation method, model algorithm processing method, relative spatial position of each data and other information in the process are generated into a template data file through XML text. When the same type of drawings are output next time, the corresponding graphic files under different layouts are automatically generated by referencing the configuration information saved in the XML file.

[0152] In order for the template file to correctly process the output information, the following data needs to be saved in the template file:

[0153] 1. Save the geometric algorithm in the drawing process. The processing of model data content will generate different data in the layout plane according to the spatial position of the layout plane. Generally speaking, different maps have different layouts, such as the plane layout of the geological map, the section layout of the geological section map, etc. In addition, different geometric algorithms will also affect the generation of maps, such as the sectioning of the ore body in the plane layout of the geological plan map. Since the 3D model and layout need to be manually edited, the geometric algorithm used in the drawing process is saved so that the template can automatically process the 3D model data according to the layout plane and generate the required map information.

[0154] 2. Save the spatial coordinates of the 3D model data. The 3D model data is the core of the drawing. Any other primitives must be generated according to the position of the 3D model data. Therefore, the template must record the spatial coordinates of the 3D model data, including the center of the graphic, the minimum enclosing rectangle, etc. If the 3D model data is very scattered, it is also necessary to store multiple parts in batches to ensure the correct generation of the primitive data.

[0155] 3. Save the metadata attributes and relative spatial position of the feature element. There are two types of feature element metadata. One is unrelated to the attribute elements, such as compass, signature, etc. This type of feature element metadata is mainly generated based on the spatial position. The other type of feature element is linked to the attribute elements, such as the borehole is generated based on the attribute elements of a specific geological body. Therefore, this type of map needs to save the corresponding attribute information.

[0156] Research on digital three-dimensional drawing printing technology Since mining design and mining plan preparation are carried out in a three-dimensional visualization environment, all design and planning results are three-dimensional spatial data, so it supports direct printing of vectorized three-dimensional stereograms of any viewing angle. Of course, after adjusting the viewing angle of the vectorized three-dimensional stereogram, it is still a two-dimensional drawing when it is finally printed on the paper drawing. Through transparency adjustment, text annotation, and data table statistics, the spatial relationship between the elements can be more intuitively reflected, which is helpful to review the rationality of the results plan. The three-dimensional drawing of the 630m middle section mining plan of Wuhou Zijin from 2020 to 2023 using the present invention is composed of a three-dimensional mining progress map, a data statistics table, a drawing label, a legend, etc. The three-dimensional mining drawing is the first three-dimensional mining cycle progress drawing in the world. The mine initially realized the three-dimensionalization of geological drilling design and mining monomer design in June 2020. By carrying out three-dimensional design, the disadvantages of two-dimensional design space are eliminated, the time for frequent cutting of sections and statistical control point coordinate tables and engineering quantity statistics operations is reduced, and the drawing efficiency is greatly improved, which is another important invention point in the present invention.

[0157] By implementing the method of the present invention, the present invention can achieve the following technical effects:

[0158] 1. Accurate calculation of loss and poverty indicators of underground complex multi-ore body mines in a three-dimensional environment. Traditional calculation of loss and poverty indicators can only be analyzed after the end of mining. Because personnel cannot enter the mine to measure the goaf during the production process, they can only calculate the ore output or the filling volume after the end of the mine. When calculating the corresponding loss and poverty indicators, since there is no mine room model for comparison, the calculation results can be regarded as empirical values. Through goaf modeling and software loss and poverty indicator calculation module, accurate calculation of mine loss and poverty indicators is achieved.

[0159] 2. Implementing a dynamic analysis and management system for underground mine depletion indicators and reducing the depletion rate. Before conducting a digital three-dimensional depletion indicator analysis, the depletion rate of the Sanguikou Mine was 15.3% and the loss rate was 13.8%. By adopting a dynamic depletion indicator analysis method and strengthening mining design and process management, the depletion rate of the Sanguikou Mine was reduced to 14.5%, and the loss rate was reduced to 12.5%. The annual recovery of ore was about 4.3wt more, more zinc metal was more than 1,340t, and more lead metal was more than 280t, with an annual economic benefit of more than 16 million yuan.

