Construction technology of a tunneling precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine

Abstract

The present invention provides a construction process for a tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine, including the following steps: splicing multiple side lining segments and arch lining segments respectively to obtain side linings and arch linings; lifting the side linings and arch linings and installing them on the side installation mechanism and the arch installation mechanism; moving the transportation and installation integrated machine to the lining installation position in the tunnel; lifting the walking mechanism so that the transportation and installation integrated machine is supported on the ground through the whole machine adjustment mechanism; operating the whole machine adjustment mechanism to preliminarily position and center the transportation and installation integrated machine; operating the arch installation mechanism and the side installation mechanism to initially adjust and then finely adjust the positioning of the arch lining and the side lining; connecting the bolts between the side lining and the arch lining, and then pouring the wet joint; retracting and removing each mechanism of the transportation and installation integrated machine from the tunnel. In this construction process, the installation of the arch lining and the side lining can be carried out simultaneously, with high installation efficiency, high installation accuracy, and being economical and practical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel lining installation, and particularly relates to a construction process of a tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine. Background Art

[0002] In the past two decades, China's transportation infrastructure has achieved unprecedented great development. Among them, mountain tunnels have experienced progress from traditional support structures to modern support structures, and from integral linings to composite linings. The construction methods of mountain tunnels have also developed from traditional mining methods to the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) and the Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) construction method. Currently, the NATM composite lining has been widely applied around the world. However, the NATM construction process has many procedures, complex construction organization, a relatively long construction period, a harsh construction environment, and the construction quality cannot be effectively guaranteed. However, it has good geological adaptability and unique advantages of economy and flexibility. The TBM method has simple procedures, fast construction speed, and good safety. However, the TBM method is generally only used for circular long tunnels mainly composed of hard rocks and is not suitable for short tunnels and underground projects with relatively complex geological conditions. In order to adapt to various geological conditions, speed up the construction speed, and improve the project quality, it is necessary to make some improvements to the current popular construction methods or lining structure forms in order to obtain good economic and technical benefits.

[0003] From the perspective of the excavation method, the drill and blast excavation method applied in the NATM has strong adaptability and can be applied to various geological conditions. On the basis of meeting the tunnel construction clearance, various cross-section shapes can be excavated, and the adaptability is strong; while the TBM tunneling machine method has strict requirements for geological conditions, cross-section shape, and tunnel length, reducing its application scope and adaptability. Compared with the NATM, it lacks advantages. In addition, from the perspective of the lining structure form, the composite lining structure adopted by the NATM fully reflects its design and construction concept, that is, to give full play to the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock. However, its construction speed is slow, the construction process is numerous, and it has been unable to meet the requirements of modern tunnel construction for mechanization level, construction efficiency, safety, and environmental protection. Moreover, the secondary lining cannot bear the load immediately after pouring; the prefabricated lining adopted by the TBM method has fast lining construction speed, reliable quality, and the lining can bear the load immediately, greatly improving the tunnel construction environment. Moreover, due to the existence of various joints in the prefabricated lining, the flexibility of the lining is increased, which also reflects the concept of the NATM to a certain extent. At the same time, with the development of tunnel construction mechanization and construction factory technology, prefabricated linings are more and more widely applied to various tunnels and underground projects. Therefore, it is very necessary to conduct certain research on tunnel prefabricated linings in combination with the construction concept of the NATM to solve the problems of speed, quality, and efficiency in current engineering construction.

[0004] The existing tunnel prefabricated lining installation devices and construction methods still have the following problems: (1) The transportation and installation of precast arch wall linings are separated, resulting in low construction efficiency and high costs;

[0005] (2) When installing the precast arch wall lining, the installation of the arch lining and the side lining is also carried out separately. It is necessary to support the previously installed arch lining before installing the side lining, and the installation process is complex. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The present invention provides a construction process for a tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine. In this construction process, the installation of the arch lining and the side lining can be carried out simultaneously, with high installation efficiency, high installation accuracy, and being economical and practical.

[0007] The technical solution adopted to achieve the above object of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A construction process for a tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine includes the following steps: (1) Splice multiple side lining pieces and arch lining pieces into a whole respectively to obtain 2 sections of side linings and 1 section of arch lining;

[0009] (2) Lift the side lining and the arch lining and install them on the side installation mechanism and the arch installation mechanism of the transportation and installation integrated machine respectively;

[0010] (3) Move the transportation and installation integrated machine to the lining installation position in the tunnel;

[0011] (4) Lift the traveling mechanism of the transportation and installation integrated machine to make it suspended, and make the transportation and installation integrated machine supported on the ground by the whole machine adjustment mechanism;

[0012] (5) Operate the whole machine adjustment mechanism to make the longitudinal and transverse centerlines of the transportation and installation integrated machine achieve preliminary positioning and alignment with the tunnel lining installation position;

[0013] (6) Operate the arch installation mechanism to make the arch lining rise to near the installation height, and at the same time operate the telescopic arm of the side installation mechanism to make the side lining move to near the installation position;

[0014] (7) Operate the arch installation mechanism to finely adjust the position of the arch lining to align the arch lining with the already installed arch lining;

[0015] (8) Operate the side installation mechanism to finely adjust the position of the side lining to align the side lining with the arch lining and the already installed side lining;

[0016] (9) Connect the bolts between the side lining and the arch lining, and then pour the wet joint until it reaches the same strength;

[0017] (10) Retract the arch installation mechanism and the side installation mechanism to the original position, support the traveling mechanism on the ground, and move the transportation and installation integrated machine out of the tunnel to carry out the next cycle of transportation and installation.

[0018] After step (2) is completed, the side lining and the arch lining are temporarily fixed to the transportation and installation integrated machine by temporary support rods, and the temporary support rods are removed after step (5) is completed. The temporary support rods are connected to the fixing seats on the side lining.

