Test loading device and method for simulating complex loads on large-span open roof structures

Abstract

The present invention discloses a test loading device and method for simulating complex loads on a large-span open roof structure, comprising: a first bracket, a roof model, a rain and snow load loading unit, a wind load loading unit, a first displacement monitoring device and a second displacement monitoring device. The roof model comprises a roof structure and a rigid loading plate, the roof structure is placed on the first bracket, the rain and snow load loading unit comprises a first weight, the first weight is suspended on the lower surface of the roof structure, the wind load loading unit is movably installed on one side of the first bracket, the wind load loading unit comprises a guide structure, a second weight unit and a first connecting line, the second weight unit performs free fall motion and transmits the impact force to the rigid loading plate through the first connecting line, the guide structure converts the vertical impact force of the second weight unit into impact force in other directions, the first displacement monitoring device and the second displacement monitoring device are used to monitor the vertical displacement of the roof structure and the rigid loading plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of test devices, and in particular to a test loading device and method for simulating complex loads of a large-span open roof structure. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of domestic economy and technology and the improvement of large-span spatial structure technology, the number of large-span structural buildings under construction in China has increased rapidly. Among them, large-span open-structure buildings have occupied a place in large-span structural buildings due to their novel, beautiful and modern structure. Many cities have built large-span open-structure buildings, making them landmark buildings in the city. Precisely because of the unique structural characteristics of large-span open-structure buildings, their structural response under load is also different from the stress response of other closed structures. In addition, wind load is one of the most important loads borne by buildings. For large-span open-structure buildings under wind load, it is necessary to study the structural response after the wind load is applied from inside and outside the structure and from top to bottom. Therefore, the stress study of large-span open-structure buildings under wind load is relatively complicated.

[0003] Existing test loading devices are unable to simulate the complex loads on large-span open structures under the combined action of rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes and wind loads of different directions and sizes. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention aims to address at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a test loading device and method for simulating the complex loads on large-span, open-roof structures. This method addresses the problem that existing test loading devices are unable to simulate the complex loads of large-span, open-roof structures subjected to rain and snow loads of varying locations and magnitudes, combined with wind loads of varying directions and magnitudes.

[0005] According to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention, a test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span roof structure with an opening comprises: a first bracket; a roof model, the roof model comprising a roof structure and a rigid loading plate, the roof structure being placed on the first bracket, the roof structure being provided with an opening, the rigid loading plate having the same shape as the opening, and the rigid loading plate being mounted on the opening; a rain and snow load loading unit, the rain and snow load loading unit comprising a first weight whose position, number and weight are adjustable, the first weight being suspended on the lower surface of the roof structure for simulating rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes on the roof; a wind load loading unit, the wind load loading unit being movably mounted on one side of the first bracket, the wind load loading unit comprising a guide structure, a second weight unit and a first connecting line, One end of the first connecting line is connected to the second weight unit, and the other end of the first connecting line is connected to the rigid loading plate. The second weight unit performs free fall motion and transmits the impact force to the rigid loading plate through the first connecting line. The first connecting line converts the vertical impact force of the second weight unit into impact force in other directions through the guide structure. The number, weight and free fall height difference of the second weight units are adjustable to simulate wind loads of different sizes on the roof, and the position of the guide structure is adjustable to simulate wind loads of different directions on the roof; the first displacement monitoring device is used to monitor the vertical displacement of the rigid loading plate under the action of rain, snow load and wind load; the second displacement monitoring device is used to monitor the vertical displacement of the roof structure under the action of rain, snow load and wind load.

