Electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration

Abstract

An electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping includes a bluff body, an electromechanical conversion assembly, an elastic member, and a rigid connector. The bluff body includes a flexible membrane and a rigid shell, the flexible membrane and the rigid shell enclose at least one sealed cavity, and the bottom of the bluff body includes a flexible membrane; the electromechanical conversion assembly is arranged inside the sealed cavity; the electromechanical conversion assembly includes at least two rows of permanent magnets and a row of coils, a row of coils is arranged between each two adjacent rows of permanent magnets, and each coil is in the magnetic field generated by the adjacent rows of permanent magnets; the two ends of the elastic member are respectively fixed to the inner side wall of the rigid shell and the permanent magnet array; the two ends of the rigid connector are respectively fixed to the inner edge of the flexible membrane and the permanent magnet; the permanent magnet is fixed to an external mounting position through the rigid connector; one or more rows of coils are fixed to the inner side wall of the rigid shell. Under the action of wind, the bluff body supported by the elastic member rotates and gallops under the action of wind, driving the coil to move relative to the permanent magnet and generate electricity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of wind power generation, and in particular to an electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration. Background Art

[0002] Wireless sensor network technology has been widely used in forest fire monitoring, precision agriculture, and atmospheric environment detection. Wireless sensor nodes are the basic units for building wireless sensor networks. Current wireless sensor nodes are powered by batteries, but batteries need to be charged or replaced regularly, the maintenance cost is high, and the use of batteries will also pollute the environment. Some wireless sensor nodes are also powered by solar energy, but the production of solar panels is seriously polluting and the use of solar energy for power supply is greatly affected by the weather. Wind energy is a clean energy that is easy to obtain in the environment. Wind energy harvesters that convert wind energy into electrical energy have many advantages such as long life, maintenance-free and pollution-free. Using them as a substitute or a beneficial supplement for batteries to power wireless sensor nodes can significantly reduce maintenance costs and is very environmentally friendly.

[0003] Existing wind energy collectors include turbine type and wind-induced vibration type. Turbine wind turbines use wind power to drive the turbine to rotate and convert wind energy into rotational kinetic energy, while wind-induced vibration wind energy collectors use wind-induced vibration phenomena to convert wind energy into structural vibration energy, and then use electromechanical conversion principles such as electromagnetic induction, piezoelectric effect, electrostatic induction or friction power generation to further convert rotational kinetic energy or vibration energy into electrical energy. Compared with turbine wind energy collectors, wind-induced vibration wind energy collectors do not contain rotating parts and have significant advantages such as simple structure and easy miniaturization.

[0004] According to the different electromechanical conversion mechanisms, wind-induced vibration energy harvesters can be divided into electromagnetic wind energy harvesters, piezoelectric wind energy harvesters, electrostatic wind energy harvesters, triboelectric wind energy harvesters, and the like. Compared with wind-induced vibration wind energy harvesters that use piezoelectric effect or electrostatic induction to achieve electromechanical conversion, electromagnetic wind energy harvesters that use electromagnetic induction have the outstanding advantage of good long-term stability. However, since the components of electromagnetic wind energy harvesters must include permanent magnets with large mass, and objects with large mass are difficult to vibrate due to wind, the existing electromagnetic wind energy harvesters are large in size and have a high operating wind speed. In addition, the output voltage of the electromagnetic wind energy harvester is low, and multiple steps are required to increase the output voltage to supply it to the load or energy storage element.

[0005] According to the different types of wind-induced vibration, micro-scale wind-induced vibration energy harvesters can be divided into wind energy harvesters based on vortex vibration, wind energy harvesters based on galloping vibration, wind energy harvesters based on flutter vibration, etc. Among them, the starting wind speed of the wind energy harvester based on vortex vibration is relatively low, but its working wind speed range and output power are relatively small; the working wind speed range and output power of wind energy harvesters based on galloping vibration and flutter vibration are much higher than those of wind energy harvesters based on vortex vibration, but their starting wind speed is also relatively high; the structure of wind energy harvesters based on galloping vibration is usually much simpler than that of wind energy harvesters based on flutter vibration, and it is easier to miniaturize. Existing wind energy harvesters based on galloping vibration are mainly based on translation, and wind energy harvesters based on rotational galloping vibration have not been reported so far.

[0006] In addition, the energy conversion units of wind-induced vibration wind energy collectors are mostly directly exposed to the external environment. Rain and dust in the environment cause the performance of the collector to degrade, and even cause problems such as short circuits in the collector, thereby affecting the stability and reliability of the wind energy collector.

[0007] Application Contents

[0008] The purpose of the present application is to provide an electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping and an in-plane multi-directional wind energy collector based on rotational galloping.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides an electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration, including a bluff body, an electromechanical conversion component, an elastic member and a rigid connector. The bluff body includes a flexible membrane and a rigid shell, the flexible membrane and the rigid shell enclose at least one sealed cavity, at least a portion of the side wall of the bluff body is composed of the rigid shell, and at least a portion of the bottom of the bluff body is composed of the flexible membrane; the electromechanical conversion component includes a permanent magnet array and a coil array, the permanent magnet array includes at least two rows of permanent magnets, the coil array includes at least one row of coils, the rows of coils and the rows of permanent magnets are arranged alternately, the same row of permanent magnets includes one or two columns of permanent magnets, the same column of permanent magnets includes at least two permanent magnets connected in sequence along a preset direction of the bluff body, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are arranged toward the permanent magnets at corresponding positions of the adjacent rows, and the magnetic poles of adjacent permanent magnets in the same column are oriented in opposite directions, and the adjacent rows The relative magnetic poles of the permanent magnets at corresponding positions are opposite in magnetism, so that the adjacent rows of permanent magnets have a continuously reversed flipping magnetic field along the preset direction of the bluff body; the same row of coils includes one or two rows of coils, and the same coil is arranged corresponding to at least two permanent magnets on the same row so that the coil is in a reverse flipping magnetic field; the opposite ends of the elastic member are respectively fixed to the inner side wall of the rigid shell and the permanent magnet array; the opposite ends of the rigid connecting member are respectively fixed to the inner edge of the flexible membrane at the bottom of the bluff body and the permanent magnet array; wherein the electromechanical conversion component, the elastic member, and the rigid connecting member are all arranged in one or more sealed cavities therein; and one or more rows of coils are fixed to the inner side wall of the rigid shell.

[0010] When the wind blows, the bluff body of the electromagnetic wind energy collector in the present application is acted upon by aerodynamic force, and the elastic member connected to the inner wall of the rigid shell of the bluff body is twisted and deformed, and the bluff body will undergo rotational galloping, thereby realizing the conversion of wind energy into vibration energy. The rotation of the bluff body drives the coil array to vibrate together, while the permanent magnet array fixed to the installation position by a rigid connector remains stationary, so that relative motion will occur between the coil array and the permanent magnet array, causing the magnetic flux passing through the coil array to change, thereby generating an induced electromotive force at both ends of the coil array, thereby realizing the conversion of vibration energy into electrical energy.

[0011] In order to realize the collection of wind energy from different directions in the environment, the present application also provides a multi-directional electromagnetic wind energy collector in a plane based on rotational vibration. On the basis of the above unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector, the electromechanical conversion component is first adjusted, and the rows of coil arrays are arranged in a cross-shaped pattern, each of which contains at least one row of coil arrays in the two directions of the cross; correspondingly, the rows of permanent magnet arrays are also arranged in the two directions of the cross, each of which contains at least two rows of permanent magnet arrays. The cross-shaped coil array is placed in the gap between the permanent magnet arrays arranged in the two directions of the cross, so that any single coil is in the reverse flip magnetic field generated by at least two permanent magnets on both sides in a preset direction. The number of elastic parts can also be increased, and the installation position of the elastic parts can be adjusted so that the blunt body shell supported by the elastic parts can generate rotational vibration under the action of wind forces in multiple directions. For example, four elastic beams are evenly distributed in the direction of the cross of the coil array, which will enable the collection of multi-directional wind energy in the plane. The remaining corresponding settings of the bluff body, electromechanical conversion assembly, elastic member and rigid connecting member are the same as those of the single-degree-of-freedom electromagnetic wind energy collector.