[0019] In step (1), both the side lining and the arch lining are composed of 6 lining pieces. The side lining and the arch lining are spliced by bolts and connectors, and then a second sliding tenon that is matched and connected with the arch installation mechanism is installed on the arch lining, and a threaded rod and a positioning shaft that are matched and connected with the side installation mechanism are installed on the side lining.

[0020] In step (2), both sections of the side lining are installed under the sides of the arch lining.

[0021] Longitudinal center line marks are made on the installed side lining and arch lining, longitudinal center line marks that are centered with the installed arch lining are made on the ground at the position to be installed, and transverse center line marks of the arch lining to be installed are made on the ground at the position to be installed.

[0022] Longitudinal and transverse center line marks are made on the arch lining to be installed, and longitudinal center line marks are made on the side lining to be installed.

[0023] In steps (6) and (7), the arch installation mechanism positions the arch lining through the telescoping of the lifting oil cylinder, the first transverse movement oil cylinder, and the first longitudinal movement oil cylinder in three planes.

[0024] In steps (6) and (8), the side installation mechanism installs and positions the side lining on both sides of the tunnel through the telescoping of the telescopic arm, and then drives the adjustment and positioning of the orientation of the telescopic arm through the telescoping of the first rotary oil cylinder and the second rotary oil cylinder, so as to position the installation position and angle of the side lining; the side installation mechanism can also adjust the longitudinal installation position of the side lining through the telescoping of the second longitudinal movement oil cylinder.

[0025] In step (5), the whole machine adjustment mechanism adjusts the position of the transportation and installation integrated machine through the lifting legs, the third transverse movement oil cylinder, and the third longitudinal movement oil cylinder.

[0026] An electro-hydraulic control system is provided on the transportation and installation integrated machine. The electro-hydraulic control system includes a hydraulic drive unit, a hydraulic steering unit, a hydraulic suspension unit, a whole machine hydraulic adjustment unit, an arch hydraulic installation unit, and a side hydraulic installation unit, which respectively perform hydraulic control on the traveling mechanism, the whole machine adjustment mechanism, the arch installation mechanism, and the side installation mechanism. Driver's cabs are provided at both the front and rear ends of the transportation and installation integrated machine, and the transportation and installation integrated machine is driven in and out of the tunnel manually.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the construction process of the transportation and installation integrated machine provided by the present invention has the following advantages: 1. The construction process of the transportation and installation integrated machine provided by the present invention integrates the transportation and installation of precast arch wall linings. It can transport a section of precast arch wall lining (including a section of arch lining and two sections of side linings) from the narrow space of the tunnel to the installation position at one time, and can accurately adjust the attitude and install the large-sized and heavy-weight arch lining and side linings, meeting the requirements of lining installation accuracy, and having a high degree of automation and simple operation.

[0028] 2. In the construction process provided by the present invention, the arch installation mechanism and two sets of side installation mechanisms can work independently at the same time without interference, and can complete the installation of a section of precast arch wall lining in the tunnel at one time without the need to support the lining, with high construction efficiency.

[0029] 3. In the construction process provided by the present invention, by making marks in advance on the already installed side linings and arch linings, the ground at the installation position, and the side linings and arch linings to be installed, it is convenient for the preliminary alignment and precise adjustment of the transportation and installation integrated machine in the later stage, with high construction efficiency and simple construction process.

[0030] 4. In the construction process provided by the present invention, the whole machine adjustment mechanism is used to preliminarily align the transportation and installation integrated machine, and then the installation positions of the arch lining and side linings are accurately adjusted respectively and simultaneously by the arch installation mechanism and two sets of side installation mechanisms. Moreover, the adjustment directions of the whole machine adjustment mechanism, the arch installation mechanism, and the side installation mechanism are all adjusted in multiple directions (longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions), with a high degree of installation freedom and being able to flexibly apply to the scenarios when the construction geological conditions change.

[0031] 5. In the construction process provided by the present invention, the arch lining and side linings are further reinforced with the vehicle frame through temporary support rods to prevent the lining sheets of the arch lining and side linings from being displaced due to swaying and vibration during the transportation process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the transportation and installation integrated machine for precast arch wall linings in the tunnel provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the transportation and installation integrated machine in the present invention when transporting the arch lining and side linings;

[0034] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the vehicle frame in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 4 It is a partial structural schematic diagram of the traveling mechanism in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 5Schematic diagram of the local structure of the traveling mechanism in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the whole machine adjustment mechanism in the present invention;

[0038] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the connection between the whole machine adjustment mechanism and the vehicle frame in the present invention;

[0039] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the sliding beam of the whole machine adjustment mechanism in the present invention;

[0040] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the structure of the arch installation mechanism in the present invention;

[0041] Figure 10 Schematic diagram of the installation of the arch installation mechanism and the vehicle frame in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 11 Schematic diagram of the installation of the arch installation mechanism and the arch lining in the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0043] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the installation of the arch installation mechanism and the arch lining in the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0044] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of the support cross beam of the arch installation mechanism in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 14 Schematic diagram of the installation of the side installation mechanism and the vehicle frame in the present invention;

[0046] Figure 15 Schematic diagram of the structure of the side installation mechanism in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 16 Schematic diagram of the structure of the side lining in the present invention;

[0048] Figure 17 Schematic diagram of the installation of the side lining on the side installation mechanism in the present invention;

[0049] Figure 18 Rear view of the transportation and installation integrated machine in the present invention during transportation in the already lined tunnel section;

[0050] Figure 19 Rear view of the standing position of the transportation and installation integrated machine at the lining installation position in the present invention;

[0051] Figure 20 Schematic diagram of the transportation and installation integrated machine supported on the whole machine adjustment mechanism in the present invention;

