Heat exchange mechanism, heat exchange method, and vehicle

Abstract

The application relates to a heat exchange mechanism for an engine of a vehicle, the engine comprising an electric pile and a hydrogen bottle, a first communication pipe being arranged between the hydrogen bottle and the electric pile to deliver hydrogen fuel in the hydrogen bottle to the electric pile, the heat exchange mechanism comprising a first heat exchange pipe and a first heat exchanger, the first heat exchange pipe forming a first loop, the electric pile being arranged in the first loop to exchange heat between the electric pile and the first heat exchange pipe, and the first heat exchanger being connected to the first loop and the first communication pipe to exchange heat between the first communication pipe and the first loop. The electric pile is cooled by a first heat exchange fluid to reduce the working pressure of a radiator, so that the number of the radiator can be reduced, the water circuit design of the cooling system is simplified, and the design of the whole vehicle and the arrangement of the radiator are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric vehicle design technology, and in particular to a heat exchange mechanism. Furthermore, this invention also relates to a heat dissipation method for the aforementioned heat exchange mechanism and a vehicle including the aforementioned heat exchange mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] The thermal efficiency of hydrogen fuel cell engines is approximately between 45% and 60%. Unlike traditional engines where the water temperature can be controlled up to 115°C, the highest outlet water temperature of current hydrogen fuel cell engines is about 87°C. Furthermore, very little heat is carried away by the exhaust and radiant heat. Therefore, the heat generated by hydrogen fuel cell engines is mainly carried away by the radiator, resulting in a very high heat dissipation load on the vehicle's cooling system. Typically, compared to a traditional diesel engine of the same power, the amount of heat dissipated by the coolant in a fuel cell engine is more than twice that of a traditional diesel engine. Therefore, when matching the vehicle, the heat dissipation area of ​​the radiator, the airflow of the fan, and the effective ventilation area of ​​the front bulkhead must be increased accordingly. When matching the cooling system, commercial vehicle OEMs usually use two or more radiators, which makes the water circuit very complex, thus making the overall vehicle design and radiator layout very difficult. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a heat exchange mechanism to address the difficulty in arranging radiators in fuel cell engines.

[0004] A heat exchange mechanism for a vehicle engine, the engine including a fuel cell stack and a hydrogen tank, wherein a first connecting pipe is provided between the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell stack to transport hydrogen fuel from the hydrogen tank to the fuel cell stack, the heat exchange mechanism comprising:

[0005] The first heat exchange pipeline forms a first loop, and the fuel cell stack is disposed in the first loop so that the fuel cell stack exchanges heat with the first heat exchange pipeline.

[0006] A first heat exchanger is connected to the first circuit and the first connecting pipe to exchange heat between the first connecting pipe and the first circuit.

[0007] In one embodiment, a second connecting pipe is provided between the hydrogen cylinder and the fuel cell stack, the second connecting pipe being able to supply hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack;

[0008] The second connecting pipe is provided with a second heat exchanger, which is configured to allow the hydrogen fuel in the second connecting pipe to exchange heat with the environment outside the second heat exchanger when the temperature of the fuel cell stack is lower than a preset temperature.

[0009] In one embodiment, the heat exchange mechanism includes a first three-way valve, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder, and the two outlets of which are respectively connected to the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe.

[0010] The first three-way valve is configured to connect the hydrogen cylinder to one of the first connecting pipe and the second connecting pipe.

[0011] In one embodiment, a second heat exchange pipeline is further included, which forms a second loop. The second heat exchange pipeline contains a second heat exchange fluid, and the second loop is provided with a heater for heating the second heat exchange fluid.

[0012] In one embodiment, the second circuit is provided with a warm air radiator for heat dissipation.

[0013] In one embodiment, a third heat exchange pipeline is also included, which forms a third loop;

[0014] The fuel cell stack is located in the third circuit, and the third heat exchange pipeline is provided with a third heat exchange fluid for exchanging heat with the fuel cell stack.

[0015] The third circuit is equipped with a third heat exchanger, and the third heat exchanger is located in the second circuit so that the second circuit exchanges heat with the third circuit.

[0016] In one embodiment, the system further includes a control system for controlling the connection state of the first three-way valve and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid. The control system is connected to the first three-way valve and the temperature sensor, respectively, and the temperature sensor is located in the first circuit or the third circuit.

[0017] In one embodiment, a pressure relief valve for depressurization is provided between the first three-way valve and the hydrogen cylinder, and the pressure relief valve is connected to the control system.

