A coal gangue sieving machine and a screening method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a coal gangue sieving machine and a sieving method. The coal gangue sieving machine includes a support column, a power device, and a sieving plate. The power device is arranged below the support column to rotate the support column. Two or more coaxial sieving plates are arranged in layers on the support column. Sieve holes are formed on the sieving plates, and the diameters of the sieve holes gradually decrease from top to bottom. A powder through hole and a powder through door are arranged at the intersection of the support column and the sieving plate. When the power device starts and drives the support column and the sieving plates thereon to rotate for sieving, the powder through door is closed, and the coal gangue falls from the sieve holes. After the coal gangue no longer falls from the sieve holes on each layer of the sieving plate, the powder through doors are opened in sequence, and the coal gangue left in the sieving plates is collected layer by layer. In this way, the problems of relatively rough screening of traditional coal gangue screening equipment, relatively large noise and air pollution during screening, and large floor area of the machine itself are solved, the screening efficiency and accuracy of coal gangue are improved, the utilization rate of coal gangue is increased, energy is saved, and the environment is protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of energy utilization, and particularly to a coal gangue sieving machine and a screening method. Background Art

[0002] Coal gangue is a solid waste generated in mining operations and is discharged during tunneling, mining, and coal washing processes.

[0003] China has accumulated approximately 1000 Mt of coal gangue over the years, and about 100 Mt is still discharged annually. If not utilized, it will not only occupy land when piled up, but may also spontaneously combust, pollute the air, or cause fires. Of course, coal gangue can also be used to produce building materials such as gangue cement, lightweight aggregates for concrete, and refractory bricks. In addition, it can be used for coal recovery, co-firing of coal and gangue for power generation, production of chemical products such as crystalline aluminum chloride and water glass, extraction of precious and rare metals, and can also be used as fertilizer.

[0004] The above industries have requirements for the particle size of coal gangue when using it. Therefore, the initially discharged coal gangue needs to be further screened. However, the existing screening equipment is large in volume, makes a lot of noise during the screening of coal gangue, the particle sizes of the screened particles are not fine enough, multiple repeated screenings are required, which takes a long time, and the operating environment is relatively harsh, having a greater adverse impact on the health of operators.

[0005] Patent Publication No. CN 106000853 A discloses a multi-stage rotary vibration screening device, including a power mechanism and a rotary mechanism. The power mechanism is connected to a motor support through bolts, the motor support is welded to the left side of the box body, the power mechanism is connected to the rotary mechanism through a V-belt, the rotary mechanism is installed on the upper support plate of the box body, a feed port is welded on the upper support plate, the multi-stage screening mechanism is installed on the eccentric shaft of the rotary mechanism through a sleeve, and a four-stage discharge device is arranged at the bottom. Although this device improves the problems of excessive wear at the material drop point, smaller crushing length and screening effective area of traditional screening equipment, the setting of the annular plate makes the material movement stroke longer and the airtightness is not enough, still causing problems of wasted screened materials and environmental pollution. In addition, the power mechanism is arranged outside the device and is connected to the rotary mechanism through belt drive, and the overall layout is relatively complex, reducing the mechanical efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a coal gangue sieving machine and a screening method, which solve the problems of large floor area, low screening efficiency, serious pollution, and easy waste of materials of the existing sieving machine.

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the technical solution provided by the present invention is as follows: a coal gangue sieving machine, including columns and a power device, wherein the columns include a power column and a sieving column; the bottom of the power column is connected to a base, and the center of the base protrudes upward; the sieving column is sleeved outside the power column, and a power device is installed at the bottom of the power column; the power device drives the power column and the base to rotate in opposite directions;

[0008] Two or more sieving trays are arranged in layers on the sieving column, and sieve holes are provided on the sieving trays. The aperture of the sieve holes on the sieving trays gradually decreases from top to bottom;

[0009] Two or more powder passing holes are also provided on the side of the sieving column. Corresponding to the powder passing holes, powder passing doors that can be opened and closed are provided. Grooves without holes are provided on the sieving trays on both sides of the powder passing doors for temporarily storing the coal gangue remaining on this layer of sieving trays.

