Multi-arm anchor digging machine and its digging anchor protection method

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-arm excavating and anchoring machine and an excavating and anchoring method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: the excavating and anchoring machine walks in a formed roadway, and a cutting part at the front of the excavating and anchoring machine cuts a working face to be mined until the roadway reaches a predetermined depth; after the roadway is excavated to the predetermined depth, the roof and the sidewall of the roadway are simultaneously supported and anchored by one-row support or two-row support. The excavating and anchoring method can realize continuous operation of excavating and anchoring during the construction of the roadway, and the excavating and anchoring machine does not need to retreat; after the roadway is excavated, the anchoring of roof anchor rods, corner anchor rods and sidewall anchor rods can be simultaneously realized by the actions of the anchoring part without moving the excavating and anchoring machine, so that the anchoring efficiency and the excavating speed are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of engineering machinery, in particular to a multi-arm excavating and anchoring machine for coal mines and an excavating and anchoring method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] The excavating and anchoring integrated machine is a fully-mechanized excavating and anchoring device, which realizes mechanized operation of anchoring and supporting, effectively shortens the auxiliary time of anchoring and supporting, greatly improves the excavating speed, reduces the working strength of operators, and increases the safety of roadway mining.

[0003] In recent years, coal machine manufacturers of all sizes across the country and even the world have been investing in excavating and anchoring machine research and development teams. At present, the excavating and anchoring machines used in China mainly include two-side excavating and anchoring machines, gantry excavating and anchoring integrated machines, and continuous anchoring machines.

[0004] The two-side excavating and anchoring machine is mainly based on an existing excavating machine as a platform, and uses the cutting part of the excavating machine to complete the connection between the anchoring part and the excavating machine by replacing the cutting part, the rotary table, and the cutting lifting cylinder pin shaft. The anchoring machine needs to adjust the up-down and left-right positions with the help of the cutting part during the working of the anchoring machine, and the anchoring work is completed by the self-swinging rotation and other actions. Therefore, the whole machine structure is simple, the idea is simple, and it is easy to realize. However, the overall width of the cutting part is increased, and the excavating machine is prone to interference with the side wall during the working of the excavating machine. The specific defects are that the anchoring machine is prone to damage by scraping the wall; the cutting part cannot be placed on the ground during the working of the anchoring machine, which does not meet the safety requirements; the empty top distance is large, at least one row of anchor rods is empty; the anchoring positioning efficiency is low; and the adaptability range is narrow.

[0005] The gantry excavating and anchoring integrated machine is a structure in which the anchoring part is positioned and installed on both sides of the traveling part. The anchoring part is parked above and on both sides of the rotary table during the working of the excavating machine. The gantry is pushed to the front end of the device by using the two-side double-stage telescopic main arm during the working. The gantry can be adjusted in height according to the height of the roadway, and the anchoring machine can be adjusted in left-right direction on the gantry, as well as in front-back swinging, left-right rotation, and other functions, so as to complete the temporary support and anchoring support, overcome some deficiencies of the two-side excavating and anchoring machine, solve the scraping wall phenomenon, place the cutting head on the ground, increase the temporary support area, improve the anchoring positioning efficiency, and basically realize zero empty top distance. However, there are still some problems, such as blocking the cutting operation view, and problems in the arrangement of the pipeline with a large telescopic distance of the main arm. At present, it is still in the stage of industrial test and has not been widely used.

[0006] The continuous mining and anchoring machine is based on the continuous mining machine, and the anchor rod drilling machine is integrated on the machine. Theoretically, the cutting and supporting operations can be simultaneously performed, so that the working efficiency is improved. However, the working position of the anchor rod drilling machine is far away from the front end of the equipment, and the machine body is large, so the machine is only suitable for the working conditions that the roof clearance is large, the roadway size is large, and the coal and rock hardness is small. Most of the domestic coal mines cannot meet the conditions. From the application practice, the machine has high efficiency when it works normally. However, the equipment is too complex, and most of the equipment is imported, so the price is high. A large amount of manpower and time is required for disassembly, assembly and debugging of the equipment in the underground mine. In summary, the cost performance of the machine is not high, so the market share is small. SUMMARY

[0007] The present application aims to solve the above problems, and provides a multi-arm mining and anchoring machine and a mining and anchoring method thereof. When the roadway is excavated, the mining and anchoring machine can realize continuous mining and anchoring operations, and does not need to retreat after mining. The anchoring of the roof anchor rod, the corner anchor rod and the side anchor rod can be realized by the actions of the anchoring part without moving the mining and anchoring machine.

[0008] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present application, one aspect of the present application provides a mining and anchoring method of a multi-arm mining and anchoring machine, which comprises the following steps.

[0009] The mining and anchoring machine walks in the formed roadway, and cuts the working face to be mined through the cutting part at the front part of the mining and anchoring machine until the roadway reaches the predetermined depth.

[0010] After the roadway is excavated to the predetermined depth, the roof and the sidewall of the roadway are simultaneously supported and anchored by the one-row and one-support method or the two-row and one-support method.

[0011] The method of simultaneously supporting and anchoring the roof and the sidewall of the roadway by the one-row and one-support method or the two-row and one-support method comprises the following steps.

[0012] After the roadway is excavated to the predetermined depth, the cutting part stops cutting the working face to be mined every time the mining and anchoring machine advances by the predetermined depth.

[0013] After the cutting part stops cutting the working face to be mined, the temporary supporting mechanism of the mining and anchoring machine supports the roadway, including supporting the roof, laying the mesh and laying the steel belt.

[0014] Further, the method of simultaneously supporting and anchoring the roof and the sidewall of the roadway by the one-row and one-support method or the two-row and one-support method further comprises the following steps.

[0015] After the temporary supporting mechanism of the mining and anchoring machine supports the roadway, including supporting the roof, laying the mesh and laying the steel belt, the first anchoring mechanism of the mining and anchoring machine simultaneously supports the roof and the sidewall of the part of the roadway with the first distance from the front section of the roadway.

[0016] Further, the method of simultaneously supporting and anchoring the roof and the sidewall of the roadway by one row of support or two rows of support further comprises the following steps:

[0017] Simultaneously, the first anchoring mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine anchors the roof and the sidewall, and the second anchoring mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine anchors the sidewall of the part of the roadway at the second distance from the front section of the roadway.

[0018] In addition, the application further provides a multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine for the above method, comprising a tunneling and anchoring machine body having a body part, a walking part, a cutting part, and a rear support part, and further comprising: a first anchoring mechanism arranged above the body part and capable of simultaneously anchoring the roof and the sidewall of the roadway formed after the cutting part is tunneling; and a second anchoring mechanism arranged behind the rear support part and capable of working simultaneously with the first anchoring mechanism to anchor the sidewall of the roadway formed after the cutting part is tunneling.

[0019] The body part is provided with an anchor rod device platform, and the first anchoring mechanism is arranged on the anchor rod device platform and can slide relative to the anchor rod device platform.

[0020] The first anchoring mechanism comprises: a front roof anchor rod mechanism for anchoring the roof; a front sidewall anchor rod mechanism located behind the front roof anchor rod mechanism and used for anchoring the sidewall; and a rear roof anchor rod mechanism located behind the front sidewall anchor rod mechanism and used for simultaneously anchoring the roof and the roadway.

