A motor with adjustable magnetic field and a vehicle

Abstract

A magnetic field adjustable motor and vehicle. The excitation ring assembly of the magnetic field adjustable motor includes an excitation ring and an excitation winding. The excitation ring has an outer ring wall and an inner ring wall, and the excitation winding is arranged between the outer and inner ring walls. The excitation rotor of the magnetic field adjustable motor includes a rotor core and multiple first permanent magnets. The rotor core is provided with a first magnetic pole mating portion, a second magnetic pole mating portion, and first magnetic pole forming regions and second magnetic pole forming regions alternately arranged along the circumference. The first magnetic pole mating portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole mating portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming region. The multiple first permanent magnets correspond to the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region, so that the first magnetic pole forming region forms the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole forming region forms the second magnetic pole. The outer ring wall corresponds to the first magnetic pole mating portion and forms a second air gap, and the inner ring wall corresponds to the second magnetic pole mating portion and forms a third air gap. This magnetic field adjustable motor better achieves the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and a wide constant power operating range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to vehicle technology, and in particular to a magnetic field adjustable motor and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Permanent magnet motors (PMMs) are gaining increasing attention for their high torque density, high efficiency, lightweight design, and compact size, finding widespread application in various fields. However, the air gap magnetic field (i.e., the magnetic field in the first air gap between the rotor and stator) of a PMM motor, provided by permanent magnets, remains nearly constant and difficult to adjust, limiting its further development and application. Consequently, numerous researchers, both domestically and internationally, have conducted extensive and in-depth research on motors with adjustable air gap magnetic fields.

[0003] In recent years, scholars have proposed a variety of new types of magnetic field adjustable motors, such as magnetic pole segmentation type, combined rotor, independent magnetic circuit type, and double salient pole, and have conducted extensive in-depth research on the structure, working principle, and magnetic circuit characteristics of the motor.

[0004] Because the air gap magnetic field is adjustable, adjustable-field motors can provide higher output torque when high torque is required at low speeds. At high speeds, they eliminate the need for flux-weakening currents used by permanent magnet motors to adjust the magnetic field, resulting in high efficiency. Furthermore, adjustable-field motors can maintain constant power over a wider speed range. They are particularly well-suited for applications such as constant power, wide-speed drive, and constant-voltage power generation, and have broad application prospects in aerospace, wind power generation, and electric vehicles.

[0005] Therefore, how to better achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operating range of the magnetic field adjustable motor is also a technical problem that technicians in this field have been working to solve. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In order to solve at least one of the above technical problems, the present application provides a motor with adjustable magnetic field, which better achieves the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency and wide constant power operation range.

[0007] The present application also provides a vehicle.

