Steel column base structure

Abstract

The present invention provides a steel column foot foundation structure for securing the steel column foot of a furnace body. The steel column foot foundation structure comprises a foundation beam and a raft slab. The foundation beam is a frame structure, and the raft slab fills the vacant positions of the foundation beam. The foundation beam is provided with multiple foundation slots, and the steel column foot of the furnace body is inserted into the corresponding foundation slots. The gaps within the foundation slots are reinforced by pouring concrete. This invention solves the technical problem of improving the stability of the steel column foot foundation structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of metallurgy, and further relates to a steel column base foundation structure, in particular to a steel column base foundation structure of a gas-based reaction shaft furnace. Background Art

[0002] In metallurgical direct reduction projects, the steel frame supporting the gas-based reaction shaft furnace is characterized by its large height (approximately 120 meters) and small cross-section (approximately 16 meters by 16 meters). This characteristic shortens the distance between adjacent steel column feet of the steel frame. When the steel frame is subjected to horizontal forces, the steel column feet must withstand enormous horizontal and pull-out forces. Under various load combinations, the steel column feet of each steel frame will generate nearly 1,000 tons of horizontal force, while vertical forces range from tens of thousands of tons of pressure to hundreds of tons of pull-out force. Therefore, in order to improve the load-bearing capacity of the shaft furnace steel frame column feet and ensure the stability of the gas-based reaction shaft furnace, a more stable foundation structure is required for the shaft furnace steel frame column feet.

[0003] With regard to the problem in the related art that the stability of the foundation structure of the column foot of the vertical furnace steel frame needs to be improved, no effective solution has been given so far.

[0004] Therefore, the inventors, relying on their many years of experience and practice in related industries, have proposed a steel column base structure to overcome the defects of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a steel column foot foundation structure, which improves the stability and load-bearing capacity of the foundation structure and meets the load-bearing requirements of the steel column foot of a gas-based reaction shaft furnace.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following scheme:

[0007] The present invention provides a steel column foot foundation structure, which is used to fix the steel column foot of a furnace body. The steel column foot foundation structure includes a foundation beam and a raft plate. The foundation beam is a frame structure. The raft plate fills the vacant position of the foundation beam. The foundation beam is provided with a plurality of foundation slots. The steel column foot of the furnace body is inserted into the foundation slots at corresponding positions, and the gaps in the foundation slots are cast and reinforced.

[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the foundation beam is a rectangular frame, the vacant positions are distributed at least in the middle position, each top corner position and each edge position of the foundation beam, and the raft plate is located at the vacant position and connected to the foundation beam, so that the foundation beam and the raft plate cooperate to form a rectangular plate structure arranged in the horizontal direction.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the raft slab is flush with the bottom of the foundation beam, and the top height of the raft slab is less than the top height of the foundation beam.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the foundation beam and the raft slab are integrally buried below the ground, and the top height of the foundation beam is lower than the height of the ground.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, there are multiple basic slots, and the basic slots are spaced and evenly distributed on the top of the foundation beam.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of first reinforcement members are provided inside the foundation beam and close to the inner wall of the foundation slot.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first reinforcement is annular in structure, and the first reinforcement is embedded in the interior of the foundation beam along the circumference of the foundation slot, and the first reinforcements are spaced apart along the axial direction of the foundation slot.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a shear-resistant mesh is provided inside the foundation beam and close to the inner wall of the foundation slot.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the shear mesh is a mesh cavity dug inside the foundation beam, the mesh cavity is arranged around the foundation slot along the circumference of the foundation slot, and the mesh cavity is poured and reinforced.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of second reinforcement members are provided inside the foundation beam and close to the inner wall of the foundation slot, and a third reinforcement member is connected between each of the second reinforcement members and the steel column foot of the furnace body.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second reinforcement includes a first vertical segment, a second vertical segment and a first horizontal segment, the first vertical segment and the second vertical segment are both arranged vertically, and the two ends of the horizontal segment are respectively connected to the top of the first vertical segment and the top of the second vertical segment.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bottom ends of the first vertical section and the second vertical section are respectively provided with a first bent section and a second bent section in the shape of a barb.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first vertical section, the second vertical section, the first horizontal section, the first bending section and the second bending section are an integrated structure.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the third reinforcement member includes a second horizontal section and a third vertical section, the third vertical section is connected to the outer wall of the steel column foot of the furnace body, one end of the second horizontal section is connected to the top of the third vertical section, and the other end of the second horizontal section is connected to the first horizontal section in the second reinforcement member.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second horizontal section and the third vertical section are an integrated structure.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an annular boss is formed at the top of the foundation beam and close to the foundation slot along the circumference of the foundation slot, and the top of the boss is flush with the ground.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the furnace body is a gas-based reaction shaft furnace.

