Battery smoke absorbing device

Abstract

The application relates to a battery smoke absorption device and relates to the technical field of batteries, which comprises a battery box, a battery pack and an absorption assembly. The harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway can only pass through the through hole when passing through the isolation plate, the harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway is avoided from being directly discharged from the gap layer in the above-mentioned case, and the residence time of the harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway in the flow channel is increased, so that the adsorption layer can be in long-time contact with the harmful smoke and the harmful smoke can be fully absorbed, so that the discharged smoke is almost non-toxic and cannot cause harm to people.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a battery flue gas absorption device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lithium ion batteries have gradually become green energy batteries representing the future development direction due to their excellent performance, and have been widely used in electric vehicles, electric ships, energy storage and other industries. In recent years, China's total shipment of lithium ion power batteries ranks first in the world, and the product level of battery monomers is among the world's top, with a good foundation for large-scale industrial application. When lithium batteries experience thermal runaway, a large amount of flammable and harmful flue gas, including H2, CO, CO2, CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8, HF, etc., will be released. The large amount of flue gas generated by lithium ion battery thermal runaway will not only cause suffocation and death, but also cabin explosion.

[0003] Patent CN112870969A discloses a power lithium battery pack thermal runaway flue gas catalytic purification system. The invention uses adsorbent and catalyst to treat the smoke generated by battery combustion, and converts the toxic smoke into purified flue gas through adsorption and catalytic conversion treatment, and then discharges it into the air, reducing the risk of poisoning of the crew and passengers inhaling toxic smoke, and also reducing the risk of combustion explosion caused by high temperature and high smoke concentration.

[0004] However, the existing flue gas catalytic purification system is prone to failure, cannot fully absorb the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway, and the discharged flue gas still has strong toxicity, which is easy to cause harm to people. Therefore, the present application provides a battery flue gas absorption device. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the status of the prior art, the present application provides a battery flue gas absorption device, which can effectively solve the problem that the flue gas catalytic purification system in the prior art is prone to failure, cannot fully absorb the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway, and the discharged flue gas still has strong toxicity, which is easy to cause harm to people.

[0006] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present application provides a battery flue gas absorption device, comprising:

[0008] A battery box is formed inside the battery box to form an accommodation space, and the accommodation space is connected to a protective liquid.

[0009] A battery pack is provided in the accommodation space, and the battery pack is immersed in the protective liquid.

[0010] The absorption assembly comprises an absorption box, a partition plate and an adsorption layer, the absorption box is internally formed with an absorption channel, one end of the absorption box corresponding to the absorption channel is formed with a first air inlet communicated with the containing space, the other end of the absorption box is formed with a first air outlet for discharging flue gas, the flue gas flows from the first air inlet to the first air outlet in the absorption channel as a first direction, the partition plate is arranged in the absorption channel and can separate the absorption channel into two flow channels distributed in sequence along the first direction, the adsorption layer is filled in the absorption channel, at least one side surface of the partition plate is in vertical contact with the adsorption layer in a longitudinal section perpendicular to the first direction, and the partition plate is provided with a through hole for flue gas to flow from one flow channel to another flow channel.

[0011] Further, the distance between the highest point of the through hole and the inner top surface of the absorption box corresponding to the absorption channel is greater than zero.

[0012] Further, the adsorption layer comprises a first adsorption unit, a second adsorption unit and a third adsorption unit, and the absorption channel is sequentially provided with the first adsorption unit, the second adsorption unit and the third adsorption unit corresponding to the first direction.

[0013] Further, the partition plate is arranged at the boundary between the first adsorption unit and the second adsorption unit.

[0014] Further, the partition plate is arranged at the boundary between the second adsorption unit and the third adsorption unit.

[0015] Further, the first adsorption unit is ion exchange adsorption fiber, the second adsorption unit is super-high cross-linked resin, and the third adsorption unit is activated carbon.

[0016] Further, the absorption assembly further comprises a first one-way valve, the first one-way valve is arranged at the first air inlet of the absorption box and its opening direction is towards the inside of the absorption channel.

