Composite material transmission shaft with membrane disc

Abstract

A composite material transmission shaft with a diaphragm disc belongs to the technical field of mechanical power transmission. The present invention solves the problems of the existing composite material transmission shaft having a complex structure, a large volume and a high preparation cost. It comprises a first shaft section, a second shaft section, a diaphragm disc and two flanges which are coaxially arranged and formed by an integrated laying of carbon fiber epoxy resin-based composite materials, wherein the diaphragm disc is located between the first shaft section and the second shaft section, and the two flanges are correspondingly located at one end of the two shaft sections away from the diaphragm disc, and the diaphragm disc comprises a diaphragm disc main body and chamfered sections located at both ends of the diaphragm disc main body, and the axial section of the diaphragm disc main body is a rectangular structure, and the laying method of the chamfered section is the same as that of the first shaft section and the second shaft section. The various parts of the structure are formed by integrated laying, and do not need to be formed and assembled separately. The mold preparation is simple, the overall processability is good, the overall axial and bending compensation capabilities of the transmission shaft are strong, and the compensation efficiency is high.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a composite material transmission shaft with a membrane disk, belonging to the technical field of mechanical power transmission. Background Art

[0002] The transmission shaft is an important mechanical component in current power transmission, and is often used to transmit torque and power between two unconnected transmission parts. Traditional metal transmission shafts have the disadvantages of heavy weight, high cost, and difficult processing. Fiber-reinforced composite materials have the advantages of high specific strength, large specific modulus, low density, and good fatigue resistance. At present, in the design and manufacture of transmission shafts, replacing metal with composite materials can greatly reduce the weight of the structure while having the advantages of designability and easy structural integration. Therefore, composite mechanical transmission has a wide range of applications. Composite transmission shafts are often in a misaligned state at both ends under complex load conditions, specifically referring to the distance and offset between the axis lines at both ends of the transmission shaft. To achieve this goal, metal transmission shafts often need to add metal film discs to the tail end of the metal shaft, but this often makes the entire shaft system more bulky. Traditional composite transmission shafts are prone to large deformation when working in a misaligned state, causing huge interlaminar stress, which in turn leads to failure of the transmission shaft. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a composite transmission shaft that can achieve axial and bending compensation.

[0003] So far, the shaft systems that can achieve axial distance compensation and bending angle compensation at home and abroad generally have disadvantages such as complex structure, large size, difficult molding, and high preparation cost, and are difficult to apply to large-scale mechanical connection systems. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve the problems of the existing composite material transmission shaft having a complex structure, a large volume and a high preparation cost, and further provides a composite material transmission shaft with a membrane disk.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is:

[0006] A composite transmission shaft with a diaphragm disc, comprising a first shaft section, a second shaft section, a diaphragm disc and two flanges which are coaxially arranged and integrally laid with a carbon fiber epoxy resin-based composite material, wherein the diaphragm disc is located between the first shaft section and the second shaft section, the two flanges are correspondingly located at one end of the two shaft sections away from the diaphragm disc, the diaphragm disc comprises a diaphragm disc main body and chamfered sections located at both ends of the diaphragm disc main body, and the axial section of the diaphragm disc main body is a rectangular structure, and the laying method of the chamfered section is the same as that of the first shaft section and the second shaft section.

[0007] Furthermore, the transmission shaft as a whole is a hollow shaft body, and the first shaft section and the second shaft section are both laid by alternating low fiber angles and ±45° fibers, wherein the low fiber angle ranges from -35° to +35°.

[0008] Furthermore, when axial distance compensation is required in the working state, the lamination method of the membrane disc body adopts ±45° fiber lamination.

[0009] Furthermore, when bending angle compensation is required under working conditions, the laying method of the membrane disc body is to alternately lay low fiber angle and ±45° fibers, wherein the number of low fiber angle fiber layers is less than the number of low fiber angle fiber layers in the first axis segment.

[0010] Furthermore, when axial and bending compensation is required in the working state, the number of plies of the chamfered section of the diaphragm disc is greater than that of the first axial section or the second axial section.

[0011] Furthermore, a transition shaft section is provided between the first shaft section and one flange and between the second shaft section and another flange.

[0012] Furthermore, the layup method of the transition shaft segment is to add multiple layers of ±45° fiber layups on the basis of the adjacent first shaft segment or the second shaft segment.