[0024] As described above, the characteristics and advantages of the steel column foot foundation structure of the present invention are as follows: a plurality of foundation slots are provided on the foundation beam, the steel column feet of the furnace body are inserted into the foundation slots at the corresponding positions, and the gaps in the foundation slots are cast and reinforced to ensure a stable connection between the steel column feet and the foundation beam. The provision of the foundation beam can effectively share the horizontal force generated at the steel column foot position when the furnace body is subjected to stress, thereby enhancing the pull-out resistance of the foundation slots and thereby improving the stress-bearing capacity of the steel column foot foundation structure. In addition, since the vacant positions of the foundation beam are filled with raft slabs, the raft slabs and the foundation beams form a whole, effectively improving the overall stability of the steel column foot foundation structure and significantly improving the foundation structure's shear resistance and bending resistance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0026] in:

[0027] Figure 1 : It is a top view of the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 : It is a schematic diagram of the position between the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention and the ground.

[0029] Figure 3 : It is a front cross-sectional view of the position of the foundation slot in the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 4 : It is a structural schematic diagram of the second reinforcement member in the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 5 : It is a structural schematic diagram of the third reinforcement member in the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 6 : This is one of the top cross-sectional views of the foundation slot position in the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 7 : This is the second top cross-sectional view of the position of the foundation slot in the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 8 : This is one of the top views of the foundation slot position in the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 9 : This is the second top view of the position of the foundation slot in the steel column base foundation structure of the present invention.

[0036] The accompanying drawings in the present invention are:

[0037] 1. Foundation beam; 2. Raft slab;

[0038] 3. Basic slot; 4. Ground;

[0039] 5. First reinforcement; 6. Shear mesh;

[0040] 7. Second reinforcement member; 701. First vertical section;

[0041] 702, second vertical section; 703, first bending section;

[0042] 704, second bending section; 705, first horizontal section;

[0043] 8. Third reinforcement member; 801. Second horizontal section;

[0044] 802, third vertical section; 9, boss;

[0045] 10. Steel column base. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] In order to have a clearer understanding of the technical features, purposes and effects of the present invention, specific embodiments of the present invention are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0047] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, the present invention provides a steel column base foundation structure, which is used to fix the steel column base 10 of the furnace body. The steel column base foundation structure includes a foundation beam 1 and a raft 2. The foundation beam 1 is a frame structure, and the raft 2 fills the vacant position of the foundation beam 1. A plurality of foundation slots 3 are opened on the foundation beam 1. The steel column base 10 of the furnace body is inserted into the foundation slots 3 at the corresponding positions, and concrete is poured in the gaps in the foundation slots 3 for reinforcement.

[0048] The present invention provides a plurality of foundation slots 3 on the foundation beam 1, inserts the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body into the foundation slots 3 at the corresponding positions, and casts and reinforces the gaps in the foundation slots 3 to ensure a stable connection between the steel column foot 10 and the foundation beam 1. The arrangement of the foundation beam 1 can effectively share the horizontal force generated at the steel column foot position when the furnace body is subjected to stress, thereby enhancing the pull-out resistance of the foundation slot 3 and thereby improving the stress-bearing capacity of the steel column foot foundation structure. In addition, since the vacant positions of the foundation beam 1 are filled with a raft slab 2, the raft slab 2 and the foundation beam 1 form a whole, effectively improving the overall stability of the steel column foot foundation structure and significantly improving the foundation structure's anti-shearing and anti-bending capabilities.

[0049] In the present invention, the furnace body may be, but is not limited to, a gas-based reaction shaft furnace.

[0050] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the foundation beam 1 is a rectangular frame arranged in the horizontal direction (i.e., a "well"-shaped structure), and the vacant positions are distributed in at least one of the middle position, each vertex position, and each edge position of the foundation beam 1. The raft 2 is located in the vacant position and is welded to the foundation beam 1. The foundation beam 1 and the raft 2 cooperate to form a rectangular plate-like structure arranged in the horizontal direction (i.e., there is no vacant position on the foundation beam 1).

[0051] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 、 Figure 3 As shown, the raft 2 is formed by pouring concrete in the vacant position of the foundation beam 1. The foundation beam 1 and the raft 2 are buried integrally below the ground 4. The bottom of the raft 2 is flush with the bottom of the foundation beam 1, and the top height of the raft 2 is less than the top height of the foundation beam 1. The setting of the height difference between the top of the raft 2 and the top of the foundation beam 1 can not only save the amount of concrete pouring, but also facilitate the layout of pipelines at this position.

