A multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device and its use method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of static-dynamic combined loading test devices, a multi-stage adjustable centripetal static-dynamic combined loading test device, comprising a frame structure and a loading cylinder, wherein the loading cylinder is arranged above the frame structure, and a plurality of legs are arranged below the structural frame, the loading cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod, a fixing ring is embedded on the cylinder barrel, a locking hole is arranged below the fixing ring at a position in contact with the structural frame, a positioning hole matching the locking hole is arranged on the structural frame, and a bolt is passed through the locking hole and the positioning hole to fix the loading cylinder; the present invention has the following beneficial effects, and can constitute annular loading, centripetal symmetrical and asymmetrical loading tests on a specimen; loading of specimens of different sizes to be loaded can be realized under the same loading stroke; during dynamic loading, the gas in the rod cavity in the loading cylinder can be quickly discharged, and the resistance encountered will be smaller, which is conducive to the rapid filling of high-pressure hydraulic oil into the loading cylinder, and is conducive to the formation of dynamic loading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of static and dynamic combined loading test devices, and in particular to a multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] my country's coal resources have generally entered the deep mining stage. The high stress and strong disturbance in the deep cause the damage of dynamic disasters such as rock burst to become more and more severe. In severe cases, it will cause hundreds of meters of tunnels to shrink and deform instantly, collapse, and damage the support body. In response to this engineering problem, the development of support equipment with anti-impact and anti-impact characteristics is urgently needed in the deep mining stage of mines with dynamic disasters such as rock burst. Among the existing tunnel support equipment, O-type shed supports (annular U-shaped steel supports) and arched gate hydraulic supports are the two most significant and critical types of anti-impact effects in shafts and tunnels. Among them, O-type shed supports are widely used and have a large application volume; arched gate hydraulic supports are the most significant support equipment for improving the strength of tunnel support and enhancing the stability of the support system. The two types of support equipment are both circular tunnel section supports. They must bear the pressure of the surrounding rock inward (into the tunnel) and the impact of the surrounding rock to the inside of the tunnel during sudden impact. If the superimposed load exceeds its bearing capacity, serious deformation, damage or collapse will occur. Therefore, the design and performance research of the anti-impact function of the O-type shed support and arched door hydraulic support requires the test or detection of the superposition of static and dynamic loads (impact) distributed in a circle to simulate the response when subjected to impact in the circular tunnel support state.

[0003] The existing domestic impact testing machines mainly include pendulum impact testing machines, drop hammer impact testing machines, Hopkinson pressure bar impact testing machines, and uniaxial hydraulic impact testing machines. Among them, the pendulum impact testing machine is mainly used to test the impact performance of materials, with a relatively small energy level, generally only a few hundred joules of energy; the metal drop hammer impact testing machine has a relatively wide test range, and the largest test range is the heavy-duty ultra-high drop hammer impact testing machine of the Institute of Comprehensive Protection of Engineering Structures of Hunan University, with an energy level of up to 100,000 joules and a speed of up to 17m / s, but it is also a unidirectional impact; the Hopkinson pressure bar impact testing machine is mainly used for high-speed impact testing of small specimens, with a relatively high bullet impact speed, but a relatively small energy level; the uniaxial hydraulic impact testing machine currently has a tonnage of 650T in China, but it is also limited to unidirectional impact testing. In addition, the British Instron high-speed impact testing machine and the Japanese Shimadzu Shimadzu impact testing machine are both unidirectional impact testing machines.

[0004] From the above, it can be seen that various forms of impact testing machines currently cannot perform circular loading and cannot meet the needs of annular centripetal static and dynamic (impact) loading of circular tunnel section support equipment. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to innovate and invent a new type of annular centripetal loading testing machine to realize static and dynamic loading testing and detection of tunnel section support equipment.

[0005] In addition, to facilitate research, support equipment is usually tested using models of different scales. At the same time, it is also necessary to study the performance differences of different types of support equipment. Therefore, the platform range of the test device needs to have a certain degree of adaptability. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device and a method of using the same, which can overcome certain or some defects of the prior art.