[0021] The second anchoring mechanism is a rear sidewall anchor rod mechanism arranged behind the rear support part and used for anchoring the sidewall.

[0022] Further, a temporary support mechanism fixed above the cutting part is further included, which is used for temporarily supporting the roof of the roadway and supporting the anchor net and the steel belt on the roof of the roadway.

[0023] Preferably, an operation table in sliding connection with the anchor rod device platform is arranged on the anchor rod device platform, and the first anchoring mechanism is arranged on the operation table.

[0024] Further, a hydraulic system arranged on the rear support part is further included, which is used for providing power for the first anchoring mechanism and the second anchoring mechanism to simultaneously work.

[0025] Preferably, the front roof anchor rod mechanism is located on the front side of the operation table.

[0026] Preferably, the front sidewall anchor rod mechanism is located above the operation table.

[0027] Preferably, the rear roof anchor rod mechanism is located on the rear side of the operation table.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine and the tunneling and anchoring method thereof have the following advantages:

[0029] The multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine and the tunneling and anchoring method thereof have the following advantages: when the cutting part is working, the anchoring mechanism can be retracted on both sides of the body part and above the walking part, without affecting the rotation of the cutting part, so as to not affect the cutting operation of the tunneling and anchoring machine; when the cutting part is not working, the anchoring mechanism can be quickly deployed and simultaneously anchor the roof and the sidewall of the tunnel, so as to meet the needs of tunneling, temporary support and anchoring of the tunneling and anchoring machine, realize the quick switching of tunneling and support work, reduce the labor intensity, and improve the work efficiency of tunneling.

[0030] The application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 is the front view of the multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine in the tunneling operation of the embodiment of the application;

[0032] Figure 2 is the front view of each anchoring mechanism of the multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine in the anchoring operation of the embodiment of the application;

[0033] Figure 3 is the top view of each anchoring mechanism of the multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine in the anchoring operation of the embodiment of the application;

[0034] Figure 4 is the front view of the first anchoring mechanism in the working state and adjusted to each angle of the embodiment of the application;

[0035] Figure 5 is the top view of the first anchoring mechanism in the working state and adjusted to each angle of the embodiment of the application;

[0036] Figure 6 is the structural schematic view of the second anchoring mechanism of the embodiment of the application;

[0037] Figure 7 is the front view of the temporary support mechanism in the working state of the embodiment of the application;

[0038] Figure 8 is the left view of the temporary support mechanism in the working state of the embodiment of the application;

[0039] Figure 9 is the front view of the on-board anchoring mechanism of the embodiment of the application;

[0040] Figure 10 is the top view of the on-board anchoring mechanism of the embodiment of the application;

[0041] Figure 11 is the flow chart of the tunneling and anchoring method of the multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine of the application;

[0042] Figure 12 is the anchoring work site view of the working of each anchoring process when the tunneling and anchoring method of the application is used. Detailed Implementation

[0043] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the multi-arm roadheader provided by the present invention during tunneling operations. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The diagram shown is a structural schematic of the multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine during anchoring operations according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 1-3 As can be seen, the multi-arm roadheader of the present invention includes: a roadheader body 1, having a roadheader body 11, a traveling part 10 installed below the body 11 for moving the body 11, and a cutting part 9 installed in front of the body 11 for performing roadheading work; a first anchoring mechanism disposed on both sides of the body 11 and above the traveling part 10 for simultaneously providing top and side anchoring protection to the roadway formed after the cutting part is excavated; and a second anchoring mechanism disposed behind the rear support part 12 of the body 11 for simultaneously working with the first anchoring mechanism to provide side anchoring protection to the roadway formed after the cutting part is excavated.

[0044] It should be noted that in the description of this invention, the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the elements referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figures 1-5 As shown, the multi-arm roadheader of this invention includes: a roadheader body 1, having a roadheader body 11, a traveling part 10 installed below the body 11 for moving the body 11, a cutting part 9 installed in front of the body 11 for roadheading, and a rear support part 12 installed behind the body 11; a first anchoring mechanism provided on the body 11, including: an anchor bolt device platform 28 provided on the body 11 and having portions located on both sides of the body 11 and above the traveling part 10; an operating platform 44 provided on the anchor bolt device platform 28; and the following mechanisms provided on both sides of the operating platform 44: a mechanism for anchoring the roadway roof. The system includes: a front top anchor bolt mechanism 3; a pair of front side anchor bolt mechanisms 4 located behind the pair of front top anchor bolt mechanisms 3 for anchoring the roadway side; a pair of rear top anchor bolt mechanisms 5 located behind the pair of front side anchor bolt mechanisms 4 for simultaneously anchoring the roadway roof and roadway; a second anchoring mechanism located behind the rear support part 12, namely, a pair of rear side anchor bolt mechanisms 8 located on both sides behind the rear support part 12 for anchoring the roadway side; a temporary support mechanism 2 located above the cutting part 9; a hydraulic system 6 located on the rear support part 12 for providing power for the simultaneous anchoring work of the first and second anchoring mechanisms; and an electrical system 7 for controlling the actions of each mechanism.

[0046] The multi-arm excavating and anchoring machine of the present application, after the cutting head falls to the ground, the temporary support mechanism 2 is raised and unfolded in front of the body, supported to the roadway roof, the first anchor rod mechanism is extended to the front end under the drive of the frame telescopic oil cylinder and the motor driven gear rack, a pair of front top anchor rod drills anchor the first row of top anchor rods, a pair of front side anchor rod drills anchor the one or more rows of side anchor rods, a pair of rear top anchor rod drills anchor the five or more rows of top anchor rods or anchor cables, and a pair of rear side anchor rod drills drill the last side anchor rod. When the cutting head is working, the first anchor support mechanism can be retracted above the two walking parts of the body part, without affecting the rotation of the cutting part, so as to not affect the cutting operation of the excavating and anchoring machine. The above-mentioned support mechanism and anchor support mechanism can meet the needs of excavating, temporary support and anchor rod drilling of the excavating and anchoring machine, realize the quick switching of excavating and supporting work, reduce the labor intensity, and improve the working efficiency of roadway excavation.

[0047] The anchor rod device platform 28 is installed on the both sides of the body part 11 and above the walking part 10, the frame telescopic oil cylinder 27 is installed above the anchor rod device platform 28, the axial direction of the piston rod of the frame telescopic oil cylinder 27 is consistent with the length extension direction of the anchor rod device platform 28, that is, the length extension direction of the body of the excavating and anchoring machine or the walking direction of the excavating and anchoring machine, and the extension end of the piston rod is connected with the front frame 26. The extension and retraction movement of the piston rod of the frame telescopic oil cylinder 27 drives the front frame 26 to move reciprocally above the anchor rod device platform 28.