[0017] Further, the absorption assembly further comprises a second one-way valve, the second one-way valve is arranged at the first air outlet of the absorption box and its opening direction is towards the outside of the absorption channel.

[0018] Further, the battery pack comprises a support and at least one battery monomer, the support is arranged in the containing space, each battery monomer is provided with a pressure relief valve, and a flow channel for heat runaway flue gas flow is formed between the support and the battery box.

[0019] Further, the absorption device further comprises a purification assembly, the purification assembly comprises a gas conveying pipe, a purification box and a plurality of flue gas absorption layers, one end of the gas conveying pipe is in communication with the first gas outlet, the purification box is internally formed with an accommodating cavity and is provided with a second gas inlet and a second gas outlet which are in communication with the accommodating cavity respectively, and the plurality of flue gas absorption layers are arranged in the accommodating cavity in a spaced manner.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the battery flue gas absorption device has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0021] The absorption box, the isolation plate and the adsorption layer are arranged, the adsorption layer is filled in the absorption channel, the isolation plate is arranged in the absorption channel and can separate the absorption channel into two flow channels which are distributed in the first direction in sequence, at least one side surface of the isolation plate is in conformity with the longitudinal section of the adsorption layer which is perpendicular to the first direction, the isolation plate is provided with a through hole for flue gas to pass from one flow channel to another flow channel, when the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway passes through the isolation plate, the harmful flue gas can only pass through the through hole, the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway is prevented from being directly discharged from the gap layer in the above case, and the residence time of the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway in the flow channel is increased, so that the adsorption layer and the harmful flue gas can be in contact for a long time and the harmful flue gas can be fully absorbed, and the discharged flue gas is almost non-toxic and will not cause harm to people. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural schematic view of an embodiment of the battery flue gas absorption device provided by the present application is shown in the figure.

[0023] Figure 2 A planar structural schematic view of an embodiment of part of the structure of the battery flue gas absorption device provided by the present application is shown in the figure.

[0024] Figure 3 An explosion structural schematic view of an embodiment of the absorption assembly provided by the present application in a state without the adsorption layer is shown in the figure. Figure 1

[0025] Figure 4 An explosion structural schematic view of an embodiment of the absorption assembly provided by the present application in a state with the adsorption layer is shown in the figure. Figure 1

[0026] Figure 5 An explosion structural schematic view of an embodiment of the absorption assembly provided by the present application in a state without the adsorption layer is shown in the figure. Figure 2

[0027] Figure 6 An explosion structural schematic view of an embodiment of the absorption assembly provided by the present application in a state with the adsorption layer is shown in the figure. Figure 2 ;​​​

[0028] Figure 7 The plane structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the purifying assembly provided by the application.

[0029] The figure mark: 1, the battery box; 10, the containing space; 2, the battery group; 21, the support; 210, the flow channel; 22, the battery monomer; 221, the pressure relief valve; 3, the absorption assembly; 31, the absorption box; 310, the absorption channel; 311, the first air inlet; 312, the first air outlet; 32, the isolation plate; 321, the through hole; 33, the adsorption layer; 331, the first adsorption unit; 332, the second adsorption unit; 333, the third adsorption unit; 4, the purifying assembly; 41, the gas conveying pipe; 42, the purifying box; 420, the containing cavity; 421, the second air inlet; 422, the second air outlet; 43, the flue gas absorption layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The preferred embodiments of the application are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this application, and are used to explain the application together with the embodiments of the application, and are not used to limit the application.

[0031] As Figures 1 to 7 shown, a battery flue gas absorption device comprises:

[0032] The battery box 1 is internally formed with a containing space 10, and the containing space 10 is internally filled with a protective liquid.

[0033] The battery group 2 is arranged in the containing space 10, and the battery group 2 is immersed in the protective liquid.