[0006] According to the first aspect of the present invention, the test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span open roof structure has at least the following technical effects: the embodiment of the present invention simulates rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes on the roof by installing first weights of different numbers and weights at different positions on the lower surface of the roof structure, adjusts the position of the guide structure so that a certain angle is formed between the first connecting line and the rigid loading plate to simulate wind loads of different directions on the roof, and adjusts the number, weight and free-fall height difference of the second weight units to simulate wind loads of different sizes on the roof. The first displacement monitoring device can monitor the vertical displacement of the rigid loading plate under the action of rain and snow loads and wind loads, and the second displacement monitoring device can monitor the vertical displacement of the roof structure under the action of rain and snow loads and wind loads. It can simulate the complex loads on a large-span open structure under the combined action of rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes and wind loads of different directions and sizes. It can be used for verification tests of the rationality of the design of large-span open structures, quickly verify the rationality of the structural force response, and provide reasonable data reference for adjustment and optimization of the design of large-span open structures.

[0007] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the guide structure includes a second bracket, a fixed frame, a first fixed pulley and a second fixed pulley, a roller is installed at one end of the bottom of the second bracket, the other end of the bottom of the second bracket is installed on the first bracket by a bolt, a vertical slide groove is provided on one side of the second bracket, the fixed frame is slidably installed on the slide groove, the first fixed pulley is installed on the inner top of the second bracket, the second fixed pulley is installed on the fixed frame, one end of the first connecting line is connected to the second weight unit, and the other end of the first connecting line is connected to the rigid loading plate through the first fixed pulley and the second fixed pulley.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second bracket is provided with an openable and closable baffle and a control device, the second weight unit is placed on the baffle, and the control device is used to control the opening and closing of the baffle.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second weight unit includes a second weight and a tray. A through hole is formed at the center of the second weight. The first connecting line passes through the through hole and is connected to the tray.

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first weight is suspended on the lower surface of the roof structure via a second connecting line, a third fixed pulley is mounted on the first bracket, and the second connecting line is connected to the first weight via the third fixed pulley for adjusting the horizontal position of the first weight.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, a mounting groove is formed around the edge of the opening, and the rigid loading plate is mounted in the mounting groove.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first bracket is a steel truss.

[0013] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the first displacement monitoring device is a laser displacement meter, which is mounted on the second bracket and is aligned with the centroid of the rigid loading plate.

[0014] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the second displacement monitoring device is a light curtain displacement meter, a third bracket and a fourth bracket are respectively installed on both sides of the first bracket, the transmitting end and the receiving end of the light curtain displacement meter are respectively installed on the third bracket and the fourth bracket, and a channel is provided on the roof structure, and the rays emitted by the transmitting end of the light curtain displacement meter pass through the channel to reach the receiving end of the light curtain displacement meter.

[0015] According to a second aspect of the present invention, a test loading method for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure using the test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure comprises the following steps:

[0016] S100: Manufacturing a roof structure according to the actual conditions of the roof, manufacturing a rigid loading plate having the same shape as the opening in the roof, fixing the rigid loading plate to the opening in the roof structure, and placing the roof structure on the first bracket;

[0017] S200, determining the number, weight, and installation position of the first weights according to pre-test loading requirements, and suspending the first weights on the lower surface of the roof structure;

[0018] S300, adjusting the position of the second displacement monitoring device;

[0019] S400, fixing the guide structure on the first bracket;

[0020] S500: Connect one end of the first connecting line to the rigid loading plate, and the other end of the first connecting line to the second weight unit. Adjust the number, weight, and free-fall height difference of the second weight unit, and adjust the guide structure so that the angle between the first connecting line and the rigid loading plate is the desired angle for the test.

[0021] S600, installing a first displacement monitoring device, aligning the first displacement monitoring device with the centroid of the rigid loading plate;

[0022] S700: Allow the second weight unit to fall freely to generate impact force, thereby completing the loading.