[0008] The magnetic field adjustable motor provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, an excitation rotor and an excitation ring assembly, wherein the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation rotor and the excitation ring assembly are all located in the housing, the permanent magnet rotor is arranged on the radial inner side of the stator, and a first air gap is provided between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the excitation ring assembly is arranged on the end wall of the housing, and the excitation rotor is arranged between the excitation ring assembly and the permanent magnet rotor; the excitation ring assembly includes an excitation ring and an excitation winding, the excitation ring has an outer ring wall and an inner ring wall, and the excitation winding is arranged between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall; the excitation rotor includes a rotor core and a plurality of A first permanent magnet, the rotor core is provided with a first magnetic pole matching portion, a second magnetic pole matching portion, and a first magnetic pole forming area and a second magnetic pole forming area alternately arranged along the circumferential direction, the first magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming area, the second magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming area, a plurality of the first permanent magnets are provided on the rotor core corresponding to the first magnetic pole forming area and the second magnetic pole forming area, so that the first magnetic pole forming area forms a first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole forming area forms a second magnetic pole; wherein the outer ring wall corresponds to the first magnetic pole matching portion and constructs a second air gap, and the inner ring wall corresponds to the second magnetic pole matching portion and constructs a third air gap.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the outer annular wall is located radially inside the first magnetic pole matching portion, the second air gap is located between the radial outer side surface of the outer annular wall and the radial inner side surface of the first magnetic pole matching portion, the inner annular wall is located radially inside the second magnetic pole matching portion, the third air gap is located between the radial outer side surface of the inner annular wall and the radial inner side surface of the second magnetic pole matching portion, and the first permanent magnet is a tangential permanent magnet steel, which is arranged between the first magnetic pole forming area and the second magnetic pole forming area.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the inner ring wall protrudes toward the rotor core relative to the outer ring wall, the first magnetic pole mating portion is arranged on the end face of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole mating portion is arranged on the radial inner side face of the second magnetic pole forming region.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the outer annular wall and the first magnetic pole matching part are axially opposite to each other in the shell, the second air gap is located between the end face of the outer annular wall and the end face of the first magnetic pole matching part, the inner annular wall and the second magnetic pole matching part are axially opposite to each other in the shell, the third air gap is located between the end face of the inner annular wall and the end face of the second magnetic pole matching part, the first permanent magnet is a first radial permanent magnet steel, and in the circumferential direction of the shell, the first magnetic pole forming area and the second magnetic pole forming area are located one by one on the inner side of the area enclosed by multiple first radial permanent magnet steels.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, a magnetic isolation structure is provided on the radial inner side of the first magnetic pole forming region, and a magnetic passing structure is provided on the radial inner side of the second magnetic pole forming region.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the first magnetic pole matching portion is provided on the end face of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole matching portion is provided on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly and is radially inside the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the end surface of the first magnetic pole matching portion is flush or uneven with the end surface of the second magnetic pole matching portion, and the end surface of the inner annular wall is flush or uneven with the end surface of the outer annular wall.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the first magnetic pole matching portion is a first magnetic pole protrusion, and the second magnetic pole matching portion is a second magnetic pole protrusion.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, the permanent magnet rotor includes a permanent magnet rotor core and a second permanent magnet, the second permanent magnet is arranged on the permanent magnet rotor core, and the second permanent magnet is a second radial permanent magnet steel, and a magnetic isolation structure is provided at the positions of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet steel.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the excitation ring assembly and the excitation rotor each include two, the permanent magnet rotor is located between the two excitation rotors, and the two excitation rotors are located between the two excitation ring assemblies.

[0018] The vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the motor with adjustable magnetic field as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0019] The magnetic field adjustable motor provided by the present application, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet of the excitation rotor and the permanent magnet rotor, generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field through the excitation winding current of the excitation rotor, and determines the magnetization and demagnetization according to the magnitude and direction of the excitation winding current to realize the regulation and control of the main magnetic field, which can better achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency and wide constant power operation range.

[0020] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the description, or will be understood by practicing the present application. Other advantages of the present application can be realized and obtained by the solutions described in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solution of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present application.

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the magnetic field adjustable motor according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the permanent magnet rotor;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the central excitation rotor;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the middle excitation ring assembly;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a structural diagram of the main magnetic flux direction of the excitation rotor;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a structural diagram of the leakage flux direction of the excitation rotor;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural diagram of the main magnetic flux direction of the permanent magnet rotor;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a structural diagram of the direction of the magnetizing flux of the excitation rotor;

[0030] Figure 9 It is a structural diagram of the demagnetization flux direction of the excitation rotor;

[0031] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of a magnetic field adjustable motor according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 11 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the central excitation rotor;

[0033] Figure 12 for Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the structure of the excitation ring assembly.

[0034] in, Figures 1 to 12 The corresponding relationship between the reference numerals and component names is as follows:

[0035] 110 housing, 120 first end cover, 130 second end cover, 210 stator core, 220 first end winding, 230 stator winding, 240 second end winding, 300 permanent magnet rotor, 310 permanent magnet rotor core, 320 second radial permanent magnet, 321 first magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the second radial permanent magnet, 322 second magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the second radial permanent magnet, 400 excitation rotor, 410 rotor core, 411 First boss, 412 second boss, 413 first magnetic pole protrusion, 414 second magnetic pole protrusion, 420 tangential permanent magnet, 430 first radial permanent magnet, 500 excitation ring assembly, 510 excitation ring, 511 outer ring wall, 512 inner ring wall, 520 excitation winding, 610 first air gap, 620 second air gap, 630 third air gap, 640 magnetic isolation structure, 650 magnetic transmission structure, 710 rotating shaft, 720 bearing, 730 wave spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] This application describes multiple embodiments, but this description is illustrative rather than restrictive. To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application may be combined with each other in any manner unless there is a conflict.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] The magnetic field adjustable motor provided by the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figures 1 to 4As shown, it includes a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor 300, an excitation rotor 400 and an excitation ring assembly 500. The stator, the permanent magnet rotor 300, the excitation rotor 400 and the excitation ring assembly 500 are all located in the housing. The permanent magnet rotor 300 is located on the radial inner side of the stator. There is a first air gap 610 between the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the stator. The excitation ring assembly 500 is located on the end wall of the housing. The excitation rotor 400 is located between the excitation ring assembly 500 and the permanent magnet rotor 300. The excitation ring assembly 500 includes an excitation ring 510 and an excitation winding 520. The excitation ring 510 has an outer ring wall 511 and an inner ring wall 512. The excitation winding 520 is located between the outer ring wall 511 and the inner ring wall 512. The excitation rotor 400 includes a rotor core 410 and multiple The rotor core 410 is provided with a first magnetic pole matching portion, a second magnetic pole matching portion, and a first magnetic pole forming area and a second magnetic pole forming area alternately arranged along the circumferential direction. The first magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming area, and the second magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming area. A plurality of first permanent magnets corresponding to the first magnetic pole forming area and the second magnetic pole forming area are arranged on the rotor core 410, so that the first magnetic pole forming area forms the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole forming area forms the second magnetic pole; wherein, the outer ring wall 511 corresponds to the first magnetic pole matching portion, and there is a second air gap 620 between the outer ring wall 511 and the first magnetic pole matching portion, and the inner ring wall 512 corresponds to the second magnetic pole matching portion, and a third air gap 630 is constructed between the inner ring wall 512 and the second magnetic pole matching portion.

