A space electron detector

Abstract

The present invention provides a space electron detector comprising a housing, a collimator, and a detector. The collimator is a circular ring structure with two or three layers of collimators coaxially arranged within the housing. Electrons pass through the collimator before reaching the detector. The inner diameter of the collimator decreases as electrons approach the detector. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the collimator's upper surface is larger than that of its lower surface. The present invention utilizes a specially designed collimator structure and dimensions to meet the requirements of a particle spectrometer with a large aperture angle and high geometry factor, thereby improving electron scattering within the detector and enhancing the instrument's measurement accuracy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of interplanetary energy particle spectrometers, and in particular to a space electron detector. Background Art

[0002] The purpose of a space electron detector's collimator is to limit the instrument's detection angle and geometric factor. However, the scattering effect between electrons and collimator materials is severe, and the quality of the collimator's design directly affects the instrument's measurement accuracy. Furthermore, due to the low particle flux in interplanetary space, particle spectrometers must meet the design requirements of large angles and large geometric factors. This, in turn, places demands on the collimator's design. For example, to meet these requirements, the radius of each collimator layer used is a tapered structure that gradually decreases from top to bottom. Furthermore, increasing (decreasing) the collimator's radius will increase (decrease) the instrument's geometric factor. To maintain a roughly constant geometric factor, the collimator spacing must be appropriately increased (decreased). Therefore, designing the collimator structure to meet these requirements while simultaneously improving electron scattering within the detector is a key technical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the present invention proposes a space electron detector comprising a housing, a collimator, and a detector. The collimator is a circular ring structure with two or three layers of collimators coaxially arranged within the housing. Electrons pass through the collimator before reaching the detector, and the inner diameter of the collimator decreases as they approach the detector. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the collimator's upper surface is larger than that of its lower surface, forming a tooth-like structure. This design effectively reduces the scattering number while ensuring that the geometric factor and aperture angle remain nearly unchanged. By specifically designing the collimator's structure and dimensions to meet the large aperture angle and high geometric factor requirements of a particle spectrometer, the present invention improves electron scattering within the detector and enhances the instrument's measurement accuracy.

[0004] To achieve the above and other related objectives, the present invention provides a space electron detector, comprising:

[0005] The outer shell is a cylindrical structure with an upper surface and a lower surface that are connected;

[0006] A first collimator is disposed in the housing, wherein the first collimator extends radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure;

[0007] a second collimator disposed in the housing, the second collimator extending radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure, and arranged coaxially with the first collimator;

[0008] a detector, arranged opposite to the second collimator, so that electrons pass through the first collimator and the second collimator in sequence before reaching the detector;

[0009] The inner diameter of the second collimator is smaller than the inner diameter of the first collimator, and the inner diameter of the upper surface of the circular ring structure is larger than the inner diameter of the lower surface of the circular ring structure.

[0010] Optionally, the thickness of the first collimator and the second collimator are equal, ranging from 1.3 mm to 1.7 mm.

[0011] Optionally, the difference between the inner diameter of the upper surface of the circular ring structure and the inner diameter of the lower surface of the circular ring structure is between 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm.

[0012] Optionally, the inner diameter of the lower surface of the first collimator is between 6.3 mm and 6.7 mm.

[0013] Optionally, the inner diameter of the lower surface of the second collimator is between 5.3 mm and 5.7 mm.

[0014] Optionally, the distance between the second collimator and the detector is between 8.985 mm and 8.615 mm.

[0015] The present invention also provides a space electron detector, comprising:

[0016] The outer shell is a cylindrical structure with an upper surface and a lower surface that are connected;

[0017] A first collimator is disposed in the housing, wherein the first collimator extends radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure;

[0018] a second collimator disposed in the housing, the second collimator extending radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure, and arranged coaxially with the first collimator;

[0019] a third collimator disposed in the housing, the third collimator extending radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure, and arranged coaxially with the first collimator;

[0020] a detector, arranged opposite to the third collimator, so that electrons pass through the first collimator, the second collimator, and the third collimator in sequence before reaching the detector;

[0021] The inner diameter of the third collimator is smaller than that of the second collimator, the inner diameter of the second collimator is smaller than that of the first collimator, and the inner diameter of the upper surface of the annular structure is larger than that of the lower surface of the annular structure.

