Evaluation Test Equipment and Method for Excavation Resistance of the Cutting Edge Plate of a Hydraulic Excavator Bucket

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test equipment and method for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket. The technical solution is to adjust the angle of the cutting edge plate of the test bucket, measure the cylinder pressure and displacement of the working device during excavation, and then calculate the work done during excavation, and use the work done to evaluate the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate. The present invention has the characteristics of direct comparison.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a test equipment and method for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic excavator tests. Background Art

[0002] Hydraulic excavators are the main tools for earthwork operations, and the maximum digging force is the main parameter for evaluating the performance of excavators. However, for excavators with different working device sizes but the same maximum digging force, the excavation experiences during actual operation are almost never the same. The cutting edge plate at the bottom of the bucket is one of the main components of the bucket. The cutting trajectories of the cutting edge plates at the bottom of the bucket are different during excavation for working devices with different parameters, and an unreasonable design of the cutting edge plate angle will increase the excavation resistance. Usually, the operator evaluates the whole machine, and it is very difficult to directly evaluate the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate. Moreover, it is obviously unreasonable to configure a large number of test buckets for each model. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention aims to overcome the above defects, and the purpose is to provide a test equipment and test method for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0005] The present invention discloses a test equipment for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket, including a plurality of displacement sensors, a plurality of pressure sensors, a camera, and a test bucket; the plurality of displacement sensors are respectively installed on the boom cylinder, the arm cylinder, and the bucket cylinder for detecting the output displacements of the boom cylinder, the arm cylinder, and the bucket cylinder; the plurality of pressure sensors are respectively installed on the large and small chambers of the boom cylinder, the arm cylinder, and the bucket cylinder for detecting the pressures of the large and small chambers of the boom cylinder, the arm cylinder, and the bucket cylinder; the camera is installed in front of the cab for observing the excavation area; the test bucket is used to replace the original bucket of the hydraulic excavator.

[0006] Further scheme: the test bucket includes a top plate, a left ear plate, a right ear plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, fixing bolts, and a cutting edge plate; the top plate is a rectangular flat plate; the left ear plate and the right ear plate are respectively fixed on the upper surface of the top plate, parallel to the side edges of the top plate and symmetric about the central plane of the top plate; the left side plate and the right side plate are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the top plate, parallel to the left and right ear plates and symmetric about the central plane of the top plate; the fixing bolts are connected between the left side plate and the right side plate, at the bottom of the left and right side plates and close to the outer side surface; the cutting edge plate is connected between the left side plate and the right side plate and can be adjusted in angle in the left and right side plates.

[0007] Further solution: At the tip parts of the left plate and the right plate, a coaxially arranged U-shaped groove is respectively provided inward; taking the U-shaped groove as the center, an arc-shaped hole is respectively opened on the left plate and the right plate and they are coaxially arranged.

[0008] Further solution: The cutting edge plate is composed of a rectangular plate, an upper pin shaft and a lower pin shaft; an upper pin shaft is arranged at the upper part of the rectangular plate, and a lower pin shaft is arranged at the lower part of the rectangular plate; the upper pin shafts are respectively installed in the arc-shaped holes of the left plate and the right plate and fixed with bolts; the lower pin shafts are respectively installed in the U-shaped grooves of the left plate and the right plate and fixed with bolts.

[0009] Further solution: At the bottom of the left plate and the right plate and near the outer side surface, a coaxially arranged through hole is respectively provided, and the fixing bolt passes through the two through holes and is fixed with a bolt.

[0010] Further solution: The multiple displacement sensors include displacement sensor I, displacement sensor II and displacement sensor III; displacement sensor I is installed on the bucket cylinder and used to detect the output displacement of the bucket cylinder; displacement sensor II is installed on the arm cylinder and used to detect the output displacement of the arm cylinder; displacement sensor III is installed on the boom cylinder and used to detect the output displacement of the boom cylinder.

