An ecological retaining wall based on self-locking expansion effect and its construction method

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological retaining wall and construction method based on a self-locking expansion effect, which relates to the technical field of civil engineering and construction, and comprises a support net, a concrete surface layer and an ecological surface layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and an expansion anchor rod penetrates the concrete surface layer and the support net; the ecological surface layer is formed by a plurality of ecological inserts being embedded in the horizontal and longitudinal directions, and the expansion anchor rod comprises a detachably connected threaded rod and an anchor head, the threaded rod is provided with a sleeve, and a plurality of expansion nails are connected to the side of the sleeve facing the anchor head, and the expansion nails move axially along the threaded rod to the anchor head with the sleeve under the action of thrust, so that the expansion nails are opened. The invention forms a "permanent and temporary combination" by combining the concrete surface layer, the ecological surface layer and the expansion anchor rod, so that the retaining structure is more stable, and has high safety and durability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of civil engineering, and in particular to an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Ecological retaining walls solve the problem of greening the surface and greatly improve the ecological function of retaining walls, so they are widely used for slope protection. Although the current ecological retaining walls can play a role in green environmental protection, they are not stable enough, the construction is difficult, and there are certain safety hazards. The prior art discloses a construction method of a chain-locked ecological block retaining wall, which is made of chain blocks made of reinforced concrete materials and blocks made of sandless concrete materials; the structure of the chain blocks and blocks is complex, and the construction is difficult.

[0003] There is an assembled ecological anchor retaining wall structure, which includes a prefabricated concrete foundation and reinforced concrete prefabricated columns arranged at horizontal intervals and fixedly connected to the foundation, and an assembly column composed of a number of reinforced concrete prefabricated blocks and ecological bags assembled from bottom to top between two adjacent columns; anchor rods are arranged at vertical intervals along the columns, and the anchor rods pass through the fracture surface of the wall back slope and are anchored in the stable rock and soil layer, and the anchor rods are fixedly spliced ​​with the columns. Although this solution combines the anchor rods with the retaining wall structure, the anchoring strength between the anchor rods and the soil is insufficient, which affects the overall stability. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect and a construction method thereof, which forms a "permanent and temporary combination" by combining the concrete surface layer, the ecological surface layer and the expansion anchor rods to make the retaining structure more stable, safer and more durable.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect, comprising a supporting net, a concrete surface layer and an ecological surface layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the expansion anchor rod passes through the concrete surface layer and the supporting net; the ecological surface layer is formed by a plurality of ecological embedments embedded in the transverse and longitudinal directions, and the expansion anchor rod comprises a detachably connected threaded rod and an anchor head, the threaded rod is sleeved with a sleeve, and a plurality of expansion nails are connected to the side of the sleeve facing the anchor head, and under the action of thrust, the expansion nails move axially along the threaded rod to the anchor head with the sleeve to open the expansion nails.

[0007] As a further implementation, the ecological inlay has a protruding auxiliary inlay at one end and a recessed auxiliary inlay matched with the protruding auxiliary inlay at the other end.

[0008] As a further implementation, both side walls of the protruding auxiliary inlay and the inner and outer side walls of the recessed auxiliary inlay are provided with grouting holes.

[0009] As a further implementation method, the ecological block has a protrusion on one side and a groove matched with the protrusion on the other side; the protrusions and grooves of adjacent ecological blocks on the same side of the ecological surface layer are staggered.

[0010] As a further implementation method, the ecological block is provided with a penetrating vegetation hole.

[0011] As a further implementation method, the expansion nail is rotatably connected to the sleeve, and a nut for pushing the sleeve is installed at one end of the threaded rod.

[0012] As a further implementation, barbs are arranged on the surface of the expansion nail, and the barbs and the expansion nail form a set angle.

[0013] As a further implementation, when the expansion nail is in the expanded state, the threaded rod can be separated from the anchor head to be replaced by a steel strand.

[0014] On the second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention also provides a construction method for an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect, wherein a support net is laid along the slope, and concrete is sprayed to form a concrete surface layer; after the concrete surface layer reaches a set strength, ecological embedments are laid; then, the expansion anchor rod is driven into the drilled hole, and the nut pedestal is fixed to the concrete surface layer.