[0022] Optionally, the thicknesses of the first collimator, the second collimator and the third collimator are equal and range from 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.

[0023] Optionally, the difference between the inner diameter of the upper surface of the circular ring structure and the inner diameter of the lower surface of the circular ring structure is between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm.

[0024] Optionally, the inner diameter of the lower surface of the first collimator is between 6.3 mm and 6.7 mm.

[0025] Optionally, the inner diameter of the lower surface of the second collimator is between 5.8 mm and 6.2 mm.

[0026] Optionally, the inner diameter of the lower surface of the third collimator is between 5.3 mm and 5.7 mm.

[0027] Optionally, the distance between the third collimator and the detector is between 5.99 mm and 6.36 mm.

[0028] The space electron detector of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0029] The space electron detector proposed in this invention comprises a housing, a collimator, and a detector. The collimator is a circular ring structure with two or three layers of collimators coaxially arranged within the housing. Electrons pass through the collimator before reaching the detector, and the inner diameter of the collimator decreases as they approach the detector. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the collimator's upper surface is larger than that of its lower surface, forming a tooth-like structure. This design effectively reduces the scattering number while maintaining nearly unchanged geometric factors and aperture angles. By specifically designing the collimator's structure and dimensions to meet the large aperture angle and geometric factor requirements of a particle spectrometer, the present invention improves electron scattering within the detector and enhances the instrument's measurement accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of the space electron detector provided in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 2 The diagram shows the relationship between the scattering number and the electron energy for collimators of different thicknesses provided in the first embodiment when electrons are incident vertically.

[0032] Figure 3 The diagram shows the relationship between the number of scatterings and the electron energy when the electrons are incident vertically for collimators with different difference values provided in the first embodiment.

[0033] Figure 4 The figure shows the relationship between the electron anisotropic incidence, the scattering number and the electron energy for the collimator with different difference values provided in the first embodiment.

[0034] Figure 5 Shown is a schematic structural diagram of a space electron detector provided in Example 2.

[0035] Figure 6 The diagram shows the relationship between the scattering number and the electron energy for collimators of different thicknesses provided in the second embodiment when electrons are incident vertically.

[0036] Component number description

[0037] 10. Housing

[0038] 11. First Collimator

[0039] 12 Second collimator

[0040] 13 Third Collimator

[0041] 14 Detectors DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] The following describes the embodiments of the present invention through specific examples. Those skilled in the art will readily understand the other advantages and benefits of the present invention from the disclosure herein. The present invention may also be implemented or applied through various other specific embodiments, and the details in this specification may be modified or altered based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in this embodiment only illustrate the basic concept of the present invention in a schematic manner. Although the illustrations only show components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the number, shape and size of components in actual implementation, the form, quantity, positional relationship and proportion of each component in actual implementation can be changed at will under the premise of realizing the technical solution of this party, and the component layout form may also be more complicated.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] This embodiment provides a space electron detector, such as Figure 1 As shown, the optical collimator comprises a housing 10 , a first collimator 11 , a second collimator 12 and a detector 14 .