[0052] Figure 21Front view of the installation of the arch lining by the transportation and installation integrated machine in the present invention;

[0053] Figure 22 Front view of the installation of the side lining by the transportation and installation integrated machine in the present invention;

[0054] Figure 23 Schematic diagram of the transportation and installation integrated machine after installation in the present invention;

[0055] Figure 24 Schematic diagram of the transportation and installation integrated machine when it is retracted to the original state after installation in the present invention;

[0056] In the figure: 100 - arch lining, 200 - side lining, 2001 - threaded rod, 2002 - positioning shaft, 2003 - connecting piece, 2004 - reinforcement base, 300 - lined tunnel section;

[0057] 1 - vehicle frame, 11 - wheel beam, 12 - column beam, 13 - connecting beam, 14 - main cross beam;

[0058] 2 - traveling mechanism, 21 - suspension assembly, 22 - steering system, 23 - wheel set;

[0059] 3 - overall machine adjustment mechanism, 31 - support bracket, 32 - lifting leg, 33 - sliding beam, 34 - third transverse shifting oil cylinder, 35 - transverse shifting slide plate, 36 - third longitudinal shifting oil cylinder, 37 - longitudinal shifting slide plate, 38 - transverse shifting chute, 39 - longitudinal shifting chute;

[0060] 4 - arch installation mechanism, 41 - lifting cross beam, 411 - first guiding hole, 412 - installation hole, 42 - support cross beam, 421 - first sliding tenon, 422 - second guiding hole, 43 - lifting oil cylinder, 44 - first transverse shifting oil cylinder, 45 - first longitudinal shifting oil cylinder, 46 - guiding column, 47 - second sliding tenon;

[0061] 51 - telescopic arm, 52 - through beam, 53 - lining support, 531 - chute, 532 - threaded hole, 533 - positioning hole, 54 - second longitudinal shifting oil cylinder, 55 - first rotary oil cylinder, 56 - second rotary oil cylinder;

[0062] 6 - temporary support rod, 7 - power cabin, 8 - electric - hydraulic system, 9 - driver's cab. Detailed implementation mode

[0063] The following makes a detailed and specific description of the present invention in conjunction with the attached drawings.

[0064] When installing a prefabricated arch - wall lining for a section of tunnel in the present invention, it is divided into the installation of an arch lining 100 and two side linings 200. In this embodiment, both the arch lining and the side lining are composed of 6 lining sheets spliced together. Specifically, both the side lining and the arch lining are spliced by bolts and connecting pieces.

[0065] In this embodiment, the overall structure of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine for implementing this construction process is as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 . It includes a vehicle frame 1, a traveling mechanism 2, a whole machine adjustment mechanism 3, an arch installation mechanism 4, and a side installation mechanism 5. The traveling mechanism and the whole machine adjustment mechanism are installed at the bottom of the vehicle frame, and are respectively used for the traveling and preliminary centering of the whole machine. The arch installation mechanism and the side installation mechanism are both installed on the vehicle frame. Among them, two sets of side installation mechanisms are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the arch installation mechanism, and are respectively used for the installation of the arch lining and the side linings on both sides.

[0066] In this embodiment, the vehicle frame is of a combined beam structure, welded by Q355 steel plates, as shown in Figure 3 . It includes a wheel beam 11, a column beam 12, a connecting beam 13, and a main cross beam 14. Among them, there are two wheel beams, two connecting beams, and two main cross beams, and there are four column beams. The two wheel beams are arranged in parallel at the bottom, and the column beams are connected to both ends of each wheel beam, and are used to support the upper structure of the whole machine, equipment, and the assembled arch lining and side linings. The connecting beam is connected to the column beam and is perpendicular to the wheel beam. The main cross beams are arranged in parallel between the two connecting beams and are all located inside the wheel beams above. The main cross beams and the connecting beams support the arch adjustment mechanism and the arch lining. The vehicle frame is the load-bearing component of the transportation and installation integrated machine and is the carrier of each mechanism. The cross-sections of all the beams of the vehicle frame are box-shaped cross-sections.

[0067] The traveling mechanism is installed at the bottom of the vehicle frame, that is, the lower surface of the wheel beam, as shown in Figure 3 . Specifically, the traveling mechanism is of a tire type structure, and includes a suspension assembly 21, a wheel set 23, a steering system 22, and a braking system (not shown in the figure), as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 . The suspension assembly has 10 axles and 20 groups, including 3 axles of active suspension, 4 axles of driven braking suspension, and 3 axles of driven non-braking suspension. The active suspension mainly consists of a slewing bearing, a suspension frame, a drive axle, a drive motor and a reducer, a tire, and a wheel rim. The driven suspension mainly consists of a slewing bearing, a suspension frame, a driven axle, a tire, a wheel rim, and a hub. During transportation, the whole machine suspension adopts a three-point support mode for grouping, and each group is equipped with a hydraulic equalization system to ensure that the transportation and installation machine can travel evenly and be loaded on uneven roads.

[0068] The wheel set includes a driving wheel set, a braking wheel set and a driven wheel set. The driving wheel set consists of a driving axle, a speed reducer, a motor, wheels, rims, etc. The braking wheel set consists of a braking axle, rims, wheels, etc. The driven wheel set consists of a driven axle, rims, wheels, etc. In this embodiment, the rim is widened, reducing tire wear. At the same time, a tire pressure monitoring device is configured to monitor the usage of the tires in real time. The steering system adopts an independent steering mode and consists of a slewing bearing, a steering cylinder, a steering angle encoder, etc. The braking system consists of service braking, parking braking and emergency braking. The service braking is mainly achieved by controlling the driving hydraulic system, in cooperation with hydraulic drum brakes; the parking braking consists of a normally closed disc brake and a hydraulic drum brake; the emergency braking is achieved by a normally closed disc brake + a hydraulic drum brake. The suspension assembly, wheel set, steering system and braking system of the traveling mechanism are all conventional settings, and their detailed structures are not introduced in this embodiment.