[0023] According to the second aspect of the present invention, the method of using the above-mentioned test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span open roof structure has at least the following technical effects: the embodiment of the present invention simulates rain and snow loads of different positions and magnitudes on the roof by installing different numbers and weights of first weights at different positions on the lower surface of the roof structure, adjusts the position of the guide structure so that a certain angle is formed between the first connecting line and the rigid loading plate to simulate wind loads of different directions on the roof, and adjusts the number, weight, and free-fall height difference of the second weight units to simulate wind loads of different magnitudes on the roof. The first displacement monitoring device can monitor the vertical displacement of the rigid loading plate under the action of rain and snow loads and wind loads, and the second displacement monitoring device can monitor the vertical displacement of the roof structure under the action of rain and snow loads and wind loads. It can simulate the complex loads of a large-span open structure under the combined action of rain and snow loads of different positions and magnitudes and wind loads of different directions and magnitudes. It can be used for verification testing of the rationality of the design of large-span open structures, quickly verify the rationality of the structural force response, and provide reasonable data reference for adjustment and optimization of the design of large-span open structures.

[0024] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description which follows, or may be learned by practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0026] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram a of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram b of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A partial enlarged view of .

[0029] Reference numerals:

[0030] The first bracket 100,

[0031] Roof structure 200, rigid loading plate 210,

[0032] The first weight 300, the second connecting line 310, the third fixed pulley 320,

[0033] The guide structure 400, the second weight 410, the tray 420, the first connecting line 430, the second bracket 440, the fixing frame 450, the first fixed pulley 460, the second fixed pulley 470, the baffle 480, the control device 490,

[0034] The first displacement monitoring device 500, the second displacement monitoring device 510,

[0035] The third bracket 600 and the fourth bracket 610 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended only to explain the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0037] In the description of the invention, it should be understood that descriptions involving orientations, such as up, down, front, back, left, right, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the invention.

[0038] In the description of an invention, "several" means one or more, "many" means more than two, "greater than," "less than," and "exceed" are understood to exclude the number itself, while "above," "below," and "within" are understood to include the number itself. The use of "first" and "second" in the description is solely for the purpose of distinguishing technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, implicitly specifying the number of the indicated technical features, or implicitly specifying the order of the indicated technical features.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, and connecting should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0040] The following is based on Figures 1 to 3 A test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to an embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention is described.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the test loading device for simulating complex loads of a large-span open roof structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention includes: a first bracket 100, a roof model, a rain and snow load loading unit, a wind load loading unit, a first displacement monitoring device 500 and a second displacement monitoring device 510. The roof model includes a roof structure 200 and a rigid loading plate 210. A base plate is installed on the outer top of the first bracket 100, and the roof structure 200 is placed on the base plate of the first bracket 100. The first bracket 100 is a steel truss. An opening is provided on the roof structure 200, and the edge of the opening is surrounded by a circle of mounting grooves. The rigid loading plate 210 is installed in the mounting groove. The rigid loading plate 210 has the same shape as the opening. When the load is applied, it can better simulate the actual stress condition of the roof.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the rain and snow load loading unit includes a first weight 300 with adjustable position, quantity and weight. The first weight 300 is suspended on the lower surface of the roof structure 200 to simulate the roof being subjected to rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes. The wind load loading unit is movably installed on one side of the first bracket 100. The wind load loading unit includes a guide structure 400, a second weight unit and a first connecting line 430. One end of the first connecting line 430 is connected to the second weight unit, and the other end of the first connecting line 430 is connected to the rigid loading plate 210. The second weight unit performs free fall motion and transmits the impact force to the rigid loading plate 210 through the first connecting line 430. The guide structure 400 can convert the vertical impact force of the second weight unit into impact force in other directions.