[0007] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides: a multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device, comprising a frame structure and a loading cylinder, wherein the loading cylinder is arranged above the frame structure, and a plurality of legs are provided below the structural frame, the loading cylinder comprises a cylinder barrel and a piston rod, a fixing ring is embedded in the cylinder barrel, a locking hole is provided below the fixing ring at a position in contact with the structural frame, a positioning hole matching the locking hole is provided on the structural frame, and a bolt is passed through the locking hole and the positioning hole to fix the loading cylinder.

[0008] Preferably, a hydraulic oil port is provided at the rear end of the loading cylinder, a gas port is provided at the front end, a second connecting plate is connected to the front end of the piston rod by screws, the second connecting plate is a disc-shaped structure, a pressure sensor is connected to one side of the second connecting plate by bolts, and a loading head is provided at the other end of the pressure sensor.

[0009] Preferably, the loading head is a loading head with a U-shaped contact shape.

[0010] Preferably, the diameter of the hydraulic oil port is larger than the diameter of the gas port.

[0011] Preferably, there are multiple locking holes on the fixing ring, and they are evenly distributed on both sides of the loading cylinder.

[0012] Preferably, a plurality of positioning holes matching the locking holes are provided on the structural frame and are distributed radially.

[0013] Preferably, the frame structure is a disc-shaped structure, and a plurality of loading cylinders are arranged centripetally above the frame structure in a circumferential direction, and the plurality of loading cylinders are arranged centripetally to form a circular centripetal loading for the specimen;

[0014] Preferably, a receiving cavity is provided at the center of the frame structure, an oil separation plate is provided at the bottom of the receiving cavity, and the oil separation plate is connected to the frame structure via a first connecting plate;

[0015] Preferably, the oil inlet of the oil distribution plate is located below the center, and oil distribution ports are opened around the ring. The oil distribution ports correspond to the loading cylinders one by one and are connected to the hydraulic oil ports through oil pipes.

[0016] A method for using a multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device comprises the following steps:

[0017] ① Assemble according to the above structural relationship, and set the corresponding hydraulic control system, and connect the air compression pump through the air pipe at the second reversing valve;

[0018] ② According to the requirements of the test piece to be loaded, adjust the position of the loading cylinder 3, pass the bolts through the locking hole 38 and the positioning hole 11 to fix the loading cylinder 3, place the test piece, and select whether to open the stop valve between the oil distribution plate 13 and the loading cylinder 3 according to the loading requirements, so as to select the loading cylinder 3 at the symmetrical or asymmetrical position arranged in the circumferential direction of the frame structure 1 for loading, so as to form symmetrical or asymmetrical loading;

[0019] ③ Start the static load pump and control the first reversing valve to work in the left position to switch the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, so that the hydraulic oil flows into the loading cylinder from the hydraulic oil port and the air flows out from the gas port, so that the piston rod of the loading cylinder extends to perform static loading on the test piece. At the same time, the static load pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the first pressure regulating valve;

[0020] ④ Start the dynamic load pump to charge the accumulator and store energy, and adjust the energy storage size by adjusting the second pressure regulating valve;

[0021] ⑤ When the accumulator pressure reaches the set value, dynamic loading is ready, the first control valve is controlled to switch to open the corresponding hydraulically controlled one-way valve, so that a large amount of high-pressure hydraulic oil flows from the accumulator through the oil distribution plate into each loading cylinder, so that the loading cylinder is quickly extended to form dynamic loading;

[0022] ⑥ Close the dynamic load pump, the first control valve, the static load pump and the first reversing valve, control the second reversing valve to open and reverse, so that the compressed gas flows into the loading cylinder from the gas port, and the hydraulic oil flows out from the hydraulic oil port, so that the piston rod of the loading cylinder retracts, closes the second reversing valve, and the loading is completed.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The frame structure 1 is a disc-shaped structure. A plurality of loading cylinders 3 are arranged centripetally above the frame structure 1 in a circumferential direction. The plurality of loading cylinders 3 are arranged in a ring shape to form a ring-shaped loading for the specimen, and a ring-shaped centripetal symmetrical and asymmetrical loading test can be performed on the specimen.