[0048] The operation table 44 and the operation table walking rack 25 are installed above the front frame 26, the operation table walking motor 24 is installed on the operation table 44, the gear meshed and connected with the operation table walking rack 25 is installed on the output shaft of the operation table walking motor 24. The operation table walking motor 24 can drive the operation table 44 to walk along the operation table walking rack 25, so as to drive the first anchor support mechanism connected with the operation table 44 to extend to the front end of the anchor rod device platform 28, that is, the front end of the body part 11, along with the movement of the operation table 44 and / or the front frame 26.

[0049] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 The front top anchor rod mechanism 3 of the present embodiment includes the front top anchor rod drill 13, the left and right rotation reducer 14, the overturning frame 15, the front and rear overturning reducer 16, the telescopic inner cylinder 17, the arm frame telescopic oil cylinder 18, the arm frame telescopic outer cylinder 20, the arm frame pitching and swinging oil cylinder 21, etc. The front top anchor rod drill 13 is arranged on the front side of the operation table 44, the arm frame pitching and swinging oil cylinder 21 drives the front top anchor rod drill 13 to swing up and down and left and right, the telescopic inner cylinder 17 and the arm frame telescopic outer cylinder 20 adjust the front and rear distance of the front top anchor rod drill 13, the front and rear overturning reducer 16 drives the front top anchor rod drill 13 to overturn front and rear, and the left and right rotation reducer 14 drives the front top anchor rod drill 13 to rotate left and right.

[0050] Specifically, the arm frame telescopic outer tube 20 is hinged to the upper front side of the operating platform 44 and extends forward of the operating platform 44. The telescopic inner tube 17 is sleeved with the arm frame telescopic outer tube 20 and can be telescoped in the arm frame telescopic outer tube 20 under the driving of the piston rod of the arm frame telescopic oil cylinder 18. The arm frame pitching and swinging oil cylinder 21 is hinged to the lower front side of the operating platform 44, and the extending end of the piston rod thereof is hinged to the front end of the arm frame telescopic outer tube 20. The telescopic inner tube 17 can be swung up and down and left and right relative to the operating platform 44 through the action of the arm frame pitching and swinging oil cylinder 21. When assembled, the hinging shafts of the arm frame telescopic outer tube 20 and the operating platform 44 and the hinging shafts of the arm frame pitching and swinging oil cylinder 21 and the operating platform 44 are perpendicular to each other. The front and rear overturning reducer 16 is arranged at the front end of the telescopic inner tube 17. The output shaft of the front and rear overturning reducer 16 is fixedly connected with the overturning frame body 15. When the front and rear overturning reducer 16 works, the overturning frame body 15 can be driven to overturn forward and backward relative to the telescopic inner tube 17. The left and right rotating reducer 14 is installed on the overturning frame body 15, and the output shaft thereof is fixedly connected with the front top anchor rod drilling machine 13. The front top anchor rod drilling machine 13 is vertically connected to the front side of the left and right rotating reducer 14. When the left and right rotating reducer 14 works, the front top anchor rod drilling machine 13 can be driven to rotate left and right relative to the overturning frame body 15.

[0051] The front top anchor rod mechanism of the embodiment extends to the front end of the excavating and anchoring machine under the driving of the frame telescopic oil cylinder and the motor driven gear rack, the front top anchor rod drilling machine telescopic main arm swings up and down and left and right to adjust the approximate position of the anchor rod, the front and rear overturning, left and right overturning and main arm telescoping accurately adjust the front top anchor rod drilling machine to the anchor rod eye position, so as to anchor the first row of roadway roof.

[0052] As shown in Figure 4 , Figure 5 The front top anchor rod mechanism 4 of the embodiment includes a front top anchor rod drilling machine 19, a side lift outer tube 22, a side lift inner tube 23, a front top anchor rod rotating reducer 37, a front top anchor rod lifting inner tube 38, a front top anchor rod telescopic outer tube 39, a front top anchor rod telescopic inner tube 40, a front top anchor rod telescopic oil cylinder 41, a front top anchor rod left and right swinging cylinder 42, a front top anchor rod front and rear swinging cylinder 43 and the like. The front top anchor rod mechanism 4 is arranged on the operating platform 44. The front top anchor rod rotating reducer 37 arranged on the side lift outer tube 22 is lifted up and down under the driving of the side lift oil cylinder 71. The front top anchor rod telescopic outer tube 39 is arranged on the front top anchor rod rotating reducer 37. The front top anchor rod telescopic inner tube 40 is driven to telescope forward and backward by the front top anchor rod telescopic oil cylinder 41. The front top anchor rod left and right swinging cylinder 42 and the front top anchor rod front and rear swinging cylinder 43 are arranged at the front end of the front top anchor rod telescopic inner tube 40 to drive the front top anchor rod drilling machine 19 to swing forward, backward, left and right.

[0053] Specifically, the bottom of the front lifting outer cylinder 22 is fixedly installed in the operation table 44, the lower part of the front lifting middle cylinder 23 is sleeved with the front lifting outer cylinder 22, the lower part of the front anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 38 is sleeved with the front lifting middle cylinder 23, and the upper end of the front anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 38 is fixedly connected with the front anchor rod rotary reducer 37. Under the driving action of the front anchor rod lifting oil cylinder 71, the front lifting middle cylinder 23 and the front anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 38 can be simultaneously or respectively lifted and lowered along the vertical direction relative to the front lifting outer cylinder 22, so as to drive the front anchor rod rotary reducer 37 to be lifted and lowered. The front anchor rod telescopic outer cylinder 39 is installed on the output shaft of the front anchor rod rotary reducer 37 and can rotate with the rotation of the front anchor rod rotary reducer 37. The front anchor rod telescopic inner cylinder 40 is sleeved with the front anchor rod telescopic outer cylinder 39 and can be driven by the front anchor rod telescopic oil cylinder 41 to be telescoped along the horizontal direction relative to the front anchor rod telescopic outer cylinder 39. The front anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 42 is fixedly installed at the front end of the front anchor rod telescopic inner cylinder 40, and the extension direction of the piston rod of the front anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 42 is perpendicular to the axial direction of the front anchor rod telescopic inner cylinder 40. The front anchor rod front-rear swing cylinder 43 is fixedly installed at the piston rod extension end of the front anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 42, and the extension direction of the piston rod of the front anchor rod front-rear swing cylinder 43 is parallel to the axial direction of the front anchor rod telescopic inner cylinder 40. The front anchor rod drilling machine 19 is installed at the piston rod extension end. With the working of the front anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 42, the front anchor rod front-rear swing cylinder 43 is telescopically moved along the left-right direction of the horizontal direction. When the front anchor rod front-rear swing cylinder 43 works, the front anchor rod drilling machine 19 can be telescopically moved along the front-rear direction of the horizontal direction. Therefore, when the front anchor rod rotary reducer 37, the front anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 42 and the front anchor rod front-rear swing cylinder 43 work simultaneously, the front anchor rod drilling machine 19 can be rotated and swung relative to the operation table in the front-rear-left-right direction.

[0054] The front anchor rod drilling machine of the embodiment can be lifted and lowered through the lifting telescopic cylinder, the distance between the anchor rod and the front can be adjusted through the rotary reducer left-right swing, the telescopic cylinder front-rear telescoping and the two hydraulic screw swing cylinders 360 at the front end of the telescopic cylinder, so as to anchor and protect the front roof and the lagging one or more rows of the front can.