[0052] Furthermore, the top height of the foundation beam 1 is lower than the height of the ground 4 to prevent the foundation beam 1 from being exposed above the ground 4 after construction is completed. The height difference between the top of the raft 2 and the ground 4 may be, but is not limited to, 1.5 m, and the height difference between the top of the foundation beam 1 and the ground 4 may be, but is not limited to, 0.3 m.

[0053] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, there are multiple basic slots 3, each of which is spaced and evenly distributed on the top of the foundation beam 1. The number and specific location of the basic slots 3 can be set according to the shape of the foundation beam 1 and the position of the steel column feet 10 of the furnace body. While ensuring that the location of each basic slot 3 is opposite to the steel column feet 10 of the furnace body, the basic slots 3 are arranged as evenly as possible on the top of the foundation beam 1 to ensure that the foundation beam 1 can be evenly stressed as a whole.

[0054] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, since the foundation beam 1 is a rectangular frame arranged in the horizontal direction, eight foundation slots 3 can be set, of which four foundation slots 3 are located at the four corners of the foundation beam 1, and the other four foundation slots 3 are located in the middle of the four sides of the foundation beam 1 to ensure that the foundation beam 1 can be uniformly stressed as a whole. Figures 6 to 9 As shown, for the foundation beam 1 of the rectangular frame, two different sizes of foundation slots 3 can be set. The cross-sectional area of ​​the foundation slots 3 located at the four top corners is larger than the cross-sectional area of ​​the foundation slots 3 located on the four sides, so that the steel column feet 10 in the foundation slots 3 located at the four top corners have a stronger ability to resist horizontal forces, thereby improving the stability of the connection between the steel column feet 10 of the furnace body and the foundation beam 1.

[0055] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of first reinforcement members 5 are provided inside the foundation beam 1 and near the inner wall of the foundation slot 3 to improve the strength of the foundation slot 3 (including the inner wall of the foundation slot 3 and the position near the inner wall of the foundation slot 3), thereby improving the ability of the foundation beam 1 to resist horizontal forces.

[0056] In this embodiment, if Figure 3 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 As shown, the first reinforcement members 5 are annular and pre-buried within the foundation beam 1 along the circumference of the foundation slot 3. The first reinforcement members 5 are spaced and evenly distributed along the axial direction of the foundation slot 3. During the construction of the foundation beam 1, the first reinforcement members 5 can be pre-buried and then secured by pouring concrete, thereby integrating the first reinforcement members 5 with the foundation beam 1.

[0057] Furthermore, the first reinforcement member 5 is formed by bending a whole section of steel bar.

[0058] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7As shown, a shear mesh 6 is provided inside the foundation beam 1 and near the inner wall of the foundation slot 3. The shear mesh 6 is a mesh cavity dug inside the foundation beam 1. The mesh cavity is provided around the foundation slot 3 along the circumference of the foundation slot 3, and the mesh cavity is poured and reinforced. After the steel column foot 10 is inserted into the foundation slot 3, concrete needs to be poured into the mesh cavity so that the concrete fills the mesh cavity. Since the first pouring and forming is required in the process of building the foundation beam 1, and the pouring and filling of the mesh cavity is the second pouring, there is an interlocking relationship between the first poured concrete and the second poured concrete, so that after the mesh cavity is poured and filled with concrete, the corresponding position has better stability and can withstand greater horizontal forces, while increasing the pull-out resistance of the foundation slot 3 and the steel column foot 10.

[0059] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, Figures 3 to 9 As shown, multiple second reinforcements 7 are provided inside the foundation beam 1 and near the inner wall of the foundation slot 3. A third reinforcement 8 is connected between each second reinforcement 7 and the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body. The second reinforcements 7 and the third reinforcements 8 cooperate to connect the foundation beam 1 and the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body. Concrete is then poured at the connection point between the second reinforcements 7 and the third reinforcements 8 to reinforce the connection. This not only improves the stability of the connection between the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body and the foundation beam 1, but also improves the ability of the foundation slot 3 to resist horizontal forces. Of course, the second reinforcements 7 can also be provided only inside the foundation beam 1 and near the inner wall of the foundation slot 3, without connecting the second reinforcements 7 to the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body through the third reinforcements 8. This structure can also improve the ability of the foundation slot 3 to resist horizontal forces. It should be noted that the number and distribution positions of the second reinforcement 7 and the third reinforcement 8 corresponding to each basic slot 3 can be adjusted according to the cross-sectional area of ​​the basic slot 3 and the specific structure of the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body, so as to improve the stability of the connection between the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body and the foundation beam 1, and improve the ability of the basic slot 3 to resist horizontal forces. No limitation is made here.