[0069] The traveling mechanism can realize the diagonal movement, semi-eight-turn and eight-turn modes of the transportation and installation integrated machine, so as to move the transportation and installation integrated machine from the pre-assembly site outside the tunnel to the lining installation position inside the tunnel. Moreover, the traveling mechanism has a certain positioning accuracy, making the lateral error between the whole machine and the center line of the arch segment less than 200 mm, and the longitudinal error less than 500 mm, which is convenient for the later whole machine adjustment mechanism to preliminarily position and align the longitudinal and transverse center lines of the transportation and installation integrated machine with the tunnel lining installation position.

[0070] The whole machine adjustment mechanism is also installed on the lower surface of the wheel beam. In this embodiment, four sets of the whole machine adjustment mechanism are symmetrically installed at the bottom of the frame, as shown in Figure 3 . The whole machine adjustment mechanism includes a support bracket 31, lifting legs 32, a sliding beam 33, a transverse movement assembly and a longitudinal movement assembly. The transverse movement assembly includes a third transverse movement oil cylinder 34 and a transverse movement slide plate 35, and the longitudinal movement assembly includes a third longitudinal movement oil cylinder 36 and a longitudinal movement slide plate 37, as shown in Figures 6 - 8 . Among them, the support bracket is the main load-bearing component of the whole machine adjustment mechanism and is assembled by Q355 steel plates. The lifting legs are installed at the four corners of the bottom of the support bracket. It adopts a mechanical jacking mechanism, and the lifting screw of the lifting legs uses T-shaped threads for load bearing and transmission, which is used to adjust the up and down movement of the whole machine. The sliding beam is installed on the support bracket and the frame through the transverse movement assembly and the longitudinal movement assembly, which is used to adjust the transverse and longitudinal movement actions of the whole machine. The sliding beam is assembled by Q355 steel plates.

[0071] Specifically, the transverse movement slide plate is fixedly installed on the upper part of the support bracket, and a transverse movement chute 38 is arranged at the bottom of the sliding beam, as shown in Figure 8, the transverse sliding chute and the transverse sliding plate are slidably connected. The cylinder block of the third transverse translation oil cylinder is fixed on the support bracket through a support, and the piston rod of the third transverse translation oil cylinder is connected to the sliding beam through a hinge seat, so that the sliding beam and the vehicle frame connected to the sliding beam slide horizontally along the support bracket. The longitudinal sliding plate is fixedly installed at the bottom of the vehicle frame, see Figure 7 , a longitudinal sliding chute 39 is arranged on the upper part of the sliding beam. The longitudinal sliding chute and the longitudinal sliding plate are slidably connected. The cylinder block of the third longitudinal translation oil cylinder is fixed on the lower surface of the wheel beam, and the piston rod of the third longitudinal translation oil cylinder is connected to the sliding beam through a hinge seat, so that the vehicle frame slides longitudinally along the sliding beam. Both the transverse sliding plate and the longitudinal sliding plate are made of engineering plastic alloy. Two third transverse translation oil cylinders and two third longitudinal translation oil cylinders are installed in each set of the whole machine adjustment mechanism. The up-and-down movement, longitudinal movement and transverse movement of the whole machine are realized through the whole machine adjustment mechanism, so as to be used for the preliminary centering of the transportation and installation integrated vehicle and the tunnel lining installation position.

[0072] The arch installation mechanism is installed on the upper parts of the main cross beam and the connecting beam, as Figures 9 - 12 shown. The arch installation mechanism includes a lifting cross beam 41, a support cross beam 42, a lifting unit, a transverse movement unit and a longitudinal movement unit, wherein the lifting unit, the transverse movement unit and the longitudinal movement unit are a lifting oil cylinder 43, a first transverse translation oil cylinder 44 and a first longitudinal translation oil cylinder 45 respectively. There are two lifting cross beams. The lifting oil cylinders are vertically connected between the lifting cross beam and the vehicle frame, so that the lifting cross beam is horizontally installed at the front and rear ends (on two connecting beams) of the vehicle frame. Specifically, the cylinder block of the lifting oil cylinder is fixed on the vehicle frame (on the column beam), see Figure 10 , the piston rod of the lifting oil cylinder is connected to the lifting cross beam. There are 8 lifting oil cylinders, which are distributed on both sides of the end of each lifting cross beam, ensuring that the whole arch installation mechanism and the arch lining can be supported and they can be driven to rise and fall at the same time. Installation holes 412 are arranged at both ends of the lifting cross beam. Guide columns 46 are connected in the installation holes through spherical hinges. The bottom of the guide column is fixedly connected to the vehicle frame. When the lifting oil cylinder jacks up the lifting cross beam, the guide column can play a role in limiting and supporting, see Figure 21 .

[0073] The support crossbeam is longitudinally installed on the lifting crossbeam. The first transverse moving oil cylinder is installed between the lifting crossbeam and the support crossbeam, enabling the support crossbeam to move transversely along the lifting crossbeam. Specifically, a first guiding hole 411 is provided on the lifting crossbeam. The bottoms of both ends of the support crossbeam are connected with first sliding tenons 421, and the first sliding tenons are respectively connected in the first guiding holes of the two lifting crossbeams, so that the support crossbeam is longitudinally installed on the lifting crossbeam. The transverse dimension of the first guiding hole is larger than the transverse dimension of the first sliding tenon. The first transverse moving oil cylinder drives the first sliding tenon to move transversely along the first guiding hole, thereby enabling the support crossbeam to move transversely on the lifting crossbeam, and then driving the arch lining to move transversely. Specifically, the cylinder body of the first transverse moving oil cylinder is fixed on the lifting crossbeam, and the piston rod of the first transverse moving oil cylinder is connected with the support crossbeam. A total of 8 first transverse moving oil cylinders are provided, and they are distributed on both sides of the bottoms of both ends of the support crossbeam. The first sliding tenon is of an arc structure. When the piston rods of the front two groups of first transverse moving oil cylinders extend (retract) at a low speed and the piston rods of the rear two groups of first transverse moving oil cylinders retract (extend) at a low speed, the arch lining and the support crossbeam can rotate around the first sliding tenon to realize the adjustment of the vertical angle posture.