[0055] As Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the rear roof anchor rod mechanism 5 of the embodiment includes a rear roof anchor rod lifting cylinder 29, a rear roof anchor rod lifting outer cylinder 30, a rear roof anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 31, a rear roof anchor rod drilling machine 32, a rear roof anchor rod left-right rotation reducer 33, a rear roof anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 34, a front-rear swing frame body 35, a front-rear swing cylinder 36, etc. Among them, the rear roof anchor rod mechanism 5 is hingedly installed on the rear side of the operating table 44 through the front-rear swing frame body 35, and is driven to swing forward and backward by the front-rear swing cylinder 36 arranged above the operating table 44. The rear roof anchor rod left-right rotation reducer 33 is arranged on the front-rear swing frame body 35 and drives the rear roof anchor rod lifting outer cylinder 30 and the rear roof anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 31 to rotate left and right. The rear roof anchor rod lifting cylinder 29 arranged at the lower end of the rear roof anchor rod lifting outer cylinder 30 drives the rear roof anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 31 to lift up and down. The rear roof anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 34 arranged at the upper end of the rear roof anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 31 drives the rear roof anchor rod drilling machine 32 to rotate left and right.

[0056] Specifically, as shown in Figure 4 、 Figure 5 The front-rear swing frame body 35 is hingedly connected to the rear side of the operating table 44, and the front-rear swing cylinder 36 is hingedly installed on the rear side of the operating table 44 with its piston rod extending end connected to the upper part of the front-rear swing frame body 35. The front-rear swing cylinder 36 drives the front-rear swing frame body 35 to swing forward and backward relative to the operating table 44. The rear roof anchor rod left-right rotation reducer 33 is arranged on the front-rear swing frame body 35, and its output shaft is fixedly connected with the rear roof anchor rod lifting outer cylinder 30, which can be driven to rotate left and right during operation. The rear roof anchor rod lifting outer cylinder 30 is arranged in a vertical direction and is sleeved with the rear roof anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 31. The rear roof anchor rod lifting cylinder 29 arranged at the lower end of the rear roof anchor rod lifting outer cylinder 30 is used to drive the rear roof anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 31 to lift up and down relative to the rear roof anchor rod lifting outer cylinder 30. The rear roof anchor rod left-right swing cylinder 34 is installed at the upper end of the rear roof anchor rod lifting inner cylinder 31, and its piston rod is fixedly connected with the rear roof anchor rod drilling machine 32 to drive the rear roof anchor rod drilling machine 32 to rotate left and right.

[0057] The rear roof anchor rod drilling machine 32 of the embodiment can anchor the lagging rows of roof and sidewall while the front roof anchor rod drilling machine anchors the roof and the front sidewall anchor rod drilling machine anchors the sidewall.

[0058] Among them, as shown in Figure 6As shown, it is a structure schematic diagram of the second anchor protection mechanism of the embodiment, it is a back support mechanism installed in the back of the body part 11 through the back support part 12, including the back anchor rod telescopic oil cylinder 45, the back anchor rod telescopic inner tube 46, the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47, the up-down swing oil cylinder 48, the back anchor rod left-right rotation reducer 49, the back anchor rod drilling machine 50. Among them, the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47 is hinged in the lower end of the back support part 12, the back anchor rod telescopic oil cylinder 45 arranged on the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47 drives the back anchor rod telescopic inner tube 46 to extend and retract forward and backward, the up-down swing oil cylinder 48 hingedly installed on the upper end of the back support part 12 drives the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube and the back anchor rod telescopic inner tube 46 to swing up and down, the back anchor rod left-right rotation reducer 49 arranged on the front end of the back anchor rod telescopic inner tube 46 drives the back anchor rod drilling machine 50 to rotate left and right.

[0059] Specifically, the back support part 12 is fixedly installed on the back of the body part 11, and the up-down swing oil cylinder 48 is hingedly connected with the back support part (12) and the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube (47), that is, the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47 is hingedly connected with the lower lug of the back support part 12, and the back anchor rod telescopic inner tube 46 is sleeved with the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47 and extends and retracts relative to the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47 under the drive of the back anchor rod telescopic oil cylinder 45. The back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47 is hingedly connected with the back support part 12 through the up-down swing oil cylinder 48 and swings up and down under the drive of the up-down swing oil cylinder 48, thereby driving the back anchor rod drilling machine 50 to swing up and down. The back anchor rod left-right rotation reducer 49 is installed on the back anchor rod telescopic outer tube 47, and the back anchor rod drilling machine 50 is fixedly installed on the output shaft of the back anchor rod left-right rotation reducer 49, so that the back anchor rod drilling machine 50 is driven to rotate left and right through the left-right rotation reducer 49.

[0060] The telescopic cylinder of the back anchor protection mechanism of the embodiment is hingedly installed on the lug below the back support part, can swing up and down under the drive of the up-down swing oil cylinder, the telescopic cylinder can drive the back anchor rod drilling machine to extend and retract forward and backward, and the rotation reducer arranged on the front end of the telescopic cylinder can drive the anchor rod drilling machine to rotate left and right, so that the back anchor protection mechanism of the embodiment can anchor the lagged multiple rows of roadway sides while the front top anchor rod drilling machine anchors the roof of the roadway, the front back anchor rod drilling machine anchors the side of the roadway, and the back top anchor protection mechanism anchors the roof and the side of the roadway.

[0061] Among them, the temporary support mechanism 2 of the embodiment is fixed on the upper end of the cutting part 9, and temporarily supports the roof of the roadway. The temporary support mechanism 2 also supports the anchor net and the steel belt to the roof of the roadway. As shown inFigure 7 、 Figure 8 As shown in FIG. 2, the temporary support mechanism 2 includes a support inner cylinder 51, a support middle cylinder 52, a support outer cylinder 53, a support lifting oil cylinder 54, a support hinged frame 55, a support pitch oil cylinder 56, a support side extension frame body 57, a support main frame body 58, a support overturning swing cylinder 59, a support hinged frame body 60, a support left-right balance adjusting spring 61, a support outer extension oil cylinder 62, and the like. Among them, the support main frame body 58 is provided with the support side extension frame body 57 on both sides, the support telescopic cylinder (including the support inner cylinder 51, the support middle cylinder 52, and the support outer cylinder 53) is hingedly installed at the front end of the cutting part 9, the support telescopic cylinder is provided with the support hinged frame body 60 above, the support main frame body 58 can rotate left and right through the support hinged frame body 60 and automatically level through the support left-right balance adjusting spring 61, and the support hinged frame body 60 is provided with the support overturning swing cylinder 59 above. After the anchor drilling machine works, the cutting head falls to the ground, the support telescopic cylinder is overturned forward under the drive of the support pitch oil cylinder, the support lifting oil cylinder drives the support telescopic cylinder to move up and down and drives the support top plate (including the support main frame body and the support side extension frame body) to move upward, the support overturning swing cylinder 59 drives the support main frame body to rotate forward and backward to a parallel state with the roadway roof, and the support lifting oil cylinder 54 drives the support telescopic cylinder to drive the support top plate to the roadway roof.