[0011] Further solution: The multiple pressure sensors include pressure sensor I, pressure sensor II, pressure sensor III, pressure sensor IV, pressure sensor V and pressure sensor VI; pressure sensor I is installed in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder and used to detect the pressure in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder; pressure sensor II is installed in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder and used to detect the pressure in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder; pressure sensor III is installed in the large chamber of the arm cylinder and used to detect the pressure in the large chamber of the arm cylinder; pressure sensor IV is installed in the small chamber of the arm cylinder and used to detect the pressure in the small chamber of the arm cylinder; pressure sensor V is installed in the large chamber of the boom cylinder and used to detect the pressure in the large chamber of the boom cylinder; pressure sensor VI is installed in the small chamber of the boom cylinder and used to detect the pressure in the small chamber of the boom cylinder.

[0012] The present invention also discloses a test method for an evaluation test equipment of the excavation resistance of a hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate based on the above:

[0013] During the test, first determine the height of the excavation surface from the ground, adjust the angle of the cutting edge plate, and then, a skilled operator excavates the specified area according to the normal operation method.

[0014] Record the data of each sensor during the excavation process, and intercept the data of the pressure sensors and displacement sensors on the working device during the excavation process according to the video.

[0015] The work done during the excavation process is:

[0016] W = ∫F1dx1 + ∫F2dx2 + ∫F3dx3

[0017] Where: W is the total work done by the working device during the excavation process;

[0018] F1 is the output force of the bucket cylinder, which is calculated from the pressures of the large and small chambers of the bucket cylinder and the parameters of the bucket cylinder bore diameter;

[0019] X1 is the output displacement of the bucket cylinder;

[0020] F2 is the output force of the arm cylinder, which is calculated from the pressures of the large and small chambers of the arm cylinder and the parameters of the arm cylinder bore diameter;

[0021] X2 is the output displacement of the arm cylinder;

[0022] F3 is the output force of the boom cylinder, which is calculated from the pressures of the large and small chambers of the boom cylinder and the parameters of the boom cylinder bore diameter;

[0023] X3 is the output displacement of the boom cylinder.

[0024] Adjust the angle of the cutting edge plate at the same position and the same attitude, compare the work done during the excavation process, and obtain the most favorable cutting edge plate angle.

[0025] Further solution: F1 = (P1×S1 - P2×S2)×N1, where P1 is the pressure of the large chamber of the bucket cylinder, S1 is the acting area of the piston in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder; P2 is the pressure of the small chamber of the bucket cylinder, S2 is the acting area of the piston in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder; N1 is the number of bucket cylinders.

[0026] Further solution: F2 = (P3×S3 - P4×S4)×N2, where P3 is the pressure of the large chamber of the arm cylinder, S3 is the acting area of the piston in the large chamber of the arm cylinder; P4 is the pressure of the small chamber of the arm cylinder, S4 is the acting area of the piston in the small chamber of the arm cylinder; N2 is the number of arm cylinders.

[0027] Further solution: F3 = (P5×S5 - P6×S6)×N3, where P5 is the pressure of the large chamber of the boom cylinder, S5 is the acting area of the piston in the large chamber of the boom cylinder; P6 is the pressure of the small chamber of the boom cylinder, S6 is the acting area of the piston in the small chamber of the boom cylinder; N3 is the number of boom cylinders.

[0028] Advantages of the present invention:

[0029] Due to the adoption of the above solution, during the test process, the angle of the cutting edge plate is adjusted, the work done during the excavation process at different angles is compared, and the most favorable cutting edge plate angle is obtained. Therefore, the present invention has the characteristic of direct comparison. Description of the Drawings

[0030] The accompanying drawings, as part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but do not unduly limit the present invention. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0031] In the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the actual application of the evaluation test equipment for the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of the bucket of a hydraulic excavator according to the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the test bucket of the invention;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of the cutting edge plate of the invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the side plate of the invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1. Displacement sensor I, 2. Pressure sensor I, 3. Pressure sensor II, 4. Displacement sensor II, 5. Pressure sensor III, 6. Pressure sensor IV, 7. Camera, 8. Hydraulic excavator, 9. Pressure sensor V, 10. Pressure sensor VI, 11. Displacement sensor III, 12. Test bucket, 13. Fixed bolt, 14. Cutting edge plate, 15. Left side plate, 16. Top plate, 17. Left ear plate, 18. Right ear plate, 19. Right side plate, 20. Upper pin shaft, 21. Rectangular plate, 22. Lower pin shaft.