[0074] The arch lining is installed on the support crossbeam. The first longitudinal moving oil cylinder is installed between the arch lining and the support crossbeam, enabling the arch lining to move longitudinally along the support crossbeam. Specifically, a second guiding hole 422 is provided in the middle of the support crossbeam, and a second sliding tenon 47 is correspondingly installed at the bottom of the arch lining, as shown in Figure 12 , and the second sliding tenon is installed in the second guiding hole. The longitudinal dimension of the second guiding hole is larger than the longitudinal dimension of the second sliding tenon. The first longitudinal moving oil cylinder drives the second sliding tenon to move longitudinally along the second guiding hole, thereby driving the arch lining to move longitudinally. Specifically, 2 first longitudinal moving oil cylinders are distributed and installed on both sides of one end of the support crossbeam close to the heading face. The cylinder body of the first longitudinal moving oil cylinder is fixed on the support crossbeam, and the piston rod of the first longitudinal moving oil cylinder is connected with the arch lining, as shown in Figure 11 . The support crossbeam is a box girder structure with a wider upper part and a narrower lower part. As shown in Figure 13 , the upper flange plate is wider, which can stably support the arch lining.

[0075] The arch installation mechanism adjusts and positions the position of the arch lining in three directions: vertical, transverse, and longitudinal until it is adjusted and positioned to the arch installation position and aligned with the already installed arch lining for installation. During transportation, the hydraulic circuits where the lifting oil cylinder, the first transverse moving oil cylinder, and the first longitudinal moving oil cylinder are located are all in the neutral pressure-holding state, enabling the oil cylinders to effectively support the moving parts.

[0076] One set of side installation mechanisms is respectively installed on the upper surfaces of the two wheel beams. As shown in Figure 14 , the side installation mechanism includes a telescopic arm 51, a through beam 52, a lining support 53, a second longitudinal moving oil cylinder 54, a first rotary oil cylinder 55, and a second rotary oil cylinder 56. As shown in Figure 15As shown in the figure, in this embodiment, a multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment structure is formed by connecting a telescopic arm, a first rotary oil cylinder, and a second rotary oil cylinder, which can perform multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment on a cross beam above the telescopic arm. Specifically, both ends of the telescopic arm are hinged to the cross beam and the vehicle frame (wheel beam), and a first rotary oil cylinder is hinged between the telescopic arm and the cross beam. Specifically, the cylinder block of the first rotary oil cylinder is hinged to the telescopic arm, and the piston rod of the first rotary oil cylinder is connected to the hinge ear on the cross beam. A second rotary oil cylinder is hinged between the telescopic arm and the vehicle frame. Specifically, the cylinder block of the second rotary oil cylinder is hinged to the wheel beam, and the piston rod of the second rotary oil cylinder is connected to the hinge ear on the telescopic arm. When the second rotary oil cylinder expands and contracts, the telescopic arm supports the side installation mechanism and the side lining to adjust the position around the vehicle frame together. When the first rotary oil cylinder expands and contracts, the side installation mechanism and the side lining can also adjust the position around the telescopic arm together. To ensure the stability of the support, more than two telescopic arms are distributed between the same side installation mechanism and the vehicle frame. In this embodiment, three are provided, and the number and position of the first rotary oil cylinder and the second rotary oil cylinder correspond to those of the telescopic arm.

[0077] The shapes of the cross beam and the lining support are both arc-shaped structures that match the shape of the side lining. The cross beam and the lining support are both welded by steel plates and have good rigidity. More than two lining supports are provided. In this embodiment, three are provided. Sliding grooves 531 are provided at the bottoms of the lining supports, and the lining supports are straddled and installed on the cross beam through the sliding grooves and are slidably connected to the cross beam. Second longitudinal movement oil cylinders are distributed and connected between the cross beam and the lining supports. When the second longitudinal movement oil cylinders expand and contract, the lining supports move longitudinally along the cross beam. Specifically, the second longitudinal movement oil cylinders are arranged on both sides at both ends of the cross beam. The cylinder blocks of the second longitudinal movement oil cylinders are fixed on the cross beam, and the piston rods of the second longitudinal movement oil cylinders are connected to the lining supports. Each set of side installation mechanisms has 4 second longitudinal movement oil cylinders, as shown in Figure 15 .

[0078] A threaded rod 2001 and a positioning shaft 2002 are installed on the side lining. Threaded holes 532 and positioning holes 533 are provided on the lining support. The positioning shaft is installed in the positioning hole, and the threaded rod is connected to the threaded hole, so that the side lining is installed on the side installation mechanism, as shown in Figure 14 , Figure 16 and Figure 17 shown. During transportation, the side lining is located below the side of the arch lining, which is convenient for the integrated transportation and installation vehicle to move to the tunnel lining installation position in the tunnel, as shown in Figure 1 . When installing the side lining, the side lining is adjusted and positioned to the side installation position through the elongation and rotation of the telescopic arm, and is aligned and installed with the arch lining and the already installed side lining.