[0062] Specifically, the lower part of the support hinged frame 55 is fixedly installed at the upper part of the front end of the cutting part 9, the lower part of the support outer cylinder 53 is hinged to the support hinged frame 55, the support middle cylinder 52 is sleeved in the support outer cylinder 53, the support inner cylinder 51 is sleeved in the support middle cylinder 52, and the inside bottom end of the support outer cylinder 53 is further provided with the support lifting oil cylinder 54. The support inner cylinder 51 and the support middle cylinder 52 are driven by the support lifting oil cylinder 54 to move up and down relative to the support outer cylinder 53. The support pitch oil cylinder 56 is hinged to the support outer cylinder 53 and the rear part of the cutting part 9, and can drive the support outer cylinder 53 to pitch relative to the cutting part 9. The support hinged frame body 60 is fixedly installed above the support inner cylinder 51, the support overturning swing cylinder 59 is installed on the support hinged frame body 60, and the bottom of the support main frame body 58 is installed on the piston rod of the support overturning swing cylinder 59. When the support overturning swing cylinder 59 works, it can drive the support main frame body 58 to overturn relative to the support hinged frame body 60. In addition, the support left-right balance adjusting spring 61 is arranged on the support hinged frame body 60, and the support main frame body 58 is provided with the support side extension frame body 57 on both sides. The support side extension frame body 57 is driven by the support outer extension oil cylinder 62 to move up and down relative to the support main frame body 58.

[0063] Among them, the on-board anchor drilling machine of the embodiment adopts the same structure and is connected through the corresponding reducer or oil cylinder of the anchor drilling machine seat 66. Next, the structure of each on-board anchor drilling machine will be described in detail in combination with FIGS. 3-5. Figure 9 、 Figure 10 ,

[0064] As Figure 9 , Figure 10 shown, the anchor rod drilling machine includes a sliding frame 63, a motor 64, a power head 65, an anchor rod drilling machine base 66, a chain mechanism 67, a chain oil cylinder 68, a sliding frame oil cylinder 69, a gripper 70, etc. The anchor rod drilling machine base of the airborne anchor rod drilling machine is movably provided with a sliding frame, the sliding frame oil cylinder on the anchor rod drilling machine base drives the sliding frame to move up and down on the anchor rod drilling machine base, the sliding frame is provided with a power head and a chain mechanism, and the sliding frame is provided with a chain oil cylinder for driving the chain mechanism to drive the power head to move on the sliding frame.

[0065] Specifically, the sliding frame 63 is arranged on the anchor rod drilling machine base 66, the power head 65 is arranged on the sliding frame 63, the motor 64 is arranged on the power head 65, the chain mechanism 67 is arranged on the sliding frame 63 and connected with the power head 65, the sliding frame oil cylinder 68 is arranged on the anchor rod drilling machine base 66 and connected with the sliding frame 63, and is used to drive the sliding frame 63 to move on the anchor rod drilling machine base 66. The chain oil cylinder 68 is arranged on the sliding frame 63 and is used to drive the chain mechanism 67 to drive the power head 65 to move on the sliding frame 63. The top end of the sliding frame 63 is further provided with the gripper 70, which can adopt the structure of the prior art and is used to support the drill rod and guarantee the stability of the drilling operation.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the multi-arm bolting rig has its control panel mounted directly above the rig body. The hydraulic system's pump station is integrated with the control panel, reducing the pump station's length. A 160 kW oil pump motor drives a dual 260cc variable displacement piston pump, fully meeting the simultaneous operation requirements of eight bolting rigs (two each for front jacking, front sidewall, rear jacking, and rear sidewall bolting). Furthermore, the control panel can be operated via intelligent remote control or pilot-operated bidirectional control. That is, the control panel can be moved relative to the rig body via a remote control, or its movement can be controlled relative to the rig body via a pilot valve on the control panel. These two methods are interlocked to prevent accidental injury. The first three rows of anchor bolt mechanisms (i.e., front top, front side, rear top, and rear side anchor bolt mechanisms) are installed on both sides of the main body and above the traveling section. The fourth row of anchor bolt mechanisms (i.e., rear side anchor bolt mechanisms) is installed on both sides of the rear support section. Anchor bolt drilling rigs with multiple anchor bolt mechanisms can work simultaneously to anchor bolts. The first row of anchor bolt drilling rigs (i.e., a pair of front top anchor bolt drilling rigs) completes the anchoring work of the first row of top anchor bolts. The second row of anchor bolt drilling rigs (i.e., a pair of front side anchor bolt drilling rigs) completes the anchoring work of the upper two side anchor bolts of one or more rows. The third row of anchor bolt drilling rigs (i.e., a pair of rear top anchor bolt drilling rigs) completes the anchoring work of the upper two side anchor bolts of one or more rows. The machine can anchor the third side anchor bolt at the top of five or more rows, and the fourth row anchor bolt drilling rig can complete the anchoring work of the bottom side anchor bolt at least 10 rows behind. The whole machine can achieve continuous operation of tunneling and anchoring during tunneling construction. There is no need for the tunneling and anchoring machine to retreat. After tunneling, the tunneling and anchoring machine can achieve the anchoring of the top anchor bolts, corner anchor bolts, and side anchor bolts at various anchoring angles through the various movements of the anchoring unit. It can fully meet the functional needs of tunneling, temporary support and anchor bolt driving, and truly realize the rapid switching between tunneling and support work, greatly reducing the labor intensity of manual labor and improving work efficiency.

[0067] Furthermore, the present invention also provides a method for tunneling and anchoring using the aforementioned multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine, such as... Figure 11 As shown, it includes the following steps:

[0068] The roadheader travels within the tunnel formed by the excavation and cuts the working face to be mined through its front cutting section until the roadway reaches the predetermined depth.

[0069] After the tunnel is excavated to the predetermined depth, the tunnel roof and sides are simultaneously supported and anchored using one or two rows of single supports.

[0070] The method of simultaneously supporting and anchoring the roadway roof and sides using one or two rows of single supports includes the following steps:

[0071] After the tunnel is excavated to the predetermined depth, the cutting section stops cutting the working face to be mined every time the roadheader advances the predetermined depth.

[0072] After the cutting unit stops cutting the working face, the temporary supporting mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine supports the roadway, including supporting the roof, laying the net and laying the steel belt.

[0073] Further, the method of one-row supporting or two-row supporting for simultaneously supporting and anchoring the roof and the sidewall of the roadway further comprises the following steps:

[0074] After the temporary supporting mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine supports the roadway, including supporting the roof, laying the net and laying the steel belt, the first anchoring mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine simultaneously supports and anchors the roof and the sidewall of the part of the roadway at a first distance from the front section of the roadway.

[0075] Further, the method of one-row supporting or two-row supporting for simultaneously supporting and anchoring the roof and the sidewall of the roadway further comprises the following steps:

[0076] While the first anchoring mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine supports and anchors the roof and the sidewall, the second anchoring mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine supports the sidewall of the part of the roadway at a second distance from the front section of the roadway.