[0060] Specifically, such as Figures 3 to 9 As shown, the second reinforcement 7 includes a first vertical section 701, a second vertical section 702 and a first horizontal section 705. The first vertical section 701 and the second vertical section 702 are both arranged vertically, and the two ends of the horizontal section 705 are respectively connected to the top of the first vertical section 701 and the top of the second vertical section 702.

[0061] Further, such as Figure 4As shown, the bottom end of the first vertical section 701 is provided with a first bent section 703 in the shape of a barb, and the bottom end of the second vertical section 702 is provided with a second bent section 704 in the shape of a barb. The provision of the first bent section 703 and the second bent section 704 can improve the stability of the second reinforcement member 7 inside the foundation beam 1.

[0062] Further, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first vertical section 701, the second vertical section 702, the first horizontal section 705, the first bent section 703, and the second bent section 704 can be an integral structure. Specifically, the first vertical section 701, the second vertical section 702, the first horizontal section 705, the first bent section 703, and the second bent section 704 can be formed by bending a whole section of steel bars.

[0063] Specifically, such as Figures 3 to 9 As shown, the third reinforcement 8 includes a second horizontal section 801 and a third vertical section 802. The third vertical section 802 is welded to the outer wall of the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body. One end of the second horizontal section 801 is connected to the top of the third vertical section 802, and the other end of the second horizontal section 801 is welded to the first horizontal section 705 in the second reinforcement 7.

[0064] Further, such as Figure 5 As shown, the second horizontal section 801 and the third vertical section 802 can be an integral structure. The second horizontal section 801 and the third vertical section 802 can be formed by bending a whole section of steel bars.

[0065] In an optional embodiment of the present invention, Figure 3 、 Figures 6 to 9 As shown, an annular boss 9 is formed along the circumference of the foundation slot 3 at the top of the foundation beam 1 and near the foundation slot 3. The top of the boss 9 is flush with the ground 4. The first, second, and third reinforcements 5, 7, and 8 are all located within the axial range of the boss 9. This prevents the first, second, and third reinforcements 5, 7, 8, and the steel bars near the foundation slot 3 from colliding with the steel bars at the top of the foundation beam 1 during casting.

[0066] The forming process of the steel column base structure of the present invention is as follows:

[0067] The foundation beam 1 and the raft slab 2 are buried in the ground as a whole, wherein the top of the foundation beam 1 and the top of the raft slab 2 are both located below the ground 4 , and the boss 9 on the top of the foundation beam 1 is flush with the ground 4 . Pour concrete on the inner wall of the foundation slot 3. After the pouring is completed and the concrete solidifies, the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body is inserted into the corresponding foundation slot 3 and aligned. Then the concrete layer on the top of the boss 9 can be removed to expose the top position of the second reinforcement 7 (i.e., the first horizontal section 705 in the second reinforcement 7). Then, the second horizontal section 801 of the third reinforcement 8 is welded to the first horizontal section 705 in the second reinforcement 7, and the third vertical section 802 of the third reinforcement 8 is welded to the outer wall of the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body. In this process, a mesh cavity (i.e., shear mesh 6) is dug at the position close to the inner wall of the foundation slot 3 that has been cast. Finally, the inside of the mesh cavity, the gap of the foundation slot 3 and the top of the boss 9 are poured and filled with grouting material to complete the fixation of the steel column foot foundation structure and the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body.

[0068] The characteristics and advantages of the steel column foot foundation structure of the present invention are:

[0069] 1. In the steel column foot foundation structure, a plurality of foundation slots 3 are opened on the foundation beam 1. The steel column feet 10 of the furnace body are inserted into the foundation slots 3 at the corresponding positions, and the gaps in the foundation slots 3 are poured and reinforced to ensure a stable connection between the steel column feet 10 and the foundation beam 1, thereby enhancing the pull-out resistance of the foundation slots 3. The setting of the foundation beam 1 can effectively share the horizontal force generated at the steel column foot position when the furnace body is subjected to stress, and each steel column foot 10 is subjected to balanced stress, thereby improving the stress-bearing capacity of the steel column foot foundation structure.