[0043] like Figure 1As shown, the first displacement monitoring device 500 can monitor the vertical displacement of the rigid loading plate 210 under the action of rain, snow load and wind load, and the second displacement monitoring device 510 can monitor the vertical displacement of the roof structure 200 under the action of rain, snow load and wind load. Different numbers and weights of first weights 300 are installed at different positions on the lower surface of the roof structure 200 to simulate the roof being subjected to rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes. The position of the guide structure 400 is adjusted so that a certain angle is formed between the first connecting line 430 and the rigid loading plate 210 to simulate the roof being subjected to wind loads of different directions. The number, weight and free fall height difference of the second weight units are adjusted to simulate the roof being subjected to wind loads of different sizes. It can also simulate the complex loads of a large-span open structure being subjected to rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes and wind loads of different directions and sizes.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the guide structure 400 includes a second bracket 440, a fixing bracket 450, a first fixed pulley 460 and a second fixed pulley 470. A roller is installed at one end of the bottom of the second bracket 440, and the other end of the bottom of the second bracket 440 is installed on the first bracket 100 by a bolt. By adjusting the installation position of the second bracket 440 on the first bracket 100, the second bracket 440 rotates around the bolt through the roller, which can change the horizontal angle between the first connecting line 430 and the rigid loading plate 210. One side of the second bracket 440 A vertical slide groove is provided, and the fixed frame 450 is slidably installed on the slide groove. The first fixed pulley 460 is installed on the inner top of the second bracket 440, and the second fixed pulley 470 is installed on the fixed frame 450. One end of the first connecting line 430 is connected to the second weight unit, and the other end of the first connecting line 430 is connected to the rigid loading disk 210 through the first fixed pulley 460 and the second fixed pulley 470. The fixed frame 450 slides up and down in the slide groove, which can change the vertical angle between the first connecting line 430 and the rigid loading disk 210.

[0045] like Figure 3 As shown, the second bracket 440 is provided with an openable and closable baffle 480 and a control device 490. The control device 490 is a control valve. The second weight unit is placed on the baffle 480. The control valve controls the opening and closing of the baffle 480. When the control valve is rotated, the baffle 480 opens and the second weight unit performs free fall motion.

[0046] like Figure 1As shown, the second weight unit includes a second weight 410 and a tray 420. A through hole is opened at the center of the second weight 410. One end of the first connecting line 430 passes through the through hole and is connected to the tray 420. A first peg is installed on the rigid loading disk 210. The other end of the first connecting line 430 is connected to the rigid loading disk 210 through the first peg. The second weight 410 performs free fall motion and hits the tray 420. The tray 420 supports the second weight 410 and transmits the impact force to the rigid loading disk 210. By adjusting the distance between the tray 420 and the bottom surface of the second weight 410, the height difference of the second weight 410 performing free fall motion can be adjusted, thereby changing the magnitude of the impact force.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, a second bolt is installed on the lower surface of the roof structure 200, and the first weight 300 is connected to the second bolt via a second connecting line 310 and is suspended on the lower surface of the roof structure 200. A third fixed pulley 320 is installed on the first bracket 100. The second connecting line 310 moves the first weight 300 to a position close to the bottom and side of the first bracket 100 via the third fixed pulley 320 to prevent the first weight 300 from colliding with the first bracket 100. When the roof structure 200 is damaged, the first weight 300 can land safely.

[0048] like Figure 3 As shown, the first displacement monitoring device 500 is a laser displacement meter, which is mounted on the second bracket 440. The laser displacement meter is aligned with the centroid of the rigid loading plate 210 and can measure the vertical displacement value of the rigid loading plate 210. When the vertical displacement value of the rigid loading plate 210 exceeds a preset threshold, the laser displacement meter alarms.

[0049] like Figures 1 to 2 As shown, the second displacement monitoring device 510 is a light curtain displacement meter. A third bracket 600 and a fourth bracket 610 are respectively installed on both sides of the first bracket 100. The transmitting end and the receiving end of the light curtain displacement meter are respectively installed on the third bracket 600 and the fourth bracket 610. According to a preset threshold value, the installation position of the light curtain displacement meter on the third bracket 600 and the fourth bracket 610 is adjusted. A channel is provided on the roof structure 200. The rays emitted by the transmitting end of the light curtain displacement meter reach the receiving end of the light curtain displacement meter through the channel. When the vertical displacement of the roof structure 200 exceeds the preset threshold value, the edge of the roof structure 200 blocks the rays emitted by the transmitting end of the light curtain displacement meter. The receiving end of the light curtain displacement meter cannot receive the rays and an alarm is issued.