[0077] The part of the roadway at the first distance from the front section of the roadway at least includes an integer multiple of the predetermined depth of the tunneling and anchoring machine, and preferably the first distance is the sum of the integer multiple of the predetermined depth of the tunneling and anchoring machine and 200-400 mm. The second distance is the sum of the first distance and another integer multiple of the predetermined depth of the tunneling and anchoring machine. When the cutting unit of the tunneling and anchoring machine works, the predetermined depth can be 1 meter, 2 meters or other values. Along the depth direction of the roadway, one row of anchor rods is arranged on the roof and / or the sidewall every 1 meter after the predetermined distance from the front section of the roadway, and the first row of anchor rods is arranged after the predetermined distance from the front section of the roadway, and the second row, the third row, …, and the Nth row are sequentially arranged. Therefore, when the first anchoring mechanism is used for anchoring, the distance between the first row of anchor rods and the front section of the roadway is the predetermined distance, which is preferably 200-400 mm. If the distance is too small (i.e., less than 200 mm), the first anchoring mechanism cannot punch the first row of anchor rods, and if the distance is too large (i.e., greater than 400 mm), the anchoring of the roadway is not safe.

[0078] In the one-row supporting method, the process of simultaneously supporting and anchoring the roof and the sidewall of the part of the roadway at the first distance from the front section of the roadway by the first anchoring mechanism of the tunneling and anchoring machine includes two rounds of punching anchor rods, and the specific process is as follows:

[0079] First round of punching anchor rods:

[0080] The first row of roof anchor rods is anchored by the front roof anchor drill on the left side of the machine, and the first row of corner anchor rods is anchored by the front roof anchor drill on the right side of the machine; at the same time, the second row of anchor rod machines (i.e., the front wall anchor drill) behind the front roof anchor drill anchor the second row of anchor rods on the upper part of the two side walls of the roadway; at the same time, the third row of anchor rod machines (i.e., the rear roof anchor drill) behind the front wall anchor drill anchor the third row of anchor rods on the upper part of the two side walls of the roadway.

[0081] The second round of anchor rod drilling:

[0082] The first row of roof anchor rods is anchored by the front roof anchor drill on the left side of the machine, and the first row of corner anchor rods is anchored by the front roof anchor drill on the right side of the machine; at the same time, the second row of anchor rod machines (i.e., the front wall anchor drill) behind the front roof anchor drill anchor the second row of anchor rods on the upper part of the two side walls of the roadway; at the same time, the third row of anchor rod machines (i.e., the rear roof anchor drill) behind the front wall anchor drill anchor the third row of anchor rods on the upper part of the two side walls of the roadway.

[0083] In the one-row support method, the first anchoring mechanism of the machine drills two rounds of anchor rods in the part of the roadway that is a first distance from the front section of the roadway to provide roof and wall anchoring, and the second anchoring mechanism of the machine drills wall anchor rods in the part of the roadway that is a second distance from the front section of the roadway, i.e., while the front roof, front wall, and rear roof anchor drills of the machine drill anchor rods, the fourth row of anchor rod machines (i.e., the rear wall anchor drill) behind the machine drills the lowest wall anchor rod on the upper part of the two side walls of the roadway that is more than the first row of anchor rods in row distance.

[0084] The rear wall anchor drill is installed at the rear end of the rear support of the machine, and the arm frame can swing up and down by 15 degrees to adjust the height of the rear wall anchor drill. The arm frame has a 400mm telescopic stroke, and the front end of the telescopic inner tube is provided with a rotary swing cylinder. The anchor drill can rotate by 180 degrees to vertically anchor roof anchor rods or horizontally anchor wall anchor rods.

[0085] With each of the above tunneling cycles, 8 anchor drills work simultaneously, each drilling two anchor rods, and the positions of the anchor rods in each row are staggered (as shown in Figure 12 ), thereby completing the anchoring of the roof of the roadway (i.e., the roof) and the wall of the roadway (i.e., the wall).

[0086] In the two-row one-supporting method, the first supporting mechanism of the excavating and anchoring machine simultaneously performs roof anchoring and side anchoring on the part of the roadway at the first distance from the front section of the roadway, including the process of two rounds of anchor rod driving, and the steps are as follows:

[0087] The first round of anchor rod driving;

[0088] At the same time, the front roof anchor rod drill machine anchors a roof anchor rod on the corresponding side of the first row, and the middle roof anchor rod drill machine anchors a roof anchor rod in the middle of the first row; at the same time, the front side anchor rod drill machine anchors two side anchor rods at the uppermost part of the side of the first row, and the rear roof anchor rod drill machine anchors a side anchor rod at the upper part of the side of the first row, and the two roof anchor rods are staggered with the anchor rod position of the front roof anchor rod drill machine.

[0089] The second round of anchor rod driving:

[0090] At the same time, the front roof anchor rod drill machine anchors a roof anchor rod on the corresponding side of the first row, and the middle roof anchor rod drill machine anchors a roof anchor rod in the middle of the first row; at the same time, the front side anchor rod drill machine anchors two side anchor rods at the uppermost part of the side of the first row, and the rear roof anchor rod drill machine anchors a side anchor rod at the upper part of the side of the first row, and the two roof anchor rods are staggered with the anchor rod position of the front roof anchor rod drill machine.

[0091] In the second round of anchor rod driving of the two-row one-supporting method, the number of rows of anchor rods driven by the front roof, front side, and rear roof anchor rod drills is one row ahead of the number of rows of anchor rods driven in the first round of anchor rod driving.

[0092] In the two-row one-supporting method, while the first round of anchor rod driving is performed by the first supporting mechanism of the excavating and anchoring machine, the second supporting mechanism of the excavating and anchoring machine also performs side anchoring on the part of the roadway at the second distance from the front section of the roadway, that is, while the first round of anchor rod driving is performed by the first supporting mechanism, the rear side anchor rod drills located at the tail of the excavating and anchoring machine each drive a side anchor rod at the uppermost part of the two sides of the roadway behind the second row of anchor rods.

[0093] With each of the above advancing cycles, the eight anchor rod drills work simultaneously to complete the anchoring of the roof of the roadway (i.e., the roof of the roadway) and the side of the roadway (i.e., the side of the roadway).

[0094] Next, the process of using the method of the present application to excavate and anchor is described in connection with specific embodiments.

[0095] Embodiment One

[0096] This embodiment uses a one-row support method to simultaneously support and anchor the roof and sides of the roadway, and the procedure is as follows:

[0097] I. Cutting Procedure: The anchoring mechanism is in the retracted state, the cutting portion is slotting, cutting, and collecting material; excavate one row of 1 meter, which takes 25-30 minutes.

[0098] II. Anchoring Procedure:

[0099] 1) The first anchoring mechanism is extended and supported by the temporary support mechanism, netting, and steel belt;

[0100] 2) The two front roof anchor drills each anchor the first row of corner anchor rods and the middle one roof anchor rod (a total of 4 roof anchor rods);

[0101] 3) The two middle side anchor drills each anchor the third row of upper two side anchor rods (a total of 4 side anchor rods);

[0102] 4) The third row of two roof anchor drills anchors the sixth row of two roof anchor rods and the third side anchor rod (2 roof and 2 side);

[0103] 5) The two rear anchor drills anchor the thirteenth row of the two lowest side anchor rods.

[0104] 6) The machine is returned to its original position.