[0070] 2. In the steel column foot foundation structure, since the vacant position of the foundation beam 1 is filled with a raft slab 2, the raft slab 2 and the foundation beam 1 form a whole, which effectively improves the overall stability of the steel column foot foundation structure and greatly improves the shear resistance and bending resistance of the foundation structure; precisely because the raft slab 2 and the foundation beam 1 form a whole, while ensuring stability and force-bearing capacity, the thickness of the raft slab 2 can be appropriately reduced, which not only saves the amount of concrete but also facilitates pipeline layout.

[0071] 3. In the steel column foot foundation structure, a shear mesh 6 is provided inside the foundation beam 1 and near the inner wall of the foundation slot 3. The concrete poured in the shear mesh 6 can form an interlocking relationship with the previously poured concrete, so that after the mesh cavity is filled with concrete, the corresponding position has better stability, and the pull-out resistance of the steel column foot 10 after being inserted into the foundation slot 3 is increased.

[0072] 4. In the steel column foot foundation structure, the foundation slot 3 is reinforced by the first reinforcement 5, and the second reinforcement 7 and the third reinforcement 8 cooperate to improve the stability of the connection between the steel column foot 10 of the furnace body and the foundation beam 1, improve the ability of the foundation slot 3 to resist horizontal forces, reduce the upward pull-out force of the steel column foot 10, and increase the pull-out resistance of the steel column foot 10 after being inserted into the foundation slot 3.

[0073] The above description is only an illustrative embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A steel column base structure, which is used to fix the steel column base of the furnace body, characterized in that: The steel column foot foundation structure includes a foundation beam and a raft slab. The foundation beam is a frame structure. The raft slab fills the vacant position of the foundation beam. The foundation beam is provided with a plurality of foundation slots. The steel column foot of the furnace body is inserted into the foundation slots at the corresponding positions. The gaps in the foundation slots are poured and reinforced. A plurality of first reinforcement members are provided inside the foundation beam and close to the inner wall of the foundation slot; A plurality of second reinforcing members are provided inside the foundation beam and near the inner wall of the foundation slot, and a third reinforcing member is connected between each of the second reinforcing members and the steel column foot of the furnace body; The second reinforcement member includes a first vertical section, a second vertical section, and a first horizontal section, wherein the first vertical section and the second vertical section are both arranged vertically, and two ends of the horizontal section are respectively connected to the top of the first vertical section and the top of the second vertical section; The third reinforcing member includes a second horizontal section and a third vertical section, the third vertical section is connected to the outer wall of the steel column foot of the furnace body, one end of the second horizontal section is connected to the top end of the third vertical section, and the other end of the second horizontal section is connected to the first horizontal section of the second reinforcing member; An annular boss is formed at the top of the foundation beam and close to the foundation slot along the circumference of the foundation slot, and the top of the boss is flush with the ground. The setting positions of the first reinforcement, the second reinforcement and the third reinforcement are all located within the setting range of the boss in the axial direction.

2. The steel column base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The foundation beam is a rectangular frame, and the vacant positions are distributed at least in the middle position, each vertex position and each edge position of the foundation beam. The raft plate is located at the vacant position and is connected to the foundation beam, so that the foundation beam and the raft plate cooperate to form a rectangular plate-like structure arranged in the horizontal direction.

3. The steel column base structure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the raft slab is flush with the bottom of the foundation beam, and the top height of the raft slab is less than the top height of the foundation beam.

4. The steel column base structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The foundation beam and the raft slab are integrally buried below the ground, and the top height of the foundation beam is lower than the height of the ground.

5. The steel column base structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: There are multiple basic slots, and the basic slots are spaced apart and evenly distributed on the top of the basic beam.

6. The steel column base structure according to claim 1, wherein: The first reinforcement member is an annular structure, and is pre-buried inside the foundation beam along the circumference of the foundation slot. The first reinforcement members are spaced apart along the axial direction of the foundation slot.

7. The steel column base structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: An anti-shear net is provided inside the foundation beam and close to the inner wall of the foundation slot.

8. The steel column base foundation structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The anti-shear mesh is a mesh cavity dug inside the foundation beam. The mesh cavity is arranged around the foundation slot along the circumference of the foundation slot, and pouring reinforcement is performed in the mesh cavity.

9. The steel column base structure according to claim 1, wherein: The bottom ends of the first vertical section and the second vertical section are respectively provided with a first bent section and a second bent section in a barb shape.

10. The steel column base structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first vertical section, the second vertical section, the first horizontal section, the first bending section and the second bending section are an integrated structure.

11. The steel column base structure according to claim 1, wherein: The second horizontal section and the third vertical section are an integrated structure.

12. The steel column base foundation structure according to claim 1, wherein: The furnace body is a gas-based reaction shaft furnace.

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