[0079] To further ensure the stability of the arch lining and the side lining during transportation, in this embodiment, temporary support rods 6 are distributed and connected between the arch lining and the side lining and the vehicle frame, as shown inFigure 2 As shown. After the initial positioning and centering of the integrated transportation and installation machine for tunnel lining is achieved with the tunnel lining installation position, before starting to install the arch lining and side linings, the temporary support rods are removed.

[0080] The integrated transportation and installation machine for precast arch wall lining of the tunnel provided in this embodiment further includes a power cabin 7, an electro-hydraulic system 8, and a driver's cab 9 installed on the vehicle frame, as shown in Figure 1 .

[0081] An engine, an elastic coupling, a transfer case, and variable pumps are arranged in the power cabin. Two sets of engines are equipped on the integrated transportation and installation machine. Even if one set fails, the whole vehicle can still drive smoothly to the end (the driving ability remains unchanged, and the speed is reduced by half). Each engine drives 6 variable pumps through the transfer case. During transportation, it provides hydraulic power sources for the wheel set drive system, steering system, suspension assembly, etc. of the traveling mechanism respectively. When installing the lining, it provides hydraulic power sources for the arch installation mechanism and two sets of side installation mechanisms respectively.

[0082] The electro-hydraulic control system includes a hydraulic drive unit, a hydraulic steering unit, a hydraulic suspension unit, a whole machine hydraulic adjustment unit, an arch hydraulic installation unit, and a side hydraulic installation unit. During the process of transporting the lining, the hydraulic drive unit, the hydraulic steering unit, and the hydraulic suspension unit are started, and the whole machine hydraulic adjustment unit, the arch hydraulic installation unit, and the side hydraulic installation unit are stopped. When the transportation and installation vehicle arrives at the position for initial positioning, only the whole machine adjustment hydraulic unit is started, and other units are stopped. When installing the lining, the whole machine adjustment hydraulic unit locks the position, the arch hydraulic installation unit and the side hydraulic installation unit are started, and the hydraulic drive unit, the hydraulic steering unit, and the hydraulic suspension unit are stopped.

[0083] A driver's cab is provided at each end of the integrated transportation and installation machine. It can be operated and driven from either end, and the two operation rooms are interlocked. Steering wheels, joysticks, buttons, switches and other operating components, as well as various monitoring instruments, displays, and fault alarm systems that meet the working needs are arranged in the driver's cab. The driver's cab is provided with heat insulation and sound insulation, equipped with a heating and cooling air conditioner, safety glass, and the front windshield is equipped with a windshield wiper. The noise in the front driver's cab is less than 75 decibels. An electric horn is installed near each of the front and rear driver's cabs for driving warnings. An industrial color display screen is provided in both the front and rear driver's cabs, which is used to display the real-time data of the whole machine working process of the transportation and installation machine and the parameter settings of the transportation and installation machine, etc. The display screen is flipped through the function keys on both sides of the display screen. Each page respectively displays the pressure of each subsystem, the solenoid valve current, the encoder angle, as well as the engine speed, engine operation data, etc. (speed, coolant temperature, oil pressure).

[0084] The layout of the front and rear cabs is basically the same, and the steering wheel, buttons and switches are arranged according to ergonomics. The seat is centrally arranged and has good transmission characteristics. Its position can be adjusted forward and backward, and the backrest angle can also be adjusted. The dimensions of the front cab are 1.6m (length) * 1.6m (width) * 1.6m (height), and the dimensions of the rear cab are 1.6m (length) * 2m (width) * 1.6m (height).

[0085] The construction process of the tunnel prefabricated arch wall lining transportation and safety integrated machine provided in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0086] (1) Multiple side lining sheets and arch lining sheets are spliced ​​into a whole to obtain two sections of side lining and one section of arch lining. In this embodiment, the side lining and the arch lining are both spliced ​​by six lining sheets. Specifically, the side lining and the arch lining are spliced ​​by bolts and connectors 2003. Specifically, connectors are used to connect adjacent lining sheets at the bolt connection positions. The connectors have sufficient rigidity to avoid stress on the bolts and prevent the six lining sheets from relative slipping during transportation and installation.

[0087] Then install a second sliding tenon on the arch lining to match the arch installation mechanism. Figure 12 , install the threaded rod and positioning shaft that match the side mounting mechanism on the side lining, see Figure 16 A reinforcement seat 2004 is also installed on the side lining for connecting the temporary support rod to the side lining.

[0088] (2) Lift the side lining and arch lining and install them on the side installation mechanism and arch installation mechanism of the integrated transport and safety machine respectively; the threaded rod and positioning shaft of the side lining are respectively installed in the threaded hole and positioning hole of the lining support, the second sliding tenon of the arch lining is installed in the second guide hole, and the two sections of the side lining are installed on the lower side of the arch lining, so that the integrated transport and safety machine can move freely in the tunnel where the prefabricated arch wall lining has been installed when transporting the side lining and arch lining. The lifting tool can be a gantry crane, etc. In order to ensure the stability of transportation, the side lining and arch lining are temporarily fixed to the integrated transport and safety machine by temporary support rods, see Figure 2 ;

[0089] At this time, the two side linings are installed on the side and lower part of the arch lining to ensure that the integrated transport and safety machine can travel in the narrow tunnel. Figure 18 .

[0090] (3) Move the integrated transport and safety machine to the lining installation position in the tunnel, and move the air duct to a position close to the wheel group. In this embodiment, the driver can drive the integrated transport and safety machine from the driver's cab at the front end of the frame to the lining installation position in the tunnel. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the transport safety integrated machine in the lined tunnel section 300.Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram of the standing position of the transportation and installation integrated machine at the lining installation position.