[0015] As a further implementation method, when laying the ecological surface layer, the horizontally adjacent ecological inlays are embedded through the protruding auxiliary inlays and the recessed auxiliary inlays, and the vertically adjacent ecological inlays are matched through the protrusions and the grooves; and the laid ecological surface layer is grouted;

[0016] During the construction of expansion anchor rods, the expansion anchor rods are driven into the rock layer at the pre-marked drilling position on the concrete surface layer. When the threaded drill bit is screwed in to the specified depth, the nut is rotated to apply prestress, pushing the sleeve and expansion nail forward until the sleeve and anchor head are in contact, and the expansion nail opens into an umbrella-like state; then the threaded rod is withdrawn, the steel strand is inserted, and grouting is subsequently carried out.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0018] The present invention plays a role in stabilizing the slope through the spliced ​​ecological surface layer, and cooperates with the expansion anchor rod to make the landslide body meet the self-locking condition. At the same time, the expansion anchor rod can also serve as a safety reserve of the retaining structure, further ensuring the safety and durability of the retaining structure; the support net and the concrete surface layer play a temporary support role during construction, which can enhance the stability and integrity of the entire structure; the later ecological surface layer and the expansion anchor rod play a permanent support role, and the two are combined with each other to form a "permanent and temporary combination" form, which can avoid repeated construction in the later stage, can greatly reduce the workload and reduce the construction cost.

[0019] The ecological surface layer of the present invention is composed of multiple ecological embedded blocks. Compared with traditional building blocks, the through-hole design of the vegetation holes can not only reduce the unit density of the building blocks, thereby reducing the base pressure and lowering the requirements of the wall on the foundation bearing capacity; at the same time, it reduces material consumption and improves economic benefits. In addition, it can also stabilize the slope, maintain water and soil to form an ecological landscape, beautify the environment and improve the ecological benefits.

[0020] A sleeve and an expansion nail are arranged on the threaded rod of the expansion anchor rod of the present invention. After the expansion anchor rod is driven into the soil, the expansion nail is opened by screwing the nut, thereby increasing the friction between the expansion anchor rod and the soil. Then the threaded rod is pulled out and the prestressed steel strand is driven into the rod to improve the pull-out bearing capacity, which is economical and efficient.

[0021] The ecological insert of the present invention forms a corrugated matching surface through staggered protrusions and grooves, so that the ecological inserts are in closer contact with each other, and the entire ecological surface layer has a certain flexibility, thereby improving safety and durability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The accompanying drawings in the specification, which constitute a part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute improper limitations on the present invention.

[0023] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an eco-block structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an ecological surface layer structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of an expansion anchor structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an expansion anchor in an expanded state according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an expansion nail when the expansion anchor rod is completely closed according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the sleeve of the expansion anchor when the expansion anchor is completely closed according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of a steel strand structure according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection between a steel strand and an anchor head according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

[0031] Fig. 9 It is a self-locking schematic.

[0032] Among them, 1. protruding auxiliary inlay; 101. first protrusion side wall; 102. second protrusion side wall; 2. recessed auxiliary inlay; 201. first recess outer wall; 202. first recess inner wall; 203. second recess inner wall; 204. second recess outer wall; 3. vegetation hole; 4. protrusion; 5. third grouting hole; 6. second grouting hole; 7. first grouting hole; 8. threaded rod; 9. nut; 10. sleeve; 11. expansion nail; 12. anchor head; 13. steel strand; 14. groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] Embodiment 1:

[0034] This embodiment provides an ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect, including an ecological surface layer, a wire mesh, a concrete surface layer and an expansion anchor rod, wherein the support mesh, the concrete surface layer and the ecological surface layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, and the concrete surface layer is formed by pouring concrete on the surface of the support mesh; while enhancing the overall stability, it plays a role of permanent and temporary combination. The expansion anchor rod passes through the concrete surface layer and the support mesh and is anchored to the soil.

[0035] The support mesh in this embodiment is a steel mesh or an iron mesh.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ecological surface layer is formed by splicing a plurality of ecological inlays, one end of the ecological inlay has a protruding auxiliary inlay 1, and the other end has a recessed auxiliary inlay 2, and adjacent ecological inlays arranged in the transverse direction are embedded through the protruding auxiliary inlay 1 and the recessed auxiliary inlay 2.