[0010] The space below the base is used to store the power device. With the shielding of the base, the power device can prevent coal gangue from entering and causing pollution, extending the service life of the power device. Moreover, the shape of the base facilitates the regular falling of the coal gangue scattered from the sieve holes of the upper sieving trays from the center to the surroundings, facilitating subsequent collection work and preventing the splashing of coal gangue when it directly falls from the sieving trays. The power device drives the base to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the power column, which improves the efficiency of coal gangue collection and can also neutralize the centrifugal force of the falling coal gangue, reducing the impact of coal gangue on the device itself.

[0011] The powder passing door is connected to the sieving column through a slider-crank structure, and the opening and closing of the powder passing door are controlled through Bluetooth connection. An external control center is connected to the powder passing door through Bluetooth, and the operator can open the corresponding powder passing door according to needs.

[0012] The power column and the sieving column are concentrically arranged. The sieving column is a hollow circular tube, and the power column is connected to the sieving column through two or more connecting beams provided on the circumferential surface. In this way, when the power device drives the power column to rotate, it can drive the sieving column to move, and at the same time, it prevents the power column from shaking violently in the sieving column during operation and damaging components such as the powder passing door.

[0013] The center of the sieving tray is recessed downward, in an inverted conical shape. In this way, the center of the sieving tray above the column is recessed, corresponding to the center of the base below the column protruding upward. The coal gangue inside the groove of the upper sieving tray is convenient to gather at the powder passing hole located at the center of the sieving tray. After falling from the center into the base, because of the upward protrusion of the center of the base, the separated coal gangue can fall from the slope and be collected more quickly.

[0014] The width and depth of the groove gradually increase from the edge to the center of the screening plate. Such a structure, combined with the overall downwardly concave screening plate, facilitates the gathering of the coal gangue remaining on the screening plate towards the powder passing door in the middle, improving the collection efficiency.

[0015] It further includes a housing, the inner surface of which is fitted with the edge of the screening plate; there is a gap for the screened coal gangue between the housing and the base. The setting of the housing can prevent the accidental flying out of the coal gangue during the screening process, causing casualties, environmental pollution and waste of resources; the screened coal gangue flows out from the gap between the housing and the base and is collected. The limited space can further optimize the circulation and collection process of the coal gangue, reducing environmental pollution and waste of resources.

[0016] Preferably, a chassis is arranged below the base, which is used to support and fix the pillars and place the power device. The planar chassis increases the contact area between the coal gangue screening machine and the ground, ensuring that the device can be placed more persistently and stably; a closed space is formed between the base and the chassis to protect the power device located inside the base from being polluted by dust, improving the service life of the machine.

[0017] A top cover is arranged above the screening plate, which is fitted with the upper edge of the housing to prevent external sundries from entering and affecting the screening effect.

[0018] Furthermore, covers are fixed to the upper ends of the power pillar and the powder screening pillar. The covers, on the one hand, play a role in fixing the pillars, and on the other hand, prevent the unscreened coal gangue from falling from the pillars.

[0019] Furthermore, two or more screening plates are concentrically arranged and have the same diameter, and the distance between each screening plate is equal, which is not only convenient for manufacturing but also can prevent the coal gangue from escaping from the edge during the step-by-step screening process, ensuring the quality of the step-by-step screening.

[0020] Preferably, the diameters of two or more screening plates can also gradually increase from top to bottom. The coal gangue with centrifugal force falling from above can thus be received by the larger screening plate below, reducing the wear on the housing to a certain extent and saving resources.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for screening coal gangue. This screening method is based on the aforementioned coal gangue screening machine and includes the following steps:

[0022] (1) With the powder passing door closed, pour the coal gangue to be screened into the uppermost screening plate. Start the power device to make the power pillar drive the powder screening pillar and then drive the screening plate to rotate, so that the coal gangue is evenly distributed on the screening plate. The coal gangue with a particle diameter smaller than each specification of the sieve holes gradually falls until the coal gangue with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the bottommost sieve hole has fallen completely, and the primary screening and collection are completed;

[0023] (2) On each layer of screening trays, there are gangues larger than the diameter of the sieve holes of that layer. When they accumulate in the grooves on both sides of the powder passing door, according to the required particle size of the gangues, the powder passing door above the corresponding screening tray is opened, and the gangues in the grooves pass through the support columns and are collected after passing through the base.