[0050] The following describes a test loading method for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure using the test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0051] A test loading method for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure using the test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure comprises the following steps:

[0052] S100: Fabricate a roof structure 200 according to the actual conditions of the roof, manufacture a rigid loading plate 210 having the same shape as the opening in the roof, secure the rigid loading plate 210 to the mounting groove of the opening in the roof structure 200, and place the roof structure 200 on the first bracket 100;

[0053] S200: Install second bolts at different locations on the lower surface of the roof structure 200 according to the test loading requirements. Hang a certain number and weight of first weights 300 on the second bolts. Move the first weights 300 to positions close to the bottom and side surfaces of the first bracket 100 via the first connecting line 310 and the third fixed pulley 320.

[0054] S300, adjusting the position of the light curtain displacement meter according to a preset threshold;

[0055] S400, fixing the guide structure 400 on the first bracket 100;

[0056] S500, place the second weight 410 on the baffle 480, connect one end of the first connecting line 430 to the rigid loading plate 210, and connect the other end of the first connecting line 430 to the tray 420 through the through hole at the center of the second weight 410. Adjust the number and weight of the second weight 410 and the distance between the bottom surface of the second weight 410 and the tray 420 according to the loading requirements of the test. Adjust the position of the guide structure 400 so that the horizontal angle between the first connecting line 430 and the rigid loading plate 210 is 30°. Adjust the height of the fixing frame 450 so that the vertical angle between the first connecting line 430 and the rigid loading plate 210 is 45°. The horizontal and vertical angles between the first connecting line 430 and the rigid loading plate 210 can also be other angles. When simulating a uniform horizontal wind load perpendicular to a side of the roof, it is also necessary to adjust the connection position of the first connecting line 430 on the rigid loading plate 210 so that the extension line of the first connecting line 430 passes through the centroid of the rigid loading plate 210.

[0057] S600, installing a laser displacement meter, and aligning the laser displacement meter with the centroid of the rigid loading plate 210;

[0058] S700, rotate the control valve, and the second weight unit falls freely to generate impact force, completing the loading.

[0059] In summary, the present invention provides a test loading device and method for simulating complex loads on a large-span open roof structure. By installing different numbers and weights of first weights 300 at different positions on the lower surface of the roof structure 200, the roof is simulated to be subjected to rain and snow loads of different positions and magnitudes. The position of the guide structure 400 is adjusted to form a certain angle between the first connecting line 430 and the rigid loading plate 210 to simulate wind loads of different directions on the roof. The number, weight and free-fall height difference of the second weight units are adjusted to simulate wind loads of different magnitudes on the roof. The first displacement monitoring unit is adjusted to adjust the first displacement monitoring unit. The measuring device 500 can monitor the vertical displacement of the roof structure 200 under the action of rain, snow load and wind load, and the second displacement monitoring device 510 can monitor the vertical displacement of the rigid loading plate 210 under the action of rain, snow load and wind load. It can simulate the complex loads of a large-span open structure under the combined action of rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes and wind loads of different directions and sizes. It can be used for verification tests of the rationality of the design of large-span open structures, quickly verify the rationality of the structural force response, and provide reasonable data reference for the adjustment and optimization of the design of large-span open structures.