[0025] 2. The present invention adjusts the front and rear positions of the loading cylinder 3 by adjusting the locking hole 38 to correspond to the positioning holes 11 at different front and rear positions and fixing them with bolts to adapt to specimens of different models and sizes to be loaded. It can be adjusted in multiple levels to achieve loading of specimens of different sizes to be loaded under the same loading stroke.

[0026] 3. The diameter of the hydraulic oil port 33 of the present invention is larger than the diameter of the gas port 34. The gas port 34 passes through the second reversing valve 9 and the air compression pump. During dynamic loading, the gas in the rod cavity in the loading cylinder 3 can be quickly discharged, and the resistance encountered will be smaller, which is conducive to the rapid injection of high-pressure hydraulic oil into the loading cylinder 3 and the formation of dynamic loading. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the main cutaway structure of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged schematic diagram in the middle;

[0029] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic control principle in the first embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] in:

[0032] 1. Frame structure; 11. Positioning hole; 12. Accommodating chamber; 13. Oil distribution plate; 14. First connecting plate; 2. Support foot; 3. Loading cylinder; 31. Cylinder barrel; 32. Fixing ring; 33. Hydraulic oil port; 34. Gas port; 35. Piston rod; 36. Second connecting plate; 37. Pressure sensor; 38. Locking hole; 4. Static load pump; 41. First pressure regulating valve; 5. First reversing valve; 6. Dynamic load pump; 61. Second pressure regulating valve; 7. Accumulator; 8. First control valve; 9. Second reversing valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to further understand the content of the present invention, the present invention is described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit it.

[0034] Embodiment 1

[0035] like Figures 1 to 3As shown, a multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device includes a frame structure 1 and a loading cylinder 3. The loading cylinder 3 is arranged above the frame structure 1. A plurality of legs 2 are arranged below the structural frame 1. The loading cylinder 3 includes a cylinder barrel 31 and a piston rod 35. A fixing ring 32 is embedded in the cylinder barrel 31. A locking hole 38 is arranged below the fixing ring 32 at the contact point with the structural frame 1. A positioning hole 11 matching the locking hole 38 is arranged on the structural frame 1. Bolts are passed through the locking hole 38 and the positioning hole 11 to fix the loading cylinder 3.

[0036] In order to further improve the performance of the present invention, a hydraulic oil port 33 is provided at the rear end of the loading cylinder 3, a gas port 34 is provided at the front end, and a second connecting plate 36 is connected to the front end of the piston rod 35 by screws. The second connecting plate 36 is a disc-shaped structure, and a pressure sensor 37 is connected to one side of the second connecting plate 36 by bolts. A loading head is provided at the other end of the pressure sensor 37. During loading, the loading head directly acts on the specimen to be loaded. In the drawings of the present application, the loading head is configured to be threaded and in contact with the pressure sensor 37, and the shape is configured to be a bullet head shape, but it can be configured not only as such a structure, but also as a bolt connection or a fixed connection, which is also within the protection scope of the present application. A loading head configured as a plane contact or a U-shaped contact is also within the protection scope of the present application. Among them, the loading head with a U-shaped contact shape can limit the specimen to be loaded, avoid the situation where static loading is required when the specimen is installed, and can also effectively prevent the problem of warping of the specimen to be loaded after deformation under load without continuing radial deformation.

[0037] With this arrangement, the gas port 34 is connected to the compressed gas, and the hydraulic oil port 33 is connected to the high-pressure hydraulic oil. During dynamic loading, the resistance encountered by the loading cylinder 3 will be smaller, making it easier to install the pressure sensor 37 and to measure the force during loading.

[0038] The diameter of the hydraulic oil port 33 is greater than the diameter of the gas port 34. Such an arrangement is conducive to the rapid injection of high-pressure hydraulic oil into the loading cylinder 3, which is conducive to the formation of dynamic loading.

[0039] There are multiple locking holes 38 on the fixing ring 32 , and they are evenly distributed on both sides of the loading cylinder 3 .