[0046] like Figure 1 As shown, the housing 10 is formed into a cylindrical structure with the upper surface and the lower surface connected. The first collimator 11 is arranged in the housing 10, and the first collimator 11 extends radially from the inner wall of the housing 10 to form a circular ring structure; the second collimator 12 is also arranged in the housing 10, extending radially from the inner wall of the housing 10 to form a circular ring structure, and is coaxially arranged with the first collimator 11; the detector 14 is arranged opposite to the second collimator 12, so that the electrons pass through the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 in sequence and then reach the detector 14.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, the thickness d of the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 is equal, ranging from 1.3 mm to 1.7 mm, preferably 1.5 mm. Figure 2 The figure shows the characteristics of the variation of the scattering number with the electron energy when the electrons are incident in a direction perpendicular to the detector 14 under different thicknesses d of the collimator. It can be seen from the figure that when the thickness d of the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 is small, the scattering number at the low energy end will be reduced, while the scattering number at the high energy end will be increased. This is because when the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 are thinner, the scattering area is reduced, thereby reducing the scattering number. At the same time, due to the reduction in the thickness of the collimator, the range of the high-energy electrons exceeds the total thickness of the collimator, causing the scattering number at the high energy end to increase. In addition, when the thickness of the collimator is less than the electron range, the scattering number will be greatly improved. For example, when the thickness of the collimator is less than the electron range, the scattering number will be greatly improved. Figure 2 In the embodiment, when the thickness d of the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 is 1 mm, the scattering number increases more sharply when the electron energy is greater than or equal to 800 keV. In this embodiment, the thickness d of the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 is 1.5 mm, and the scattering number of the collimator is more reasonable.

[0048] As an example, the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 are both ring structures, and the inner diameter of the second collimator 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first collimator 11. Figure 1 As shown, the inner diameter r1' of the lower surface of the first collimator 11 is between 6.3 mm and 6.7 mm, preferably 6.5 mm; the inner diameter r2' of the lower surface of the second collimator 12 is between 5.3 mm and 5.7 mm, preferably 5.5 mm, and the distance h1 between the second collimator 12 and the detector 14 is between 8.985 mm and 8.615 mm to reduce the number of electron scattering.

[0049] As an example, the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 are both circular structures, and the inner diameter of the upper surface of the circular structure is greater than the inner diameter of the lower surface of the circular structure. In this embodiment, the difference △r between the inner diameter r1' of the lower surface of the first collimator 11 and the inner diameter r1 of the upper surface is equal to the difference △r between the inner diameter r2' of the lower surface of the second collimator 12 and the inner diameter r2 of the upper surface, both of which are between 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm, preferably 0.7 mm. Figure 3 The figure shows the characteristics of the change of the scattering number with the electron energy when the electron is incident in a direction perpendicular to the detector 14 under different difference values △r. It can be seen from the figure that the larger the difference △r is, the smaller the scattering number at the low energy end and the larger the scattering number at the high energy end. For example, when the difference △r is 1mm, the scattering number at the high energy end is higher. In this embodiment, when the difference △r is 0.7mm, the scattering number of the collimator is more reasonable.

[0050] Figure 4 The figure shows the characteristics of how the scattering number changes with the electron energy when the thickness d of the first collimator 11 and the second collimator 12 is 1.5 mm, and the electrons are isotropically incident on the surface of the detector 14, and the difference △r is 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm respectively. It can be seen from the figure that for the detector with a difference △r of 0.3 mm, the scattering number at the high energy end is less than that of the detector with a difference △r of 0.7 mm, and the scattering number at the low energy end is more. Since there are more low-energy particles, the difference △r is preferably 0.7 mm.

[0051] The space electron detector provided in this embodiment includes a housing, a collimator, and a detector. The collimator is a circular ring structure with two layers of collimators coaxially arranged within the housing. Electrons pass through the collimator before reaching the detector. The inner diameter of the collimator decreases as the electron approaches the detector. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the collimator's upper surface is larger than that of its lower surface. The collimator's structure and dimensions are specially designed to meet the requirements of a particle spectrometer with a large aperture angle and high geometry factor, thereby improving electron scattering within the detector and enhancing the instrument's measurement accuracy.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] This embodiment provides a space electron detector, such as Figure 5 As shown, the optical collimator comprises a housing 10 , a first collimator 11 , a second collimator 12 , a third collimator 13 and a detector 14 .