[0018] A heat exchange method for a vehicle, the vehicle including an engine and a heat exchange mechanism as described above, characterized in that the engine includes a fuel cell stack and a hydrogen tank, a first connecting pipe is provided between the hydrogen tank and the fuel cell stack to supply hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack, the heat exchange method comprising the following steps:

[0019] When the hydrogen cylinder supplies hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack through the first connecting pipe, the first heat exchanger of the heat exchange mechanism is controlled to operate so that the first connecting pipe exchanges heat with the first loop.

[0020] A vehicle comprising:

[0021] The heat exchange mechanism as described above.

[0022] The aforementioned heat exchange mechanism includes a hydrogen cylinder, a first heat exchanger, a first heat exchange pipeline, and an electric stack. The electric stack is connected to the hydrogen cylinder via a first connecting pipe. The electric stack is located in a first loop formed by the first heat exchange pipeline. The first heat exchanger is connected to both the first loop and the first connecting pipe.

[0023] When the fuel cell stack reaches a high temperature during operation, liquid hydrogen from the hydrogen tank enters the first heat exchanger through the first connecting pipe and continues to enter the fuel cell stack through the first connecting pipe. The first heat exchange fluid originates from the fuel cell stack, enters the first heat exchanger along the path of the first heat exchange pipeline, and continues to flow through the fuel cell stack after exiting the first heat exchanger. During the flow of liquid hydrogen and the first heat exchange fluid, they exchange heat in the first heat exchanger. Liquid hydrogen absorbs some of the heat from the first heat exchange fluid, thereby increasing the temperature of liquid hydrogen and decreasing the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid. The heated liquid hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack to supply combustion, while the cooled first heat exchange fluid flows through the fuel cell stack to further reduce its temperature.

[0024] The heat exchange mechanism provided in this application uses liquid hydrogen to absorb the heat of the first heat exchange fluid, thereby cooling the first heat exchange fluid and allowing the first heat exchange fluid to cool the fuel cell stack. That is, it uses the residual cooling of liquid hydrogen to cool the fuel cell stack, thereby reducing the working pressure of the radiator. This reduces the number of radiators, simplifies the water circuit design of the cooling system, and facilitates the design of the whole vehicle and the arrangement of the radiators.

[0025] This application also provides a heat exchange method for the above-mentioned heat exchange mechanism and a vehicle including the above-mentioned heat exchange mechanism, which has the same beneficial effects as the heat exchange mechanism because the vehicle has the heat exchange mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the heat exchange mechanism provided by the present invention.

[0027] In the diagram: 1. Hydrogen cylinder; 2. First heat exchanger; 3. Fuel cell stack; 4. First heat exchange pipeline; 5. Radiator; 6. Second heat exchanger; 7. First three-way valve; 8. Temperature sensor; 9. Second heat exchange pipeline; 10. Third heat exchanger; 11. Heater; 12. Warm air radiator; 13. First water pump; 14. Second water pump; 15. Second three-way valve; 16. First connecting pipe; 17. Second connecting pipe; 18. Third heat exchange pipeline. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0030] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0031] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0032] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0033] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0034] See Figure 1 This application provides a heat exchange mechanism for a vehicle engine. The engine includes a fuel cell stack 3 and a hydrogen cylinder 1. A first connecting pipe 16 is provided between the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the fuel cell stack 3 to transport hydrogen fuel in the hydrogen cylinder 1 to the fuel cell stack 3. The heat exchange mechanism includes a first heat exchange pipe 4 and a first heat exchanger 2. The first heat exchange pipe 4 forms a first loop, and the fuel cell stack 3 is disposed in the first loop so that the fuel cell stack 3 exchanges heat with the first heat exchange pipe 4. The first heat exchanger 2 is connected to the first loop and the first connecting pipe 16 so that the first connecting pipe 16 exchanges heat with the first loop.

[0035] Specifically, the radiator 5, the fuel cell stack 3, and the first heat exchanger 2 are arranged in parallel, and the radiator 5, the fuel cell stack 3, and the first heat exchanger 2 are all located on the first heat exchange pipeline 4. A first water pump 13 is provided next to the fuel cell stack 3 to provide pressure to the first heat exchange fluid to ensure the flow of the first heat exchange fluid. The fuel cell stack 3 is located between the radiator 5 and the first heat exchanger 2. A fan is provided on the side of the radiator 5 closest to the fuel cell stack 3. The first heat exchange fluid starts from the fuel cell stack 3, flows along the first loop formed by the first heat exchange pipeline 4, and flows back to the fuel cell stack 3 after passing through the first heat exchanger 2.