[0037] It should be noted that these drawings and text descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present invention in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed embodiments

[0038] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and defined, the terms "installation", "connection", and "coupling" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0041] As Figure 1 shown, a test equipment for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket includes a displacement sensor I 1, a pressure sensor I 2, a pressure sensor II 3, a displacement sensor II 4, a pressure sensor III 5, a pressure sensor IV 6, a camera 7, a hydraulic excavator 8, a pressure sensor V 9, a pressure sensor VI 10, a displacement sensor III 11, and a test bucket 12.

[0042] The displacement sensor I 1 is installed on the bucket cylinder to detect the output displacement of the bucket cylinder; the pressure sensor I 2 is installed in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder to detect the pressure in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder; the pressure sensor II 3 is installed in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder to detect the pressure in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder; the displacement sensor II 4 is installed on the arm cylinder to detect the output displacement of the arm cylinder; the pressure sensor III 5 is installed in the large chamber of the arm cylinder to detect the pressure in the large chamber of the arm cylinder; the pressure sensor IV 6 is installed in the small chamber of the arm cylinder to detect the pressure in the small chamber of the arm cylinder; the camera 7 is installed in front of the cab to observe the excavation area; the displacement sensor III 11 is installed on the boom cylinder to detect the output displacement of the boom cylinder; the pressure sensor V 9 is installed in the large chamber of the boom cylinder to detect the pressure in the large chamber of the boom cylinder; the pressure sensor VI 10 is installed in the small chamber of the boom cylinder to detect the pressure in the small chamber of the boom cylinder; the test bucket 12 is used to replace the original bucket of the hydraulic excavator 8.

[0043] As Figure 2 shown, the test bucket 12 consists of fixing bolts 13, a cutting edge plate 14, a left side plate 15, a top plate 16, a left ear plate 17, a right ear plate 18, and a right side plate 19. The top plate 16 is rectangular. The left ear plate 17 and the right ear plate 18 are welded on the upper surface of the top plate 16, parallel to the length direction and symmetric about the central plane of the top plate 16; the left side plate 15 and the right side plate 19 are welded on the left and right sides of the top plate 16 and are symmetric about the central plane of the top plate 16; the fixing bolts 13 connect the left side plate 15 and the right side plate 19 by a bolt connection. The upper pin shafts 20 of the cutting edge plate 14 are respectively installed in the arc-shaped holes of the left side plate 15 and the right side plate 19 and fixed with bolts, and the lower pin shafts 22 of the cutting edge plate 14 are respectively installed in the U-shaped grooves of the left side plate 15 and the right side plate 19 and fixed with bolts.

[0044] As Figure 4As shown, the left side plate 15 and the right side plate 19 have the same shape, and a U-shaped groove is opened inward at the bucket tip; an arc-shaped hole is opened on the side plate with the U-shaped groove as the center.

[0045] As Figure 3 shown, the cutting edge plate 14 is composed of a rectangular plate 21, an upper pin shaft 20 and a lower pin shaft 22. The upper pin shaft 20 is arranged at the upper part of the rectangular plate 21, and the lower pin shaft 22 is arranged at the lower part of the rectangular plate 21.

[0046] The following gives the test method of the above-mentioned test equipment for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of the hydraulic excavator bucket:

[0047] During the test, first determine the height of the excavation surface from the ground, adjust the angle of the cutting edge plate 14, and then, a skilled operator excavates the specified area according to the normal operation method. Record the data of each sensor during the excavation process, and intercept the data of the pressure sensor and displacement sensor on the working device during the excavation process according to the video.