[0105] Among them, steps 1 and 6 take 10-15 minutes, steps 2-5 are parallel operations, which take 10-15 minutes, and the entire anchoring procedure takes 20-30 minutes.

[0106] When the excavating and anchoring machine is walking in the roadway, the cutting procedure and the anchoring procedure are alternately performed to achieve roadway excavation, and for every 1 meter of progress, it can take 45-60 minutes.

[0107] Next, the process of using the anchoring mechanism to anchor the roof and sides of the roadway in the method is described in detail:

[0108] S01, the excavating and anchoring machine stops for the first time to drill anchor rods

[0109] After the excavating and anchoring machine completes the excavation work, the cutting portion is lowered to the ground, the front roof anchor drill located on the left side of the front of the excavating and anchoring machine anchors the third anchor rod of the first row (i.e. Figure 12 the anchor rod with serial number 1-D4 located in the first row), and the front roof anchor drill located on the right side of the front anchors the right corner anchor rod of the first row (i.e. Figure 12 the anchor rod with serial number 1-D1 located in the first row); at the same time, a pair of front side anchor drills each anchor the uppermost side anchor rod of the third row (i.e.Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 3-YB1, 3-ZB1 in the third row is located in the middle of the third row of anchor rods, and is 2 rows away from the top anchor rod in the first row; the third row of anchor rods is drilled by a pair of rear top anchor rod drills, and is 5 row distances away from the first row of anchor rods, and a pair of rear top anchor rod drills anchor the anchor cable or supplement the sixth row of the second top anchor rod (i.e. Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 6-D5 in the sixth row is located in the middle of the sixth row of anchor rods, and is the fifth top anchor rod (i.e. Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 6-D2 in the sixth row is located in the middle of the sixth row of anchor rods. At the same time, the fourth row of anchor rods is drilled by a pair of rear anchor rod drills, and the fourth row lags behind the first row of anchor rods by more than 10 row distances, and a top anchor rod above the lowermost anchor rod in the side part is supplemented (i.e. Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 13-YB3, 6-ZB3 in the thirteenth row is located in the middle of the thirteenth row of anchor rods.

[0110] In the second round of operation, the left end front top anchor rod drill anchors the first row of the first top anchor rod (i.e. Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 1-D6 in the first row is located in the middle of the first row of anchor rods, and the right end front anchor rod machine anchors the first row of the fourth top anchor rod (i.e. Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 1-D3 in the first row is located in the middle of the first row of anchor rods; at the same time, the second row of a pair of front side anchor rod drills anchor the second anchor rod from the top to the bottom in the third row of the side part (i.e. Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 3-YB2, 3-ZB2 in the third row is located in the middle of the third row of anchor rods; at the same time, the third row of a pair of rear top anchor rod drills anchor the third anchor rod from the top to the bottom in the sixth row of the side part (i.e. Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 6-YB3, 6-ZB3 in the sixth row is located in the middle of the sixth row of anchor rods. At the same time, the fourth row of a pair of rear side anchor rod drills in the tail of the machine each supplement the lowermost anchor rod in the rear of the side part (i.e. Figure 12 Figure 12 The anchor rod numbered 13-YB4, 6-ZB4 in the thirteenth row is located in the middle of the thirteenth row of anchor rods. In this way, two anchor rods are drilled by each anchor rod machine in each excavation cycle.

[0111] Example Two

[0112] This example uses a two-row support method to simultaneously support and anchor the roof and side walls of the roadway, and the procedures are as follows:

[0113] I. Cutting procedure: anchor protection is retracted, cutting part is grooving, cutting, and material collection; two rows of 2 meters are excavated, and the time is 40-50 minutes.

[0114] II. Anchor protection procedure:

[0115] 1) Anchor protection part is extended, temporary support is supported, net is laid, and steel belt is laid;

[0116] 2) The two front top anchor rod machines in the front part each anchor the second row of corner anchor rods and the middle 1 top anchor rod (a total of 4 top anchor rods);

[0117] 3) The two front support anchor rod machines in the middle each anchor the fourth row of two upper support anchor rods (a total of four support anchor rods);

[0118] 4) The two rear top anchor rod machines in the third row each anchor the seventh row of two top anchor rods and a third support anchor rod (2 top 2 support);

[0119] 5) The two rear support anchor rod machines on the rear side of the machine group each anchor the thirteenth row of two lowermost support anchor rods.

[0120] 6) The two front top anchor rod machines each anchor the first row of corner anchor rods and a middle top anchor rod (a total of four top anchor rods);

[0121] 7) The two middle support anchor rod machines each anchor the third row of two upper support anchor rods (a total of four support anchor rods);

[0122] 8) The two top anchor rod machines in the third row each anchor the sixth row of two top anchor rods and a third support anchor rod (2 top 2 support);

[0123] 9) The machine group returns.

[0124] The working steps 1 and 9 take 15-20 minutes; the working steps 2-5 are parallel operations and take 10-15 minutes; the working steps 6-8 are parallel operations and take 10-15 minutes; the entire anchoring process takes 35-50 minutes.

[0125] The cutting process and the anchoring process are alternately performed to realize roadway excavation, every 2 meters per cycle, and it takes 75-100 minutes.

[0126] When the one-row support method of the present application is used, according to the estimated time consumption of each process, every cycle 1 meter per cycle, it takes 45-60 minutes. According to 1 meter per cycle for 60 minutes, and 15 hours of effective excavation work per day, 15 meters per day can be excavated. According to 27 days of work per month, 405 meters per month can be excavated.

[0127] According to 1 meter per cycle for 45 minutes, and 15 hours of effective excavation work per day, 20 meters per day can be excavated. According to 27 days of work per month, 540 meters per month can be excavated.

[0128] When the two-row support method of the present application is used, according to the estimated time consumption of each process, every cycle 2 meters per cycle, it takes 75-100 minutes. According to 2 meters per cycle for 100 minutes, and 15 hours of effective excavation work per day, 18 meters per day can be excavated. According to 27 days of work per month, 486 meters per month can be excavated.

[0129] According to 2 meters per cycle for 75 minutes, and 15 hours of effective excavation work per day, 24 meters per day can be excavated. According to 27 days of work per month, 648 meters per month can be excavated.

[0130] In summary, the multi-arm excavating and anchoring machine and the excavating and anchoring method thereof have the following advantages.

[0131] The multi-arm excavating and anchoring machine and the excavating and anchoring method thereof can retract the anchoring mechanism on both sides of the body part and above the walking part when the cutting part is working, without affecting the rotation of the cutting part and the cutting operation of the excavating and anchoring machine. When the cutting part is not working, the anchoring mechanism can be quickly deployed to simultaneously anchor the roof and the sidewall of the roadway, thereby meeting the needs of excavating, temporary supporting and anchoring of the excavating and anchoring machine, realizing the quick switching of excavating and supporting work, reducing the labor intensity, and improving the working efficiency of the roadway excavation.