[0037] In this embodiment, the horizontal and vertical directions are relative concepts, where one direction in the same plane is the horizontal direction and the other perpendicular direction is the vertical direction.

[0038] The ecological inlay has a protrusion 4 on one side and a groove 14 on the other side. Adjacent ecological inlays arranged along the longitudinal direction are embedded through the protrusion 4 and the groove 14; the longitudinal direction is perpendicular to the transverse direction, and the ecological inlays are spliced ​​into an ecological surface layer by the cooperation of protruding auxiliary inlays 1 and recessed auxiliary inlays 2, and protrusions 4 and grooves 14.

[0039] In this embodiment, the protruding auxiliary inlay 1 is a rectangular block structure, and the recessed auxiliary inlay 2 is a rectangular groove structure adapted to the protruding auxiliary inlay 1; the cross section of the protrusion 4 is an arc shape, and the shape of the groove 14 is adapted to the protrusion 4. In the ecological surface layer, the protrusions 4 and the grooves 14 on the same side are arranged alternately to form a corrugated contact surface, so that the connection between the ecological inlays is more firm and the retaining structure has a certain flexibility.

[0040] Moreover, the sizes of the protrusions 4 and the grooves 14 are smaller than the sizes of the protruding auxiliary inlays 1 and the recessed auxiliary inlays 2, which facilitates the laying of the ecological surface layer.

[0041] It can be understood that in other embodiments, the protruding auxiliary inlay 1, the recessed auxiliary inlay 2, the protrusion 4 and the groove 14 may also be in other shapes.

[0042] The ecological block is provided with a through vegetation hole 3 along a plane perpendicular to the horizontal and longitudinal planes. The vegetation hole 3 can be a square hole, a round hole or other shapes. Green plants can be planted in the hole to play a reinforcement role while retaining water and soil to prevent the formation of silt caused by the interaction between the outside and the soil.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, one side of the protruding auxiliary inlay 1 forms a first protrusion side wall 101, and the other side forms a second protrusion side wall 102. The first protrusion side wall 101 and the second protrusion side wall 102 are respectively provided with a plurality of first grouting holes 7, and the first grouting holes 7 do not penetrate through the protrusion side wall.

[0044] The first recessed side wall 201 and the second recessed outer side wall 204 are formed opposite to each other on the outside of the recessed auxiliary inlay 2, and the first recessed inner side wall 202 and the second recessed inner side wall 203 are formed opposite to each other on the inside of the recessed auxiliary inlay 2, and each of the recessed side walls is provided with a plurality of second grouting holes 6. The second grouting holes 6 of the first recessed side wall 201 (the second recessed outer side wall 204) and the first recessed inner side wall 202 (the second recessed inner side wall 203) may be connected or not connected.

[0045] A third grouting hole 5 is provided on the top wall of the recessed auxiliary inlay 2 located between the inner side wall 202 of the first recess and the inner side wall 203 of the second recess; a certain gap is formed at the junction of adjacent embedded blocks, and grout is poured into the first grouting hole 7, the second grouting hole 6 and the third grouting hole 5 through the gap, so that the adjacent ecological embedded blocks are bonded and fixed to achieve a tight connection.

[0046] like Figure 3 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the expansion anchor includes a threaded rod 8, an anchor head 12, a sleeve 10, and an expansion nail 11. One end of the threaded rod 8 is detachably connected to the anchor head 12. In this embodiment, the threaded rod 8 is threadedly connected to the anchor head 12, and an internal threaded hole is provided in the anchor head 12.

[0047] The sleeve 10 is sleeved on the outside of the threaded rod 8, and a plurality of expansion nails 11 are evenly distributed circumferentially on the side of the sleeve 10 facing the anchor head 12; in the closed state, the total length of the sleeve 10 and the expansion nail 11 is less than the length of the threaded rod 8. One end of the expansion nail 11 is rotatably connected to the sleeve 10, and under the action of pushing, the other end of the expansion nail 11 rotates around the rotating end to open the expansion nail 11.