[0048] The work done during the excavation process is:

[0049] w = ∫F1dx1 + ∫F2d x2 + ∫F3dx3

[0050] In the formula: W is the total work done by the working device during the excavation process;

[0051] F1 is the output force of the bucket cylinder, and its magnitude is F1 = (P1×S1 - P2×S2)×N1, where P1 is the pressure in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder, S1 is the piston area in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder; P2 is the pressure in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder, S2 is the piston area in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder; N1 is the number of bucket cylinders;

[0052] X1 is the output displacement of the bucket cylinder;

[0053] F2 is the output force of the arm cylinder, and its magnitude is F2 = (P3×S3 - P4×S4)×N2, where P3 is the pressure in the large chamber of the arm cylinder, S3 is the piston area in the large chamber of the arm cylinder; P4 is the pressure in the small chamber of the arm cylinder, S4 is the piston area in the small chamber of the arm cylinder; N2 is the number of arm cylinders;

[0054] X2 is the output displacement of the arm cylinder;

[0055] F3 is the output force of the boom cylinder, and its magnitude is F3 = (P5×S5 - P6×S6)×N3, where P5 is the pressure in the large chamber of the boom cylinder, S5 is the piston area in the large chamber of the boom cylinder; P6 is the pressure in the small chamber of the boom cylinder, S6 is the piston area in the small chamber of the boom cylinder; N3 is the number of boom cylinders;

[0056] X3 is the output displacement of the boom cylinder.

[0057] Adjust the angle of the cutting edge plate 14 at the same position and in the same posture, compare the work done in the excavation process, and obtain the most favorable cutting edge plate angle.

[0058] Due to the adoption of the above solution, the angle of the cutting edge plate is adjusted during the test, the work done in the excavation process at different angles is compared, and the most favorable cutting edge plate angle is obtained. Therefore, the present invention has the characteristic of direct comparison.

[0059] In the specification provided herein, a large number of specific details are described. However, it can be understood that the embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and technologies are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0060] In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that although some of the embodiments described herein include certain features contained in other embodiments rather than other features, the combinations of the features of different embodiments also mean that they are within the protection scope of the present invention and form different embodiments. For example, in the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can use them in a combined manner according to the known technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved by this application.

[0061] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not impose any form of limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art of this patent, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some changes or modifications to the above-mentioned technical content by using the above-mentioned hints to make equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes. However, as long as the content does not depart from the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. Hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate excavation resistance evaluation test equipment, characterized in that, Including: A plurality of displacement sensors, respectively installed on the bucket cylinder, the arm cylinder and the boom cylinder, for detecting the output displacements of the bucket cylinder, the arm cylinder and the boom cylinder; A plurality of pressure sensors, respectively installed in the large and small chambers of the bucket cylinder, the large and small chambers of the arm cylinder and the large and small chambers of the boom cylinder, for detecting the pressures in the large and small chambers of the bucket cylinder, the pressures in the large and small chambers of the arm cylinder and the pressures in the large and small chambers of the boom cylinder; A camera, installed in front of the cab, for observing the excavation area; A test bucket, used to replace the original bucket of the hydraulic excavator, the test bucket includes a left side plate, a right side plate and a cutting edge plate, the cutting edge plate is connected between the left side plate and the right side plate, and can be adjusted in angle in the left and right side plates.

2. The hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate excavation resistance evaluation test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The test bucket further includes: A top plate, which is a rectangular flat plate; A left ear plate and a right ear plate, respectively fixed on the upper surface of the top plate, parallel to the side edges of the top plate and symmetric about the central plane of the top plate; the left side plate and the right side plate are respectively fixed on the left and right sides of the top plate, parallel to the left and right ear plates and symmetric about the central plane of the top plate; Fixed bolts, which are connected between the left side plate and the right side plate, at the bottom of the left and right side plates and close to the outer side surface.

3. The hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate excavation resistance evaluation test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: At the tip parts of the left side plate and the right side plate, a coaxially arranged U-shaped groove is respectively arranged inward; Taking the U-shaped groove as the center, an arc-shaped hole is respectively opened on the left side plate and the right side plate and arranged coaxially.

4. The hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate excavation resistance evaluation test equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cutting edge plate is composed of a rectangular plate, an upper pin shaft and a lower pin shaft; An upper pin shaft is arranged at the upper part of the rectangular plate, and a lower pin shaft is arranged at the lower part of the rectangular plate; The upper pin shafts are respectively installed in the arc-shaped holes of the left side plate and the right side plate and fixed with bolts; The lower pin shafts are respectively installed in the U-shaped grooves of the left side plate and the right side plate and fixed with bolts.