[0039] In this magnetic field adjustable motor, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet of the excitation rotor 400 and the permanent magnet rotor 300 generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field through the current of the excitation winding 520 of the excitation rotor 400. The magnetization and demagnetization are determined according to the size and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520 (that is, according to the size and direction of the regulating magnetic field), thereby realizing the regulation and control of the main magnetic field, which can better achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operation range.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 、 Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the outer annular wall 511 is located radially inwardly of the first magnetic pole mating portion, the second air gap 620 is located between the radially outer side surface of the outer annular wall 511 and the radially inner side surface of the first magnetic pole mating portion, the inner annular wall 512 is located radially inwardly of the second magnetic pole mating portion, and the third air gap 630 is located between the radially outer side surface of the inner annular wall 512 and the radially inner side surface of the second magnetic pole mating portion. The first permanent magnet is a tangential permanent magnet steel 420, which is arranged between the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region. The second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are both radial air gaps. In the circumferential direction of the shell, one end of the first permanent magnet is the first magnetic pole and the other end is the second magnetic pole, and the two circumferentially adjacent tangential permanent magnet steels 420 are arranged with the N poles facing each other and the S poles facing each other, that is, the permanent magnets on both sides of each magnetic pole have the same polarity. The circumferential, axial, and radial directions are all referenced to the shell.

[0041] In one example, if Figure 3 As shown, the first magnetic pole forming region is a first boss 411, and the second magnetic pole forming region is a second boss 412. Both the first boss 411 and the second boss 412 are located on the side of the rotor core 410 facing the excitation ring assembly 500. The inner ring wall 512 protrudes toward the rotor core 410 relative to the outer ring wall 511. The first magnetic pole mating portion is a first magnetic pole protrusion 413, and the second magnetic pole mating portion is a second magnetic pole protrusion 414. The first magnetic pole protrusion 413 is located on the end surface of the first boss 411, and the second magnetic pole protrusion 414 is located on the radially inner side of the second boss 412. The first boss 411 and the second boss 412 can be formed by pressing a soft magnetic composite material, or by processing a magnetically conductive material such as 10# steel, or by laminating silicon steel sheets, or by a composite of the above materials. All of these are simple, convenient, and low-cost to manufacture. The rotor core 410 may be formed by laminating 10# steel and silicon steel sheets to form a connected and conductive 3D axial magnetic circuit and a 2D axial magnetic circuit, making full use of the lamination of silicon steel sheets to eliminate the eddy current effect.

[0042] In one example, if Figure 1 As shown, there are two excitation ring assemblies 500 and two excitation rotors 400, the permanent magnet rotor 300 is located between the two excitation rotors 400, and the two excitation rotors 400 are located between the two excitation ring assemblies 500. In this way, an auxiliary regulating magnetic field can be better generated by the current of the excitation winding 520, and the magnetization and demagnetization are determined according to the size and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520 to realize the regulation and control of the main magnetic field, which can better achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operation range.