[0034] The absorption assembly 3 comprises an absorption box 31, an isolation plate 32 and an adsorption layer 33, the absorption box 31 is internally formed with an absorption channel 310, one end of the absorption box 31 corresponding to the absorption channel 310 is formed with a first air inlet 311 connected with the containing space 10, and the other end of the absorption box 31 is formed with a first air outlet 312 for discharging flue gas, the flue gas in the absorption channel 310 flows from the first air inlet 311 to the first air outlet 312 as a first direction, the isolation plate 32 is arranged in the absorption channel 310 and can separate the absorption channel 310 into two flow channels distributed in the first direction in sequence, the adsorption layer 33 is filled in the absorption channel 310, at least one side surface of the isolation plate 32 is in contact with the adsorption layer 33 in a longitudinal section perpendicular to the first direction, and the isolation plate 32 is provided with a through hole 321 for the flue gas to flow from one flow channel to another flow channel.

[0035] The existing flue gas catalytic purification system is easily affected by the outside world, and the adsorption layer 33 is prone to position movement, thereby causing gaps in the adsorption layer 33. For example, when the flue gas catalytic purification system is in a vibrating environment for a long time, the adsorption layer 33 is prone to downward deposition, thereby causing gaps in the adsorption layer 33. The harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway can be directly discharged from the gaps, causing the discharged flue gas to still have strong toxicity and easily cause harm to people. In particular, when the adsorption channel in the flue gas catalytic purification system is a horizontal channel, the above situation can be more serious because the adsorption layer 33 deposits downward in the adsorption channel, causing a gap layer to appear at the top of the adsorption channel, and the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway can be discharged from the gap layer. At this time, the adsorption layer 33 has a poorer absorption effect on the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway, causing the discharged flue gas to still have strong toxicity and easily cause harm to people. The battery flue gas absorption device provided by the present application is provided with the absorption box 31, the isolation plate 32 and the adsorption layer 33. The adsorption layer 33 is filled in the absorption channel 310, and the isolation plate 32 is arranged in the absorption channel 310 and can separate the absorption channel 310 into two flow channels distributed in the first direction in sequence. The isolation plate 32 is in contact with the adsorption layer 33 in the longitudinal section perpendicular to the first direction on at least one side. The isolation plate 32 is provided with a through hole 321 for flue gas to pass from one flow channel to another flow channel. When the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway passes through the isolation plate 32, it can only pass through the through hole 321, avoiding the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway from being directly discharged from the gap layer in the above situation. This is conducive to increasing the residence time of the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway in the flow channel, so that the adsorption layer 33 can be in contact with the harmful flue gas for a long time and fully absorb the harmful flue gas, so that the discharged flue gas has almost no toxicity and will not cause harm to people.

[0036] In particular, as shown in Figure 1 In order to prevent the battery flue gas absorption device from being easily disabled, the adsorption channel is preferably a horizontal channel. At this time, at least one isolation plate 32 can be arranged in the adsorption channel in the above installation mode, so that the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway can stay in the adsorption channel for a longer time. When a gap layer appears at the top of the adsorption channel, the isolation plate 32 can block the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway from being directly discharged from the gap layer, so that the adsorption layer 33 can fully absorb the harmful flue gas generated by battery thermal runaway.

[0037] The position, size, shape and number of the through holes 321 can be set according to actual conditions, and the distance between the highest point of the through hole 321 and the inner top surface of the absorption channel 310 corresponding to the absorption box 31 can also be set according to actual conditions. For example, sometimes the application environment of the battery pack 2 is good, and thermal runaway may not occur for many years, but the distance of the gap layer at the top of the absorption channel may be relatively large. In such a scenario, the selected specification of the isolation plate 32 is that the distance between the highest point of the through hole 321 and the inner top surface of the absorption channel 310 corresponding to the absorption box 31 is large, and the specific numerical value of the above distance can be set according to experiments.

[0038] In order to facilitate the full absorption of harmful smoke by the adsorption layer 33, the distance between the highest point of the through hole 321 and the inner top surface of the absorption channel 310 corresponding to the absorption box 31 is greater than zero. At this time, the adsorption channel is preferably a horizontal channel. In actual application, at least one isolation plate 32 can be provided in the adsorption channel according to the above installation method. When a gap layer appears at the top of the adsorption channel, the isolation plate 32 can block the harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway from being directly discharged from the gap layer, so that the harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway can be fully absorbed by the adsorption layer 33.