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the shell 10 is surrounded by a cylindrical structure with the upper surface and the lower surface connected. The first collimator 11 is arranged in the shell 10, and the first collimator 11 extends radially from the inner wall of the shell 10 to form a circular ring structure; the second collimator 12 is also arranged in the shell 10, extending radially from the inner wall of the shell 10 to form a circular ring structure, and is coaxially arranged with the first collimator 11; the third collimator 13 is also arranged in the shell 10, extending radially from the inner wall of the shell 10 to form a circular ring structure, and is coaxially arranged with the first collimator 11; the detector 14 is arranged opposite to the third collimator 13, so that the electrons pass through the first collimator 11, the second collimator 12, and the third collimator 13 in sequence and then reach the detector 14.

[0055] like Figure 5 As shown, the thickness d of the first collimator 11 , the second collimator 12 and the third collimator 13 are equal, ranging from 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm, and preferably 1 mm. Figure 6The figure shows the characteristics of the scattering number varying with electron energy when electrons are incident perpendicular to the detector 14 at different collimator thicknesses d. As can be seen from the figure, when the collimator thickness d is smaller, the scattering number at the low-energy end is reduced, while the scattering number at the high-energy end is increased. This is because when the collimator is thinner, electrons are more likely to be incident on the non-inner surface portion of the collimator, that is, they are more likely to hit the upper surface of each layer of the collimator. Generally speaking, these electrons need to pass through at least one entire layer of collimator before entering the detector, which greatly reduces the probability of these electrons being scattered and entering the detector, thereby reducing the overall scattering number of electrons. At the same time, as the thickness of the collimator is reduced, the range of high-energy electrons exceeds the total thickness of the collimator, causing the scattering number at the high-energy end to increase. In this embodiment, the thickness d of the first collimator 11, the second collimator 12, and the third collimator 13 is 1 mm, resulting in a more reasonable scattering number.

[0056] As an example, the first collimator 11, the second collimator 12 and the third collimator 13 are all ring structures, and the inner diameter of the third collimator 13 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second collimator 12, and the inner diameter of the second collimator 12 is smaller than the inner diameter of the first collimator 11. Figure 5 As shown, the inner diameter r1' of the lower surface of the first collimator 11 is between 6.3 mm and 6.7 mm, preferably 6.5 mm; the inner diameter r2' of the lower surface of the second collimator 12 is between 5.8 mm and 6.2 mm, preferably 6 mm; the inner diameter r3' of the lower surface of the third collimator 13 is between 5.3 mm and 5.7 mm, preferably 5.5 mm, and the distance h2 between the third collimator 13 and the detector 14 is between 8.985 mm and 8.615 mm to reduce the number of electron scattering.

[0057] like Figure 5 As shown, the first collimator 11, the second collimator 12 and the third collimator 13 are all annular structures, and the inner diameter of the upper surface of the annular structure is greater than the inner diameter of the lower surface of the annular structure. In this embodiment, the difference △r between the inner diameter r1' of the lower surface of the first collimator 11 and the inner diameter r1 of the upper surface, the difference △r between the inner diameter r2' of the lower surface of the second collimator 12 and the inner diameter r2 of the upper surface, and the difference △r between the inner diameter r3' of the lower surface of the third collimator 13 and the inner diameter r3 of the upper surface are equal, all ranging from 0.4 mm to 0.6 mm, preferably 0.5 mm. Figure 3As shown, when the detector includes only two layers of collimators, electrons are perpendicularly incident on the surface of the detector 14. To obtain a more reasonable scattering number, the difference Δr is preferably 0.7 mm, and the inclination angle θ1 of the collimator inner wall is equal to acrtan(d / Δr). The detector in this embodiment includes three layers of collimators. To obtain a more reasonable scattering number when electrons are perpendicularly incident on the surface of the detector 14, the inclination angle θ2 of the collimator inner wall in this embodiment should be similar to θ1 in the first embodiment. Therefore, calculation shows that in this embodiment, the difference Δr is preferably 0.5 mm.