[0043] In one example, if Figure 2As shown, the permanent magnet rotor 300 includes a permanent magnet rotor core 310 and a plurality of second permanent magnets. The plurality of second permanent magnets are sequentially arranged on the permanent magnet rotor core 310 along the circumferential direction. The second permanent magnets are second radial permanent magnets 320. The magnetic poles at the radial outer ends and the magnetic poles at the radial inner ends of adjacent second radial permanent magnets 320 are different. In addition, a magnetic isolation structure 640 is provided at the positions of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet 320. The magnetic isolation structure 640 can be configured as a magnetic isolation groove. The second radial permanent magnet 320 can be configured as a V-shaped permanent magnet, a double V-shaped permanent magnet, or a U-shaped permanent magnet. The permanent magnet rotor core 310 is formed by stamping and laminating silicon steel sheets. Alternatively, the permanent magnet rotor 300 adopts a double V-shaped permanent magnet structure, which can more fully utilize the reluctance torque.

[0044] The main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet of the excitation rotor 400 and the second permanent magnet of the permanent magnet rotor 300 generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field through the current of the excitation winding 520 of the excitation rotor 400. The magnetization and demagnetization are determined according to the size and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520 (that is, according to the size and direction of the regulating magnetic field), thereby realizing the regulation and control of the main magnetic field, which can better achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operation range.

[0045] In one example, if Figure 1 As shown, the housing includes a casing 110, a first end cap 120, and a second end cap 130 assembled together. The stator includes a stator core 210 and a first end winding 220, a stator winding 230, and a second end winding 240 disposed on the stator core 210. The permanent magnet rotor 300 and the excitation rotor 400 are both disposed on a rotating shaft 710. A bearing 720 and a wave spring 730 are disposed between the rotating shaft 710 and the first end cap 120, and between the rotating shaft 710 and the second end cap 130.

[0046] The excitation ring assembly 500 makes full use of the space at both ends of the stator winding 230 in the housing, and the resulting magnetic field adjustable motor has a compact structure, effectively improving the space utilization of the magnetic field adjustable motor, achieving more output with the smallest volume, and helping to improve the power density and torque density of the magnetic field adjustable motor. In addition, the excitation winding 520 is fixed to the excitation ring 510, and the two excitation rings 510 are correspondingly fixed to the first end cover 120 and the second end cover 130, without the need for brushes and slip rings, thereby increasing the reliability of the magnetic field adjustable motor. Furthermore, the rotor core 410 and the excitation ring 510 can be manufactured using different materials and processes. For example, the rotor core 410 is made of laminated silicon steel sheets, which have low iron loss at low frequencies; the excitation ring 510 is made of soft magnetic composite materials directly by molding, which is simple, convenient, and low-cost to manufacture, and the soft magnetic composite materials have low iron loss at high frequencies, which helps to balance and improve the efficiency within the entire speed range.

[0047] The following detailed description uses the example of "the first magnetic pole is the north pole and the second magnetic pole is the south pole." Alternatively, the first magnetic pole may be the south pole and the second magnetic pole the north pole, which can still achieve the purpose of this application. This purpose does not deviate from the design concept of the present invention and will not be further described here. It also falls within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] When the excitation winding 520 is not energized, a portion of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential permanent magnet steel 420 on the excitation rotor 400 starts from one side (N pole) and passes through the first boss 411. Figure 5 As shown, the magnetic flux passes through the first air gap 610, the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap 610, and reaches the adjacent second boss 412, and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet 420, forming a closed magnetic circuit. The other part of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential permanent magnet 420 starts from one side (N pole) and passes through the first boss 411. The magnetic flux path is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, it passes through the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer ring wall 511, the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, reaches the second boss 412, and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet 420, forming a closed magnetic circuit.

[0049] When the excitation winding 520 is not energized, the magnetic flux generated by the second radial permanent magnet 320 on the permanent magnet rotor 300 starts from the first magnetic pole 321 at the radial outer end of the second radial permanent magnet 320. Figure 7 As shown, a portion passes through the first air gap 610, the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap 610, and reaches the second magnetic pole 322 at the radial outer end of the adjacent second radial permanent magnet 320, and then passes through the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor 300 to form a magnetic circuit closed loop; the other portion passes through the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole convex portion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer ring wall 511, the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole convex portion 414, and reaches the second boss 412, and then passes through the second magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet 320 and the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor 300 to form a magnetic circuit closed loop (not shown in the figure).