[0036] When the temperature of fuel cell stack 3 is high during use, the heat sink 5 and its fan dissipate heat from the fuel cell stack 3. On the other hand, liquid hydrogen in hydrogen tank 1 enters the first heat exchanger 2 through the first connecting pipe 16 and continues to enter the fuel cell stack 3 through the first connecting pipe 16. The first heat exchange fluid starts from the fuel cell stack 3, enters the first heat exchanger 2 along the path of the first heat exchange pipeline 4, and continues to flow through the fuel cell stack 3 after flowing out of the first heat exchanger 2. During the flow of liquid hydrogen and the first heat exchange fluid, the two exchange heat in the first heat exchanger 2. Liquid hydrogen absorbs some of the heat in the first heat exchange fluid, thereby increasing the temperature of liquid hydrogen and decreasing the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid. The heated liquid hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack 3 to supply combustion, and the cooled first heat exchange fluid flows through the fuel cell stack 3 to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell stack 3 to a certain extent.

[0037] The heat exchange mechanism provided in this application cools the fuel cell stack 3 through the combined action of the radiator 5 and the first heat exchange fluid, thereby reducing the working pressure of the radiator 5, which can reduce the number of radiators 5, simplify the water circuit design of the cooling system, and facilitate the design of the whole vehicle and the arrangement of the radiator 5.

[0038] Optionally, the fuel cell stack 3 can also be located at other locations on the radiator 5 and the first heat exchanger 2.

[0039] Optionally, the first water pump 13 can also be located at other locations in the first heat exchange pipeline 4.

[0040] In some embodiments, a second connecting pipe 17 is provided between the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the fuel cell stack 3, and the second connecting pipe 17 can provide hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack 3.

[0041] The second connecting pipe 17 is provided with a second heat exchanger 6, which is configured to exchange heat between the hydrogen fuel in the second connecting pipe 17 and the environment outside the second heat exchanger 6 when the temperature of the fuel cell stack 3 is lower than a preset temperature.

[0042] Specifically, the second heat exchanger 6 is located in the second connecting pipe 17, and the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 6 are connected in parallel. When the heat exchange mechanism is working, the hydrogen cylinder 1 is only connected to one of the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 6.

[0043] The heat exchange mechanism is equipped with a sensor for sensing the ambient temperature. When the fuel cell stack 3 is first started and the sensor detects that the ambient temperature is 25°C lower than normal, the temperature of the fuel cell stack 3 is also low. At this time, the hydrogen cylinder 1 is connected to the second heat exchanger 6. Liquid hydrogen starts from the hydrogen cylinder 1 and enters the second heat exchanger 6. Outside air also enters the second heat exchanger 6. After the liquid hydrogen and outside air exchange heat in the second heat exchanger 6, the liquid hydrogen continues to flow out along the second connecting pipe 17 and enter the fuel cell stack 3. Outside air flows out from the second heat exchanger 6 to the outside environment.

[0044] At this time, only the second heat exchanger 6 is working, and the first heat exchanger 2 stops working. The liquid hydrogen that has exchanged heat in the second heat exchanger 6 is vaporized and heated up. After entering the fuel cell stack 3, it is supplied to the fuel cell stack 3 for combustion, and the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid passing through the fuel cell stack 3 is raised. At the same time, since the first heat exchanger 2 is not working, the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid only increases and does not decrease, so the fuel cell stack 3 can be heated up quickly, so that the fuel cell stack 3 can quickly reach the optimal operating temperature, improve the working efficiency of the fuel cell stack 3, and reduce the hydrogen consumption during the heating process, thereby reducing the overall hydrogen consumption of the vehicle.

[0045] Optionally, the hydrogen cylinder 1 can be connected to the second heat exchanger 6 when the sensing device detects that the ambient temperature is lower than other values.

[0046] In some embodiments, the heat exchange mechanism includes a first three-way valve 7, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder 1, and the two outlets of the first three-way valve 7 are respectively connected to a first connecting pipe 16 and a second connecting pipe 17; the first three-way valve 7 is configured to connect the hydrogen cylinder 1 to one of the first connecting pipe 16 and the second connecting pipe 17.