[0058] For the case where electrons are incident on the surface of the detector 14 in an isotropic manner, refer to Figure 4 As shown, when the detector includes only two layers of collimators, to obtain a more reasonable scattering number, the difference Δr is preferably 0.7 mm, and the inclination angle θ1 of the collimator inner wall is equal to acrtan(d / Δr). The detector in this embodiment includes three layers of collimators. To obtain a more reasonable scattering number when electrons are isotropically incident on the surface of the detector 14, the inclination angle θ2 of the collimator inner wall in this embodiment should be similar to θ1 in the first embodiment. Therefore, calculation shows that in this embodiment, the difference Δr is preferably 0.5 mm.

[0059] The space electron detector provided in this embodiment includes a housing, a collimator, and a detector. The collimator is a circular ring structure with three layers of collimators coaxially arranged within the housing. Electrons pass through the collimator before reaching the detector. The inner diameter of the collimator decreases as electrons approach the detector. Furthermore, the inner diameter of the collimator's upper surface is larger than that of its lower surface. The collimator's structure and dimensions are specially designed to meet the requirements of a particle spectrometer with a large aperture angle and high geometry factor, thereby improving electron scattering within the detector and enhancing the instrument's measurement accuracy.

[0060] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Anyone skilled in the art may modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and technical principles disclosed herein are intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A space electron detector, characterized in that: include: The outer shell is a cylindrical structure with an upper surface and a lower surface that are connected; A first collimator is disposed in the housing, wherein the first collimator extends radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure; a second collimator disposed in the housing, the second collimator extending radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure, and arranged coaxially with the first collimator; a detector, arranged opposite to the second collimator, so that electrons pass through the first collimator and the second collimator in sequence before reaching the detector; The inner diameter of the second collimator is smaller than the inner diameter of the first collimator, and the inner diameter of the upper surface of the circular ring structure is larger than the inner diameter of the lower surface of the circular ring structure.

2. The space electron detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the first collimator and the second collimator are equal and range from 1.3 mm to 1.7 mm.

3. The space electron detector according to claim 1, characterized in that: The difference between the inner diameter of the upper surface of the circular ring structure and the inner diameter of the lower surface of the circular ring structure is between 0.6 mm and 0.8 mm.

4. The space electron detector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the lower surface of the first collimator is between 6.3 mm and 6.7 mm.

5. The space electron detector according to claim 3, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the lower surface of the second collimator is between 5.3 mm and 5.7 mm.

6. The space electron detector according to claim 5, characterized in that: The distance between the second collimator and the detector is between 8.985 mm and 8.615 mm.

7. A space electron detector, characterized in that: include: The outer shell is a cylindrical structure with an upper surface and a lower surface that are connected; A first collimator is disposed in the housing, wherein the first collimator extends radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure; a second collimator disposed in the housing, the second collimator extending radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure, and arranged coaxially with the first collimator; a third collimator disposed in the housing, the third collimator extending radially from the inner wall of the housing to form a circular ring structure, and arranged coaxially with the first collimator; a detector, arranged opposite to the third collimator, so that electrons pass through the first collimator, the second collimator, and the third collimator in sequence before reaching the detector; The inner diameter of the third collimator is smaller than that of the second collimator, the inner diameter of the second collimator is smaller than that of the first collimator, and the inner diameter of the upper surface of the annular structure is larger than that of the lower surface of the annular structure.

8. The space electron detector according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thicknesses of the first collimator, the second collimator and the third collimator are equal and range from 0.8 mm to 1.2 mm.

9. The space electron detector according to claim 7, characterized in that: The difference between the inner diameter of the upper surface of the circular ring structure and the inner diameter of the lower surface of the circular ring structure is between 0.4 mm and 0.6 mm.

10. The space electron detector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the lower surface of the first collimator is between 6.3 mm and 6.7 mm.

11. The space electron detector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the lower surface of the second collimator is between 5.8 mm and 6.2 mm.

12. The space electron detector according to claim 9, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the lower surface of the third collimator is between 5.3 mm and 5.7 mm.

13. The space electron detector according to claim 12, characterized in that: The distance between the third collimator and the detector is between 5.99 mm and 6.36 mm.

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