[0160] 3. Completed the research on digital mining plan preparation and its key technologies. Through the research and development of the underground mining plan preparation system of "3D model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table", the mining plan preparation task of Wuhou Zijin 330wt / a involving more than 200 mining sites and more than 2,200 tunnels of various types was completed, realizing batch processing of production scheduling parameters, plan linkage preparation and automatic generation of phased mining diagrams, automatic generation and statistics of reports, 3D visualization animation, Gantt chart and other results display methods. Traditional mining plan preparation requires more than a dozen professional and technical personnel to prepare plans for two months (about 600-700 man-hours), while the use of digital mining plan preparation only requires 5-6 people to complete the mining plan preparation in 8-10 days (about 50-60 man-hours), saving more than 85% of man-hours and increasing the preparation efficiency by more than 5 times. At the same time, digital mining plan preparation can also quickly realize the preparation and rapid adjustment of mining plans for any period (year, month, day, team). By implementing digital mining planning, Wuhou Zijin has obtained more than 2 million pieces of valid data, which is more than 100 times the traditional manual planning data, greatly improving the precision and accuracy of planning.

[0161] 4. Realize the drawing and printing of 3D mining plan progress drawings and 3D design drawings. Traditional CAD manual mining plan drawings only have graphic information but no attribute information, which makes the manual mining drawings not only inefficient but also unable to be drawn strictly according to the mining plan. The use of digital 3D mining progress drawings can quickly complete the drawing of mining drawings. Through the 3D design research and 3D drawing printing technology, Wuhou Zijin bid farewell to the traditional CAD drawing method, avoided frequent cutting of sections and preparation of various reports, greatly improved the drawing efficiency and the readability of drawings, and achieved a revolutionary progress in engineering drawing methods.

[0162] In one embodiment of the present invention, a computer storage medium is provided, on which a computer program is stored. When the computer program on the computer storage medium is executed by a processor, the above method is implemented. The computer storage medium may be a hard disk, DVD, CD, flash memory or other memory.

[0163] For the convenience of description, the above device is described in various units according to their functions. Of course, when implementing the present application, the functions of each unit can be implemented in the same or multiple software and / or hardware.

[0164] It can be known from the description of the above implementation methods that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present application can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present application can be essentially or partly embodied in the form of a software product that contributes to the prior art. The computer software product can be stored in a storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the devices described in the various embodiments of the present application or certain parts of the embodiments.