[0013] Furthermore, the flange is laid in a manner of adding multiple layers of 0° fiber layers and multiple layers of 90° fiber layers on the basis of the adjacent transition shaft sections.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following effects:

[0015] The various parts of the transmission shaft in the present application are formed in an integrated manner and do not require separate forming and assembly. The mold preparation is simple and the overall processability is good. The overall axial and bending compensation capabilities of the transmission shaft are strong and the compensation efficiency is high. Compared with the prior art, the structure is simpler and the preparation cost is lower. The weight and volume of the transmission structure are greatly reduced, and the mass is reduced by 40% compared with the traditional metal shaft system, which effectively improves the load-bearing efficiency of the transmission shaft.

[0016] Compared with the existing composite material drive shaft, a rectangular diaphragm disc structure is added, which can better realize the axial distance compensation and bending angle compensation at both ends when the drive shaft is subjected to radial load and bending load, greatly alleviating the local interlaminar stress caused by deformation of the composite material, and greatly improving the compensation capacity of the drive shaft.

[0017] The present application introduces a diaphragm disc structure into a traditional composite material transmission shaft, combining the advantages of a composite material shaft and a metal shaft, and enables the composite material transmission shaft as a whole to achieve distance compensation and angle compensation through the deformation of the diaphragm disc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of this application;

[0019] Figure 2It is the main cross-sectional schematic diagram of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] Specific implementation method 1: Combination Figure 1-2 To illustrate the present embodiment, a composite transmission shaft with a diaphragm disc comprises a first shaft section 1, a second shaft section 2, a diaphragm disc 3 and two flanges 4 which are coaxially arranged and formed by integrally laying a carbon fiber epoxy resin-based composite material, wherein the diaphragm disc 3 is located between the first shaft section 1 and the second shaft section 2, and the two flanges 4 are correspondingly located at one end of the two shaft sections away from the diaphragm disc 3, the diaphragm disc 3 comprises a diaphragm disc main body 3-1 and chamfered sections 3-2 located at both ends of the diaphragm disc main body 3-1, and the axial section of the diaphragm disc main body 3-1 is a rectangular structure, and the laying method of the chamfered section 3-2 is the same as that of the first shaft section 1 and the second shaft section 2.

[0021] The various parts of the transmission shaft in the present application are formed in an integrated manner and do not require separate forming and assembly. The mold preparation is simple and the overall processability is good. The overall axial and bending compensation capabilities of the transmission shaft are strong and the compensation efficiency is high. Compared with the prior art, the structure is simpler and the preparation cost is lower. The weight and volume of the transmission structure are greatly reduced, and the mass is reduced by 40% compared with the traditional metal shaft system, which effectively improves the load-bearing efficiency of the transmission shaft.

[0022] When the transmission shaft is subjected to axial or bending loads, the diaphragm disc with a rectangular structure in the axial section is the main compensation structure, and the axial or bending compensation is achieved by the stretching or bending deformation of the diaphragm disc. Compared with the existing composite material transmission shaft, the present application adds a rectangular diaphragm disc 3 structure, which can better achieve axial distance compensation and bending angle compensation at both ends when the transmission shaft is subjected to radial loads and bending loads, greatly alleviating the local interlaminar stress caused by the deformation of the composite material, and greatly improving the compensation capacity of the transmission shaft.

[0023] The transmission shaft of the present application can withstand a torque of 5000N·m and a bending compensation angle of 3.45° in static state; it can withstand a torque of 1500N·m and a bending compensation angle of 1.5° in dynamic state with an operating speed of 4000r / min and a fatigue cycle number of 107. The axial distance compensation can reach up to 15mm. Compared with other transmission shafts, the coordination compensation ability and bending fatigue resistance of this shaft are greatly improved.

[0024] The molding process is fiber winding molding. During the molding process, the fibers maintain continuity and the quality of the three parts of the membrane disc is uniform.

[0025] By adjusting the fiber layers in different parts of the transmission shaft to target different load conditions, it has strong applicability. Specifically:

[0026] When the transmission shaft has a high requirement for bearing the axial load as a whole, the overall layup can be increased by adding 0° and 90° fiber layups; when the overall torsional bearing requirement of the transmission shaft is high, the overall layup can be increased by adding 45° fiber layups; when the axial and bending compensation requirement of the transmission shaft is high, the fiber layup at the diaphragm disc body 3-1 can be reduced or the layup angle can be lowered. At this time, the specific process means of the transmission shaft remain unchanged.