[0012] Optionally, the preset direction may be a height direction of the bluff body, or a direction of a central rotation axis of the bluff body.

[0013] Optionally, the number of rows of the permanent magnet array is one more than the number of rows of the coil array, a row of coils is provided between each two adjacent rows of permanent magnets, the permanent magnets in adjacent rows correspond one to one, each column of permanent magnets includes at least two permanent magnets connected in sequence along the line direction of the midpoints of the top and bottom of the blunt body (hereinafter referred to as the height direction along the blunt body), the south (S) and north (N) poles of the permanent magnets face the permanent magnets at the same position in the adjacent rows, and the magnetic poles of adjacent permanent magnets in the same column face opposite directions, the relative magnetic poles of the permanent magnets at the same position in the adjacent rows are opposite in magnetism, and for adjacent permanent magnets in corresponding columns of adjacent rows, a magnetic field in the opposite direction along the height direction of the blunt body (hereinafter referred to as a reversing magnetic field) is generated in the gap between the two rows of permanent magnets, each row of coils includes one or two columns of coils, the number of columns of each row of coils is the same as the number of columns of each row of permanent magnets, the number of permanent magnets in each column of permanent magnets is one more than the number of coils in each column of coils, and each coil is in the reversing magnetic field generated by the four permanent magnets in the corresponding columns and corresponding positions of the adjacent rows. The above arrangement in which the number of permanent magnet arrays is one more than the number of coil arrays is the best. Of course, the arrangement in which the number of permanent magnet arrays is one less than the number of coil arrays can also be adopted. In this case, a row of permanent magnets is arranged between every two adjacent rows of coils.

[0014] Optionally, a gap is provided between each row of coils and two adjacent rows of permanent magnets to ensure that the coils do not contact the permanent magnets.

[0015] In the present application, the entire wind energy collector is divided into a fixed part and a moving part through the connection arrangement of each component. The fixed part includes a permanent magnet array and a rigid connector, and the moving part includes a bluff body, a coil array, and an elastic member. Since reducing the mass of the moving part is more conducive to generating wind-induced vibration, the present application fixes the permanent magnet array with a relatively large mass on the rigid connector, and the rigid connector is fixed to an externally specified installation position. The permanent magnet array and the rigid connector remain stationary during the wind-induced vibration process. The moving part of the electromagnetic wind energy collector only includes a coil array with a relatively small mass, an elastic member, and a bluff body. The existing wind-induced vibration electromagnetic wind energy collector is mainly divided into three types: the coil is fixed with a permanent magnet and moves with the bluff body, the permanent magnet is fixed with a coil and moves with the bluff body, and the permanent magnet and the coil both move with the bluff body. The wind energy collector in the present application adopts a method of fixing the permanent magnet part so that the coil vibrates with the bluff body. The mass of its moving part is smaller and it is easier to generate wind-induced vibration, thereby reducing the starting wind speed and improving the efficiency of wind energy collection.

[0016] In order to reduce the mass of the moving part and improve the electrical output, the thickness of the permanent magnet is greater than or equal to the thickness of the coil. In order to further facilitate the occurrence of wind-induced vibration, it is necessary to reduce the mass of the moving part as much as possible. For this purpose, the bluff body and the coil array frame of the fixed coil array are both made of lightweight materials. Under the condition of meeting the rigidity, strength and installation requirements, on the one hand, the thickness of the rigid shell and the flexible membrane of the bluff body should be reduced, and on the other hand, the coil array frame can adopt a hollow structure.

[0017] Optionally, the electromagnetic wind energy collector further includes a support column, which is located outside at least one sealed cavity, and one end of the support column is fixedly connected to the outside of the flexible membrane corresponding to the position of the rigid connector and the inner edge of the flexible membrane. The electromagnetic wind energy collector may also be provided without a support column, and the rigid connector and the inner edge of the flexible membrane may be directly installed together at a preset installation position, such as an installation base, a tree branch, a bridge pier, etc. After the installation is completed, the inner edge of the flexible membrane is clamped between the rigid connector and the installation position. When the electromagnetic wind energy collector further includes a support column, the electromagnetic wind energy collector may also include a base, and the other end of the support column (the end away from the flexible membrane) is fixed to the base, and the base may be connected to the ground, a desktop, a building surface, a tree branch, etc., or the base may not be provided, and the other end of the support column may be directly connected to the ground, a desktop, a building surface, a tree branch, etc.; the base is not necessarily located at the lower side of the bluff body, and the positional relationship between the base and the bluff body is determined according to the installation conditions. In other embodiments, for example, when the base is connected to the bottom of the bridge main beam, the base is located at the upper side of the bluff body.

[0018] Optionally, in order to adapt to the complex environment in the wild, so that the entire device can work well for a long time, and avoid the influence of rain, exposure, dust, etc. on the device, the outer surface of the exposed part (blunt body, support column, base) is coated with a smooth anti-corrosion and sunscreen coating. According to different usage scenarios and installation environments, the exposed part can also use corrosion-resistant and highly applicable rigid materials, such as rigid shells and flexible membranes. Materials that are light, impermeable, and corrosion-resistant, for example, rigid shells can use stainless steel, aluminum, fiberglass, plastics, etc., and flexible membranes can use rubber, textiles, polymers, soft plastics, etc., such as soft and thin rubber membranes. In order to reduce pollution to the environment, the materials of the exposed parts (blunt body, support column, base) are all high-strength environmentally friendly materials, and the support column is preferably made of rigid materials. The coil is made of conductive materials, such as metal materials such as copper. The coil can be either single-turn or multi-turn.

[0019] At the same time, the electromechanical conversion components, elastic parts, and rigid connecting parts are all arranged in the sealed cavity, thereby preventing the sun, rain, dust, corrosive substances, etc. from affecting the performance of the electromechanical conversion components, elastic parts, and rigid connecting parts.

[0020] Optionally, the bottom of the rigid shell of the bluff body is provided with an opening, and the opening is closed by a flexible membrane, a rigid connector and a support column (if any), and the outer edge of the flexible membrane is fixedly connected to the inner side of the rigid shell at the bottom of the bluff body by a pressure ring; the rigid connector and the support column are provided with clamping plates at the ends close to the inner edge of the flexible membrane, and the inner edge of the flexible membrane is clamped between the rigid connector and the support column. When manufacturing, the inner edge of the flexible membrane is clamped between the two clamping plates, and the two clamping plates are fixed together with screws. The plane size of the flexible membrane is larger than the opening to ensure that the flexible membrane remains in a relaxed state after installation, that is, the flexible membrane does not need to be tightened, so that the influence of the flexible membrane on the vibration of the bluff body can be reduced. Through the above measures, it can be ensured that when the bluff body undergoes wind-induced vibration, the support column will not collide with the rigid shell of the bluff body. When there is no support column, the inner edge of the flexible membrane is directly clamped between the clamping plate of the rigid connector and the installation position.

[0021] Optionally, the electromechanical conversion assembly also includes a permanent magnet array frame, the permanent magnet array is mounted on the permanent magnet array frame, the permanent magnet array frame is fixed to the end of the rigid connector away from the flexible membrane, and the end of the elastic member away from the rigid shell side wall is clamped between the rigid connector and the permanent magnet array frame. Optionally, the permanent magnet array frame includes an upper frame and a lower frame, the upper frame and the lower frame cooperate to form a receiving cavity for installing the permanent magnet, and the upper frame and the lower frame are respectively provided with mutually cooperating positioning grooves and positioning bosses for positioning and auxiliary fixing. An initial gap is left between the upper frame and the side walls and top of the bluff body, and an initial gap is left between the lower frame and the side walls, bottom of the bluff body and the flexible membrane to ensure that the bluff body has enough free movement space.