[0047] Specifically, the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 6 are connected in parallel, and the first heat exchanger 2, the second heat exchanger 6 and the hydrogen cylinder 1 are connected through the first three-way valve 7.

[0048] When the fuel cell stack 3 is just started up and the ambient temperature is 25°C below normal, the first three-way valve 7 connects the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the second heat exchanger 6, preventing the hydrogen cylinder 1 from connecting with the first heat exchanger 2. At this time, liquid hydrogen residual cooling recovery is not performed, that is, liquid hydrogen does not exchange heat with the first heat exchange fluid, but exchanges heat with the outside air in the second heat exchanger 6 through liquid hydrogen. The liquid hydrogen vaporizes and heats up, causing the fuel cell stack 3 and the first heat exchange fluid to heat up rapidly.

[0049] When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 3 is high, the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid is also high. At this time, the first three-way valve 7 connects the hydrogen cylinder 1 to the first heat exchanger 2 and prevents the hydrogen cylinder 1 from connecting to the second heat exchanger 6. At this time, liquid hydrogen residual cooling is recovered, that is, the liquid hydrogen is heated by the first heat exchange fluid, so that the liquid hydrogen absorbs the heat in the first heat exchange fluid and vaporizes and rises in temperature. At the same time, the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid drops, and the cooled first heat exchange fluid is used to cool the fuel cell stack 3.

[0050] The first three-way valve 7 is used to connect the first heat exchanger 2, the second heat exchanger 6 and the hydrogen cylinder 1. While controlling the connection between the three, the connection method is simple and occupies less space, which can further simplify the design of the vehicle cooling system.

[0051] Optionally, the first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 6 can be connected to the hydrogen cylinder 1 separately, and a switching valve can be set to control the connection and disconnection between the first heat exchanger 2 and the hydrogen cylinder 1, and between the second heat exchanger 6 and the hydrogen cylinder 1.

[0052] In some embodiments, a second heat exchange pipeline 9 is further included, which forms a second loop. The second heat exchange pipeline 9 contains a second heat exchange fluid, and the second loop is provided with a heater 11 for heating the second heat exchange fluid.

[0053] Specifically, a heater 11 is provided on the second heat exchange pipeline 9. The heater 11 heats the second heat exchange fluid flowing in the second heat exchange pipeline 9, thereby heating the cab through the heated second heat exchange fluid and ensuring the heating effect of the cab.

[0054] Alternatively, other numbers of heaters 11 can be installed.

[0055] In some embodiments, the second heat exchange pipeline 9 is provided with a warm air radiator 12 for heat dissipation.

[0056] Specifically, a heater radiator 12 is provided on the second heat exchange pipeline 9. The heater radiator 12 and the heater 11 are connected in series. When the second heat exchange fluid is heated by the heater 11, the heat of the second heat exchange fluid is dissipated into the cab through the heater radiator 12, ensuring that the entire space of the cab is heated, while improving the heating efficiency of the cab and the heat dissipation efficiency of the second heat exchange fluid.

[0057] Alternatively, other numbers of warm air radiators 12 can be installed.

[0058] In some embodiments, a third heat exchange pipeline 18 is also included, which forms a third loop; the fuel cell stack 3 is disposed in the third loop, and a third heat exchange fluid for exchanging heat with the fuel cell stack 3 is disposed in the third heat exchange pipeline 18; the third loop is provided with a third heat exchanger 10, and the third heat exchanger 10 is disposed in the second loop so that the second loop exchanges heat with the third loop.

[0059] Specifically, a third heat exchanger 10 is provided on the second heat exchange pipeline 9. The third heat exchanger 10 is connected in series with the second water pump 14 and the heater 11. The third heat exchanger 10 is located in the third circuit and is also located in the second circuit.

[0060] The temperatures of the first and third heat exchange fluids are the same. Therefore, when the temperature of the third heat exchange fluid is below 50°C, liquid hydrogen and the outside air exchange heat in the second heat exchanger 6. The heated liquid hydrogen vaporizes to supply the fuel cell stack 3 for combustion, thereby raising the temperature of the fuel cell stack 3. The heat emitted by the fuel cell stack 3 raises the temperature of the third heat exchange fluid. When the third heat exchange fluid flows through the third heat exchanger 10, it exchanges heat with the second heat exchange fluid that also flows through the third heat exchanger 10. After the exchange, the third heat exchange fluid cools down, and the second heat exchange fluid heats up.