[0048] The number of expansion nails 11 is set according to the actual anchoring requirements, for example, six, or other numbers. The surface of the expansion nail 11 is arranged with metal barbs, which can be steel barbs, to increase the anchoring force on the soil. The barbs and the expansion nail 11 form a certain acute angle along the insertion direction, and the distribution of the barbs can be determined according to the engineering requirements.

[0049] In this embodiment, the anchor head 12 is a conical structure, and threads are distributed around the anchor head 12 .

[0050] The other end of the threaded rod 8 is installed with a nut 9, which is located on the other side of the sleeve 10. By rotating the nut 9, it pushes the sleeve 10, and the expansion nail 11 moves axially along the threaded rod 8 with the sleeve 10 until the end of the sleeve 10 connected with the expansion nail 11 contacts the anchor head 12. Figure 4 As shown, at this time, the expansion nail 11 is radially expanded along the threaded rod 8 to form an umbrella-like structure.

[0051] After the expansion nail 11 is opened, the threaded rod 8 is separated from the anchor head 12, and the threaded rod 8 and the nut 9 are pulled out; Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, a steel strand 13 is inserted into the center of an anchor head 12 through a sleeve 10 as an expansion thread nail core, and then concrete is poured into the rock hole formed by drilling the anchor head 12 to form an expansion thread nail made of concrete.

[0052] like Fig. 9 As shown in Figure 2, when friction exists, the reaction force of the support surface on the balanced object includes the normal reaction force F N and tangential friction F S The resultant of these two forces is called the total restraint reaction force of the support surface. The angle between it and the supporting surface Will change with the change of the main force. When the object is in a critical equilibrium state, The angle reaches a maximum value The maximum value of the angle between the total constraint force and the normal It is called the friction angle.

[0053] If the line of action of the resultant force Q acting on the object is within the friction angle, then no matter how large this force is, there is always a total reaction force In equilibrium with it, the object remains stationary. This equilibrium condition, which is independent of the magnitude of the force but related to the friction angle, is called the self-locking condition. The equilibrium phenomenon of an object under this condition is called the self-locking phenomenon.

[0054] Self-locking is applied to this embodiment, and the soil slope is simplified into a mechanical model consisting of a soft sliding surface in the upper layer and a hard rock layer in the lower layer. The soft sliding surface is the main factor causing the landslide, that is, the focus of treatment. In the natural untreated state, the soft sliding surface is subject to its own gravity, the support force and friction of the hard rock layer. Since the friction coefficient between the soil and the rock layer is small, the resultant force of the main force on the sliding surface is not within the self-locking angle range, and the self-locking condition is not met. Therefore, it is very easy for the soil to slide without treatment.

[0055] After the expansion anchor rod is driven into the rock formation, the prestress is applied by rotating the nut 9, pushing the casing 10 and the expansion nail 11 forward until the casing 10 and the anchor head 12 are in contact, and the expansion nail 11 is in an umbrella-like open state. In addition to playing the role of a common anchor rod, when the expansion anchor rod enters the soil layer, the friction between the expansion nail 11 and the rock mass is superimposed on the original friction between the soil and the rock mass, thereby achieving the effect of increasing the friction factor on a macro scale, which is equivalent to increasing The range of self-locking conditions is expanded. Under the same stress state, the weak sliding surface whose resultant force of the original main force is not within the self-locking angle range meets the self-locking conditions, thereby achieving the self-locking effect and preventing the soil from sliding.

[0056] Embodiment 2:

[0057] This embodiment provides a construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect. During construction, a wire mesh is laid on the slope and concrete is sprayed and poured. After the layer reaches a certain strength, the ecological embedment is laid, and finally the expansion anchor rod is driven into the drilled hole, and the nut pedestal is fixed on the concrete surface layer.

[0058] In this embodiment, the expansion anchor rod is driven directly into the soil from the vegetation hole. Not every vegetation hole is inserted with the expansion anchor rod, depending on the specific engineering conditions. The expansion anchor rod is inserted into the vegetation holes that meet the engineering requirements, and ecological plants are planted in the vegetation holes that do not meet the engineering requirements.

[0059] The specific steps include:

[0060] The construction method of forming an ecological surface layer by staggered and connected ecological blocks includes:

[0061] 1) Lay out the construction lines, level the foundation, and lay the wire mesh foundation on the soft slope.