[0091] (4)Lift the traveling mechanism of the transportation and installation integrated machine through the suspension assembly to make its wheel sets suspended, and make the transportation and installation integrated machine supported on the ground through the whole machine adjustment mechanism, as Figure 20 shown.

[0092] (5)Operate the lifting legs, the third transverse shift cylinder and the third longitudinal shift cylinder of the whole machine adjustment mechanism to preliminarily position and align the longitudinal and transverse centerlines of the transportation and installation integrated machine with the tunnel lining installation position. This is a preliminary alignment in this step. After the alignment is completed, all the temporary support rods are removed;

[0093] For the convenience of the alignment step, the following preparations are required before installation:

[0094] Make longitudinal centerline marks on the already installed side lining and arch lining, make longitudinal centerline marks on the ground at the installation position to align with the already installed arch lining, and make transverse centerline marks of the arch lining to be installed on the ground at the installation position. Make longitudinal and transverse centerline marks on the arch lining to be installed, and make longitudinal centerline marks on the side lining to be installed;

[0095] When adjusting the whole machine adjustment mechanism, first adjust the telescopic height of the lifting legs to make the already installed arch lining basically parallel to the arch lining on the transportation and installation integrated machine, then adjust the transverse position of the transportation and installation vehicle to make the longitudinal centerlines of the already installed arch lining and the arch lining on the transportation and installation integrated machine coaxial, and finally adjust the longitudinal position of the transportation and installation integrated machine to make the longitudinal spacing between the arch lining to be installed and the already installed arch lining less than 100 mm.

[0096] (6)Operate the arch installation mechanism to raise the arch lining to near the installation height, as Figure 21 shown. The lifting cylinder of the arch installation mechanism extends and retracts to lift the lifting cross beam, so that the arch lining rises to near the installation height;

[0097] At the same time, operate the telescopic arm of the side installation mechanism to move the side lining to near the installation position, as Figure 22 shown. The first rotary cylinder and the second rotary cylinder of the side installation mechanism extend and retract to adjust the orientation of the telescopic arm, and the telescopic arm extends and retracts, thereby moving the side lining to near the installation position.

[0098] (7)Operate the arch installation mechanism to finely adjust the position of the arch lining. The fine adjustment can be achieved by the extension and retraction of the lifting cylinder, the first transverse shift cylinder and the first longitudinal shift cylinder in three planes, so that the arch lining is aligned with the already installed arch lining. At this time, taking the already completed arch lining as the reference, align the arch lining;

[0099] In this embodiment, the arch lining can not only perform longitudinal attitude adjustment (Y-direction translation), lateral attitude adjustment (X-direction translation), and vertical attitude adjustment (Z-direction translation), but also perform longitudinal angular attitude adjustment (rotation about the Y-axis), lateral angular attitude adjustment (rotation about the X-axis), and vertical angular attitude adjustment (rotation about the Z-axis);

[0100] 1) Longitudinal angular attitude adjustment (rotation about the Y-axis)

[0101] The two groups of lifting cylinders on the left side rise (fall) at low speed, and the two groups of lifting cylinders on the right side fall (rise) at low speed, causing the lifting crossbeam, support crossbeam, and arch lining to deflect around the spherical hinge on the column, achieving longitudinal angular attitude adjustment.

[0102] 2) Lateral angular attitude adjustment (rotation about the X-axis)

[0103] The two groups of front lifting cylinders rise (fall) at low speed, and the two groups of rear lifting cylinders fall (rise) at low speed, causing the lifting crossbeam, support crossbeam, and arch lining to deflect around the spherical hinge on the column, achieving lateral angular attitude adjustment.

[0104] 3) Vertical angular attitude adjustment (rotation about the Z-axis)

[0105] The piston rods of the two groups of front first transverse movement cylinders extend (retract) at low speed, and the piston rods of the two groups of rear first transverse movement cylinders retract (extend) at low speed, causing the arch lining and support crossbeam to rotate around the first sliding tenon between the support crossbeam and the lifting crossbeam, achieving vertical angular attitude adjustment.

[0106] (8) Operate the side installation mechanism to finely position the side lining. The fine positioning can be achieved through the expansion and contraction of the first rotary cylinder, second rotary cylinder, telescopic arm, and second longitudinal movement cylinder, aligning the side lining with the arch lining and the already installed side lining. As Figure 23 shown, at this time, with the arch lining as the reference, referring to the positions of the completed arch lining and side lining, accurately adjust the installation position of the side lining to achieve the goal of precise installation;

[0107] The specific adjustments of the side installation mechanism include:

[0108] 1) Longitudinal attitude adjustment (Y-direction translation)

[0109] The second longitudinal movement cylinder expands and contracts at low speed, causing the side lining and lining support to slide slowly on the through beam, achieving longitudinal attitude adjustment.

[0110] 2) Lateral attitude adjustment (X-direction translation)

[0111] The piston rod of the telescopic arm extends (retracts) slowly at low speed. According to the movement of the side lining, the second rotary oil cylinder is slowly retracted (extended), causing the side lining to move laterally and achieving lateral attitude adjustment.

[0112] 3) Vertical attitude adjustment (translation in the Z direction)

[0113] The piston rod of the second rotary oil cylinder extends (retracts) slowly at low speed. According to the movement of the side lining, the piston rod of the telescopic arm is slowly retracted (extended), causing the lining segment to move in the vertical direction and achieving vertical attitude adjustment.

[0114] 4) Longitudinal angle attitude adjustment (rotation about the Y axis)

[0115] The first rotary oil cylinder extends or retracts slowly at low speed, causing the side lining, lining support, and through beam as a whole to rotate slightly about the hinge axis on the telescopic arm and achieving longitudinal angle attitude adjustment.