[0024] Specifically, the operator pours the gangues into the gangue sieving and powdering machine and starts the power device. At this time, the power support column and the base rotate in opposite directions respectively; because the power support column is fixedly connected to the sieving support column, the screening trays fixed on the sieving support column also rotate accordingly. Under the action of centrifugal force, the distribution of the gangues in the screening trays gradually becomes uniform.

[0025] Through the separation of layers of screening trays, the gangues with a diameter smaller than the sieve holes at the bottommost layer fall first and are collected after passing through the base. During this process, the screening trays and the base keep rotating until no more gangues pass through the sieve holes, and a fixed powder pile is formed in the upper screening trays, and the preliminary screening and separation work is completed.

[0026] Then, the operator operates the external control center to open the powder passing doors one by one as needed, that is, first open the powder passing door of the bottommost layer of screening tray to make the gangues fall and be collected, and then open the powder passing door of the upper layer of screening tray and repeat the above steps until the gangues of different fineness of each layer are collected. Therefore, the sieving machine can directly screen out various different specifications of gangues in one operation.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the substantial features of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] (1) In terms of structure, this gangue sieving and powdering machine has better sealing performance compared with the traditional sieving machine, significantly reducing the degree of environmental pollution during the screening process, and also significantly reducing the collision sounds between gangues and between gangues and the machine; the overall floor area of the machine is smaller than before and ensures the screening volume of gangues; the separated gangues are uniformly output from the vertical channels of the support columns, with a determined movement trajectory, reducing the probability of escape and waste of gangues.

[0029] (2) In terms of method, this gangue screening method can realize screening and separating various different granularities of gangues with one dumping, and output the gangues of corresponding sizes according to the actual production requirements, greatly improving the efficiency of gangue screening. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] Figure 1 It is a side structure perspective view of the gangue sieving and powdering machine of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2This is a schematic structural diagram of the screening plate of the coal gangue sieving and powdering machine of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the partial internal structure of the coal gangue sieving and powdering machine of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of the powder passing door part of the coal gangue sieving and powdering machine of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of the base of the coal gangue sieving and powdering machine of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 6 This is a half-sectional view of the coal gangue sieving and powdering machine of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 7 This is a schematic side structure diagram of the screening plate of the coal gangue sieving and powdering machine of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1. Power support, 2. Sieving and powdering support, 3. Screening plate, 4. Sieve holes, 5. Powder passing door, 6. Groove, 7. Connecting beam, 8. Base, 9. Power device, 10. Chassis, 11. Outer shell. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., the indicated orientation or positional relationship is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, terms such as "first", "second", "third" are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0041] In the description of the invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations. Embodiment

[0042] A coal gangue sieve powder machine includes columns and a power device 9. The columns include a power column 1 and a sieve powder column 2 that are concentrically arranged and fixedly connected to each other. The bottom of the power column 1 is equipped with the power device 9. The upper ends of the power column 1 and the sieve powder column 2 are fixed with covers. The sieve powder column 2 is a hollow circular tube, and the power column 1 is connected to the sieve powder column 2 through more than two connecting beams 7 provided on its circumferential surface.

[0043] The bottom of the power column 1 is connected to a base 8 through a bearing. The center of the base 8 protrudes upward and is connected to the power column 1. The space below the base 8 is used to store the power device 9. The power device 9 drives the base 8 to rotate in the direction opposite to the rotation direction of the column.

[0044] The outer shell 11 is connected to the base 8 through four support legs provided on the outer shell 11, and a gap is left between their sides. A chassis 10 is provided below the base 8 to support and fix the column and place the power device 9. The flat chassis 10 increases the contact area between the coal gangue screening machine and the ground and can be placed more stably. A closed space is formed between the base 8 and the chassis 10 to protect the internal power device 9 from dust pollution.

[0045] The inside of the outer shell also includes three concentric screening disks 3 with equal diameters and all sunken downward at the center. The edges of the screening disks 3 are fitted with the inner side of the outer shell 11 and are equally spaced on the sieve powder column 2. The surface of the screening disks 3 is evenly provided with sieve holes 4, and the diameters of the sieve holes 4 of the screening disks 3 gradually decrease from top to bottom.