[0061] Since the cab usually needs heating at this temperature, the heated third heat exchange fluid can heat up the second heat exchange fluid, so the cab can be heated by the second heat exchange fluid. Using the first heat exchange fluid to heat the cab can reduce the time the heater 11 is used, thereby reducing the power consumption of the whole vehicle.

[0062] In some embodiments, the system further includes a control system for controlling the connection state of the first three-way valve 7 and a temperature sensor 8 for detecting the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid. The control system is connected to the first three-way valve 7 and the temperature sensor 8, respectively. The temperature sensor 8 is located in the first circuit or the third circuit.

[0063] Specifically, a temperature sensor 8 is installed on the first heat exchange pipeline 4 next to the first water pump 13. The temperature sensor 8 is used to detect the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid, and both the temperature sensor 8 and the first three-way valve 7 are connected to the control system.

[0064] When temperature sensor 8 detects that the first heat exchange fluid is below 50°C, it sends a signal to the control system. The control system controls the first three-way valve 7 to connect hydrogen cylinder 1 and the second heat exchanger 6, and to block hydrogen cylinder 1 and the first heat exchanger 2. At this time, liquid hydrogen residual cooling is not recovered. The fuel cell stack 3 and the first heat exchange fluid are rapidly heated through heat exchange between liquid hydrogen and the outside air. When temperature sensor 8 detects that the first heat exchange fluid is above 50°C, it sends a signal to the control system. The control system controls the first three-way valve 7 to connect hydrogen cylinder 1 and the first heat exchanger 2, and to block hydrogen cylinder 1 and the second heat exchanger 6. At this time, liquid hydrogen residual cooling is recovered. Liquid hydrogen absorbs the heat in the first heat exchange fluid, which cools the first heat exchange fluid and dissipates heat to the fuel cell stack 3.

[0065] By setting temperature sensor 8 and control system, the on / off state of hydrogen cylinder 1, first heat exchanger 2 and second heat exchanger 6 can be automatically controlled according to the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid, thereby automatically realizing different working states and purposes and improving the automation level of heat exchange mechanism.

[0066] Optionally, the temperature sensor 8 can be placed in the third loop so that the temperature sensor 8 can detect the temperature of the third heat exchange fluid.

[0067] Alternatively, you can set other preset temperature values.

[0068] In some embodiments, a pressure relief valve for depressurization is provided between the first three-way valve 7 and the hydrogen cylinder 1, and the pressure relief valve is connected to the control system.

[0069] Specifically, a pressure relief valve is provided between hydrogen cylinder 1 and the first three-way valve 7. When the vehicle is parked for a long time, the pressure inside hydrogen cylinder 1 increases due to the absorption of heat from the air. When the pressure inside hydrogen cylinder 1 rises to the preset value of the pressure relief valve, the pressure relief valve sends a signal to the control system. The control system controls the pressure relief valve to open and controls the first three-way valve 7 to connect hydrogen cylinder 1 and the second heat exchanger 6 to reduce the pressure inside hydrogen cylinder 1.

[0070] Optionally, a pressure sensor can be installed on the hydrogen cylinder 1. When the pressure reaches a preset value, the control system controls the first three-way valve 7 to connect the hydrogen cylinder 1 and the second heat exchanger 6.

[0071] This application also provides a heat exchange method for the above-mentioned heat exchange mechanism, used in a vehicle. The vehicle includes an engine and the above-mentioned heat exchange mechanism. The engine includes a fuel cell stack 3 and a hydrogen tank 1. A first connecting pipe 16 is provided between the hydrogen tank 1 and the fuel cell stack 3 to supply hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack 3. The heat exchange method includes the following steps:

[0072] When the hydrogen cylinder 1 supplies hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack 3 through the first connecting pipe 16, the first heat exchanger 2 of the heat exchange mechanism is operated to exchange heat between the first connecting pipe 16 and the first loop.

[0073] When the temperature of the fuel cell stack 3 is high during use, liquid hydrogen in the hydrogen cylinder 1 enters the first heat exchanger 2 through the first connecting pipe 16 and continues to enter the fuel cell stack 3 through the first connecting pipe 16. The first heat exchange fluid starts from the fuel cell stack 3, enters the first heat exchanger 2 along the path of the first heat exchange pipeline 4, and continues to flow through the fuel cell stack 3 after flowing out of the first heat exchanger 2. During the flow of liquid hydrogen and the first heat exchange fluid, the two exchange heat in the first heat exchanger 2. Liquid hydrogen absorbs some of the heat in the first heat exchange fluid, thereby increasing the temperature of liquid hydrogen and decreasing the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid. The heated liquid hydrogen enters the fuel cell stack 3 to supply combustion in the fuel cell stack 3, and the cooled first heat exchange fluid flows through the fuel cell stack 3 to reduce the temperature of the fuel cell stack 3 by a certain amount.