[0022] In the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector of the present application, the lower frame of the permanent magnet array frame includes at least two rows of lower frame units arranged in parallel, the upper frame is an integrated top cover, or it can be formed by connecting several independent rows of units, the upper frame and the lower frame are fixedly connected by bolts through the side extension platform; bosses are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the lower frame for clamping the elastic member; the upper frame and the lower frame cooperate to form at least two rows of permanent magnet array frames, each row of permanent magnet array frames includes one or two permanent magnet accommodating cavities, each permanent magnet accommodating cavity includes a row of permanent magnets connected in sequence along the height direction of the blunt body, and each row of permanent magnets has at least two permanent magnets. For the in-plane multidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector, at least two rows of lower frame units arranged in parallel are included in both directions of the cross, and the rest of the arrangement is the same as that of the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector.

[0023] The elastic part can be a spring steel sheet, a beryllium bronze sheet, etc. The thickness and width of the spring steel sheet and the beryllium bronze sheet are set and adjusted according to the wind speed range in the use environment. The beryllium bronze sheet has the characteristic of being non-magnetic. After heat treatment, its performance can be close to that of a spring steel sheet. It can be used in locations that are greatly affected by the magnetic field. The elastic part can also be a torsion spring.

[0024] Optionally, for the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector, the electromechanical conversion assembly also includes a coil array frame, the coil array frame is used to install the coil array, the coil array frame has one or more rows, the number of rows of the coil array frame is one row less than the number of rows of the permanent magnet array frame, the lower frame of the permanent magnet array frame includes at least two rows of lower frame units arranged in parallel, the coil array frame and the lower frame units are arranged alternately, wherein both ends of each row of coil array frames are respectively fixed on the two opposite inner side walls of the bluff body, each row of coil array frames is provided with one or two coil installation grooves and one or two coil outlet holes, each coil installation groove has a row of coils connected in sequence along the height direction of the bluff body, each row of coils has at least one coil, and the number of coils in each row of coils is one less than the number of permanent magnets in each row of permanent magnets. For the in-plane multidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector, its coil array frame adopts a cross-shaped arrangement, at least one row of coil array frames is arranged in each of the two directions of the cross, and the rest of the arrangement and setting methods are the same as those of the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector.

[0025] The lead wires of the coils are led out through the coil lead holes, and the lead wires of the same row of coils are connected in series. Bayonet holes are provided on two opposite inner side walls of the bluff body for fixing the coil array frame. Each row of the coil array frame is further fixed with glue or the like after being inserted into the corresponding bayonet hole, thereby realizing the fixed connection between the coil array frame and the bluff body. Each row of the coil array frame is in the form of a thin sheet, and its plane shape can be rectangular.

[0026] The basis for selecting the elastic member is to make it easy for the bluff body to undergo rotational galloping under the action of wind but not prone to bending-torsion coupled vibration. This goal can be achieved by reducing the overall torsional stiffness of the elastic member or increasing the overall translational stiffness of the elastic member. For example, if the elastic member adopts a thin rectangular beam, when the neutral axis of the beam is perpendicular to the plane where the coil array frame is located, the wind-induced vibration of the bluff body is mainly rotational galloping.

[0027] When a row of coils has only one column of coils, a row and a column of permanent magnets are respectively provided on both sides of this column of coils, that is, this column of coils is between two columns of permanent magnets, and each coil in this column of coils is in the switching magnetic field formed by four permanent magnets; when a row of coils has two columns of coils, a row and a column of permanent magnets are respectively provided on both sides of the two columns of coils, each column is also between two columns of permanent magnets, and each coil in each column of coils is also in the switching magnetic field formed by four permanent magnets.

[0028] Optionally, the rigid connector and the permanent magnet array frame may be manufactured into one structure, and the elastic member may be fixed separately by a clamp, thereby achieving the purpose of simplifying the collector structure.

[0029] The wind-induced vibration of the electromagnetic wind energy collector proposed in the present application is mainly rotational galloping under the action of wind, and the arrangement of its permanent magnets and coils is determined according to the movement trajectory of the coils during the rotational galloping process. When rotational galloping occurs, the blunt body rotates and vibrates around the neutral axis of the elastic member, and the movement directions of the coils symmetrically arranged on both sides of each row of coil array frames are opposite (the coil on one side moves upward relative to the permanent magnet, and the coil on the other side moves downward relative to the permanent magnet). Therefore, the phase difference between the AC induced electromotive force generated by the coils on the left and right sides is constant, either 0° or 180°. The phase difference is determined by the installation method of the permanent magnet and the coil. According to the relationship between the induced electromotive force of the coils on the left and right sides, all the coils can be electrically connected in series, thereby increasing the output voltage. From the above analysis, it can be seen that compared with the electromagnetic wind energy collector based on bending-torsion coupling vibration, the electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping proposed in the present application has the significant advantages of simpler structure, easier miniaturization and lower cost.

[0030] Optionally, the flexible membrane and the lower frame are both provided with threading holes, the rigid connector and the support column are both hollow structures, the coil array frame also includes a coil connection groove, the lead wires of the same row of coils are connected in series and then led out from the coil connection groove into the hollow part of the support column, and the hollow part of the support column, the threading holes of the flexible membrane, the hollow part of the rigid connector, and the threading holes of the lower frame are all connected in sequence.

[0031] Optionally, a gap is left between the coil array frame and the lower frame in a direction parallel to the cross section of the rigid connector to ensure that the coil array frame and the lower frame do not come into contact during wind-induced vibration; the spacing between two adjacent rows of permanent magnet array frames should be greater than the thickness of each row of coil array frames. Since the in-plane multi-directional electromagnetic wind energy harvester based on rotational vibration will generate rotational vibrations in different directions, it is necessary to increase the spacing between the two rows of permanent magnets to be large enough to ensure that when rotational vibrations in any direction are generated, the coil array frame and the permanent magnet array frame will not collide laterally.

[0032] Optionally, each coil is placed in the middle of the permanent magnets at corresponding positions of two adjacent columns, and the thickness of the permanent magnets is greater than or equal to the thickness of the coils.

[0033] The permanent magnet array in the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector in the present application can be at least two rows and one column of permanent magnets, one column of permanent magnets includes at least two permanent magnets connected in sequence, the coils are at least one row and one column, the row of coils is arranged between the two rows of permanent magnets, each column of coils includes one or more coils connected in sequence along the height direction of the blunt body, wherein the number of coils in each column is one less than the number of permanent magnets in each column, and each coil is in the flip magnetic field generated by the four permanent magnets in the corresponding positions of the adjacent rows and columns. When the number of permanent magnets needs to be increased, the number of rows and columns of permanent magnets can be increased arbitrarily as needed, and the number of coil rows is one less than the number of permanent magnet rows, the number of columns of each row of coils is equal to the number of columns of each row of permanent magnets, and the number of coils in each column of coils is one less than the number of permanent magnets in each column. The permanent magnet array of the in-plane multidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector in the present application includes at least two rows and one column of permanent magnets in each of the two cross directions, and the coil includes at least one row and one column in each of the two directions. The arrangement in a single direction is the same as that of the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector.

[0034] All permanent magnets may be arranged in the same shape and size. In other embodiments, permanent magnets in the same row may have the same shape and size. Permanent magnets in different rows may have different thicknesses, although they may have the same shape and planar dimensions. The shape and size of the coil may be selected according to the shape and size of the permanent magnet.

[0035] Optionally, the shape of the bluff body can be a rotating body or a non-rotating body. The rotating body includes a cylinder, a sphere, a cone, a truncated cone, and a spherical segment. The non-rotating body includes a prism or an elliptical cylinder. For example, when the bluff body is a rotating body such as a cylinder, the side wall, i.e., the side surface of the cylinder, the wind in all directions in the horizontal direction exerts a force on the rigid shell, so the wind direction range for the normal operation of the power generation device is very large. When the bluff body has a central axis, for example, when the bluff body is a rotating body, the rigid connector can deviate from the axis of the bluff body, that is, the position of the flexible membrane can deviate from its center, the rigid connection axis can also be located at the axis of the bluff body, and the flexible membrane is also located at the center of the bluff body.