[0050] The magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is leakage flux, so the magnetic flux path passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is a leakage flux path. The magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 participates in external energy conversion and outputs torque to the outside, and the magnetic flux (i.e. leakage flux) passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 does not participate in external energy conversion and does not output torque to the outside. Here, the settings are adjusted as needed so that the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are both smaller than the first air gap 610. According to the principle of minimum magnetic resistance, a larger part of the permanent magnet flux is closed through the leakage flux path. Of course, the settings can also be adjusted as needed so that the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are greater than or equal to the first air gap 610. Those skilled in the art can make reasonable settings as needed. The flux-adjustable motor can provide a normally open leakage flux path, so that the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential permanent magnetic steel 420 of the excitation rotor 400 and the permanent magnetic flux generated by the second radial permanent magnetic steel 320 of the permanent magnetic rotor 300 can be discharged through the leakage flux path.

[0051] When the excitation winding 520 is energized in the forward direction, so that the outer ring wall 511 forms the first magnetic pole: on the one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current of the excitation winding 520 will suppress the leakage flux path, which is equivalent to controlling the opening size of the normally open leakage flux path. When the excitation current is large, the leakage flux path is closed; on the other hand, Figure 8 As shown, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the outer annular wall 511, the second air gap 620, the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the first boss 411, the first air gap 610, the stator teeth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator teeth, the first air gap 610, the second boss 412, the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, the third air gap 630, and the inner annular wall 512, reaching the outer annular wall 511, forming a closed magnetic circuit. At this point, for the first air gap 610, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current and the permanent magnetic flux generated by the tangential permanent magnets 420 in the excitation rotor 400 have the same magnetic field direction, resulting in a magnetizing effect, significantly improving torque output and being particularly suitable for low-speed operation.

[0052] When the excitation winding 520 is reversely energized, causing the outer ring wall 511 to form a second magnetic pole: on the one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current will widen and expand the leakage flux path, and the leakage flux path will be more open, so that more permanent magnetic flux will form a magnetic circuit closed loop through the leakage flux path; on the other hand, Figure 9As shown, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the inner annular wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, the second boss 412, the first air gap 610, the stator teeth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator teeth, the first air gap 610, the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the second air gap 620, and the outer annular wall 511, reaching the inner annular wall 512, forming a closed magnetic circuit. At this point, for the first air gap 610, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current (generated by the excitation winding) and the permanent magnetic field generated by the permanent magnetic flux in the excitation rotor 400 (generated by the tangential permanent magnets) are in opposite directions, resulting in a demagnetizing effect. This further reduces the main magnetic flux (i.e., the permanent magnetic flux) passing through the first air gap 610, achieving further regulation of the magnetic field in the first air gap 610, making it particularly suitable for ultra-high-speed operation.

[0053] The magnetic field adjustable motor realizes the opening and closing of the leakage flux path and the adjustment of the opening size by energizing the excitation winding 520 of the excitation rotor 400, thereby indirectly realizing the adjustment of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610. When a large torque output is required at low speed, the excitation current is a positive current, and the excitation current provides magnetization, thereby increasing the strength of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610 and thus increasing the output torque; at high speed, the leakage flux path can be kept open as needed, such as when the excitation current is zero. At this time, the permanent magnetic flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnetic flux of the excitation rotor 400 are discharged through the leakage flux path, reducing the magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610. In the absence of any input current, the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is weakened. In this way, the weakening of the permanent magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is completed without external input, which helps to improve the motor. Operating efficiency (that is, when the excitation current is zero, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor 400 pass through the leakage flux path, so that the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is shunted, and the weakening of the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is indirectly achieved, which is equivalent to achieving weakening when the current of the excitation winding 520 is zero, which helps to improve the operating efficiency in the high-speed area); when the speed is further increased, the excitation current is a reverse current, and the excitation current provides demagnetization, further weakening the magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, achieving weakening, which can greatly improve the operating range of the motor and achieve constant power operation within a wide speed regulation range.

[0054] This adjustable magnetic field motor adjusts the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 by adjusting the magnitude of the leakage magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630. When high torque is required at low speed, the excitation current provides magnetic assistance, increasing the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610, achieving high torque output at low speed. At high speed, the excitation current is zero, opening the leakage magnetic flux path. In the absence of external input, the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is weakened. At ultra-high speeds, the excitation current of the excitation winding 520 provides reverse magnetic flux, further weakening the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610. This significantly improves the motor's operating speed range and enables constant power operation within a wide speed regulation range.