[0040] There are multiple positioning holes 11 on the structural frame 1 that match the locking holes 38, and they are radially distributed. They can be linearly evenly spaced or non-linearly and non-spaced. When the front and rear positions of the loading cylinder 3 need to be adjusted, the locking holes 38 can be adjusted to correspond to the positioning holes 11 at different front and rear positions, and the adjustment can be completed by fixing with bolts. The arrangement of multiple locking holes 38 and positioning holes 11 constitutes a multi-stage adjustment of the front and rear positions of the loading cylinder 3 to accommodate different models and sizes of specimens to be loaded. In this embodiment, those skilled in the art should understand that the specimens to be loaded include support equipment or equipment of one-to-one size, and also include scaled models of support equipment or equipment. In this way, the experimental needs for research on the performance of support equipment or equipment can be fully met.

[0041] The frame structure 1 is a disc-shaped structure. A plurality of loading cylinders 3 are arranged centripetally above the frame structure 1 in a circumferential direction. The plurality of loading cylinders 3 are arranged centripetally in a circular shape to form a circular centripetal loading for the specimen.

[0042] An accommodating cavity 12 is provided at the center of the frame structure 1 , an oil separation plate 13 is provided at the bottom of the accommodating cavity 12 , and the oil separation plate 13 is connected to the frame structure 1 via a first connecting plate 14 . In this embodiment, the first connecting plates 14 are provided at three locations.

[0043] The oil inlet of the oil distribution plate 13 is located below the center, and oil distribution ports are opened around the ring. The oil distribution ports correspond to the loading cylinders 3 one by one and are connected to the hydraulic oil port 33 through an oil pipe. The pressure flow of high-pressure hydraulic oil and other pressure flows can be evenly distributed to each loading cylinder 3, and a shut-off valve is provided between the oil distribution plate 13 and the loading cylinder 3 to facilitate the selection of whether to fill a certain loading cylinder 3 with liquid for loading according to needs.

[0044] According to the above-mentioned multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device, the present invention also provides a method for using the multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device. Figure 4 The hydraulic principle diagram shown is introduced, including the following steps:

[0045] ① Assemble according to the above structural relationship and set the corresponding hydraulic control system. In this embodiment, according to Figure 4 The connection is set up as shown in the schematic diagram, and the air compression pump is connected through the air pipe at the second reversing valve 9;

[0046] ② According to the requirements of the test piece to be loaded, adjust the position of the loading cylinder 3, pass the bolts through the locking hole 38 and the positioning hole 11 to fix the loading cylinder 3, place the test piece, and select whether to open the stop valve between the oil distribution plate 13 and the loading cylinder 3 according to the loading requirements, so as to select the loading cylinder 3 at the symmetrical or asymmetrical position arranged in the circumferential direction of the frame structure 1 for loading, so as to form symmetrical or asymmetrical loading;

[0047] ③ Start the static load pump 4 and control the first reversing valve 5 to work in the left position to switch the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, so that the hydraulic oil flows into the loading cylinder 3 from the hydraulic oil port 33 and the air flows out from the gas port 34, so that the piston rod 35 of the loading cylinder 3 extends to perform static loading on the test piece. At the same time, the static load pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the first pressure regulating valve 41;

[0048] ④ Start the dynamic load pump 6 to charge the accumulator 7 with liquid and store energy, and at the same time adjust the energy storage size by adjusting the second pressure regulating valve 61;

[0049] ⑤ When the accumulator pressure reaches the set value, dynamic loading is ready, the first control valve 8 is controlled to switch to open the corresponding hydraulically controlled one-way valve, so that a large amount of high-pressure hydraulic oil flows from the accumulator 7 through the oil distribution plate 13 into each loading cylinder 3, so that the loading cylinder 3 is quickly extended to form dynamic loading;

[0050] ⑥ Close the dynamic load pump 6 and the first control valve 8, control the second reversing valve 9 to open and reverse, so that the compressed gas flows into the loading cylinder 3 from the gas port 3, and the hydraulic oil flows out from the hydraulic oil port 33, so that the piston rod 35 of the loading cylinder 3 retracts, closes the second reversing valve 9, closes the static load pump 4, and the loading is completed.