[0027] When the axial compensation distance of the transmission shaft is too high to meet the strength requirement of the transmission shaft, the fiber stress can be improved by increasing the axial height of the membrane disk 3 and (or) adding 90° fiber layers to the membrane disk.

[0028] When the bending compensation angle of the transmission shaft is large and the strength of the transmission shaft cannot meet the requirements, the fiber stress can be improved by increasing the radial dimension of the membrane disk 3 so that the transmission shaft can bear greater bending moment and torque.

[0029] When the present application is applied to a power transmission mechanical system, when the mechanical operation causes the internal structure to undergo continuous minor changes, most transmission systems will be subjected to non-negligible axial forces and bending moments. The diaphragm disk 3 has a good overall deformation fatigue resistance when it is in a cyclic deformation state. The transmission shaft of the present invention can better solve the problem of misalignment at both ends caused by the motion system, and can bear the coupling of multiple loads under a dynamic fatigue state.

[0030] The transmission shaft as a whole is a hollow shaft body, and the laying method of the first shaft section 1 and the second shaft section 2 is that low fiber angle and ±45° fiber are laid alternately, wherein the low fiber angle range is -35° to +35°.

[0031] When axial distance compensation is required in the working state, the plying method of the membrane disc body 3-1 adopts ±45° fiber plying. In this working state, the working distance at both ends of the transmission shaft is not equal to the shaft length, and the transmission shaft is subjected to axial tension or compression load. At this time, the membrane disc 3 will deform to achieve compensation at both ends of the shaft. The main deformation position of the membrane disc 3 is the membrane disc body 3-1, and while performing axial compensation, other structures of the transmission shaft are not deformed. Therefore, the axial stiffness of this part is required to be low, and the method adopted is to leave only ±45° fiber plying to ensure the overall torsional stiffness.

[0032] When subjected to tension or load, the diaphragm disc body 3-1 is subjected to a large tension and deforms, which in turn causes the diaphragm disc to lengthen or shorten, thereby causing the entire drive shaft to lengthen or shorten, thus achieving axial compensation. Because the diaphragm disc needs to deform, the layup of this part is reduced, thereby reducing the stiffness of this part, which will make the diaphragm disc easy to deform. However, when the layup is reduced, all stiffness will be reduced to a greater or lesser extent, that is, the axial stiffness needs to be reduced but the torsional stiffness does not need to be reduced. ±45° is the best angle for torsion resistance, so we retain the ±45° fiber to ensure the overall torsional stiffness as much as possible, while reducing its axial stiffness as much as possible.

[0033] When bending angle compensation is required in the working state, the laying method of the membrane disc body 3-1 adopts alternating laying of low fiber angle and ±45° fiber, wherein the number of low fiber angle fiber layers is less than the number of low fiber angle fiber layers in the first shaft section 1. In this working state, the working positions of the two ends of the transmission shaft are not parallel, the transmission shaft is subjected to bending load, one flange 4 is fixed, and the other flange 4 is subjected to cantilever load. At this time, the membrane disc 3 is the key force-bearing part, and the main deformation position of the membrane disc 3 is the membrane disc body 3-1. While performing axial compensation, other structures of the transmission shaft are not deformed. When the transmission shaft is subjected to bending moment, both sides of the diaphragm disc 3 will deform. The side of the diaphragm disc body 3-1 close to the fixed end flange 4 will be pulled, and the side close to the cantilever end flange 4 will be compressed, thereby forming an angular deflection of the transmission shaft. The misalignment compensation at both ends is achieved through the deformation of the diaphragm disc body 3-1. Therefore, the bending stiffness requirement of the diaphragm disc body 3-1 is relatively low. The method adopted is to reduce the low-angle fiber layup at the diaphragm disc body 3-1 to reduce the bending stiffness of this part. At the same time, the diaphragm disc 3 as a whole needs to ensure its torsional stiffness and retain the ±45° fiber layup. This is similar to the reason for axial compensation.