[0055] Example 2

[0056] The main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that: Figures 10 to 12 As shown, the outer annular wall 511 and the first magnetic pole mating portion are axially opposed to each other in the housing. The second air gap 620 is located between the end surface of the outer annular wall 511 and the end surface of the first magnetic pole mating portion. The inner annular wall 512 and the second magnetic pole mating portion are axially opposed to each other in the housing. The third air gap 630 is located between the end surface of the inner annular wall 512 and the end surface of the second magnetic pole mating portion. The first permanent magnet is a first radial permanent magnet 430. In the circumferential direction of the housing, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are located one-to-one within the region enclosed by the plurality of first radial permanent magnets 430. A magnetic isolation structure 640 is provided radially inwardly of the first magnetic pole forming region, and a magnetic over-gap structure 650 is provided radially inwardly of the second magnetic pole forming region. Both the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are axial air gaps. The magnetic poles of adjacent first radial permanent magnets 430 are different at their radially outer ends and at their radially inner ends. The second magnetic pole protrusion 414 is provided on the side of the rotor core 410 facing the excitation ring assembly 500 and is located radially inward of the first boss 411 and the second boss 412. The second magnetic pole protrusion 414 is provided as an annular boss.

[0057] The magnetic field adjustable motor provided in this embodiment has a main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet and the second radial permanent magnet 320, and an auxiliary regulating magnetic field is generated by the current of the excitation winding 520 of the excitation rotor 400. The magnetization and demagnetization are determined according to the magnitude and direction of the current of the excitation winding 520 to achieve the regulation and control of the main magnetic field, and can also better achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and a wide constant power operation range.

[0058] In one example, if Figure 11As shown, a magnetic isolation structure 640 is provided at the position of the first magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the first radial permanent magnet 430, and a magnetic transmission structure 650 is provided at the position of the second magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the first radial permanent magnet 430 (that is, no magnetic isolation structure is provided). The magnetic isolation structure 640 can be set as a magnetic isolation groove, and the first radial permanent magnet 430 can be set as a V-shaped permanent magnet.

[0059] In one embodiment, the end surface of the first magnetic pole protrusion 413 is flush with the end surface of the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, or may not be flush, and the end surface of the inner ring wall 512 is flush with the end surface of the outer ring wall 511, or may not be flush, specifically according to the matching of the outer ring wall 511 and the inner ring wall 512 of the excitation ring; (combined with Figure 11 to understand).

[0060] The following detailed description uses the example of "the first magnetic pole is the north pole and the second magnetic pole is the south pole." Alternatively, the first magnetic pole may be the south pole and the second magnetic pole the north pole, which can still achieve the purpose of this application. This purpose does not deviate from the design concept of the present invention and will not be further described here. It also falls within the scope of protection of this application.

[0061] When the excitation winding 520 is not energized, a portion of the permanent magnetic flux generated by the first magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the first radial permanent magnet 430 on the excitation rotor 400 starts from one side (N pole): Figure 5 As shown, the magnetic flux passes through the first boss 411, the first air gap 610, the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap 610, reaches the adjacent second boss 412, and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet 420, forming a closed magnetic circuit loop; the other part of the permanent magnet flux starts from one side (N pole), as shown in FIG. Figure 6 As shown, it passes through the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer ring wall 511, the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, reaches the second boss 412, and then reaches the other side (S pole) of the tangential permanent magnet 420, forming a magnetic circuit closed loop (combined with Figure 6 to understand).

[0062] When the excitation winding 520 is not energized, the magnetic flux generated by the second radial permanent magnet 320 on the permanent magnet rotor 300 starts from the first magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the second radial permanent magnet 320: a portion of it passes through the first air gap 610, the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap 610, and reaches the second magnetic pole at the radial outer end of the adjacent second radial permanent magnet 320, and then passes through the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor 300 to form a magnetic circuit closed loop (combined with Figure 7The other part passes through the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the second air gap 620, the outer ring wall 511, the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, and reaches the second boss 412, and then passes through the second magnetic pole at the radial inner end of the second radial permanent magnet 320 and the rotor yoke of the permanent magnet rotor 300 to form a magnetic circuit closed loop.

[0063] The magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is leakage flux, so the magnetic flux path passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 is a leakage flux path. The magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 participates in external energy conversion and outputs torque to the outside, while the magnetic flux passing through the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 (i.e., leakage flux) does not participate in external energy conversion and does not output torque to the outside. Here, the settings are adjusted as needed so that the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are both smaller than the first air gap 610. According to the principle of minimum magnetic resistance, a larger portion of the permanent magnet flux is closed through the leakage flux path. Of course, the settings can also be adjusted as needed so that the second air gap 620 and the third air gap 630 are greater than or equal to the first air gap 610. The flux-adjustable motor can provide a normally open leakage flux path, so that the permanent magnetic flux generated by the first radial permanent magnet 430 of the excitation rotor 400 and the permanent magnetic flux generated by the second radial permanent magnet 320 of the permanent magnet rotor 300 are discharged through the leakage flux path.