[0062] 2) Spray concrete slurry on the wire mesh foundation to form a concrete surface layer.

[0063] 3) Lay the ecological surface layer on top of the concrete surface layer, arrange the protruding auxiliary inlays and the recessed auxiliary inlays vertically up and down, and attach the two side walls of the upper protruding auxiliary inlay part to the left inner wall and the right inner wall of the lower recessed part. The angle between adjacent inlays is 0°, and the convex and concave parts of the single-sided corrugated contact surface appear alternately.

[0064] 4) The corrugated contact surface is formed by protrusions and grooves in the horizontal direction.

[0065] 5) Grout the laid ecological surface layer blocks according to the reserved grouting holes to the designed strength.

[0066] Expansion anchor construction methods include:

[0067] 1) Lay out the construction lines, level the foundation, and lay the wire mesh foundation on the soft slope.

[0068] 2) Spray concrete slurry on the wire mesh foundation to form a concrete surface layer.

[0069] 3) Drive the expansion anchor rod into the rock layer at the pre-marked drilling position on the concrete surface. When the threaded drill bit is screwed into the specified depth, the motor rotates the nut to apply prestress, pushing the sleeve and expansion nail forward until the sleeve and anchor head contact. At this time, the expansion nail is in an umbrella-like state and firmly stuck in the sliding surface. Then withdraw the threaded rod, insert the steel strand, and then grouting.

[0070] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect, characterized in that: An ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect is used. The ecological retaining wall includes a support net, a concrete surface layer and an ecological surface layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The expansion anchor rod runs through the concrete surface layer and the support net. The ecological surface layer is formed by a plurality of ecological inserts being embedded in the horizontal and vertical directions. The expansion anchor rod includes a detachably connected threaded rod and an anchor head. The threaded rod is provided with a sleeve. A plurality of expansion nails are connected to the side of the sleeve facing the anchor head. Under the action of thrust, the expansion nail moves along the threaded rod axially to the anchor head with the sleeve to open the expansion nail. The ecological inlay has a protruding auxiliary inlay at one end and a recessed auxiliary inlay matching the protruding auxiliary inlay at the other end; Both side walls of the protruding auxiliary inlay and the inner and outer side walls of the recessed auxiliary inlay are provided with grouting holes; The ecological embedment block is provided with a penetrating vegetation hole; When the expansion nail is in the open state, the threaded rod can be separated from the anchor head to be replaced by a steel strand; The anchor head is a conical structure, and threads are distributed around the anchor head; The expansion anchor rod is driven directly into the soil from the vegetation hole that meets the engineering requirements; ecological plants are planted in the vegetation hole that does not meet the engineering requirements; The expansion nail is rotatably connected to the sleeve, and a nut for pushing the sleeve is installed at one end of the threaded rod; The construction method comprises: Lay the support net along the slope, and spray concrete to form a concrete surface layer. After the concrete surface layer reaches the set strength, lay the ecological inserts; then drive the expansion anchor into the drilled hole, and fix the nut base to the concrete surface layer; When laying the ecological surface layer, the horizontally adjacent ecological inlays are embedded through the protruding auxiliary inlays and the recessed auxiliary inlays, and the vertically adjacent ecological inlays are matched through the protrusions and the grooves; and the laid ecological surface layer is grouted; During the construction of expansion anchor rods, the expansion anchor rods are driven into the rock and soil layer at the pre-marked drilling position on the concrete surface layer. When the threaded anchor head is screwed into the specified depth, the nut is rotated to apply prestress, pushing the sleeve and expansion nail forward until the sleeve and anchor head are in contact, and the expansion nail is in an umbrella-like open state; then the threaded rod is withdrawn, the steel strand is inserted, and then grouting is carried out.

2. The construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on the self-locking expansion effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The ecological inlay has a protrusion on one side and a groove matched with the protrusion on the other side; the protrusions and grooves of adjacent ecological inlays on the same side of the ecological surface layer are staggered.

3. The construction method of an ecological retaining wall based on a self-locking expansion effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface of the expansion nail is provided with barbs, and the barbs and the expansion nail form a set angle.

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