[0165] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate rather than limit the technical solutions of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can still be modified or replaced by equivalents. Any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for generating a mine excavation plan, It is characterized in that The method is implemented based on a three-dimensional model-Gantt chart-network diagram-data table, and the method includes: A three-dimensional modeling step, in which a three-dimensional geological model and a measured three-dimensional void area model are coupled to generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and the mine resource reserves are estimated based on the three-dimensional digital image model; A mining modeling step, generating a mining design model based on the estimated mine resource reserves and the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine, and generating a mining measurement model based on the mining design model and the mining preset schedule; a loss and impoverishment index calculation step, calculating a loss rate and an impoverishment rate based on a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine; A mining plan generation step, based on the mining design model, the mining measured model, the loss rate and the dilution rate, a Gantt chart, a network diagram and a data table are used to generate a mining plan; An output step of outputting two-dimensional and three-dimensional mining drawings on an output device based on the mining plan; The specific operations of the three-dimensional modeling step include: constructing a geological database based on exploration engineering data at different stages, wherein the exploration engineering data includes basic engineering information, drilling data, trench data, downhole data, azimuth, inclination, sample sampling start and end positions, sample analysis data, lithology data and sample segment length; Constructing "hole file", "inclination file", "sample file" and "lithology file" in the database, and importing the contents of the exploration engineering data into the corresponding files; Using the geological database to combine the lengths of the ore sections, a three-dimensional ore body geological interpretation is completed in three-dimensional space based on each data table, thereby determining the spatial lines of the ore body, rock layer, and fault, and then generating a three-dimensional geological model according to the corresponding relationship between the spatial lines of the ore body, rock layer, and fault; Use a 3D laser scanner to perform 3D laser scanning on the mine to obtain a measured 3D empty area model; The three-dimensional geological model and the measured three-dimensional void area model are registered and coupled to analyze and generate a three-dimensional digital image model of the mine; A block model is constructed based on the geological database, and the block model is estimated, and the mine resource reserves are estimated based on the block model estimation and the three-dimensional digital image model; wherein the specific operation of constructing the block model based on the geological database is: Determine the origin coordinates of the ore block model: refers to the lower limit values ​​of the X, Y, and Z coordinates defined by the ore block model; Determine the coordinates of the center point of the ore block: refers to the coordinates of the center point of each individual ore block; Determine the size of the ore block: refers to the size of the ore block in different directions in three-dimensional space. The size of the ore block determines the volume of each ore block. The volume of the ore block multiplied by the corresponding weight can be obtained to get the amount of ore and rock represented by the ore block; Calculate the number of ore blocks: refers to the number of ore blocks in different directions of the ore block model in three-dimensional space. The number of ore blocks is determined by the upper limit values ​​of the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the cubic space defined by the ore block model, the coordinates of the origin, and the size of the ore block. The calculation relationship between the three is: number of ore blocks = (upper limit value of coordinates - lower limit value of coordinates) ÷ size of ore block; The operation of performing the ore block model valuation and estimating the mine resource reserves based on the ore block model valuation and the three-dimensional digital image model is as follows: The inverse power method of distance is used to estimate the grade of the ore block model. In order to reduce the data averaging effect, each ore body is estimated three times. The estimation parameters are determined by the occurrence of the ore body, and the intercalated stone ellipsoid adopts the corresponding ore body ellipsoid. The estimation of each ore body is divided into two processes: first, the intercalated stone combination sample is used to estimate the grade of the intercalated stone in the ore body; then, the ore body combination sample is used to estimate the grade of the ore body outside the intercalated stone model in the ore body model; among them, The loss and depletion index calculation step is to calculate the loss rate and depletion rate based on the three-dimensional digital image model of the mine. The specific calculation method is: The loss rate refers to the ratio of industrial reserves lost to total industrial reserves during the mining process. It can be seen that the loss rate calculation formula is as follows: ； Where: Q 工业 Represents industrial reserves, i.e. geological reserves of mineral deposits; Q 损失 Indicates the lost industrial reserves, i.e. the loss of mining in the mine and the loss of ore in the hole; The recovery rate refers to the ratio of the amount of pure ore mined to the total industrial reserves during the mining process of the ore deposit: ； During the mining process, the mixing of waste rock and the loss of high-grade powder ore cause the mine to be impoverished, among which the mixing of waste rock is the main cause of ore impoverishment; the impoverishment rate refers to the percentage of ore grade reduction. From the definition, the impoverishment rate calculation formula is: ； The specific operations of the mining plan generation step are: By decomposing the mining plan tasks and automatically constructing a topological network diagram based on the spatial, temporal and logical constraints between mining tasks, the system analyzes multi-task collaborative operations and start task search based on graph theory, providing a model basis for the optimization of production plans. The production planning topology network diagram can be expressed as a graph G = (V, E): It consists of two sets, the elements in the finite set V are called vertices, and the elements in the finite set E are called edges, and each edge is between a pair of vertices; According to the needs of mining production planning, in order to store data related to production planning, it is necessary to establish and define multiple data tables to facilitate the centralized storage and management of plans of different periods and different process steps, and to achieve the intercommunication of medium- and long-term planning data with short-term planning data, and the intercommunication of planning data with production data; Design mid- to long-term mining planning models and short-term mining planning models and construct corresponding constraints; The mining plan is adjusted based on the Gantt chart, and the adjusted mining plan is generated based on the data table.

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