[0064] When the excitation winding 520 is energized in the forward direction, so that the outer ring wall 511 forms the first magnetic pole: on the one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current of the excitation winding 520 will suppress the leakage flux path, which is equivalent to controlling and adjusting the opening size of the normally open leakage flux path. When the excitation current is large, this leakage flux path is closed; on the other hand, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the outer ring wall 511, the second air gap 620, the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the first boss 411, the first air gap 610, the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap 610, the second boss 412, the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, the third air gap 630, and the inner ring wall 512 to reach the outer ring wall 511, forming a closed magnetic circuit (combined with Figure 8 At this time, for the first air gap 610, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current and the permanent magnetic flux generated by the first radial permanent magnet 430 in the excitation rotor 400 have the same magnetic field direction, which is a magnetization effect, greatly improving the torque output, which is particularly suitable for low-speed operation conditions.

[0065] When the excitation winding 520 is energized in the reverse direction, so that the outer ring wall 511 forms a second magnetic pole: on the one hand, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current will widen and expand the leakage flux path, the leakage flux path will be opened larger, and more permanent magnetic flux will form a magnetic circuit closed loop through the leakage flux path; on the other hand, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation current passes through the inner ring wall 512, the third air gap 630, the second magnetic pole protrusion 414, the second boss 412, the first air gap 610, the stator tooth, the stator yoke, the adjacent stator tooth, the first air gap 610, the first boss 411, the first magnetic pole protrusion 413, the second air gap 620, and the outer ring wall 511, and reaches the inner ring wall 512, forming a magnetic circuit closed loop (combined with Figure 9 At this time, for the first air gap 610, the magnetic field generated by the excitation current and the permanent magnetic field generated by the permanent magnetic flux in the excitation rotor 400 are in opposite directions, which is a demagnetizing effect. This further reduces the main magnetic flux (i.e., the permanent magnetic flux) passing through the first air gap 610, thereby achieving further regulation of the magnetic field in the first air gap 610, which is particularly suitable for ultra-high-speed operation conditions.

[0066] The magnetic field adjustable motor realizes the opening and closing of the leakage flux path and the adjustment of the opening size by energizing the excitation winding 520 of the excitation rotor 400, thereby indirectly realizing the adjustment of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610. When a large torque output is required at low speed, the excitation current is a positive current, and the excitation current provides magnetization, thereby increasing the strength of the magnetic field of the first air gap 610 and thus increasing the output torque; at high speed, the leakage flux path can be kept open as needed, such as when the excitation current is zero. At this time, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor 400 are discharged through the leakage flux path, reducing the permanent magnet flux passing through the first air gap 610. In the absence of any input current, the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is weakened, thus completing the weakening of the permanent magnet flux passing through the first air gap 610 without external input, which helps to improve the motor. operating efficiency (that is, when the excitation current is zero, the permanent magnet flux of the permanent magnet rotor 300 and the permanent magnet flux of the excitation rotor 400 pass through the leakage flux path, so that the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is shunted, and the weakening of the main magnetic flux passing through the first air gap 610 is indirectly achieved, which is equivalent to achieving weakening when the current of the excitation winding 520 is zero, which helps to improve the operating efficiency in the high-speed area); when the speed is further increased, the excitation current is a reverse current, and the excitation current provides demagnetization, further weakening the permanent magnet flux passing through the first air gap 610, achieving weakening, which can greatly improve the operating range of the motor and achieve constant power operation within a wide speed regulation range.

[0067] Example 3

[0068] The vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention includes the motor with adjustable magnetic field as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0069] The vehicle provided in this embodiment has all the advantages of the magnetic field adjustable motor provided in any of the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0070] To sum up, the magnetic field adjustable motor provided by the present application, the main magnetic field generated by the first permanent magnet and the permanent magnet rotor, generates an auxiliary regulating magnetic field through the excitation winding current of the excitation rotor, and determines the magnetization and demagnetization according to the magnitude and direction of the excitation winding current to realize the regulation and control of the main magnetic field, which can better achieve the advantages of high low-speed torque, high high-speed efficiency, and wide constant power operation range.