[0036] The shape of the flexible film can be circular, elliptical, or polygonal such as a triangle, quadrilateral, or pentagon. The shape of the pressure ring is set according to the shape of the flexible film. The shape of the rigid connector can be the same as or different from the shape of the support, such as a cylindrical or prism shape. The shape of the permanent magnet can be rectangular or fan-shaped, and the shape of the coil can also be a corresponding shape, which is set according to the shape of the permanent magnet.

[0037] Optionally, the bottom of the bluff body includes at least a portion of a flexible membrane, the side wall of the bluff body is a rigid shell, and there is no limitation on whether the top of the bluff body is a rigid shell or a flexible membrane. For example, the top can be entirely made of a rigid shell. The device structure is relatively simple and is conducive to reducing processing costs. Furthermore, the rigidity of the entire device can be reduced, thereby reducing the cut-in wind speed (start-up wind speed) of the entire device.

[0038] In order to collect wind energy in different directions in the horizontal plane, the permanent magnet array and coil array in the present application can be arranged in multiple groups, and the coils and permanent magnets arranged in rows in the same group are parallel to each other and arranged alternately. The directions of the permanent magnets in different groups are different, and the two rows of permanent magnets between different groups can be arranged at a certain angle, which can be 90°, 60°, 30°, 45°, 10°, 20°, etc. For example, when the two rows of permanent magnets in the same group are arranged at an angle of 90°, the permanent magnets of different groups are arranged in a cross-shaped manner.

[0039] The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration has good scalability. A single electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration is only sensitive to the wind load along the width direction of the elastic member, and the blunt body will undergo rotational vibration around the neutral axis of the elastic member. The wind speed and wind direction in the natural environment vary with time and space. In order to broaden the working wind speed range and wind direction range of the collector, the present application can also provide a wind energy collector group, including a plurality of any of the above electromagnetic wind energy collectors based on rotational vibration installed on the same rod. Multiple electromagnetic wind energy collectors based on rotational vibration are arranged in an array along a circle, or multiple electromagnetic wind energy collectors based on rotational vibration are arranged in an array along a specific spherical surface to further enhance the ability to collect wind energy in different directions.

[0040] Blunt bodies in the same group can be set to the same shape, in which case the geometrical dimensions of the bluff bodies can be slightly different, and the shapes of the bluff bodies can also be set to be different. The purpose of the above setting is to make the working wind speed range and wind direction range of each bluff body in the same group slightly different, and to make the working wind speed range and wind direction range of two bluff bodies with adjacent working wind speed range and wind direction range have adjacent overlapping intervals, thereby realizing the continuous expansion of the working wind speed range and wind direction range of the same group structure. In other words, when the wind speed and wind direction continuously change over a large range, it can be ensured that at least one bluff body has a high electrical output.

[0041] In summary, in the present application, through the connection arrangement of each component, the entire wind energy collector is divided into a fixed part and a moving part, the fixed part includes a permanent magnet and a rigid connector, and the moving part includes a blunt body, a coil and an elastic member. Since reducing the mass of the moving part can effectively improve wind-induced vibration, the present application fixes a relatively large permanent magnet on a rigid connector, and fixes it to a designated installation position through a rigid connector. The permanent magnet and the rigid connector remain stationary during the wind-induced vibration process. The moving part of the electromagnetic wind energy collector only includes a coil array, an elastic member and a blunt body with a relatively small mass. Most of the permanent magnets of the existing wind-induced vibration electromagnetic wind energy collectors move with the movement of the blunt body. The electromagnetic wind energy collector in the present application adopts a method of fixing the permanent magnet and the coil moving with the blunt body. The mass of the moving part is smaller and it is easier to cause wind-induced vibration, thereby reducing the starting wind speed. Through structural adjustment, it can realize the collection of wind energy in any direction in the plane. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0043] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a collector provided in Example 1 of the present application without the electromechanical conversion component and the elastic member;

[0044] Figure 3 It is a matching schematic diagram and an exploded schematic diagram between the support column, the bottom of the bluff body, the rigid support member, and the lower frame provided in the first embodiment of the present application, and the arrow points from the matching schematic diagram to the exploded schematic diagram;

[0045] Figure 4 is a top view of the wind energy collector provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0046] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a fixed part and a moving part of a wind energy collector provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0047] Figure 6 From left to right are a schematic diagram of the coordination of a permanent magnet array frame and a coil array frame provided in Example 1 of the present application, and a schematic diagram of the coordination of a permanent magnet and a coil array frame;

[0048] Figure 7 From left to right are the schematic diagram of the upper frame and the lower frame separated and matched respectively provided in the first embodiment of the present application;

[0049] Figure 8 The front view, top view and stereoscopic view of the coil array frame provided in the first embodiment of the present application are shown from top to bottom;

[0050] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet and a coil provided in Example 1 of the present application on a cross section perpendicular to the coil array frame, wherein the two arrows in the figure indicate the width direction and the height direction respectively;

[0051] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the rotational wind-induced vibration mode of a bluff body provided in Example 1 of the present application;

[0052] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the cooperation between the permanent magnet and the coil array frame provided in the second embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of a bluff body of different shapes provided in Example 2 of the present application;

[0054] Fig.13 It is a schematic diagram of an in-plane multi-directional electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping provided in Example 3 of the present application;

[0055] Fig.14 is a schematic diagram of a wind energy collector group provided in Embodiment 4 of the present application;

[0056] Fig.15 This is a graph of the effective value of the output open-circuit voltage obtained from the experimental test of the wind energy collector provided in Example 5 of the present application;

[0057] Fig.16 This is a normalized output power diagram obtained by testing the in-plane multi-directional electromagnetic wind energy collector provided in Example 6 of the present application at different wind speeds and wind directions. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] The specific implementation of the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The following examples are used to illustrate the present application, but are not used to limit the scope of the present application.

[0059] The fixed connection in the present application includes threaded connection, key connection, pin connection, bonding and other connection methods in which the two parts no longer move relative to each other.

[0060] Blunt body in the present application refers to a non-streamline body, at the boundary of which flow separation will be formed, a wake will be generated at the rear, and vortex shedding will be accompanied (which may be periodic or non-periodic).

[0061] The term "plurality" in the present application refers to any number of two or more than two.

[0062] The connection in this application includes not only direct connection but also indirect connection.

[0063] The inner wall of the flexible membrane in the present application refers to the side located in the sealed cavity. Similarly, the inner wall of the rigid shell also refers to the side located in the sealed cavity.

[0064] The cross section of the rigid connector refers to the cross section parallel to the bottom of the bluff body.

[0065] The shortest connecting line between two magnetic poles of the permanent magnet is parallel to the thickness direction of the permanent magnet, and the thickness of the permanent magnet is not greater than the height of the permanent magnet.

[0066] The height direction is parallel to the axis of the rigid connector or support column of the side wall.

[0067] Rotational vibration refers to vibration mainly caused by rotation.

[0068] Embodiment 1

[0069] Please refer to Figures 1 to 10 , this embodiment provides a unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping, including a bluff body 30, an electromechanical conversion assembly 50, an elastic member 60, a rigid connector 210 and a support column 211. The bluff body 30 includes a flexible membrane 313 and a rigid shell 310, and the flexible membrane 313 and the rigid shell 310 enclose a sealed cavity 40. In other embodiments, there may be multiple sealed cavities. The side walls of the bluff body 30 are all composed of the rigid shell 310, and a part of the bottom 312 of the bluff body is composed of the flexible membrane 313; the electromechanical conversion assembly 50 includes a permanent magnet array 516 and a coil array 526. The permanent magnet array 519 in this embodiment includes three rows and two columns of permanent magnets 520. Each column of permanent magnets 520 includes two permanent magnets 520 connected in sequence. The polarities of the adjacent permanent magnets 520 in the same column are opposite, and the opposite magnetic poles of the adjacent rows of permanent magnets 520 are arranged relative to each other, that is, a row of permanent magnets 5 The south (S) pole of 20 faces the north (N) pole of an adjacent row of permanent magnets 520, the coil array includes two rows of coils, a row of coils is provided between each two adjacent rows of permanent magnets 520, each row of coils includes two coils, and each coil is in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 520 in adjacent rows and columns; the two ends of the elastic member 60 are respectively fixed to the inner wall of the rigid shell 310 and the permanent magnet array 519; the two ends of the rigid connecting member 210 are respectively fixed to the inner edge 315 of the flexible membrane 313 at the bottom and the permanent magnet array 519; wherein, the electromechanical conversion component 50, the elastic member 60, and the rigid connecting member 210 are all arranged in the sealed cavity 40; and the multiple rows of coils are fixed to the inner wall of the rigid shell 310.