[0051] The present invention and its embodiments are described schematically above, and the description is not restrictive. The drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if a person skilled in the art is inspired by it and designs a structural method and an embodiment similar to the technical solution without creativity without departing from the purpose of the invention, they shall all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device, comprising a frame structure (1) and a loading cylinder (3), characterized in that: The loading cylinder (3) is arranged above the frame structure (1), and a plurality of supporting legs (2) are arranged below the frame structure (1). The loading cylinder (3) comprises a cylinder barrel (31) and a piston rod (35). A fixing ring (32) is embedded in the cylinder barrel (31), and a locking hole (38) is arranged below the fixing ring (32) at a position in contact with the frame structure (1). A positioning hole (11) matching the locking hole (38) is arranged on the frame structure (1), and a bolt is passed through the locking hole (38) and the positioning hole (11) to fix the loading cylinder (3); A hydraulic oil port (33) is provided at the rear end of the loading cylinder (3), a gas port (34) is provided at the front end, a second connecting plate (36) is connected to the front end of the piston rod (35) by screws, the second connecting plate (36) is a disc-shaped structure, a pressure sensor (37) is connected to one side of the second connecting plate (36) by bolts, and a loading head is provided at the other end of the pressure sensor (37); A plurality of locking holes (38) are provided on the fixing ring (32) and are evenly distributed on both sides of the loading cylinder (3); A plurality of positioning holes (11) matching the locking holes (38) are provided on the frame structure (1) and are radially distributed; The frame structure (1) is a disc-shaped structure, and a plurality of loading cylinders (3) are arranged centrifugally in a circumferential direction above the frame structure (1). The plurality of loading cylinders (3) are arranged centrifugally in an annular manner, thereby forming an annular centrifugal loading for the specimen.

2. A multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loading head is a loading head with a U-shaped contact shape.

3. A multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The diameter of the hydraulic oil port (33) is greater than the diameter of the gas port (34).

4. A multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A receiving cavity (12) is provided at the centre of the frame structure (1), an oil separation plate (13) is provided at the bottom of the receiving cavity (12), and the oil separation plate (13) is connected to the frame structure (1) via a first connecting plate (14).

5. A multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The oil inlet of the oil distribution plate (13) is located below the center, and oil distribution ports are provided around the circular ring. The oil distribution ports correspond one-to-one with the loading cylinders (3) and are connected to the hydraulic oil ports (33) via oil pipes.

6. A method for using the multi-stage adjustable centripetal static and dynamic combined loading test device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: ① Connect the device to the corresponding hydraulic control system and connect the air compressor pump through the air pipe at the second reversing valve (9); ② According to the requirements of the test piece to be loaded, the position of the loading cylinder (3) is adjusted, and the bolts are passed through the locking holes (38) and the positioning holes (11) to fix the loading cylinder (3), and the test piece is placed. According to the loading requirements, it is selected whether to open the stop valve between the oil distribution plate (13) and the loading cylinder (3), so as to select the loading cylinder (3) at the symmetrical or asymmetrical position arranged in the circumferential direction of the frame structure (1) for loading, so as to form symmetrical or asymmetrical loading; ③ Start the static load pump (4) and control the first reversing valve (5) to work in the left position to switch the flow direction of the hydraulic oil, so that the hydraulic oil flows from the hydraulic oil port (33) into the loading cylinder (3), and the air flows out from the gas port (34), so that the piston rod (35) of the loading cylinder (3) extends, and the test piece is statically loaded. At the same time, the static load pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the first pressure regulating valve (41); ④ starting the dynamic load pump (6) to charge the accumulator (7) with liquid to store energy, and at the same time adjusting the amount of stored energy by adjusting the second pressure regulating valve (61); ⑤ When the energy storage pressure reaches the set value, dynamic loading is prepared, and the first control valve (8) is controlled to switch to open the corresponding hydraulically controlled one-way valve, so that a large amount of high-pressure hydraulic oil flows from the accumulator (7) through the oil distribution plate (13) into each loading cylinder (3), so that the loading cylinder (3) is quickly extended to form dynamic loading; ⑥ The dynamic load pump (6), the first control valve (8), the static load pump (4) and the first reversing valve (5) are closed, and the second reversing valve (9) is controlled to open and reverse, so that the compressed gas flows into the loading cylinder (3) from the gas port (34), and the hydraulic oil flows out from the hydraulic oil port (33), so that the piston rod (35) of the loading cylinder (3) retracts, and the second reversing valve (9) is closed, and the loading is completed.

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