[0074] This application also provides a vehicle including the above-described heat exchange mechanism. Other devices of the vehicle are prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0075] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0076] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A heat exchange mechanism for a vehicle engine, characterized in that, The engine includes a fuel cell stack (3) and a hydrogen cylinder (1). A first connecting pipe (16) is provided between the hydrogen cylinder (1) and the fuel cell stack (3) to transport hydrogen fuel in the hydrogen cylinder (1) to the fuel cell stack (3). The heat exchange mechanism includes: The first heat exchange pipeline (4) forms a first loop, and the fuel cell stack (3) is disposed in the first loop so that the fuel cell stack (3) exchanges heat with the first heat exchange pipeline (4). The first heat exchange pipeline (4) is provided with a first heat exchange fluid. The first heat exchanger (2) is connected to the first circuit and the first connecting pipe (16) so that the first connecting pipe (16) exchanges heat with the first circuit; A radiator (5) is provided in parallel with the fuel cell stack (3) and the first heat exchanger (2). The radiator (5) is located in the first circuit. A fan is provided on the side of the radiator (5) near the fuel cell stack (3). A second connecting pipe (17) is also provided between the hydrogen cylinder (1) and the fuel cell stack (3), and the second connecting pipe (17) can supply hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack (3); The second connecting pipe (17) is provided with a second heat exchanger (6), which is configured to exchange heat between the hydrogen fuel in the second connecting pipe (17) and the environment outside the second heat exchanger (6) when the temperature of the fuel cell stack (3) is lower than a preset temperature. The first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (6) are connected in parallel. When the heat exchange mechanism is working, the hydrogen cylinder (1) is only connected to one of the first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (6). It also includes a second heat exchange pipeline (9) and a third heat exchange pipeline (18). The second heat exchange pipeline (9) forms a second loop and contains a second heat exchange fluid. The third heat exchange pipeline (18) forms a third loop. The fuel cell stack (3) is located in the third loop. The third heat exchange pipeline (18) contains a third heat exchange fluid for exchanging heat with the fuel cell stack (3). The first heat exchange fluid and the third heat exchange fluid have the same temperature. The third loop is equipped with a third heat exchanger (10), and the third heat exchanger (10) is located in the second loop so that the second loop exchanges heat with the third loop.

2. The heat exchange mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat exchange mechanism includes a first three-way valve (7), the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the hydrogen cylinder (1), and the two outlets of the first three-way valve (7) are respectively connected to the first connecting pipe (16) and the second connecting pipe (17). The first three-way valve (7) is configured to connect the hydrogen cylinder (1) to one of the first connecting pipe (16) and the second connecting pipe (17).

3. The heat exchange mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second circuit is provided with a heater (11) for heating the second heat exchange fluid.

4. The heat exchange mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The second circuit is equipped with a warm air radiator (12) for heat dissipation.

5. The heat exchange mechanism according to any one of claims 2-4, characterized in that, It also includes a control system for controlling the connection state of the first three-way valve (7) and a temperature sensor (8) for detecting the temperature of the first heat exchange fluid. The control system is connected to the first three-way valve (7) and the temperature sensor (8), respectively. The temperature sensor (8) is located in the first circuit or the third circuit.

6. The heat exchange mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, A pressure relief valve for depressurization is provided between the first three-way valve (7) and the hydrogen cylinder (1), and the pressure relief valve is connected to the control system.

7. A heat exchange method for a vehicle, said vehicle comprising an engine and a heat exchange mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The engine includes a fuel cell stack (3) and a hydrogen cylinder (1), with a first connecting pipe (16) between the hydrogen cylinder (1) and the fuel cell stack (3) to supply hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack (3). The heat exchange method includes the following steps: When the hydrogen cylinder (1) supplies hydrogen fuel to the fuel cell stack (3) through the first connecting pipe (16), the first heat exchanger (2) of the heat exchange mechanism is controlled to operate so that the first connecting pipe (16) exchanges heat with the first loop.

8. A vehicle, characterized in that, include: The heat exchange mechanism as described in any one of claims 1-6.

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