[0039] In order to facilitate the full absorption of harmful smoke by the adsorption layer 33, the adsorption layer 33 includes a first adsorption unit 331, a second adsorption unit 332 and a third adsorption unit 333, and the absorption channel 310 is provided with the first adsorption unit 331, the second adsorption unit 332 and the third adsorption unit 333 in sequence corresponding to the first direction. Among them, the first adsorption unit 331 and the second adsorption unit 332 are provided with the isolation plate 32 at the boundary, and the second adsorption unit 332 and the third adsorption unit 333 are provided with the isolation plate 32 at the boundary. In particular, the isolation plate 32 can also be directly arranged in the middle of the first adsorption unit 331, dividing the first adsorption unit 331 into two parts. The isolation plate 32 in the above design can play its role, which can make the harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway stay in the adsorption channel for a longer time, and can also block the harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway from being directly discharged from the gap layer, so that the adsorption layer 33 can fully absorb the harmful smoke.

[0040] In order to facilitate the full absorption of harmful smoke by the adsorption layer 33, the first adsorption unit 331 is ion exchange adsorption fiber, the second adsorption unit 332 is super high crosslinked resin, and the third adsorption unit 333 is activated carbon. When the adsorption layer 33 enters the harmful smoke generated by battery thermal runaway, the harmful smoke passes through the first adsorption unit 331, the second adsorption unit 332 and the third adsorption unit 333 in sequence, and the specific adsorption steps are analyzed as follows:

[0041] First step: Since the first adsorption unit 331 is directly in contact with the flue gas, the flue gas has a high concentration and may contain protective liquid medium and solid particles, and needs to cause the smallest pressure drop. Ion exchange adsorption fiber has the following advantages in adsorption separation: (1) The content of alkyl amino (primary, secondary and tertiary amino) in the adsorption fiber is high, and it has high adsorption capacity for acidic flue gas; (2) The fiber has small diameter, high external specific surface area, small pressure drop and fast adsorption speed; (3) The fiber itself has a certain elasticity, and the flow resistance of the adsorbate can be easily controlled during fixed bed adsorption, and it can be made into various shapes and can be applied to various scenes. Therefore, the first adsorption unit 331 can use ion exchange adsorption fiber and be modified with basic groups, and first physically / chemically adsorb CO2 and HF in the acidic flue gas.

[0042] Second step: The super-high cross-linked resin has a super-high specific surface area and a rich pore structure, and at the same time has a similar structure and polarity with hydrocarbon flue gas, so the super-high cross-linked polymer has greater advantages in adsorbing hydrocarbon compounds. Therefore, the active material of the second adsorption unit 332 can use super-high cross-linked resin to adsorb hydrocarbon flue gas.

[0043] Third step: The adsorption of hydrogen on high specific surface area activated carbon is physical adsorption, which is based on physical van der Waals force and is different from chemical adsorption. Physical adsorption does not have the process of chemical bond formation and opening, so its hydrogen adsorption and desorption conditions are mild, the adsorption heat effect is relatively small (4-6 KJ / mol), and the hydrogen adsorption capacity increases rapidly with the decrease of temperature. The temperature of the flue gas in the third step is lower than that in the previous two steps. Therefore, the third adsorption unit 333 can use high specific surface activated carbon or activated carbon fiber to adsorb H2 and CO flue gas.

[0044] The harmful flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway can be fully absorbed by the first adsorption unit 331, the second adsorption unit 332 and the third adsorption unit 333, and the isolation plate 32 is arranged, which can make the harmful flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway stay in the adsorption channel for a longer time, and also can block the harmful flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway from being directly discharged from the gap layer, so that the adsorption layer 33 can more fully absorb the harmful flue gas.