[0070] In this embodiment, through the connection arrangement of various components, the entire wind energy collector is divided into a fixed part and a moving part. The fixed part includes a permanent magnet array 519, a rigid connector 210 and a support column 211, and the moving part includes a bluff body 30, a coil array and an elastic member 60. Since reducing the mass of the moving part is more conducive to generating wind-induced vibration and reducing the starting wind speed, the present application fixes the permanent magnet array 519 with a relatively large mass on the rigid connector 210, and the rigid connector 210 is fixed to a designated external installation position through the support column 211 or directly, and they remain motionless during the wind-induced vibration process. The moving part of the electromagnetic wind energy collector only includes a coil array 526 with a relatively small mass, an elastic member 60 and a bluff body 30. Therefore, compared with the existing wind-induced vibration electromagnetic wind energy collector (the coil is fixed, the permanent magnet vibrates with the bluff body, or the permanent magnet and the coil vibrate with the bluff body), the moving part of the wind energy collector in the present application has a smaller mass, is more prone to wind-induced vibration, reduces the starting wind speed, and improves the efficiency of wind energy collection. The schematic diagram of the rotational galloping of the bluff body in this embodiment is as follows Fig.10 As shown, the elastic member 60 serves as the elastic structure of the entire electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping. When wind blows, the bluff body 30 is acted upon by aerodynamic force, and the bluff body 30 rotates around the central axis of the elastic member 60 to generate rotational galloping, thereby driving the coil array frame 521 to generate rotational vibration, causing the coil 525 and the permanent magnet 520 to generate relative displacement, thereby generating electrical output.

[0071] The electromagnetic wind energy collector may further include a base 10, with the other end of the support column 211 (the end away from the flexible membrane 313) being fixed to the base 10. The base 10 may be fixedly connected to the ground, a desktop, a building surface, a tree branch, etc., or the base 10 may not be provided, with the other end of the support column 211 being directly fixedly connected to the ground, a desktop, a building surface, a tree branch, etc., and the base is also a fixed part.

[0072] At the same time, the electromechanical conversion component 50, the elastic component 60, and the rigid connecting component 210 are all arranged in the sealed cavity 40, thereby preventing the performance of the electromechanical conversion component 50, the elastic component 60, and the rigid connecting component 210 from being affected by sunlight, rain, dust, corrosive substances, etc.

[0073] In this embodiment, the outer edge of the flexible membrane 313 is fixedly connected to the inner edge of the bottom 312 of the bluff body by a pressure ring 314. The ends of the rigid connector 210 and the support column 211 close to the inner edge of the flexible membrane 313 are both provided with clamps. The rigid connector 210 and the support column 211 are fixedly connected by a threaded connector. The pressure ring 314 fixes the flexible membrane 313 along the outer edge of the flexible membrane 313 and keeps the flexible membrane 313 in a relaxed state, that is, it does not need to be tightened, thereby reducing the influence of the flexible membrane 313 on the vibration of the bluff body 30. The bottom 312 of the bluff body is provided with an opening. The opening in this embodiment is a circular hole and is sealed by the flexible membrane 313. The flexible membrane 313 is clamped between the clamp of the rigid connector 210 and the clamp of the support column 211. The provision of the clamp is conducive to increasing the contact area, thereby improving the clamping strength of the inner edge of the flexible membrane 313.

[0074] In this embodiment, the bottom 312 of the bluff body is provided with an opening, and the opening is provided to reserve the required movement space for the rotational vibration of the bluff body 30, so that the bluff body 30 does not collide with the support column 211 or the rigid connector 210 when the amplitude of the rotational vibration does not exceed a specified value; the flexible membrane 313 is used to seal it, which can not only seal the entire bluff body 30, but also reduce the constraint on the bluff body 30 when the rotational vibration occurs, because the flexible membrane has a small rigidity.

[0075] In this embodiment, the electromechanical conversion assembly 50 further includes a permanent magnet array frame 510, on which the permanent magnet array 519 is mounted, and the permanent magnet array frame 510 is fixed to the end of the rigid connector 210 away from the flexible film 313, and the end of the elastic member 60 away from the side wall is clamped between the rigid connector 210 and the permanent magnet array frame 510. In this embodiment, the permanent magnet array frame 510 includes an upper frame 511 and a lower frame 514, which cooperate to form a receiving cavity for accommodating the permanent magnet array 519, and the receiving cavity can be formed by combining the groove 512 of the upper frame and the groove 515 of the lower frame, and the size and depth of the receiving space should be slightly larger than the size of the permanent magnet array 519 to facilitate installation. The upper frame 511 and the lower frame 514 are respectively provided with mutually cooperating positioning grooves 518 and positioning bosses 513 for positioning and auxiliary fixing. An initial spacing is reserved between the upper frame 511 and the side wall of the bluff body 30 , the top of the bluff body 30 and the flexible membrane 313 to ensure that the bluff body 30 has enough space to move.

[0076] The lower frame 514 of the permanent magnet array frame 510 includes three rows of lower frame units arranged in parallel, the upper frame 511 is an integrated top cover, and can also be formed by connecting several independent rows, the upper frame 511 and the lower frame 514 are fixedly connected by bolts through the extension platform on the side; bosses 516 are arranged on both sides of the bottom of the lower frame 514 for clamping the elastic member 60. The shape of the lower frame 514 of the permanent magnet array frame 510 is set according to the shape of the permanent magnet 520. The bottoms of the three rows of lower frame units are connected by connecting plates, and corresponding connecting plates are arranged on the tops of the rigid connectors. The connecting plates or bosses of the lower frame units and the connecting plates of the rigid connectors are fixedly connected by screws, so that the permanent magnet lower frame 514 and the rigid connector 210 are fixedly connected. The connecting plates of the lower frame units and the connecting plates of the rigid connectors are both long strips, and the length of the connecting plates of the rigid connectors is preferably suitable for being connected with the bosses to clamp the elastic member. In addition, the thickness of the boss in this embodiment is greater than the thickness of the connecting plate, and the thickness of the connecting plate can be adjusted according to the actual application scenario to increase its strength, and the thickness direction is parallel to the height direction. Holes 517 for wires to pass through are provided on the connecting plates of the three rows of lower frame units.

[0077] The elastic member 60 in this embodiment can be a spring steel sheet, and the thickness and width of the spring steel sheet can be set and adjusted according to the wind speed range in the use environment. The central axis of the elastic member 60 in this embodiment is perpendicular to the plane where each row of coil array frames 521 is located.

[0078] like Figure 4 As shown, a fixing ring 610 is further provided inside the bluff body in this embodiment, and the fixing ring is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the bluff body and is used to assist in fixing the elastic member 60. The fixing ring 610 in this embodiment is annular, but in other embodiments, it may not be annular, that is, a fixing structure of other shapes, such as a triangular bracket, etc., is provided inside the side wall on the side where the elastic member 60 is provided.