[0046] Immediately above each screening disk 3, powder through holes are also opened on the circumferential surface of the sieve powder column 2. An openable and closable powder through door 5 is connected to the sieve powder column 2 through a slider-crank structure. The powder through door 5 is connected and controlled to an external control center through Bluetooth. Grooves 6 without holes are provided on the screening disks 3 on the left and right sides of the powder through door 5 to temporarily store the coal gangue remaining on this layer of screening disk 3. The width and depth of the grooves 6 gradually increase from the edge to the center of the screening disk 3. Such a structure combined with the sunken center of the screening disk 3 facilitates the coal gangue remaining in the screening disk 3 to gather towards the powder through door 5.

[0047] During screening, the material to be screened is poured into the coal gangue sieve powder machine, the power device 9 is started, the screening disks 3 on the sieve powder column 2 are driven to rotate through the power column 1. At the same time, the bottom base 8 also makes a rotational movement in the opposite direction. The coal gangue gradually falls through the screening disks 3 with different sieve hole 4 sizes, and after the centrifugal force is alleviated by the base 8, it flows out from the gap between the outer shell 11 and the base 8 and is collected.

[0048] After no more coal gangue falls from the sieve holes 4, stop the rotation of the screening disc 3. The coal gangue remaining in each layer of the screening disc 3 gradually accumulates in the grooves 6 on both sides of the powder passing door 5 and approaches the center where the powder passing door 5 is located. At this time, the operator can operate the switch of the powder passing door 5 to move the powder passing door 5 along the inner circumferential surface of the sieve branch column 2; open the powder passing door 5 one by one to let the coal gangue fall between the power support column 1 and the powder screening support column 2, that is, "radially in and axially out", so that the coal gangue collection process is in a closed space, greatly reducing environmental pollution, at the same time reducing the escape amount during the conveying process and avoiding waste of resources.

[0049] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A coal gangue sieving and powdering machine, characterized in that: It includes a support column and a power device. The support column includes a power support column and a coal powder screening support column. The bottom of the power support column is connected to a base, and the center of the base protrudes upward. The coal powder screening support column is sleeved outside the power support column, and a power device is installed at the bottom of the power support column. The power device drives the power support column and the base to rotate in opposite directions respectively. Two or more screening plates are arranged in layers on the coal powder screening support column. Sieve holes are provided on the screening plates, and the aperture of the sieve holes on the screening plates gradually decreases from top to bottom. The center of the screening plate is recessed downward, showing an inverted cone shape. It also includes a housing, and the inner surface of the housing is matched with the edge of the screening plate. A gap for passing the screened coal gangue is provided between the housing and the base. Two or more powder passing holes are also provided on the side of the coal powder screening support column. Openable and closable powder passing doors are provided at the corresponding positions of the powder passing holes. Grooves without holes are provided on the screening plates on both sides of the powder passing doors. The width and depth of the grooves gradually increase from the edge of the screening plate to the center.

2. The coal gangue sieving and powdering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The powder passing door is connected to the coal powder screening support column through a slider-crank structure, and the opening and closing of the powder passing door are controlled through Bluetooth connection.

3. The coal gangue sieving and powdering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power support column and the coal powder screening support column are concentrically arranged. The coal powder screening support column is a hollow circular tube, and the power support column is connected to the coal powder screening support column through two or more connecting beams arranged on the circumferential surface.

4. The coal gangue sieving and powdering machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: A chassis is provided below the base for supporting and fixing the support column and placing the power device.

5. A coal gangue screening method, characterized in that, The screening method is based on the coal gangue powder screening machine described in claims 1-4, and includes the following steps: With the powder passing door closed, pour the coal gangue to be screened into the uppermost screening plate. The power device is turned on to drive the power support column to drive the coal powder screening support column and then drive the screening plate to rotate, so that the coal gangue is evenly distributed on the screening plate. The coal gangue with a particle diameter smaller than the sieve holes of each specification falls layer by layer until the coal gangue smaller than the diameter of the sieve holes at the bottom falls completely, and the initial screening and collection are completed. The coal gangue larger than the diameter of the sieve holes of this layer remains on each layer of screening plates. Wait until it accumulates in the grooves on both sides of the powder passing door. According to the required particle size of the coal gangue, open the powder passing door above the corresponding screening plate, and the coal gangue in the grooves will pass through the support column and be collected after passing through the base.

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