[0116] 5) Lateral angle attitude adjustment (rotation about the X axis)

[0117] The piston rod of the second rotary oil cylinder is slowly retracted (extended). According to the movement of the side lining, the piston rod of the front-end telescopic arm oil cylinder is slowly extended (retracted); the middle telescopic arm remains stationary; the piston rod of the rear-end second rotary oil cylinder is slowly extended (retracted). According to the movement of the lining segment, the piston rod of the telescopic arm oil cylinder is slowly retracted (extended), causing the side lining, lining support, and through beam as a whole to rotate slightly laterally about the hinge point of the middle telescopic arm and achieving lateral angle attitude adjustment.

[0118] 6) Vertical angle attitude adjustment (rotation about the Z axis)

[0119] The piston rod of the front-end telescopic arm oil cylinder is slowly extended (retracted). According to the movement of the side lining, the piston rod of the second rotary oil cylinder is slowly retracted (extended); the middle telescopic arm remains stationary; the piston rod of the rear-end telescopic arm oil cylinder is slowly retracted (extended). According to the movement of the side lining, the piston rod of the second rotary oil cylinder is slowly extended (retracted), causing the side lining, lining support, and through beam as a whole to rotate slightly vertically about the hinge point of the middle telescopic arm and achieving vertical angle attitude adjustment.

[0120] (9) Connect the bolts between the side lining and the arch lining, and then pour the wet joint until it reaches equal strength.

[0121] (10) Retract the arch installation mechanism and the side installation mechanism to their original positions, support the traveling mechanism on the ground, as Figure 24 shown, move the transportation and installation integrated machine out of the tunnel to carry out the next cycle of transportation and installation.

Claims

1. Construction process of a tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine, characterized in that It includes the following steps: (1) Splice multiple side lining pieces and arch lining pieces into wholes respectively to obtain 2 sections of side linings and 1 section of arch lining; (2) Lift the side lining and the arch lining and install them on the side installation mechanism and the arch installation mechanism of the transportation and installation integrated machine respectively; (3) Move the transportation and installation integrated machine to the lining installation position in the tunnel; (4) Lift the traveling mechanism of the transportation and installation integrated machine to make it suspended, and make the transportation and installation integrated machine supported on the ground by the whole machine adjustment mechanism; (5) Operate the whole machine adjustment mechanism to preliminarily position and align the longitudinal and transverse centerlines of the transportation and installation integrated machine with the tunnel lining installation position; (6) Operate the arch installation mechanism to raise the arch lining to near the installation height, and at the same time operate the telescopic arm of the side installation mechanism to move the side lining to near the installation position; (7) Operate the arch installation mechanism to finely adjust the position of the arch lining to align the arch lining with the already installed arch lining; (8) Operate the side installation mechanism to finely adjust the position of the side lining to align the side lining with the arch lining and the already installed side lining; (9) Connect the bolts between the side lining and the arch lining, and then pour the wet joint until it reaches the same strength; (10) Retract the arch installation mechanism and the side installation mechanism to their original positions, support the traveling mechanism on the ground, and move the transportation and installation integrated machine out of the tunnel to carry out the transportation and installation of the next cycle.

2. The construction process of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: After step (2) is completed, temporarily fix the side lining and the arch lining to the transportation and installation integrated machine through temporary support rods, and remove the temporary support rods after step (5) is completed. The temporary support rods are connected to the fixing seats on the side lining.

3. The construction process of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), both the side lining and the arch lining are spliced by 6 lining pieces. The side lining and the arch lining are spliced through bolts and connecting pieces, and then a second sliding tenon that is matched and connected with the arch installation mechanism is installed on the arch lining, and a threaded rod and a positioning shaft that are matched and connected with the side installation mechanism are installed on the side lining.

4. The construction process of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), both sections of the side lining are installed under the side of the arch lining.

5. The construction process of the integrated tunneling precast arch wall lining transportation and installation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Make longitudinal centerline marks on the already installed side lining and arch lining, make longitudinal centerline marks on the ground at the installation position that are centered with the already installed arch lining, and make transverse centerline marks of the arch lining to be installed on the ground at the installation position.

6. The construction process of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: Make longitudinal and transverse centerline marks on the arch lining to be installed, and make longitudinal centerline marks on the side lining to be installed.

7. The construction process of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps (6) and (7), the arch installation mechanism installs and positions the arch lining by the telescoping of the lifting oil cylinder, the first transverse movement oil cylinder, and the first longitudinal movement oil cylinder in three planes.

8. The construction process of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: In steps (6) and (8), the side installation mechanism installs and positions the side lining to both sides of the tunnel through the telescoping of the telescopic arm, and then drives the adjustment and positioning of the azimuth of the telescopic arm through the telescoping of the first rotary oil cylinder and the second rotary oil cylinder, so as to position the installation position and angle of the side lining; the side installation mechanism adjusts the longitudinal installation position of the side lining through the telescoping of the second longitudinal movement oil cylinder.

9. The construction process of the tunnel precast arch wall lining transportation and installation integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The whole machine adjustment mechanism in step (5) adjusts the position of the integrated transportation and installation machine through lifting legs, a third transverse shifting oil cylinder and a third longitudinal shifting oil cylinder.

10. The construction process of the integrated tunneling precast arch wall lining transportation and installation machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electro-hydraulic control system is provided on the integrated transportation and installation machine. The electro-hydraulic control system includes a hydraulic drive unit, a hydraulic steering unit, a hydraulic suspension unit, a whole machine hydraulic adjustment unit, an arch hydraulic installation unit and a side hydraulic installation unit, which respectively perform hydraulic control on the traveling mechanism, the whole machine adjustment mechanism, the arch installation mechanism and the side installation mechanism. Driver's cabs are arranged at both the front and rear ends of the integrated transportation and installation machine, and the integrated transportation and installation machine is driven manually to enter and exit the tunnel.

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