[0034] When axial and bending compensation is required in the working state, the number of plies of the chamfered section 3-2 of the diaphragm disc is more than that of the first shaft section 1 or the second shaft section 2. In this state, the main stress concentration area of ​​the diaphragm disc 3 is the chamfered section 3-2, and the ply method of the chamfered section 3-2 is set to be the same as that of the first shaft section 1 or the second shaft section 2. When the axial and bending loads borne by the entire transmission shaft are large, and the overall strength of the diaphragm disc 3 cannot meet the fiber strength requirements, the number of plies or the chamfer angle of the chamfered section 3-2 can be increased, and the overall molding process of the transmission shaft does not change.

[0035] A transition shaft section 5 is provided between the first shaft section 1 and one flange 4 and between the second shaft section 2 and another flange 4. Since the difference in the ply between the flange 4 area and the first shaft section 1 or the second shaft section 2 is too large, a transition shaft section 5 is provided between the ply between the two flanges 4 and the first shaft section 1 or the second shaft section 2, so that the stress of the transmission shaft can be distributed as smoothly as possible under external load conditions.

[0036] The layup method of the transition shaft section 5 is to add multiple layers of ±45° fiber layup on the basis of the adjacent first shaft section 1 or second shaft section 2 .

[0037] The laying method of the flange 4 is to add multiple layers of 0° fiber laying and multiple layers of 90° fiber laying on the basis of the adjacent transition shaft section 5. The two ends of the flange 4 play a connecting and fixing role. When the transmission shaft is subjected to axial, radial, torsional and other loads, the two connecting end flanges 4 are also the main load-bearing areas of the entire transmission shaft, and are also stress concentration areas. In particular, large stress is prone to occur at the chamfer between the flange 4 and the first shaft section 1 or the second shaft section 2. Therefore, 0°, 90° and ±45° fibers are mainly introduced in the flange 4 area to cope with different loads respectively. 0° fiber laying and 90° fiber laying are laid alternately.

[0038] Example of overall layup of the transmission shaft: the first and second shaft sections have 12 fiber plies each, and the layup pattern is [-14°, 14°, -14°, 45°, 45°]s; the transition section has 24 fiber plies, and the layup pattern is [-14°, 14°, -14°, 45°, 45°]s+[90°, 45°, -45°]4; each flange has 40 fiber plies, and the layup pattern is [-14°, 14°, -14°, 45°, 45°]s+[90°, 45°, -45°]4+[45°, -45°]8. All plies are laid alternately.

Claims

1. A composite material transmission shaft with a membrane disc, characterized in that: It comprises a first shaft section (1), a second shaft section (2), a membrane disc (3) and two flanges (4) which are coaxially arranged and formed by integrally laying a carbon fiber epoxy resin-based composite material, wherein the membrane disc (3) is located between the first shaft section (1) and the second shaft section (2), and the two flanges (4) are correspondingly located at one end of the two shaft sections away from the membrane disc (3), and the membrane disc (3) comprises a membrane disc main body (3-1) and chamfered sections (3-2) located at both ends of the membrane disc main body (3-1), and the axial section of the membrane disc main body (3-1) is a rectangular structure, and the laying method of the chamfered section (3-2) is the same as that of the first shaft section (1) and the second shaft section (2); The transmission shaft as a whole is a hollow shaft body, and the first shaft section (1) and the second shaft section (2) are both laid in a manner of alternately laying low fiber angles and ±45° fibers, wherein the low fiber angle ranges from -35° to +35°; A transition shaft section (5) is provided between the first shaft section (1) and one flange (4) and between the second shaft section (2) and another flange (4); the transition shaft section (5) is laid in a manner that multiple layers of ±45° fiber layers are added on the basis of the adjacent first shaft section (1) or second shaft section (2); The flange (4) is laid in a manner that multiple layers of 0° fiber laying and multiple layers of 90° fiber laying are added on the basis of the adjacent transition shaft section (5).

2. The composite material transmission shaft with a membrane disk according to claim 1, characterized in that: When axial distance compensation is required in the working state, the plying method of the membrane disc body (3-1) adopts ±45° fiber plying.

3. A composite material transmission shaft with a membrane disk according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When bending angle compensation is required in the working state, the diaphragm disc body (3-1) is laid in a manner that alternately lays low fiber angles and ±45° fibers, wherein the number of low fiber angle fiber layers is less than the number of low fiber angle fiber layers in the first shaft section (1).

4. A composite material transmission shaft with a membrane disk according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: When axial and bending compensation is required in the working state, the number of plies of the chamfered section (3-2) of the diaphragm disc is greater than that of the first axial section (1) or the second axial section (2).

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