[0079] In this embodiment, the electromechanical conversion component 50 also includes a coil array frame 521, which is used to install the coil array. The coil array frame 521 has two rows. The lower frame 514 of the permanent magnet array frame 510 includes three rows of lower frame 514 units arranged in parallel. The coil array frame 521 and the lower frame 514 units are arranged alternately. The two ends of the two rows of coil array frames 521 are respectively fixedly connected to the inner wall of the blunt body 30. Each row of coil array frames 521 is provided with two coil mounting grooves 522 and two coil wire outlet holes 523. The coils in the same row are installed in the coil mounting grooves 522 of the coil array frames 521 in the same row. The coil installation groove 522 is used to install the coil 525. First, transparent tape can be used to seal and fix one side of the coil array frame 521. After the coil is installed, silicone or ultraviolet glue is injected into the coil installation groove 522 for curing. The coil lead hole 523 is used to lead out the output leads at both ends of the coil 525. Two of the lead wires of the two symmetrically placed coils 525 are welded and placed in the coil connection groove 524, so that the two coils are electrically connected in series. Finally, ultraviolet glue is used to cure and seal the coil connection groove 524; the output wire after electrical series connection is led out from the middle of the coil connection groove 524.

[0080] Specifically, regarding the connection of the lead wires of the two symmetrical coils 525, it is necessary to first determine the polarity relationship of the permanent magnet array 519, and then consider the winding direction of the coil. In this embodiment, a row of permanent magnets 520 is respectively provided on both sides of the same row of coils, and each row of permanent magnets includes two columns, and each column includes two permanent magnets 520 connected in sequence, that is, there are two pairs of adjacent permanent magnets 520, and each pair of permanent magnets 520 corresponds to a coil, and the two coils are symmetrically arranged in the flip magnetic field generated by the two pairs of permanent magnets 520. For the convenience of description, the coils on the same row are referred to as coils on the left and right sides. The polarity positions of the permanent magnet arrays 519 symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides are the same, and the winding directions of the two installed coils 525 are the same; since the vibration mode of the blunt body 30 is rotational motion, the coil array frame 521 rotates around the center point, the movement directions of the coils 525 on the left and right sides are opposite, and the current directions generated in the two coils 525 are opposite, therefore, the two coils should be connected in reverse according to the winding direction to achieve electrical series connection.

[0081] like Fig. 9As shown, the arrangement direction of the three dots in the figure means that the permanent magnets and coils can be increased or decreased in the direction indicated by the dots to meet different usage requirements. In this embodiment, each column of permanent magnets 519 includes two permanent magnets 520 connected in sequence along the direction parallel to the line connecting the top and bottom center points of the blunt body 30, the south (S) pole and the north (N) pole of the permanent magnet 520 are along the thickness direction of the permanent magnet array frame 510, and the south poles and north poles of the two permanent magnets 520 are arranged in opposite directions; the south poles and north poles of the two permanent magnets 520 fixed at the corresponding positions of the two adjacent rows of permanent magnet array frames are arranged in the same direction, so the magnetic force between the two rows of permanent magnet array frames is attractive; when making the collector, the top and bottom edges of each coil 525 are respectively located in the middle of the four oppositely arranged permanent magnets 520.

[0082] Specifically, in this embodiment, under the action of wind, the coil array frame 521 rotates and vibrates together with the bluff body 30. In order to ensure that the coil 525 can always be in the flip magnetic field during movement and improve the electromechanical conversion efficiency, the size of the rectangular permanent magnet array 519 should completely cover and be larger than the movement range of the coil 520, and the coil 525 is located at the center of the four permanent magnets 520 that are relatively arranged.

[0083] Optionally, in this embodiment, the elastic member 60 is selected as the elastic structure of the entire device, and other elastic structures may be selected to achieve this, such as a torsion spring, etc. The stiffness of the elastic member 60 will directly affect the frequency of the vibration of the bluff body 30, and further affect the output performance of the electromechanical conversion assembly 50. The length, width and thickness of the elastic member 60 are optional. The longer the length, the shorter the width and the thinner the thickness of the elastic member, the smaller the torsional stiffness of the elastic member 60, the lower the vibration frequency of the bluff body, and the relatively low wind speed of the vibration. On the contrary, the shorter the length, the longer the width and the thicker the thickness, the greater the torsional stiffness of the elastic member 60, the higher the vibration frequency of the bluff body, and the relatively high wind speed of the vibration. Therefore, the relationship between the length, width and thickness of the elastic member 60 can be adjusted according to the wind speed conditions in the actual environment, so that the entire electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration can reach the best use state.

[0084] It should be noted that in this embodiment, the electromechanical conversion component 50 performs contactless conversion during electromechanical conversion; there is a gap between the coil 525 and the permanent magnet array frame 510, so that no collision or friction occurs, thereby improving the long-term stability of the device. This provides a good guarantee for the long-term operation of the entire electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration in the wild natural environment, reflecting the advantages of the device in the application of the natural environment.

[0085] The inner wall of the bluff body 30 is also provided with a bayonet 311 which is arranged oppositely, and is used to fix and install the coil array frame of the coil unit, so that the coil array frame for installing the coil is fixedly connected to the bluff body 30, and the bayonet hole is arranged near the bottom of the bluff body, and the coil array is installed by inserting it upward from the bottom of the bluff body. In other embodiments, other fixed installation structures can also be adopted. The coil array frame is in the shape of a thin sheet, and can be rectangular.

[0086] The electromagnetic wind energy collector proposed in the present application mainly generates rotational galloping under the action of wind, and the arrangement of the permanent magnet 520 and the coil is determined according to the movement trajectory of the coil during the rotational galloping process. When the rotational galloping occurs, the bluff body 30 generates a rotational wind-induced vibration around the neutral axis of the elastic member 60, and the movement directions of the coils on the left and right sides of each row of coil array frame are opposite (the coil on one side moves upward relative to the permanent magnet 520, and the coil on the other side moves downward relative to the permanent magnet 520). Therefore, the phase difference between the AC induced electromotive force generated by the coils on the left and right sides is constant, either 0° or 180°, and the phase difference is determined by the installation method of the permanent magnet 520 and the coil. According to the relationship between the induced electromotive force of the coils on the left and right sides, all the coils can be electrically connected in series, thereby realizing the superposition of electrical output. From the above analysis, it can be seen that compared with the electromagnetic wind energy collector based on bending-torsion coupling vibration, the electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping proposed in the present application has the significant advantages of simpler structure, easier miniaturization and lower cost.

[0087] In this embodiment, the flexible membrane 313 and the lower frame 514 are both provided with threading holes, the rigid connector 210 and the support column 211 are both hollow structures, and the coil array frame 521 also includes a coil connection groove 524. The lead wires from the same row of coils are connected in series and then lead out from the coil connection groove 524 and enter the hollow part 212 of the support column 211, and the hollow part 212 of the support column 211, the threading holes of the flexible membrane 313, the hollow part 212 of the rigid connector 210, and the threading holes of the lower frame 514 are all connected in sequence.

[0088] In this embodiment, in the direction parallel to the cross-section of the rigid connector 210, a spacing is left between the coil array frame 521 and the lower frame 514, and the spacing between adjacent rows of the lower frames 514 is greater than the thickness of the coil array frame to avoid collision or friction between the coil array frame 521 and the permanent magnet array frame 510 during movement.

[0089] The thickness of each row of coil array frames 521 is 2 mm, and the spacing between every two rows of permanent magnet array frames 510 is 4 mm, so that the spacing between each row of coil array frames 521 and adjacent permanent magnet array frames 510 is 1 mm. When making the collector, the top and bottom edges of each coil are respectively located at the midline positions of four relatively arranged permanent magnets.

[0090] In this embodiment, in order to ensure the output performance of the collector, the thickness of the permanent magnet needs to be increased. The thickness of the coil 525 can be relatively small to reduce its mass and make it easier to cause wind-induced vibration. The thickness of the permanent magnet 520 is greater than or equal to the thickness of the coil.