[0045] As a preferred embodiment, the first adsorption unit 331 is ion exchange adsorption fiber, and the filled length thereof is 160 mm, and the density thereof is 0.8 g / cm3; the second adsorption unit 332 is super-high cross-linked resin, and the filled length thereof is 340 mm, and the density thereof is 0.2 g / cm3; and the third adsorption unit 333 is activated carbon, and the filled length thereof is 340 mm, and the density thereof is 0.45 g / cm3. According to the thermal runaway experiment conducted according to the above parameters, it is found that after the harmful smoke in the flue gas is adsorbed by the first adsorption unit 331, the second adsorption unit 332 and the third adsorption unit 333, the content of the harmful smoke in the flue gas is less, and is insufficient to cause harm to people. However, the above parameters in this embodiment only affect part of the parameters of the experiment, and other parameters such as the power of the battery or the volume of the battery box 1 also affect the experimental results. Therefore, this embodiment mainly illustrates that when the first adsorption unit 331, the second adsorption unit 332 and the third adsorption unit 333 are the above three materials, there is a better adsorption effect.

[0046] In order to ensure the activity of the adsorption layer 33, the absorption assembly 3 further comprises a first one-way valve, which is arranged at the first air inlet 311 of the absorption box 31 and has an opening direction towards the inside of the absorption channel 310. The absorption assembly 3 further comprises a second one-way valve, which is arranged at the first air outlet 312 of the absorption box 31 and has an opening direction towards the outside of the absorption channel 310. The opening pressure of the first one-way valve is greater than the working pressure in the battery box 1, so as to avoid that the protective liquid vapor, air and other media enter the absorption channel 310 and are in long-term contact with the adsorption layer 33 under the normal working condition of the battery, so as to cause the absorption sites of the adsorption layer 33 to be occupied and reduce the absorption efficiency of the adsorption layer 33. The threshold value of the second one-way valve can be set according to the actual situation. The second one-way valve can avoid the backflow of the thermal runaway smoke, and can separate the adsorption layer 33 from the external environment under the normal working condition of the battery.

[0047] In order to facilitate the full absorption of the harmful smoke by the adsorption layer 33, the absorption channel 310 is in a U shape, an S shape or a Z shape. Such a design can increase the smoke adsorption path. Of course, the absorption channel 310 can also be in other irregular shapes, as long as the absorption effect on the thermal runaway smoke can be ensured.

[0048] In order to prevent the spread of thermal runaway among the battery monomers 22, the battery pack 2 comprises a support 21 arranged in the containing space 10 and at least one battery monomer 22, each of which is provided with a pressure relief valve 221, and a flow channel 210 is formed between the support 21 and the battery box 1 for the flow of thermal runaway smoke. Since the containing space 10 is filled with protective liquid, the battery monomer 22 that has undergone thermal runaway and the generated thermal runaway smoke can be cooled in situ by the protective liquid, which can reduce the total amount and release rate of thermal runaway smoke by reducing the temperature of the battery monomer 22, and can condense low-boiling-point components in the smoke, such as electrolyte vapor, in situ, thereby preventing the release of low-boiling-point components. In addition, the use of protective liquid can also prevent the spread of thermal runaway among the battery monomers 22, thereby minimizing the number of thermal runaway battery monomers 22 and the source of thermal runaway smoke.

[0049] In order to further purify the air discharged from the absorption assembly 3, the absorption device further comprises a purification assembly 4, which comprises a gas conveying pipe 41, a purification box 42 and a plurality of smoke absorption layers 43, one end of the gas conveying pipe 41 is in communication with the first air outlet 312, the purification box 42 is internally formed with a containing cavity 420 and is provided with a second air inlet 421 and a second air outlet 422 which are respectively in communication with the containing cavity 420, and the plurality of smoke absorption layers 43 are arranged in the containing cavity 420. Among them, the smoke absorption layer 43 can be a catalytic oxidant for catalyzing oxidation of CO and H2, which has the ability to catalyze oxidation of CO and H2 at room temperature. This design makes the discharged smoke neither harmful to people nor polluting to the environment.