5. The hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate excavation resistance evaluation test equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: At the bottom of the left side plate and the right side plate and close to the outer side surface, a coaxially arranged through hole is respectively provided, and the fixed bolt passes through the two through holes and is fixed with bolts.

6. The hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate excavation resistance evaluation test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of displacement sensors include: Displacement sensor I, installed on the bucket cylinder, for detecting the output displacement of the bucket cylinder; Displacement sensor II, installed on the arm cylinder, for detecting the output displacement of the arm cylinder; Displacement sensor III, installed on the boom cylinder, for detecting the output displacement of the boom cylinder.

7. The hydraulic excavator bucket cutting edge plate excavation resistance evaluation test equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of pressure sensors include: Pressure sensor I, installed in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder, for detecting the pressure in the large chamber of the bucket cylinder; Pressure sensor II, installed in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder, for detecting the pressure in the small chamber of the bucket cylinder; Pressure sensor III, installed in the large chamber of the arm cylinder, for detecting the pressure in the large chamber of the arm cylinder; Pressure sensor IV, installed in the small chamber of the arm cylinder, for detecting the pressure in the small chamber of the arm cylinder; Pressure sensor V, installed in the large chamber of the boom cylinder, for detecting the pressure in the large chamber of the boom cylinder; Pressure sensor VI, installed in the small chamber of the boom cylinder, for detecting the pressure in the small chamber of the boom cylinder.

8. A test method for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket, characterized in that: Detect the output displacements of the bucket cylinder, the arm cylinder and the boom cylinder through a plurality of displacement sensors; Detect the pressures in the large and small chambers of the bucket cylinder, the pressures in the large and small chambers of the arm cylinder and the pressures in the large and small chambers of the boom cylinder through a plurality of pressure sensors; Use the camera to observe the excavation area; The test bucket is used to replace the original bucket of the hydraulic excavator, and a cutting edge plate with adjustable angle is installed in the test bucket; During the test, first determine the height of the excavation surface from the ground, adjust the angle of the cutting edge plate, and then the operator excavates the specified area according to the normal operation method; during the excavation process, record the data of each sensor, and intercept the data of the pressure sensor and displacement sensor on the working device during the excavation process according to the video; Adjust the angle of the cutting edge plate at the same position and the same posture, compare the work done during the excavation process, and obtain the most favorable cutting edge plate angle.

9. The test method for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket according to claim 8, characterized in that: The work done during the excavation process is: w = ∫F1dx1 + ∫F2dx2 + ∫F3dx3 In the formula: W is the total work done by the working device during the excavation process; F1 is the output force of the bucket cylinder, which is calculated from the pressures of the large and small chambers of the bucket cylinder and the parameters of the bucket cylinder bore diameter; X1 is the output displacement of the bucket cylinder; F2 is the output force of the arm cylinder, which is calculated from the pressures of the large and small chambers of the arm cylinder and the parameters of the arm cylinder bore diameter; X2 is the output displacement of the arm cylinder; F3 is the output force of the boom cylinder, which is calculated from the pressures of the large and small chambers of the boom cylinder and the parameters of the boom cylinder bore diameter; X3 is the output displacement of the boom cylinder.

10. The test method for evaluating the excavation resistance of the cutting edge plate of a hydraulic excavator bucket according to claim 9, characterized in that: F1 = (P1×S1 - P2×S2)×N1, where P1 is the pressure of the large chamber of the bucket cylinder, S1 is the piston area of the large chamber of the bucket cylinder; P2 is the pressure of the small chamber of the bucket cylinder, S2 is the piston area of the small chamber of the bucket cylinder; N1 is the number of bucket cylinders; F2 = (P3×S3 - P4×S4)×N2, where P3 is the pressure of the large chamber of the arm cylinder, S3 is the piston area of the large chamber of the arm cylinder; P4 is the pressure of the small chamber of the arm cylinder, S4 is the piston area of the small chamber of the arm cylinder; N2 is the number of arm cylinders; F3 = (P5×S5 - P6×S6)×N3, where P5 is the pressure of the large chamber of the boom cylinder, S5 is the piston area of the large chamber of the boom cylinder; P6 is the pressure of the small chamber of the boom cylinder, S6 is the piston area of the small chamber of the boom cylinder; N3 is the number of boom cylinders.

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