[0091] In this embodiment, the shape of the bluff body 30 is a quadrangular prism. The side walls are the four sides of the quadrangular prism. Winds in all directions in the horizontal direction exert forces on the rigid shell 310, so the wind direction range in which the power generation device works normally is very large. When the bluff body 30 has a central axis, for example, when the bluff body 30 is a rotating body, the rigid connector 210 can deviate from the axis of the bluff body 30, that is, the position of the flexible membrane 313 can deviate from its center, the rigid connection axis can also be located at the axis of the bluff body 30, and the flexible membrane 313 is also located at the center of the bluff body 30.

[0092] The shape of the flexible film 313 can be circular, elliptical, or polygonal such as a triangle, quadrilateral, or pentagon. The shape of the pressure ring 314 is set according to the shape of the flexible film 313. The shape of the rigid connector 210 can be the same as or different from the shape of the support, such as a cylindrical or prism shape. The shape of the permanent magnet 520 can be rectangular or fan-shaped, and the shape of the coil can also be selected in a corresponding shape and set according to the shape of the permanent magnet 520.

[0093] In this embodiment, the base 10, the support column 211 and the bluff body 30 are all made of high-strength environmentally friendly materials and will not pollute the environment. In order to adapt to the complex environment of the field, so that the entire device can work well for a long time and avoid the influence of rain, sun exposure, dust and the like in the environment on the device, the outer surfaces of the base 10, the support column 211 and the bluff body 30 are coated with a smooth anti-corrosion and sun-proof coating.

[0094] Optionally, for different usage scenarios and installation environments, the base 10 and support column 211 in this embodiment can be replaced with other corrosion-resistant and highly applicable rigid materials, such as stainless steel; the bluff body can also be made of plastic with good environmental adaptability, light weight and waterproofness.

[0095] In order to further facilitate the occurrence of wind-induced vibration, it is necessary to reduce the mass of the moving parts as much as possible. For this purpose, the bluff body 30 and the coil array frame for mounting the coil array are both made of lightweight materials. Under the condition of meeting the rigidity, strength and installation requirements, the thickness of the bluff body 30 should be as thin as possible, and the coil array frame can adopt a hollow structure.

[0096] Embodiment 2

[0097] Except for the shape of the bluff body and the electromagnetic electromechanical conversion assembly, the composition, shape, arrangement, etc. of each part of the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational oscillation provided in Example 2 and the wind energy collector of Example 1 are the same as those in Example 1 and will not be repeated here. Only the differences are described below.

[0098] The shape of the bluff body in the second embodiment is cylindrical or hexagonal, and the bluff body is replaceable.

[0099] like Fig.11 As shown, the present embodiment adopts a combination of a fan-shaped permanent magnet 70 and a fan-shaped coil 80, which can enable the collector to obtain better output performance in the rotating galloping mode. The fan-shaped coil 80 is always within the magnetic field range of the fan-shaped permanent magnet during the torsional vibration process. The arrangement, quantity relationship and movement mode of the fan-shaped coil 80 and the fan-shaped permanent magnet 70 are the same as those in the first embodiment. Each fan-shaped coil 80 is placed in the middle position of four relatively arranged fan-shaped permanent magnets 70 to ensure that a larger magnetic flux change can be generated during the movement of the coil. It should be noted that the arrangement of the present embodiment is also applicable to other special-shaped coils and special-shaped permanent magnets. Under the condition of meeting the rigidity, strength and installation requirements, the coil array frame 521 can adopt a hollow structure to reduce the mass of the coil array frame.

[0100] like Fig.12 As shown, the shape of the bluff body 30 in this embodiment can be adjusted and replaced according to different needs and application scenarios. The cross section of the bluff body 30 can be a regular symmetrical structure such as a circle, a regular hexagon, or other special shaped structures to maximize the use of wind power.

[0101] Embodiment 3

[0102] The unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector described in the first embodiment is suitable for the case where the wind direction is parallel to the width direction of the elastic member. In order to collect wind energy in different directions in the horizontal plane, in order to collect wind energy in different directions in the plane, the following method can be used: Fig.13The in-plane multi-directional electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping is shown. The permanent magnet array frame 510 and the coil array frame 521 are arranged in a cross-shaped pattern, and two rows of permanent magnet array frame units are arranged in each direction in two directions perpendicular to each other, and a row of coil array frames is arranged between the two rows. The coil can still be in the reverse flip magnetic field along the height direction of the blunt body generated by at least two permanent magnets on both sides. The arrangement and position relationship of the permanent magnet array 519 and the coil array 525 are the same as the arrangement described in Example 1. In this embodiment, elastic parts are arranged along the four directions of the cross-connected coil array frame, and a circular shell is used as the collector blunt body. The cross-connected coil array frame is fixedly connected to the blunt body, so that the blunt body can rotate and vibrate under the action of wind from different directions. When the bluff body is subjected to wind load, the elastic member with a neutral axis perpendicular to the wind direction undergoes torsional vibration around the neutral axis, and the elastic member with a neutral axis parallel to the wind direction undergoes bending vibration. The bluff body is mainly manifested as rotational galloping, that is, the neutral axis of the elastic member with a neutral axis perpendicular to the wind direction rotates around the neutral axis. Compared with the first embodiment, the initial spacing between the coil array frame and the permanent magnet array frame in the third embodiment is larger to avoid the coil array frame perpendicular to the wind direction from colliding with the permanent magnet array frames on both sides during the rotational galloping. In this embodiment, the number of elastic members can exceed four, such as six, and the number of permanent magnet arrays and coil arrays can also be increased. For example, three groups of permanent magnet arrays and coil arrays with an angle of 60° between each other can be set. Through this improvement, the collector can be further improved to have a stronger adaptability to wind direction changes; in addition, the direction of the neutral axis of the elastic member can be inconsistent with the direction of the permanent magnet row, for example, the angle between the two can be taken as 10°, 20°, 30° and 45°.

[0103] Embodiment 4

[0104] The one-way electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration has good scalability. A single one-way electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration is only sensitive to the wind load along the width direction of the spring steel sheet. The bluff body 30 will rotate and vibrate around the central axis of the spring steel sheet. The wind speed and direction in the natural environment vary with time and space. Fig.14 As shown, in order to broaden the working wind speed range and wind direction range, this embodiment provides a wind energy collector group, including multiple unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collectors based on rotational galloping as described in Embodiment 1 or Embodiment 2 installed on the same rod. There are three electromagnetic wind energy collectors in this embodiment, but in other embodiments, the data can be set according to the use requirements.

[0105] The three unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collectors based on rotational vibration in this embodiment are arranged in an array along the circumference. In other embodiments, multiple unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collectors based on rotational vibration can also be arranged in an array along a specific spherical surface to further improve the ability to collect wind energy in different directions. The unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collectors in this embodiment are of the same shape and size, and the length of the support columns is also the same. A connection node is provided between the three wind energy collectors, and a main support column is used to support the connection node and the base.

[0106] Embodiment 5

[0107] Based on the first embodiment, three-dimensional printing was used to produce Figure 1 The rigid shell, magnet array frame, coil array frame and support column of the unidirectional electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping are shown. The blunt body is 63mm long, 63mm wide, 36mm high, and 0.4mm thick. A 15mm×10mm×0.15mm spring steel sheet is used as the elastic part. The diameter of the opening at the bottom of the blunt body is 30mm. The flexible membrane is a rubber film. The electromechanical conversion component adopts a combination of three rows of permanent magnets and two rows of coils. Each row of permanent magnets contains two columns, and each row of coils contains two coils. The permanent magnet is made of N52 neodymium iron boron magnet, and the size of each neodymium iron boron magnet is 10mm×10mm×5mm. The coil is wound with a copper wire with a diameter of 50μm, and the outer size of each coil is 13mm×10mm×2mm. The total internal resistance of the two rows of coils is 1.6kΩ, and the net spacing between the two coils in the same row is 18mm.