[0071] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "one side", "the other side", "one end", "the other end", "side", "relative", "four corners", "periphery", ""mouth"-shaped structure", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the structure referred to has a specific orientation, is constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0072] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "connection," "direct connection," "indirect connection," "fixed connection," "installation," and "assembly" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. The terms "installation," "connection," and "fixed connection" may refer to a direct connection, an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0073] Although the embodiments disclosed herein are as described above, the contents described herein are merely embodiments for facilitating understanding of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art may make any modifications and variations in the form and details of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. However, the scope of patent protection of the present invention shall still be defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A motor with adjustable magnetic field, characterized in that: The invention comprises a housing, a stator, a permanent magnet rotor, an excitation rotor and an excitation ring assembly, wherein the stator, the permanent magnet rotor, the excitation rotor and the excitation ring assembly are all located in the housing, the permanent magnet rotor is located radially inward of the stator, a first air gap is defined between the permanent magnet rotor and the stator, the excitation ring assembly is located on the end wall of the housing, and the excitation rotor is located between the excitation ring assembly and the permanent magnet rotor; The excitation ring assembly includes an excitation ring and an excitation winding, the excitation ring has an outer ring wall and an inner ring wall, and the excitation winding is arranged between the outer ring wall and the inner ring wall; The excitation rotor includes a rotor core and a plurality of first permanent magnets. The rotor core is provided with a first magnetic pole matching portion, a second magnetic pole matching portion, and first magnetic pole forming regions and second magnetic pole forming regions alternately arranged along the circumferential direction. The first magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole matching portion corresponds to the second magnetic pole forming region. The plurality of first permanent magnets are arranged on the rotor core corresponding to the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region, so that the first magnetic pole forming region forms a first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole forming region forms a second magnetic pole. The outer ring wall corresponds to the first magnetic pole matching portion and forms a second air gap, and the inner ring wall corresponds to the second magnetic pole matching portion and forms a third air gap; Wherein, the magnetic field adjustable motor includes the following schemes; The first solution: the outer ring wall is located radially inwardly of the first magnetic pole matching portion, the second air gap is located between the radial outer side surface of the outer ring wall and the radial inner side surface of the first magnetic pole matching portion, the inner ring wall is located radially inwardly of the second magnetic pole matching portion, the third air gap is located between the radial outer side surface of the inner ring wall and the radial inner side surface of the second magnetic pole matching portion, the first permanent magnet is a tangential permanent magnet steel, and the tangential permanent magnet steel is provided between the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region; or, The second solution: the outer ring wall and the first magnetic pole matching part are opposite to each other in the axial direction of the shell, the second air gap is located between the end face of the outer ring wall and the end face of the first magnetic pole matching part, the inner ring wall and the second magnetic pole matching part are opposite to each other in the axial direction of the shell, the third air gap is located between the end face of the inner ring wall and the end face of the second magnetic pole matching part, the first permanent magnet is a first radial permanent magnet steel, and in the circumferential direction of the shell, the first magnetic pole forming area and the second magnetic pole forming area are located one-to-one on the inner side of the area enclosed by multiple first radial permanent magnet steels.

2. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the first scheme, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the inner ring wall protrudes toward the rotor core side relative to the outer ring wall, the first magnetic pole matching portion is arranged on the end face of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole matching portion is arranged on the radial inner side face of the second magnetic pole forming region.

3. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In a second solution, a magnetic isolation structure is provided on the radial inner side of the first magnetic pole forming region, and a magnetic passing structure is provided on the radial inner side of the second magnetic pole forming region.

4. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the second scheme, the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region are both located on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly, the first magnetic pole matching portion is arranged on the end face of the first magnetic pole forming region, and the second magnetic pole matching portion is arranged on the side of the rotor core facing the excitation ring assembly and is radially inner than the first magnetic pole forming region and the second magnetic pole forming region.

5. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 4, characterized in that: The end surface of the first magnetic pole matching portion is flush or uneven with the end surface of the second magnetic pole matching portion, and the end surface of the inner annular wall is flush or uneven with the end surface of the outer annular wall.

6. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The first magnetic pole matching portion is a first magnetic pole convex portion, and the second magnetic pole matching portion is a second magnetic pole convex portion.

7. The magnetic field adjustable motor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The excitation ring assembly and the excitation rotor each include two, the permanent magnet rotor is located between the two excitation rotors, and the two excitation rotors are located between the two excitation ring assemblies.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that: The invention comprises the adjustable magnetic field motor according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

Images