[0132] Although the present application has been described in detail above, the present application is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make modifications according to the principles of the present application, therefore, all modifications made according to the principles of the present application should be understood as falling within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for anchoring and protecting a multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine during tunneling, characterized in that, include: The roadheader travels within the tunnel formed by the excavation and cuts the working face to be mined through its front cutting section until the roadway reaches the predetermined depth. After the tunnel is excavated to the predetermined depth, the tunnel roof and sides are simultaneously supported and anchored using a row of supports, including: For a portion of the roadway at the first distance from the front section, two rounds of anchor bolt installation are carried out simultaneously for top and side anchoring. The first round of anchor bolt installation includes: anchoring the top anchor bolt in the first row located in the middle or near the middle using a front top anchor bolt drilling rig located on the left side of the front of the roadheader; anchoring the corner anchor bolts in the first row located on the right side using a front top anchor bolt drilling rig located on the right side of the front; simultaneously, anchoring the uppermost side anchor bolts on both sides of the roadway with a gap of one or more rows between them and the first row of anchor bolts using a pair of front side anchor bolt drilling rigs located behind the front side anchor bolt drilling rigs; and simultaneously, anchoring a pair of anchor cables with a gap of several rows between them and the first row of anchor bolts using a pair of rear top anchor bolt drilling rigs located behind the front side anchor bolt drilling rigs, or supplementing the installation of two top anchor bolts in that row. The anchor bolts are staggered from the anchor bolts drilled by the front top anchor bolt drilling rig; the second round of anchor bolt drilling includes: anchoring the first corner anchor bolt on the left side of the first row through the front top anchor bolt drilling rig located on the left side of the front of the anchoring machine; anchoring the top anchor bolt in the middle or near the middle of the first row through the front top anchor bolt drilling rig located on the right side of the front; at the same time, anchoring the second side anchor bolt down the upper part of both sides of the roadway through a pair of front side anchor bolt drilling rigs located behind the front top anchor bolt drilling rig, which is one or more rows away from the first row of anchor bolts; at the same time, anchoring the third side anchor bolt down the upper part of both sides of the roadway through a pair of rear top anchor bolt drilling rigs located behind the front side anchor bolt drilling rig, which is several rows away from the first row of anchor bolts. During the process of installing anchor bolts in two rounds to provide top and side anchor protection for the roadway, a pair of rear side anchor bolt drilling rigs located at the tail of the roadway machine are used to install the bottom side anchor bolts on the upper part of both sides of the roadway, which are further apart from the first row of anchor bolts.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Simultaneous support and anchoring of the tunnel roof and sides also includes: Before simultaneously installing two rounds of top and side anchoring on the section of roadway at the first distance from the front section of the roadway, the cutting section stops cutting the working face to be mined every time the roadheader advances to a predetermined depth. After the cutting department stops cutting the working face to be mined, it uses the temporary support mechanism of the roadway to provide support including roof support, netting and steel strip laying.

3. A method for anchoring and protecting a multi-arm tunneling and anchoring machine, characterized in that, include: The roadheader travels within the tunnel formed by the excavation and cuts the working face to be mined through its front cutting section until the roadway reaches the predetermined depth. After the tunnel is excavated to the predetermined depth, the tunnel roof and sides are simultaneously supported and anchored using a two-row, one-support method. This includes two rounds of anchor bolting for top and side anchoring of the section of the tunnel at the first distance from the front section. The first round of anchor bolting includes: anchoring a corner anchor on the corresponding side and a top anchor in the middle or near the middle of the second row using a pair of front top anchor bolt drilling rigs located in front of the tunnel boring machine; simultaneously, anchoring the uppermost two side anchors on the corresponding side of the tunnel wall using a pair of front side anchor bolt drilling rigs located behind the front top anchor bolt drilling rigs, spaced one or more rows apart from the second row of anchors; and simultaneously, anchoring the third side anchor from the upper part of the corresponding side of the tunnel wall using a pair of rear top anchor bolt drilling rigs located behind the front side anchor bolt drilling rigs, spaced several rows apart from the second row of anchors. The first round of anchoring includes: anchoring a corner anchor on the corresponding side of the first row and a top anchor on the corresponding side of the first row by a pair of front top anchor drilling rigs located in front of the anchor drilling machine; simultaneously, anchoring two side anchors on the uppermost side of the roadway wall by a pair of front side anchor drilling rigs located behind the front top anchor drilling rigs, which are spaced one or more rows apart from the first row of anchors; simultaneously, anchoring the third side anchor on the uppermost side of the roadway wall by a pair of rear top anchor drilling rigs located behind the front side anchor drilling rigs, which are spaced several rows apart from the first row of anchors, and adding a top anchor on the corresponding row, with the two top anchors offset from the positions of the anchors drilled by the front top anchor drilling rigs. During the first round of anchor bolt installation, a pair of rear anchor bolt drilling rigs located at the tail of the roadway each installed a supplementary anchor bolt on the bottom side of the roadway walls, which is further spaced from the second row of anchor bolts.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Simultaneous support and anchoring of the tunnel roof and sides also includes: Before simultaneously installing two rounds of top and side anchoring on the section of roadway at the first distance from the front section of the roadway, the cutting section stops cutting the working face to be mined every time the roadheader advances to a predetermined depth. After the cutting department stops cutting the working face to be mined, it uses the temporary support mechanism of the roadway to provide support including roof support, netting and steel strip laying.

5. A multi-arm roadheader for use in the method of any one of claims 1-4, comprising a roadheader body (1), having a body section (11), a traveling section (10), a cutting section (9), and a rear support section (12), characterized in that, Also includes: The first anchoring mechanism, located above the main body (11), is capable of simultaneously providing top and side anchoring for the roadway formed after the cutting section is excavated. It includes: a front top anchoring mechanism (3) for anchoring the roadway top; a front side anchoring mechanism (4) located behind the front top anchoring mechanism (3) for anchoring the roadway side while the front top anchoring mechanism provides anchoring; and a rear top anchoring mechanism (5) located behind the front side anchoring mechanism (4) for simultaneously anchoring the roadway top and the roadway while the front top anchoring mechanism and the front side anchoring mechanism provide anchoring. The rear side anchor bolt mechanism (8) is set behind the rear support part (12) and is used to anchor the roadway side that lags behind by multiple rows of roadway side while the front top anchor bolt drilling machine anchors the roadway top, the front side anchor bolt drilling machine anchors the roadway side, and the rear top anchor bolt mechanism anchors the roadway top and roadway side. In this system, multiple anchor drilling rigs with multiple anchor bolt mechanisms work simultaneously to install anchor bolts, enabling the anchoring of the roadway top anchor bolts, corner anchor bolts, and side anchor bolts at various angles to be simultaneously anchored by the various movements of the anchoring unit after the tunneling machine has been stationary.

6. The multi-arm roadheader according to claim 5, characterized in that, An anchor bolt device platform (28) is provided on the main body (11), and the first anchoring mechanism is provided on the anchor bolt device platform (28) and can slide relative to it.

7. The multi-arm roadheader according to claim 5, characterized in that, It also includes a temporary support structure (2) fixed above the cutting section (9) for temporary support of the roadway roof and for supporting the anchor mesh and steel strip to the roadway roof.

8. The multi-arm roadheader according to claim 6, characterized in that, The anchor bolt device platform (28) is provided with an operating table that is slidably connected to it, and the first anchor protection mechanism is set on the operating table.

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