[0108] The performance of the electromagnetic wind energy collector provided in Example 5 was tested in a wind tunnel. In the experiment, the wind direction was perpendicular to the windward surface and blew onto the bluff body. As the wind speed increased, the measured open circuit voltage effective value was as follows: Fig.15 The starting wind speed of the collector's rotation and oscillation is slightly lower than 4m / s. After that, the effective value of the open circuit voltage also increases with the increase of wind speed. When the wind speed is 4m / s and 9m / s, the effective value of the open circuit voltage is 4.6V and 11.9V respectively.

[0109] Embodiment 6

[0110] Based on Example 3, a Fig.13The prototype of the in-plane multi-directional electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping shown in the figure has a blunt body with a diameter of 68 mm, a height of 35 mm and a wall thickness of 0.5 mm; the elastic member is made of heat-treated beryllium bronze material, and its length, width and thickness are 22 mm, 5 mm and 100 μm respectively; the permanent magnet and coil materials and dimensions are the same as those used in Example 5, the permanent magnet is made of N52 neodymium iron boron magnet, and the size of each neodymium iron boron magnet is 15 mm×8 mm×5 mm; the coil is wound with copper wire with a diameter of 50 μm, the outer dimensions of each coil are 15 mm×8 mm×3 mm, the total internal resistance of a single row of coils is 1.5 kΩ, the spacing between two relative rows of permanent magnets is 10 mm, and the net distance between two coils in the same row is 18 mm.

[0111] The performance of the collector prototype in Example 6 was tested in a wind tunnel, and the wind speed was kept constant during the test, which was 8m / s. When the angle between the wind direction and the neutral axis of a certain elastic member was 0°, the effective values ​​of the open circuit voltage of the coil parallel to the wind direction and the coil perpendicular to the wind direction were 2.121V and 0.875V respectively; when the angle between the wind direction and the neutral axis of a certain elastic member was 15°, the effective values ​​of the open circuit voltage of the coil parallel to the wind direction and the coil perpendicular to the wind direction were 2.051V and 1.106V respectively; when the angle between the wind direction and the neutral axis of a certain elastic member was 30°, the effective values ​​of the open circuit voltage of the coil parallel to the wind direction and the coil perpendicular to the wind direction were 1.901V and 1.548V respectively; when the angle between the wind direction and the neutral axis of a certain elastic member was 45°, the effective values ​​of the open circuit voltage of the coil parallel to the wind direction and the coil perpendicular to the wind direction were 2.057V and 1.941V respectively. Connect 6kΩ load resistors to both ends of the two rows of coils and test the output power at both ends of the load. At wind speeds of 5m / s, 6.5m / s and 8m / s, the ratios of the minimum output power sum to the maximum output power sum of the two rows of coils in each direction are 0.64, 0.72 and 0.77 respectively. Fig.16 The normalized output power of the collector prototype given in each direction under three wind speeds is greater than 0.5 in any direction. Therefore, from the perspective of half-power, the prototype realizes the collection of omnidirectional wind energy in the plane and can be better applied to scenarios with changing wind direction.

[0112] Those skilled in the art should understand that, in the disclosure of the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, the above terms should not be understood as limitations on the application.

[0113] Although the present application has been disclosed as above by the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application. Anyone familiar with this technology may make slight changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be based on the scope of protection required by the claims.

Claims

1. An electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration, characterized in that: include: A bluff body, comprising a flexible membrane and a rigid shell, wherein the flexible membrane and the rigid shell enclose at least one sealed cavity, at least a portion of a side wall of the bluff body is formed by the rigid shell, and at least a portion of a bottom of the bluff body is formed by the flexible membrane; An electromechanical conversion component comprises a permanent magnet array and a coil array, wherein the permanent magnet array comprises at least two rows of permanent magnets, the coil array comprises at least one row of coils, the rows of coils and the rows of permanent magnets are arranged alternately, the same row of permanent magnets comprises one or two rows of permanent magnets, the same row of permanent magnets comprises at least two permanent magnets connected in sequence along the height direction of the bluff body, the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets are arranged toward the permanent magnets at corresponding positions of the adjacent rows, and the magnetic poles of the adjacent permanent magnets in the same row are arranged in opposite directions, and the relative magnetic poles of the permanent magnets at corresponding positions of the adjacent rows are opposite in magnetism, so that the adjacent rows of permanent magnets have a continuously reversed flipping magnetic field along a preset direction of the bluff body, the same row of coils comprises one or two rows of coils, and the same coil is arranged corresponding to at least two permanent magnets on the same row so that the coil is in a reverse flipping magnetic field; An elastic member, two opposite ends of which are respectively fixed to the inner side wall of the rigid shell and the permanent magnet array; A rigid connector, two ends of which are respectively fixed to the inner edge of the bottom flexible membrane and the permanent magnet array; The electromechanical conversion assembly, the elastic member, and the rigid connector are all arranged in one or more sealed cavities; and both ends of one or more rows of coils are fixed to the inner wall of the rigid shell; Wherein, under the action of external force, the rigid shell supported by the elastic member rotates and vibrates, driving the coil array to move relative to the permanent magnet array, thereby generating electrical output.

2. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electromagnetic wind energy collector also includes a support column, which is located outside the at least one sealed cavity, and one end of which is fixedly connected to the outside of the flexible membrane at a position corresponding to the fixed position of the rigid connector and the inner edge of the flexible membrane.

3. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The bottom of the bluff body has an opening, the outer edge of the flexible membrane is fixedly connected to the inner edge of the bottom opening of the bluff body through a pressure ring, the rigid connector and the support column are both provided with clamping plates at their ends close to the inner edge of the flexible membrane, the flexible membrane is clamped and fixed between the clamping plates of the rigid connector and the support column, and the rigid connector and the support column are indirectly connected to the rigid shell of the bluff body through the flexible membrane.

4. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The electromechanical conversion component also includes a permanent magnet array frame, which has at least two rows. The permanent magnet array is installed on the permanent magnet array frame, and the permanent magnet array frame is fixed to the end of the rigid connector away from the flexible membrane. The end of the elastic member away from the side wall is clamped between the rigid connector and the permanent magnet array frame.

5. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The permanent magnet array frame includes an upper frame and a lower frame. The upper frame and the lower frame cooperate to form a receiving cavity for accommodating the permanent magnets. The permanent magnets in the same row are accommodated in the same receiving cavity. The upper frame and the lower frame are respectively provided with mutually cooperating positioning grooves and positioning bosses for positioning and auxiliary fixation.

6. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping according to claim 5, characterized in that: The electromechanical conversion component also includes a coil array frame, which is used to install the coil array. The coil array frame has one or more rows, and the lower frame includes at least two rows of lower frame units arranged in parallel. The coil array frame and the lower frame units are arranged alternately, and the two ends of each row of the coil array frame are respectively fixedly connected to the two opposite inner side walls of the blunt body. Each row of the coil array frame is provided with one or two coil installation grooves and one or two coil wire outlet holes, and the lead wires of the same row of coils after being electrically connected in series are led out through the coil wire outlet holes.

7. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration according to claim 6, characterized in that: The coil array frame arranged alternately with the permanent magnet array is arranged in a cross-type, and the crossed coil array frame has multiple groups of adjacent parts, at least one group of adjacent parts is each provided with at least one coil, and the permanent magnets are arranged correspondingly according to the coils.

8. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flexible membrane and the lower frame are both provided with threading holes, the rigid connector and the support column are both hollow structures, and each row of the coil array frame also includes a coil connection groove, and the lead wires of the coils in different columns of the same row are connected in series in the coil connection groove and then led out to enter the hollow part of the support column, and the hollow part of the support column, the threading holes of the flexible membrane, the hollow part of the rigid connector, and the threading holes of the lower frame are all connected in sequence.

9. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational galloping according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The preset direction is parallel to the height direction of the bluff body or parallel to the central rotation axis of the bluff body.

10. The electromagnetic wind energy collector based on rotational vibration according to claim 6, characterized in that: A gap is left between the coil array frame and the permanent magnet array frame in the direction of the height of the bluff body and in the direction parallel to the bottom of the bluff body to ensure that the coil array frame and the permanent magnet array frame will not come into contact during wind-induced vibration.

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