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various changes can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by ordinary technicians in the technical field without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span open roof structure, characterized in that: include: a first bracket (100); A roof model, comprising a roof structure (200) and a rigid loading plate (210), wherein the roof structure (200) is placed on the first bracket (100), an opening is provided on the roof structure (200), the rigid loading plate (210) has the same shape as the opening, and the rigid loading plate (210) is mounted on the opening; A rain and snow load loading unit, comprising a first weight (300) with adjustable position, quantity and weight, wherein the first weight (300) is suspended on the lower surface of the roof structure (200) to simulate rain and snow loads of different positions and sizes on the roof; A wind load loading unit is movably mounted on one side of the first bracket (100), the wind load loading unit comprises a guide structure (400), a second weight unit and a first connecting line (430), the guide structure (400) comprises a second bracket (440), a fixed frame (450), a first fixed pulley (460) and a second fixed pulley (470), a vertical slide groove is provided on one side of the second bracket (440), the fixed frame (450) is slidably mounted on the slide groove, the first fixed pulley (460) is mounted on the inner top of the second bracket (440), the second fixed pulley (470) is mounted on the fixed frame (450), one end of the first connecting line (430) is connected to the second weight unit, and the other end of the first connecting line (430) is connected to the second weight unit through the first fixed pulley (460) and the second fixed pulley (470). ) is connected to the rigid loading disk (210), the second bracket (440) is provided with an openable baffle (480) and a control device (490), the second weight unit is placed on the baffle (480), and the control device (490) is used to control the opening and closing of the baffle (480); when the baffle (480) is controlled to be opened, the second weight unit performs free fall motion and transmits the impact force to the rigid loading disk (210) through the first connecting line (430), the first connecting line (430) converts the vertical impact force of the second weight unit into impact force in other directions through the guide structure (400), the number, weight and free fall height difference of the second weight unit are adjustable to simulate wind loads of different sizes on the roof, and the position of the guide structure (400) is adjustable to simulate wind loads of different directions on the roof; A first displacement monitoring device (500) for monitoring the vertical displacement of the rigid loading plate (210) under rain, snow and wind loads; The second displacement monitoring device (510) is used to monitor the vertical displacement of the roof structure (200) under the action of rain, snow load and wind load.

2. The test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second weight unit comprises a second weight (410) and a tray (420); a through hole is provided at the center of the second weight (410); and the first connecting line (430) passes through the through hole and is connected to the tray (420).

3. The test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first weight (300) is suspended on the lower surface of the roof structure (200) via a second connecting line (310); a third fixed pulley (320) is installed on the first bracket (100); the second connecting line (310) is connected to the first weight (300) via the third fixed pulley (320) for adjusting the horizontal position of the first weight (300).

4. The test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The edge of the opening is surrounded by a circle of mounting grooves, and the rigid loading plate (210) is mounted in the mounting grooves.

5. The test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first bracket (100) is a steel truss.

6. The test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The first displacement monitoring device (500) is a laser displacement meter, which is mounted on the second bracket (440) and is aligned with the centroid of the rigid loading plate (210).

7. The test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The second displacement monitoring device (510) is a light curtain displacement meter. A third bracket (600) and a fourth bracket (610) are respectively mounted on both sides of the first bracket (100). A transmitting end and a receiving end of the light curtain displacement meter are respectively mounted on the third bracket (600) and the fourth bracket (610). A channel is provided on the roof structure (200). Rays emitted from the transmitting end of the light curtain displacement meter pass through the channel and reach the receiving end of the light curtain displacement meter.

8. A test loading method for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure using the test loading device for simulating complex loads on a large-span perforated roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S100, manufacturing a roof structure (200) according to the actual situation of the roof, manufacturing a rigid loading plate (210) having the same shape as the opening on the roof, fixing the rigid loading plate (210) on the opening of the roof structure (200), and placing the roof structure (200) on the first bracket (100); S200, determining the number, weight, and installation position of the first weights (300) according to pre-test loading requirements, and hanging the first weights (300) on the lower surface of the roof structure (200); S300, adjusting the position of the second displacement monitoring device (510); S400, fixing the guide structure (400) on the first bracket (100); S500, connecting one end of the first connecting line (430) to the rigid loading disk (210), and connecting the other end of the first connecting line (430) to the second weight unit, adjusting the number, weight, and free-fall height difference of the second weight unit, and adjusting the guide structure (400) so that the angle between the first connecting line (430) and the rigid loading disk (210) is the angle required for the test; S600, installing a first displacement monitoring device (500), and aligning the first displacement monitoring device (500) with the centroid of the rigid loading plate (210); S700: Allow the second weight unit to fall freely to generate impact force, thereby completing the loading.

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