[0050] Compared with the prior art, the battery smoke absorption device provided by the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0051] The application sets the absorption box 31, the isolation plate 32 and the adsorption layer 33, the adsorption layer 33 is filled in the absorption channel 310, and the isolation plate 32 is arranged in the absorption channel 310 and can separate the absorption channel 310 into two flow channels which are distributed in the first direction in turn, at least one side of the isolation plate 32 is matched with the adsorption layer 33 in the longitudinal section perpendicular to the first direction, the isolation plate 32 is provided with the through hole 321 for the flue gas to enter from one flow channel to another flow channel, when the harmful flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway passes through the isolation plate 32, it can only pass through the through hole 321, avoiding the harmful flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway directly discharged from the gap layer in the above case, and it is beneficial to increase the residence time of the harmful flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway in the flow channel, so that the adsorption layer 33 and the harmful flue gas can be in contact for a long time and the harmful flue gas can be fully absorbed, so that the discharged flue gas is almost non-toxic and will not harm people.

[0052] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the application, not any form of limitation on the application, any simple modification, equivalent change of the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the application falls within the protection scope of the application.

Claims

1. A battery smoke absorbing device, characterized by, The application relates to a battery box, a battery pack, an absorption assembly and an absorption device. The battery box is internally formed with an accommodating space into which a protective liquid is introduced. The battery pack is arranged in the accommodating space and is immersed in the protective liquid. The absorption assembly comprises an absorption box, a partition plate and an adsorption layer. The absorption box is internally formed with an absorption channel. One end of the absorption channel is formed with a first air inlet connected with the accommodating space. The other end of the absorption channel is formed with a first air outlet for discharging flue gas. The flue gas flows from the first air inlet to the first air outlet in a first direction. The partition plate is arranged in the absorption channel and can separate the absorption channel into two flow channels which are sequentially arranged along the first direction.

2. The battery smoke absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized by The adsorption layer is filled in the absorption channel.

3. The battery smoke absorbing device according to claim 2, characterized by At least one side surface of the partition plate is in vertical contact with the adsorption layer in a longitudinal section perpendicular to the first direction.

4. The battery smoke absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized by The partition plate is provided with a through hole for the flue gas to flow from one flow channel to another flow channel.

5. The battery smoke absorbing device according to claim 4, characterized by The adsorption layer comprises a first adsorption unit, a second adsorption unit and a third adsorption unit.

6. The battery smoke absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized by The first adsorption unit is ion exchange adsorption fiber.

7. The battery smoke absorbing device according to claim 1, characterized by The second adsorption unit is super-high cross-linked resin. The third adsorption unit is active carbon. The distance between the highest point of the through hole and the inner top surface of the absorption box corresponding to the absorption channel is greater than zero. The absorption channel is a horizontal channel. When the harmful flue gas generated by the battery thermal runaway passes through the partition plate, it can only pass through the through hole. The partition plate is arranged at the boundary between the first adsorption unit and the second adsorption unit. The partition plate is arranged at the boundary between the second adsorption unit and the third adsorption unit. The absorption assembly further comprises a first one-way valve. The first one-way valve is arranged at the first air inlet of the absorption box and its opening direction is towards the absorption channel. The absorption assembly further comprises a second one-way valve. The second one-way valve is arranged at the first air outlet of the absorption box and its opening direction is towards the outside of the absorption channel. The battery pack comprises a support and at least one battery cell. The support is arranged in the accommodating space. Each battery cell is provided with a pressure relief valve. The support and the battery box form a flow channel for the flow of thermal runaway flue gas. The absorption device further comprises a purification assembly. The purification assembly comprises a gas conveying pipe, a purification box and a plurality of flue gas absorption layers. One end of the gas conveying pipe is connected with the first air outlet. The purification box is internally formed with an accommodating cavity and is provided with a second air inlet and a second air outlet connected with the accommodating cavity respectively. The plurality of flue gas absorption layers are arranged in the accommodating cavity.

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